561:
25:
309:(NPi) greater than 35% of the normal 24-hour urine volume. NPi is calculated simply by dividing NUV by the 24-hour urine volume. Similar to the inability to control urination, a disruption of arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels has been proposed for nocturia. Compared with normal patients, nocturia patients have a nocturnal decrease in AVP level.
291:
Diagnosis of DI can be made by an overnight water deprivation test. This requires the patient to eliminate fluid intake for a fixed period of time, usually around 8â12 hours. If the first morning void is not highly concentrated, the patient is diagnosed with DI. Central DI usually can be treated with
1548:
Sokhal, Ashok Kumar; Sankhwar, Satyanarayan; Goel, Apul; Singh, Kawaljit; Kumar, Manoj; Purkait, Bimalesh; Saini, Durgesh Kumar (30 August 2017). "A Prospective Study to
Evaluate Sexual Dysfunction and Enlargement of Seminal Vesicles in Sexually Active Men Treated for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by
185:
Nocturia diagnosis requires knowing the patient's nocturnal urine volume (NUV). The ICS defines NUV as "the total volume of urine passed between the time the individual goes to bed with the intention of sleeping and the time of waking with the intention of rising". Thus, NUV excludes the last void
156:
Studies have shown that 5â15% of people who are 20â50 years old, 20â30% of people who are 50â70 years old, and 10â50% of people 70+ years old urinate at least twice a night. Nocturia becomes more common with age. More than 50 percent of men and women over the age of 60 have been measured to have
512:
have all been well established in treatment to reduce lower urine tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. They are all believed to be similarly effective for this purpose. First-generation alpha-1 blockers, like prazosin, are not recommended to treat lower urinary tract symptoms
304:
Nocturnal polyuria is defined as an increase in urine production during the night but with a proportional decrease in daytime urine production that results in a normal 24-hour urine volume. With the 24-hour urine production within normal limits, nocturnal polyuria can be translated to having a
189:
As with any patient, a detailed history of the problem is required to establish what is normal for that patient. The principal diagnostic tool for nocturia is the voiding bladder diary. Based on information recorded in the diary, a physician can classify the patient as having global polyuria,
1848:
Roehrborn, Claus G.; Siami, Paul; Barkin, Jack; DamiĂŁo, Ronaldo; Major-Walker, Kim; Morrill, Betsy; Montorsi, Francesco (1 February 2008). "The
Effects of Dutasteride, Tamsulosin and Combination Therapy on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic
247:
Global polyuria is the continuous overproduction of urine that is not only limited to sleep hours. This occurs in response to increased fluid intake and is defined as urine outputs of greater than 40 mL/kg/24 hours. Common causes of global polyuria are primary thirst disorders, such as
698:
Van
Kerrebroeck, Philip; Abrams, Paul; Chaikin, David; Donovan, Jenny; Fonda, David; Jackson, Simon; Jennum, Poul; Johnson, Theodore; Lose, Gunnar; Mattiasson, Anders; Robertson, Gary; Weiss, Jeff; Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society (2002).
455:. However, one study regarding geriatric patients showed that this measure reduced voiding at night by only a small amount and is thus suboptimal for managing nocturia in older people. Fluid restriction does not help people who have nocturia due to gravity-induced
173:
can cause exhaustion, changes in mood, sleepiness, impaired productivity, fatigue, increased risk of accidents, and cognitive dysfunction. 25% of falls that older individuals experience happen during the night, of which 25% occur while waking up to void.
359:
that affect the capacity of the bladder. Some patients with nocturia have neither global nor nocturnal polyuria, according to the above criteria. Such patients most likely have a bladder storage disorder that impacts their nighttime voiding, or a
406:
A significant number of nocturia cases occur from a combination of causes. Mixed nocturia is more common than many realise and is a combination of nocturnal polyuria and decreased nocturnal bladder capacity. In a study of 194 nocturia patients:
421:
Multifactorial nocturia is often unrelated to an underlying urological condition. Mixed nocturia is diagnosed through the maintenance and analysis of bladder diaries of the patient. Assessment of cause contributions is done through formulas.
450:
Beverage consumption regulation. In regard to nocturia, this specifically means avoiding consuming fluids for three or more hours before bedtime and thus giving the bladder less fluid to store overnight. This especially helps people with
157:
nocturia in many communities. Even more over the age of 80 are shown to experience symptoms nightly. Nocturia symptoms also often worsen with age. Contrary to popular belief, nocturia prevalence is about the same for both sexes.
