42:
1024:"Procedure for Inmates Claiming to be Unable to Urinate in Presence of Others: The following procedures shall be employed when the watch commander reasonably believes that the inmate is unable to provide a urine specimen due to an alleged inability to urinate in the presence of others (shy bladder). Reasonable belief is based upon the following criteria, including, but not limited to: Medical or mental health records supporting the inmate's claim (to be evaluated by health services or OMH staff), prior disciplinary and/or computerized urinalysis testing data indicating a history of urinalysis testing violations, if applicable, and the inmate's behavior and demeanor at the time of request for the urine sample . . . . Staff shall not witness the inmate urinate into the specimen container."
492:, "No definitive or objective test is available to confirm or refute the presence of paruresis. The absence of prior treatment or the ability to void in some social situations but not in others does not rule it out. Although modalities associated with the treatment of social phobias help some individuals, no universally effective medication or other treatment exists. Coercive interventions, such as forcing fluids while observing a person with paruresis, are ineffective and can cause serious medical complications. Alternatives to observed urine specimen collection for individuals who self-report paruresis include unobserved collections in a dry room,
1039:"There may be extenuating medical (e.g., dehydration, kidney problems, medication, etc.) and psychological (e.g., social phobias) conditions that may preclude the giving of a sample. In such cases, the inmate must provide written evidence from the health care staff indicating such a condition. The Warden shall, in extreme cases, authorize the use of an alternative drug testing method for those inmates who have a documented medical condition that would prohibit the use of urinalysis testing. Approval of the commissioner or his designee is required prior to the use of any alternate drug testing method or instrument."
432:
461:
dehydrated, etc.). Staff may consider supervising indirectly an inmate who claims to be willing but unable to provide a urine sample under direct visual supervision. For example, this might be accomplished by allowing the inmate to provide the sample in a secure, dry room after a thorough search has been made of both the inmate and the room." At least six state prison systems—
228:, fear of exposure, or fear of being judged for not being able to urinate. Other people may find that they are unable to urinate while in moving vehicles, or are fixated on the sounds of their urination in quiet restrooms or residential settings. In severe cases, a person with paruresis can urinate only when alone at home or through the process of catheterization.
393:. In graduated exposure therapy, the subject has a trusted person stand outside the restroom at first, and once the fear is overcome the observer is brought closer in, until step by step the phobia is vanquished. The International Paruresis Association provides a detailed discussion of this method on its website. In addition to gradual exposure therapy,
460:
FBOP Program
Statement 6060.08 states, "Ordinarily, an inmate is expected to provide a urine sample within two hours of the request, but the Captain (or Lieutenant) may extend the time if warranted by specific situations (for example, the inmate has a documented medical or psychological problem, is
448:
provides that "An inmate is presumed to be unwilling if the inmate fails to provide a urine sample within the allotted time period. An inmate may rebut this presumption during the disciplinary process." Although U.S. courts have ruled that failure to treat properly diagnosed paruresis might violate
343:
tribunals also recognise it. It is listed in the NHS on-line encyclopaedia of conditions and disorders. It is now reported to have been accepted as a valid reason for jury service excusal. From 1 August 2005, the guidance on the rules relating to the testing of those on probation in the UK cites
449:
prisoner's constitutional rights, the courts have also "routinely rejected suspicious or unsubstantiated attempts to invoke it in defense of failure to complete drug testing," particularly when there were no medical record or physician testimony to back up the claim of paruresis.
409:
was coined by
Williams and Degenhart (1954) in their paper "Paruresis: a survey of a disorder of micturition" in the Journal of General Psychology 51:19–29. They surveyed 1,419 college students and found 14.4% had experienced paruresis, either incidentally or continuously.
439:
Some drug testing authorities find paruresis a nuisance, and some implement "shy bladder procedures" which pay no more than lip service to the condition, and where there is no evidence that they have conducted any real research into the matter. In the U.S.