354:
Normal human bladder storage capacity varies from person to person and is considered 400â600 mL. A bladder storage disorder is any factor that increases the frequency of small volume voids. These factors are usually related to
1072:
Abraham, Lucy; Hareendran, Asha; Mills, Ian W; Martin, Mona L; Abrams, Paul; Drake, Marcus J; MacDonagh, Ruaraidh P; Noble, Jeremy G (2004). "Development and validation of a quality-of-life measure for men with nocturia".
513:
because of their blood-pressure-lowering effect. Later-generation drugs in this class are used for this purpose. In some cases, alpha-1 blockers have been used in combined therapy with 5-alpha reductase blockers.
1988:
1973:
1693:
Stanaszek, W. F.; Kellerman, D.; Brogden, R. N.; Romankiewicz, J. A. (April 1983). "Prazosin update. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure".
288:, subsequently decreasing urine production. ADH regulates hydration levels in the body, which helps regulates water levels. In nephrogenic DI, the kidneys do not respond properly to the normal amount of ADH.
148:â "urine". Causes are varied and can be difficult to discern. Although not every patient needs treatment, most people seek treatment for severe nocturia, waking up to void more than 2 or 3 times per night.
1108:
Van
Kerrebroeck P, Abrams P, Chaikin D, et al. (December 2002). "The standardization of terminology in nocturia: report from the standardization subcommittee of the International Continence Society".
186:
before going to bed but includes the first morning void, if the urge to urinate woke the patient. The amount of sleep a patient gets and the amount they intend to get are also considered in a diagnosis.
789:
Schatzl, G; Temml, C; Schmidbauer, J; Dolezal, B; Haidinger, G; Madersbacher, S (2000). "Cross-sectional study of nocturia in both sexes: Analysis of a voluntary health screening project".
337:
increasing obstructive airway resistance. Obstructive sleep apnea sufferers have been shown to have increases in renal sodium and water excretion that are mediated by elevated plasma
1284:
Matthiesen, TB; Rittig, S; NĂžrgaard, JP; Pedersen, EB; Djurhuus, JC (1996). "Nocturnal polyuria and natriuresis in male patients with nocturia and lower urinary tract symptoms".
296:. This is taken to control thirst and frequent urination. Although there is no substitute for nephrogenic DI, it may be treated with careful regulation of fluid intake.
2066:
1419:
Griffiths, DJ; McCracken, PN; Harrison, GM; Gormley, EA (1993). "Relationship of fluid intake to voluntary micturition and urinary incontinence in geriatric patients".
1241:
Rivkees, SA; Dunbar, N; Wilson, TA (2007). "The management of central diabetes insipidus in infancy: Desmopressin, low renal solute load formula, thiazide diuretics".
306:
994:
Kobelt, G; Borgström, F; Mattiasson, A (2003). "Productivity, vitality and utility in a group of healthy professionally active individuals with nocturia".
367:
Decreased NBC can be traced to a decreased maximum voided volume or decreased bladder storage. Decreased NBC can be related to other disorders, such as:
546:
are especially used in patients who suffer from nocturia due to an overactive bladder and urgency incontinence, because they help bladder contractility.
2059:
867:
van
Kerrebroeck P, Hashim H, Holm-Larsen T, Robinson D, Stanley N (May 2010). "Thinking beyond the bladder: antidiuretic treatment of nocturia".
207:
Patients should include the first morning void in the NUV. However, the first morning void is not included with the number of nightly voids.
1513:
Ebell, MH; Radke, T; Gardner, J (September 2014). "A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of desmopressin for nocturia in adults".
1319:
Parthasarathy, Sairam; Fitzgerald, Marypat; Goodwin, James L.; Unruh, Mark; Guerra, Stefano; Quan, Stuart F. (2012). Bayer, Antony (ed.).
126:
is defined by the
International Continence Society (ICS) as "the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for
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2621:
2052:
701:"The standardisation of terminology in nocturia: Report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society"
239:
of another disorder (not a disease by itself), but it can be classed as a disorder, at least when its underlying causes are not clear.
751:
Weiss, Jeffrey P.; Blaivas, Jerry G.; Stember, Doron S.; Brooks, Maria M. (1998). "Nocturia in adults: Etiology and classification".
764:
633:
2250:
1791:
Tanguay, Simon; Awde, Murray; Brock, Gerald; Casey, Richard; Kozak, Joseph; Lee, Jay; Nickel, J. Curtis; Saad, Fred (June 2009).
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and tamsulosin are on the market as combined therapy, and results have shown that they improve symptoms significantly versus
472:
Drugs that increase the passing of urine can help decrease the third spacing of fluid, but they could also increase nocturia.
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are the most commonly used medicine to treat BPH. Alpha-1 blockers are first-line treatment for the symptoms of BPH in men.
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A quality-of-life test for people who experience nocturia was published in 2004. The pilot study was conducted only on men.
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89:
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108:
61:
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Jensen, J; Lundin-Olsson, L; Nyberg, L; Gustafson, Y (2002). "Falls among frail older people in residential care".
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2547:
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2103:
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Nickel, J. Curtis; MĂ©ndez-Probst, Carlos E.; Whelan, Thomas F.; Paterson, Ryan F.; Razvi, Hassan (October 2010).
68:
586:
466:
377:
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in response to high blood volume. When activated, ANH releases water, subsequently increasing urine production.
46:
2888:
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Swamy, S.; Gill, K.; Kupelian, A.; Sathiananthamoorthy, S.; Horsley, H.; Collins, L.; Malone-Lee, J. (2013),
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382:
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338:
257:
1904:
Rovner, ES; Wein, AJ (2003). "Update on overactive bladder: Pharmacologic approaches on the horizon".
256:(DI). Urination imbalance may lead to polydipsia or excessive thirst to prevent circulatory collapse.
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2588:
2536:
2511:
582:
456:
364:. Nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC) is defined as the largest voided volume during the sleep period.
57:
42:
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may be worn through the day to prevent fluid from accumulating in the legs, unless heart failure or
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2003:
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Research suggests that more than 60% of people are negatively affected by nocturia. The resulting
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35:
1321:"Nocturia, Sleep-Disordered Breathing, and Cardiovascular Morbidity in a Community-Based Cohort"
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Weiss, JP; Blaivas, JG (2002). "Nocturnal polyuria versus overactive bladder in nocturia".
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8:
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nocturnal polyuria, or bladder storage problems. A voiding bladder diary should record:
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1997:
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Carruthers, S. G. (July 1994). "Adverse effects of alpha 1-adrenergic blocking drugs".
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Although there is no cure for nocturia, many actions can manage the symptoms.
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1589:"2010 Update: Guidelines for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia"
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of fluid, because fluid is mobilized when they lie in a reclining position.
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1793:"Diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care"
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Lundgren, Rolf (2004). "Nocturia: A new perspective on an old symptom".
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If urinary tract infection is causative, it can be treated with urinary
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Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Bliwise, Donald L.; NĂžrgaard, Jens Peter (2011).
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Hetta, J (1999). "The impact of sleep deprivation caused by nocturia".
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509:
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of urine. Increased production and passage of urine may also be termed
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10.1002/(SICI)1520-6777(1998)17:5<467::AID-NAU2>3.0.CO;2-B
717:
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1646:"Alpha Blockers for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"
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Other causes of nocturnal polyuria include diseases such as
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lifestyle patterns such as excessive nighttime drinking
1370:"Picture of the Bladder" Matthew Hoffman MD, webmd.com
1790:
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includes increasingly popular and minimally invasive
1955:
1849:
Enlargement: 2-Year
Results From the CombAT Study".
411:
7% were determined to solely have nocturnal polyuria
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1784:
1243:
Journal of
Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1512:
223:is excessive, or abnormally large, production or
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1781:
1887:Voiding symptoms cleared by treating infection
826:Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
276:and stored in and released from the posterior
2314:
2300:
2060:
1464:"Practical management of nocturia in urology"
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1205:
1101:
693:
691:
1381:Weiss, JP; Blaivas, JG (2003). "Nocturia".
589:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
16:Unusually frequent need to urinate at night
2622:Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
2307:
2293:
2067:
2053:
1903:
1744:
272:, or argipressin). ADH is produced in the
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970:
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688:
609:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1363:
895:
823:
784:
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634:Surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia
280:. ADH increases water absorption in the
1797:Canadian Urological Association Journal
1593:Canadian Urological Association Journal
1461:
1414:
1412:
1374:
621:If the cause of nocturia is related to
292:a synthetic replacement of ADH, called
2991:
1201:
1199:
629:, surgical actions may be sought out.