452:
The
International Paruresis Association stresses the importance of medical documentation of one's condition since "he person who is unable to produce a urine sample is presumed guilty in the absence of any evidence." Some prisons have offered the use of a
827:
Nurses and others who work in medical offices have long been aware that some individuals are unable to produce urine samples. This phenomenon, sometimes called "bashful bladder," paruresis, is the inability to urinate in public
376:
are an application of behavior therapy for dealing with this disorder. Some paruretics experience delayed urination and must wait for their need to void to overcome their anxiety, while others are unable to urinate at all.
1015: (N.D. Florida, Panama City Division) ("DOC's Procedure 602.010, Bashful Bladder Procedure, which outlines the steps to be taken to obtain a urine specimen from an inmate who claims that he suffers from BBS.").
368:) have excessive fears of humiliation or embarrassment in various social settings, such as in speaking in public, urinating in a public rest room (also called shy bladder), and speaking to a date." The
397:
is used to change a patient's mental approach to the condition, from one of a person who cannot urinate, to a person who can urinate or is not overly fearful when they can't publicly urinate.
457:"—i.e., a cell with no toilet facilities, but only a container for the prisoner's waste—as an accommodation to inmates who are hindered by paruresis from providing an observed urine sample.
578:
504:('Test for Drugs of Abuse' 2002). These alternatives preclude the need for futile attempts to differentiate inmates with true paruresis from those who fabricate complaints."
673:
1012:
1660:
220:
Some people have brief, isolated episodes of urinary difficulty in situations where other people are in close proximity. Paruresis, however, goes beyond simple
355:
788:
Benjamin J. Sadock; Harold I. Kaplan; Virginia A. Sadock. "35.8 Behavior
Therapy. Table 35.8–2: Some Common Clinical Applications of Behavior Therapy".
354:
Paruresis was described in section 300.23 of the DSM-IV-TR as "performance fears ... using a public restroom" but it was not mentioned by name. The
418:
Paruresis is also known by many colloquial terms, including bashful bladder, bashful kidneys, stage fright, pee-shyness, and shy bladder syndrome.
49:
Outdoor urinal in Paris (1865). Paruresis is a type of phobia in which one is unable to urinate in the presence of others, as in a public toilet.
761:
Some individuals fear and avoid urinating in public restrooms when other individuals are present (i.e., paruresis, or 'shy bladder syndrome'.)
575:
478:
41:
923:
Code of
Federal Regulations, Title 28: Judicial Administration, Part 550—Drug Programs, Subpart D—Urine Surveillance, § 550.31 Procedures
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2132:
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331:) also may be involved, as its inhibition results in relaxation of the detrusor and prevents the relaxation of the internal sphincter.
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1947:
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312:) muscle area, or some combination of the above, may be involved. It is possible that there is an inhibition of the
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paruresis as a valid reason for inability to produce a sample which is not to be construed as a refusal.
289:
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485:—have modified their drug testing regulations to provide accommodations for prisoners with paruresis.
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The condition is catered for in the rules for mandatory urine testing for drugs in UK prisons, and UK
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2330:
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1591:
1177:
698:
281:
773:
Benjamin J. Sadock; Harold I. Kaplan; Virginia A. Sadock. "16.3 Specific Phobia and Social Phobia".
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that portrayed a paruretic as goofy, wearing a fanny pack, and having his hair parted in the middle.
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2017:
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The condition has been occasionally portrayed in popular culture, sometimes for comedic effect or
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248:, cystitis as well as urinary dysfunction following a catheterization, phobia of urination,
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It appears that paruresis involves a tightening of the sphincter or bladder neck due to a
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In terms of treating the mental aspect of paruresis, such treatment can be achieved by
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Florida
Department of Corrections Procedure 602.010, mentioned in footnote 12 of
854:
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describes shy bladder as "inability to void in a public bathroom" and notes that
301:
205:
35:
Bashful bladder, bashful kidneys, stage fright, pee-shyness, shy bladder syndrome
2299:
886:
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697:(4th (Text Revised) ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2000. pp.
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Weil, Monroe (May 2001). "A treatment for paruresis or shy bladder syndrome".
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Soifer, Steven; Nicaise, Greg; Chancellor, Michael; Gordon, David (2009).
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848:(5). New York, NY: Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy: 108.
240:(VCUG) in the past. "Complications that can occur in both sexes include
2424:
2117:
2022:
1723:
1448:
1443:
1239:
725:
712:
Antonio Prunas (July–August 2013). "La sindrome della vescica timida".
273:
181:
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2309:
2127:
1586:
1324:
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1043:"Policy #506.21(VI)(B)(9), Inmate Drug/Alcohol Testing and Sanctions"
245:
201:
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UKPT – United
Kingdom Paruresis Trust – Shy Bladder Syndrome Support
2112:
1782:
1749:
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868:"Breath-Hold Technique – International Paruresis Association (IPA)"
850:
534:
313:
249:
1040:
948:, 13 AD 3d 947 – NY: Supreme Court, Appellate Div., 3rd Dept. 2004
755:(5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp.
546:, the character Penny is revealed to suffer from bladder shyness.
530:
526:, a nerdy character with paruresis is one of many bathroom jokes.
435:
Observed urine tests can be problematic for those with paruresis.
221:
596:"Paruresis or Shy Bladder Syndrome: An Unknown Urologic Malady?"
208:. The analogous condition that affects bowel movement is called
16:
Inability to urinate in the real or imaginary presence of others
1830:
1645:
885:
Williams, Griffith W.; Degenhardt, Elizabeth T. (1 July 1954).
513:
197:
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resulting from VCUG was considered the same as from a violent
139:
86:
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1608:
593:
529:
127:
71:
1781:
1159:
351:, who include it in their on-line directory of conditions.
321:
257:
130:
935:, 2007 NY Slip Op 32130 – NY: Supreme Court, New York 2007
204:
in the real or imaginary presence of others, such as in a
77:
1164:
1135:"Shy bladder group protests DirecTV ad starring Rob Lowe"
987:
145:
92:
74:
576:
Paruresis – shy bladder syndrome – Better Health
Channel
2054:
1059:
1199:
751:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
693:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
356:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
157:
148:
142:
121:
104:
95:
89:
65:
136:
124:
83:
68:
747:"300.23, Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)".
133:
80:
1217:
1041:Tennessee Department of Correction (1 June 2011).
887:"Paruresis: A Survey of a Disorder of Micturition"
884:
748:
690:
689:"300.23, Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder".
364:states, "Persons with social phobias (also called
1088:(2nd ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
1083:
959:"FAQ – International Paruresis Association (IPA)"
802:
2441:
1626:
990:"Urine Surveillance and Narcotic Identification"
236:One possible cause of paruresis is undergoing a
1029:. New York Department of Correctional Services.
2399:
1058:
988:Federal Bureau of Prisons (24 November 1999).
711:
1185:
252:, and stopping urination. In the literature,
790:Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry
775:Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry
362:Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry
976:Meeks v. Tennessee Department of Correction
809:Social Phobia: From Shyness to Stage Fright
671:American Urological Association – Paruresis
2089:Other specified feeding or eating disorder
1356:
1192:
1178:
40:
963:International Paruresis Association (IPA)
872:International Paruresis Association (IPA)
626:"NHSDirect Site – reference to paruresis"
2352:Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia
1948:Depersonalization-derealization disorder
978:, Tenn: Court of Appeals, Nashville 2008
833:
430:
2442:
1108:
1086:Handbook of Correctional Mental Health
490:Handbook of Correctional Mental Health
421:
2398:
2266:
2201:
2053:
1780:
1625:
1535:
1355:
1216:
1173:
1165:United Kingdom Paruresis Trust (UKPT)
1084:Scott, Charles L. (15 October 2009).
215:
1536:
839:
358:(DSM-5) mentions paruresis by name.