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2048:
1643:
1582:
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1234:
1039:Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
987:
901:
779:
741:
299:
1409:
1030:
587:adding citations to reliable sources
554:
430:
374:, also known as prostate enlargement
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1277:
1214:(5 Suppl 1): 28â32, discussion 32.
1196:
1065:
817:
13:
2999:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system
1738:
1686:
1637:
1577:
349:
242:
231:. Polyuria is usually viewed as a
14:
3010:
1944:
947:"The effect of nocturia on sleep"
341:(ANH) levels. ANH is released by
2462:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
2457:Central hypoventilation syndrome
1892:International Continence Society
1759:10.2165/00002018-199411010-00003
1708:10.2165/00003495-198325040-00002
1462:Jin, M. H.; Moon, D. G. (2008).
1008:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.04062.x
881:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02336.x
559:
417:36% had a mixed cause of the two
23:
2617:Periodic limb movement disorder
2584:Non-24-hour sleepâwake disorder
2104:Costovertebral angle tenderness
1897:
1877:
1841:
1541:
1506:
1455:
1312:
1171:
1145:
401:
397:certain pharmacological agents.
203:volume and time of fluid intake
34:needs additional citations for
938:
860:
476:
378:neurogenic bladder dysfunction
1:
2889:Biphasic and polyphasic sleep
2697:Nocturnal clitoral tumescence
2559:Advanced sleep phase disorder
1563:10.1016/j.urology.2017.08.025
1298:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65572-1
1220:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01789-2
1123:10.1046/j.1464-410x.90.s3.3.x
1087:10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.019
916:10.1046/j.1464-410x.84.s1.3.x
803:10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00603-8
681:
425:
151:
134:)". The term is derived from
2569:Delayed sleep phase disorder
2497:Excessive daytime sleepiness
2214:Lower urinary tract symptoms
1421:Neurourology and Urodynamics
1338:10.1371/journal.pone.0030969
753:Neurourology and Urodynamics
705:Neurourology and Urodynamics
623:benign prostatic hyperplasia
414:57% solely had decreased NBC
372:benign prostatic hyperplasia
357:lower urinary tract symptoms
180:
7:
2702:Nocturnal penile tumescence
2574:Irregular sleepâwake rhythm
664:
643:Surgical correction of the
383:learned voiding dysfunction
260:is caused by low levels of
215:
10:
3015:
2564:Cyclic alternating pattern
1863:10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.084
1527:10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.095
1255:10.1515/JPEM.2007.20.4.459
1051:10.1080/140349401753481592
963:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.03.002
550:
482:ADH replacements, such as
447:intake. Both are diuretic.
339:atrial natriuretic hormone
258:Central diabetes insipidus
2807:
2780:Behavioral sleep medicine
2767:
2715:
2645:
2597:
2589:Shift work sleep disorder
2545:
2537:Sleep state misperception
2487:
2427:
2418:
2355:
2326:
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2206:
2180:
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2018:
1959:
1951:European Board of Urology
1918:10.1007/s11934-003-0013-3
1468:Indian Journal of Urology
1395:10.1007/s11934-003-0007-1
838:10.1080/00365590310020033
210:
160:
2337:Rapid eye movement (REM)
1153:"Definition of Diuresis"
650:sacral nerve stimulation
467:another contraindication
317:congestive heart failure
307:nocturnal polyuria index
2658:Exploding head syndrome
2467:Obstructive sleep apnea
1906:Current Urology Reports
1644:Lepor, Herbert (2007).
1481:10.4103/0970-1591.42607
1383:Current Urology Reports
393:urinary tract infection
282:collecting duct systems
2973:Sleeping while on duty
2522:Idiopathic hypersomnia
2236:Extravasation of urine
1851:The Journal of Urology
1515:The Journal of Urology
1433:10.1002/nau.1930120102
1286:The Journal of Urology
951:Sleep Medicine Reviews
2795:Neuroscience of sleep
2527:Night eating syndrome
2512:KleineâLevin syndrome
1803:(Suppl 2): S92âS100.
645:pelvic organ prolapse
463:Compression stockings
2949:Sleep and creativity
2125:Urinary incontinence
654:Bladder augmentation
583:improve this section
453:urgency incontinence
343:cardiac muscle cells
270:arginine vasopressin
43:improve this article
2944:Sleep and breathing
2400:Sensorimotor rhythm
2150:Post-void dribbling
1183:The Free Dictionary
2954:Sleep and learning
2707:Nocturnal emission
2607:Nightmare disorder
2472:Periodic breathing
2145:Nocturnal enuresis
2076:Signs and symptoms
2019:External resources
1650:Reviews in Urology
1605:10.5489/cuaj.10124
627:overactive bladder
322:nephritic syndrome
300:Nocturnal polyuria
254:diabetes insipidus
2986:
2985:
2964:Sleep deprivation
2803:
2802:
2282:
2281:
2172:Urinary retention
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2041:
1809:10.5489/cuaj.1116
1549:Alpha Blockers".