2055:Physiological and physical behavior
1160:International Paruresis Association
860:
347:The condition is recognised by the
13:
2001:Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
1395:Emotional and behavioral disorders
1109:Holden, Stephen (7 October 2005),
507:
263:
14:
2481:
2181:Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
1153:
891:The Journal of General Psychology
1481:X-linked intellectual disability
117:
61:
1310:Intermittent explosive disorder
1235:Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
1127:
1102:
1077:
1052:
1033:
1018:
999:
981:
969:
951:
938:
926:
917:
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349:American Urological Association
200:in which a person is unable to
1953:Dissociative identity disorder
1218:Adult personality and behavior
766:
740:
705:
682:
664:
639:
618:
587:
569:
413:
1:
1063:. New Harbinger. p. 98.
903:10.1080/00221309.1954.9920203
562:
2357:Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
1894:Generalized anxiety disorder
1627:Neurological and symptomatic
1272:Sexual relationship disorder
805:"The Drama of Social Phobia"
516:. Examples of this include:
395:cognitive behavioral therapy
391:cognitive behavioral therapy
380:
334:
7:
2133:REM sleep behavior disorder
1602:Seasonal affective disorder
1400:Separation anxiety disorder
550:
446:Code of Federal Regulations
298:external urethral sphincter
290:internal urethral sphincter
10:
2486:
2400:Symptoms and uncategorized
1501:developmental disabilities
1267:Sexual maturation disorder
1013:256 F.Supp.2d 1326
811:. Perseus Books. pp.
803:Marshall, John R. (1994).
400:
387:graduated exposure therapy
278:involuntary nervous system
270:sympathetic nervous system
238:voiding cystourethrography
2405:
2394:
2370:
2362:Simple-type schizophrenia
2339:
2331:Schizophreniform disorder
2308:
2287:
2283:
2262:
2215:
2197:
2166:
2143:
2097:
2064:
2060:
2049:
1971:
1938:
1886:
1829:
1820:
1801:
1797:
1776:
1742:
1709:Mild cognitive impairment
1694:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
1674:
1636:
1632:
1621:
1592:Major depressive disorder
1545:
1531:
1497:Psychological development
1496:
1471:
1368:
1364:
1351:
1280:
1227:
1223:
1212:
1111:"Film in review; Waiting"
494:testing of hair specimens
231:
175:
53:
48:
39:
31:
26:
2410:Impulse-control disorder
2326:Schizoaffective disorder
2321:Brief reactive psychosis
2018:Mass psychogenic illness
1981:Body dysmorphic disorder
1760:Post-concussion syndrome
1370:Emotional and behavioral
581:2 September 2006 at the
260:, especially in girls."
2347:Childhood schizophrenia
1699:Frontotemporal dementia
1656:High-functioning autism
1473:Intellectual disability
540:In the American sitcom
366:social anxiety disorder
276:rush that produces the
1864:Specific social phobia
1755:Organic brain syndrome
1597:Melancholic depression
1358:Childhood and learning
842:The Behavior Therapist
714:Rivista di Psichiatria
436:
286:central nervous system
280:response probably has
2450:Urological conditions
2420:Psychomotor agitation
2210:and substance-related
2153:Postpartum depression
2033:Somatization disorder
1919:Acute stress reaction
1684:AIDS dementia complex
434:
2465:Body-related phobias
2415:Klüver–Bucy syndrome
2245:Substance dependence
2158:Postpartum psychosis
1704:Huntington's disease
1486:Lujan–Fryns syndrome
1335:Personality disorder
1061:Shy Bladder Syndrome
676:28 July 2009 at the
374:relaxation exercises
329:Barrington's nucleus
254:psychological trauma
194:shy bladder syndrome
2470:Situational phobias
2295:Delusional disorder
2240:Stimulant psychosis
2230:Physical dependence
2084:Rumination syndrome
1986:Conversion disorder
1963:Psychogenic amnesia
1813:with depressed mood
1811:Adjustment disorder
1714:Parkinson's disease
1689:Alzheimer's disease
1582:Atypical depression
1418:Social functioning
1293:Munchausen syndrome
1288:Factitious disorder
1027:"7 NYCRR 1020.4(e)"
543:The Big Bang Theory
520:In the 2005 comedy
422:Society and culture
2314:schizophrenia-like
1958:Dissociative fugue
1407:Movement disorders
726:10.1708/1319.14632
600:Urological Nursing
557:The Sound Princess
500:with a patch, and
437:
341:Incapacity Benefit
316:command through a
216:Signs and symptoms
2460:Anxiety disorders
2437:
2436:
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1729:Vascular dementia
1651:Asperger syndrome
1617:
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1523:
1522:
1461:Tourette syndrome
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1070:978-1-57224-227-2
944:In the matter of
933:Medard v. Doherty
442:Bureau of Prisons
288:involvement. The
187:
186:
21:Medical condition
2477:
2396:
2395:
2285:
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2199:
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2074:Anorexia nervosa
2062:
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2028:Psychogenic pain
1996:Globus pharyngis
1844:Childhood phobia
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1432:Selective mutism
1383:Conduct disorder
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1330:Trichotillomania
1305:Gender dysphoria
1300:Fear of intimacy
1257:Sexual anhedonia
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1201:Mental disorders
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308:(especially the
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2208:substance abuse
2185:
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2139:
2093:
2079:Bulimia nervosa
2056:
2037:
2013:Hypochondriasis
2008:False pregnancy
1991:Ganser syndrome
1973:Somatic symptom
1967:
1930:
1882:
1871:Specific phobia
1816:
1793:
1764:
1738:
1670:
1666:Savant syndrome
1638:Autism spectrum
1628:
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1541:
1519:
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1315:Dermatillomania
1276:
1262:Sexual anorexia
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678:Wayback Machine
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508:Popular culture
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337:
302:striated muscle
296:tissue) or the
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264:Pathophysiology
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206:public restroom
196:, is a type of
171:
162:
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120:
116:
115:
109:
105:
64:
60:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2483:
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2281:
2280:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Rebound effect
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2176:Hypersexuality
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
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2130:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
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2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2047:
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2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1909:Panic disorder
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1876:Claustrophobia
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1859:Anthropophobia
1851:
1849:Social anxiety
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1794:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Pick's disease
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
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1572:
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1562:
1557:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1205:Classification
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1154:External links
1152:
1149:
1148:
1137:. usatoday.com
1126:
1115:New York Times
1101:
1095:978-1585623891
1094:
1076:
1069:
1051:
1032:
1017:
998:
980:
968:
950:
937:
925:
916:
877:
859:
855:2002-13573-001
832:
822:978-0465078967
821:
795:
792:. p. 957.
780:
777:. p. 597.
765:
739:
704:
681:
663:
638:
617:
586:
567:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
552:
549:
548:
547:
538:
527:
509:
506:
428:
425:
423:
420:
415:
412:
402:
399:
382:
379:
336:
333:
318:reflex pathway
272:response. The
265:
262:
233:
230:
217:
214:
212:or shy bowel.
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
170:
169:
57:
55:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
20:
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9:
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2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
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2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:Schizophrenia
2338:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:Schizophrenia
2265:
2261:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Drug overdose
2218:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:Sexual desire
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2090:
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2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
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1910:
1907:
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1902:
1900:
1897:
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1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:Social phobia
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1789:-related and
1788:
1784:
1779:
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1761:
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1756:
1753:
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1747:
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1741:
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1732:
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1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
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1697:
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1425:
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1087:
1080:
1072:
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1036:
1028:
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1014:
1009:
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984:
977:
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954:
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929:
920:
912:
908:
904:
900:
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892:
888:
881:
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869:
863:
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852:
847:
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836:
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814:
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799:
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769:
762:
758:
753:
752:
743:
735:
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727:
723:
720:(4): 345–53.