1159:. 30 October 2013
1117:(Suppl 3): 11â5.
996:BJU International
910:(Suppl 1): 27â8.
904:BJU International
718:10.1002/nau.10053
619:
618:
611:
431:Lifestyle changes
388:anxiety disorders
250:diabetes mellitus
171:sleep deprivation
119:
118:
111:
93:
3006:
2959:Sleep and memory
2899:Circadian rhythm
2646:Benign phenomena
2548:Circadian rhythm
2425:
2424:
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2135:Diurnal enuresis
2109:Vesical tenesmus
2078:relating to the
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1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1034:
1028:
1027:
991:
985:
984:
974:
942:
936:
935:
899:
893:
892:
869:Int J Clin Pract
864:
858:
857:
821:
815:
814:
786:
777:
776:
748:
739:
738:
720:
695:
614:
607:
603:
600:
594:
563:
555:
494:alpha-1 blockers
132:i.e., to urinate
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2877:Procrastination
2830:Four-poster bed
2799:
2763:
2757:Polysomnography
2735:Sleep induction
2711:
2682:Sleep paralysis
2641:
2593:
2552:
2549:
2541:
2483:
2442:Mouth breathing
2420:Sleep disorders
2414:
2351:
2342:Quiescent sleep
2322:
2320:sleep disorders
2313:
2283:
2278:
2264:Brewer infarcts
2245:
2202:
2176:
2113:
2082:
2073:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2014:
2013:
1968:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1902:
1898:
1882:
1878:
1846:
1842:
1789:
1782:
1743:
1739:
1691:
1687:
1642:
1638:
1585:
1578:
1546:
1542:
1511:
1507:
1460:
1456:
1417:
1410:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1317:
1313:
1282:
1278:
1239:
1235:
1204:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1106:
1102:
1070:
1066:
1035:
1031:
992:
988:
943:
939:
900:
896:
865:
861:
822:
818:
787:
780:
749:
742:
696:
689:
684:
667:
658:Detrusor muscle
615:
604:
598:
595:
580:
564:
553:
534:agents such as
479:
433:
428:
404:
352:
350:Bladder storage
302:
278:pituitary gland
268:hormone (ADH),
245:
243:Global polyuria
218:
213:
197:timing of voids
194:number of voids
183:
163:
154:
141:â "night", and
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3012:
3002:
3001:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:Comfort object
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Sleep medicine
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2080:urinary system
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1985:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:Classification
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:External links
1943:
1940:
1939:
1896:
1876:
1857:(2): 616â621.
1840:
1780:
1737:
1702:(4): 339â384.
1685:
1656:(4): 181â190.
1636:
1599:(5): 310â316.
1576:
1540:
1505:
1474:(3): 289â294.
1454:
1408:
1373:
1362:
1311:
1276:
1233:
1195:
1170:
1144:
1100:
1064:
1029:
986:
937:
894:
859:
816:
778:
740:
686:
685:
683:
680:
679:
678:
673:
666:
663:
662:
661:
655:
652:
647:
641:
617:
616:
567:
565:
558:
552:
549:
548:
547:
532:Antimuscarinic
529:
526:antimicrobials
522:
490:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
460:
448:
432:
429:
427:
424:
419:
418:
415:
412:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
362:sleep disorder
351:
348:
347:
346:
332:
329:
324:
319:
301:
298:
244:
241:
217:
214:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
182:
179:
162:
159:
153:
150:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3011:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Sleep hygiene
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Sleep inertia
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2637:Sleep-talking
2635:
2633:
2632:Sleep driving
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Sleep spindle
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:(5): 385â90.
1911:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:(3): 829â35.
1520:
1516:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1331:(2): e30969.
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:(4): 1292â9.
1291:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:(4): 459â69.
1248:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
982:
978:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:(6): 807â16.
874:
870:
863:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:
783:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:(5): 467â72.
758:
754:
747:
745:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
714:
711:(2): 179â83.
710:
706:
702:
694:
692:
687:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
659:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
642:
639:
638:laser surgery
635:
632:
631:
630:
628:
624:
613:
610:
602:
592:
588:
584:
578:
577:
573:
568:This section
566:
562:
557:
556:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
489:
485:
481:
480:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:third spacing
454:
449:
446:
442:
438:
437:
436:
423:
416:
413:
410:
409:
408:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
363:
358:
344:
340:
336:
333:
330:
328:
327:liver failure
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
308:
297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:(also called
263:
259:
255:
251:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
208:
202:
200:volume voided
199:
196:
193:
192:
191:
187:
178:
175:
172:
168:
158:
149:
147:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2850:Sleeping bag
2627:Sleepwalking
2612:Night terror
2531:
2329:sleep cycles
2274:Mathe's sign
2269:Lloyd's sign
2218:
2026:
2002:
1987:
1972:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1879:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1800:
1796:
1753:(1): 12â20.
1750:
1746:
1740:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1596:
1592:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1424:
1420:
1389:(5): 362â6.
1386:
1382:
1376:
1365:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1211:
1207:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1156:
1147:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1081:(3): 481â6.
1078:
1074:
1067:
1045:(1): 54â61.
1042:
1038:
1032:
1002:(3): 190â5.
999:
995:
989:
954:
950:
940:
907:
903:
897:
872:
868:
862:
832:(2): 112â6.
829:
825:
819:
794:
790:
756:
752:
708:
704:
620:
605:
596:
581:Please help
569:
484:desmopressin
434:
420:
405:
402:Mixed causes
366:
353:
311:
303:
294:desmopressin
290:
274:hypothalamus
266:antidiuretic
246:
219:
206:
188:
184:
176:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
123:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2934:Second wind
2909:Dream diary
2785:Sleep study
2725:Sleep diary
2677:Hypnopompia
2672:Sleep onset
2663:Hypnic jerk
2502:Hypersomnia
2452:Catathrenia
2447:Sleep apnea
2357:Brain waves
2327:Stages of
2259:Addis count
2099:Renal colic
1747:Drug Safety
1188:30 December
1163:30 December
957:(2): 91â7.
797:(1): 71â5.
544:solifenacin
540:tolterodine
519:monotherapy
515:Dutasteride
488:vasopressin
477:Medications
469:is present.
335:sleep apnea
262:vasopressin
2968:Sleep debt
2914:Microsleep
2894:Chronotype
2808:Daily life
2692:Somnolence
2668:Hypnagogia
2599:Parasomnia
2517:Narcolepsy
2429:Anatomical
2410:Theta wave
2380:Gamma wave
2375:Delta wave
2365:Alpha wave
2028:Patient UK
1427:(1): 1â7.
1179:"Diuresis"
682:References
599:April 2024
536:oxybutynin
510:tamsulosin
492:Selective
426:Management
284:of kidney
152:Prevalence
99:April 2024
69:newspapers
58:"Nocturia"
2978:Sleepover
2929:Power nap
2924:Nightwear
2790:Melatonin
2752:Somnology
2717:Treatment
2550:disorders
2489:Dyssomnia
2395:PGO waves
2390:Mu rhythm
2385:K-complex
2370:Beta wave
2347:Slow-wave
2251:Eponymous
2229:frequency
1817:1911-6470
1767:0114-5916
1716:0012-6667
1662:1523-6161
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570:does not
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498:Doxazosin
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2820:Bunk bed
2740:Hypnosis
2532:Nocturia
2507:Insomnia
2219:Nocturia
2198:Polyuria
2188:Oliguria
2165:Overflow
2140:Giggling
2130:Enuresis
2033:Nocturia
1934:30475019
1926:14499063
1871:18082216
1835:19543429
1732:46973044
1680:18231614
1631:20944799
1571:28860050
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1500:19468456
1449:33718389
1403:14499058
1357:22328924
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811:10869627
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671:Polyuria
665:See also
660:myectomy
441:caffeine
286:nephrons
229:diuresis
221:Polyuria
216:Polyuria
167:insomnia
124:Nocturia
2872:Bedtime
2867:Bedroom
2862:Bedding
2857:Bed bug
2840:Hammock
2745:Lullaby
2579:Jet lag
2479:Snoring
2437:Bruxism
2224:urgency
2118:Control
2094:Dysuria
2009:D053158
1826:2698785
1775:7917078
1724:6303744
1671:2213889
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972:3137590
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773:9776009
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576:sources
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445:alcohol
233:symptom
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128:voiding
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