719:
715:
708:
700:
695:
694:
685:
679:
675:
672:
667:
652:
648:
642:
627:
621:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
584:
580:
577:
572:
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558:
555:
554:
545:
544:
539:
536:
532:
528:
525:
524:
519:
518:
517:
515:
505:
503:
502:blood testing
499:
498:sweat testing
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:Massachusetts
464:
458:
456:
450:
447:
443:
433:
419:
411:
408:
398:
396:
392:
388:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
357:
352:
350:
345:
342:
332:
330:
326:
323:
320:as well. The
319:
315:
311:
310:pubococcygeus
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:smooth muscle
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
229:
227:
226:embarrassment
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
183:
180:
178:
174:
167:
166:
153:
114:
113:
100:
59:
58:
56:
54:Pronunciation
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
19:
2300:Folie à deux
2225:Intoxication
2206:substances,
2204:Psychoactive
2123:Night terror
1940:Dissociative
1904:Panic attack
1456:Tic disorder
1139:. Retrieved
1129:
1118:, retrieved
1114:
1104:
1085:
1079:
1060:
1054:
1035:
1020:
1008:Pate v. Peel
1007:
1001:
983:
975:
971:
962:
953:
945:
940:
932:
928:
919:
897:(1): 19–29.
894:
890:
880:
871:
862:
845:
841:
835:
826:
808:
798:
789:
783:
774:
768:
760:
750:
742:
717:
713:
707:
692:
684:
666:
654:. Retrieved
650:
641:
629:. Retrieved
620:
606:(2): 87–94.
603:
599:
589:
571:
541:
533:ad starring
521:
511:
489:
487:
459:
451:
438:
427:Drug testing
417:
406:
404:
384:
369:
365:
361:
360:
353:
346:
338:
267:
235:
219:
193:
189:
188:
18:
2273:schizotypal
2108:Hypersomnia
2098:Nonorganic
1839:Agoraphobia
1570:Cyclothymia
1565:Bipolar NOS
1540:(affective)
1412:Stereotypic
1320:Kleptomania
414:Other names
325:micturition
306:levator ani
210:parcopresis
32:Other names
2444:Categories
2425:Stereotypy
2288:Delusional
2277:delusional
2250:Withdrawal
2118:Parasomnia
2023:Nosophobia
1803:Adjustment
1791:somatoform
1724:Sundowning
1577:Depression
1560:Bipolar II
1449:Stuttering
1444:Cluttering
1240:Paraphilia
1141:19 January
828:restrooms.
647:"Projects"
563:References
523:Waiting...
282:peripheral
274:adrenaline
182:Psychiatry
2378:Catatonia
2310:Psychosis
2145:Postnatal
2128:Nightmare
1734:Wandering
1587:Dysthymia
1555:Bipolar I
1510:Pervasive
1325:Pyromania
1250:Voyeurism
1245:Fetishism
911:0022-1309
483:Tennessee
407:paruresis
405:The term
381:Treatment
335:Diagnosis
246:hematuria
190:Paruresis
177:Specialty
27:Paruresis
2113:Insomnia
1783:Neurotic
1750:Delirium
1676:Dementia
1515:Specific
851:PsycINFO
734:24056834
674:Archived
656:5 August
631:5 August
612:19507406
579:Archived
551:See also
535:Rob Lowe
488:Per the
479:New York
475:Michigan
471:Maryland
455:dry cell
370:Synopsis
327:center (
314:detrusor
250:nocturia
2455:Shyness
1822:Anxiety
1661:PDD-NOS
1550:Bipolar
1203: (
853:record
531:DirecTV
463:Florida
401:History
322:pontine
222:shyness
202:urinate
2066:Eating
1914:Stress
1831:Phobia
1787:stress
1646:Autism
1439:Speech
1228:Sexual
1120:9 June
1092:
1067:
1011:,
909:
819:
732:
610:
514:parody
444:, the
232:Causes
198:phobia
168:
2371:Other
2100:sleep
1887:Other
1743:Other
1609:Mania
1281:Other
1046:(PDF)
993:(PDF)
108:-yuu-
2275:and
1924:PTSD
1538:Mood
1378:ADHD
1143:2016
1122:2020
1090:ISBN
1065:ISBN
907:ISSN
817:ISBN
730:PMID
658:2018
633:2018
608:PMID
481:and
389:and
284:and
258:rape
165:-sis
112:-sis
2312:and
1899:OCD
1427:RAD
1422:DAD
1388:ODD
899:doi
757:203
722:doi
699:453
304:),
242:UTI
163:REE
161:-ə-
159:PAR
128:ɑːr
110:REE
106:PAR
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