746:
600:
838:
but many are infiltrative, and extension into the cortex is common. Most reported cases have been high grade and advanced stage and have not responded to conventional therapies. Most patients are symptomatic at presentation. Immunohistochemical and molecular analyses suggest that collecting duct RCC may resemble transitional cell carcinoma, and some patients with advanced collecting duct RCC have responded to cisplatin- or gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
1811:
359:"Medullary collecting ducts" are divided into outer and inner segments, the latter reaching more deeply into the medulla. The variable reabsorption of water and, depending on fluid balances and hormonal influences, the reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ion continues here. Urea passively transports out of duct here and creates 500mOsm gradient.
173:
29:
837:
Carcinoma of the collecting duct is a relatively rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for less than 1% of all RCCs. Many reported cases have occurred in younger patients, often in the third, fourth, or fifth decade of life. Collecting duct carcinomas are derived from the medulla,
737:(RTA type I, classical RTA)(reference). The intercalated cell population is also extensively modified in response to chronic lithium treatment, including the addition of a largely uncharacterized cell type which expressed markers for both intercalated and principal cells.
764:
The wide variation in water reabsorption levels for the collecting duct system reflects its dependence on hormonal activation. The collecting ducts, in particular, the outer medullary and cortical collecting ducts, are largely impermeable to water without the presence of
2449:
474:
These cells work in tandem to reabsorb water, sodium, and urea and secrete acid and potassium. The amount of reabsorption or secretion that occurs is related to needs of the body at any given time. These processes are mediated by
1389:
Kim, Young-Hee; Kwon, Tae-Hwan; Frische, Sebastian; Kim, Jin; Tisher, C. Craig; Madsen, Kirsten M.; Nielsen, Søren (2002-10-01). "Immunocytochemical localization of pendrin in intercalated cell subtypes in rat and mouse kidney".
519:
from the base of the renal pyramid to the apex. It is highest at the renal apex (up to 1200 mOsm). Thus the force driving the reabsorption of water from the collecting system is the greatest in the papillary duct.
591:
channels that provide a physical pathway for water to pass through the principal cells. Together, aldosterone and vasopressin let the principal cell control the quantity of water that is reabsorbed.
1609:. Jameson, J. Larry,, Kasper, Dennis L.,, Longo, Dan L. (Dan Louis), 1949-, Fauci, Anthony S., 1940-, Hauser, Stephen L.,, Loscalzo, Joseph (20th ed.). New York. 13 August 2018. p. 2097.
1433:
Wall, Susan M.; Hassell, Kathryn A.; Royaux, Ines E.; Green, Eric D.; Chang, Judy Y.; Shipley, Gregory L.; Verlander, Jill W. (2003-01-01). "Localization of pendrin in mouse kidney".
1206:
Schlatter, Eberhard; Schafer, James A. (1987). "Electrophysiological studies in principal cells of rat cortical collecting tubules ADH increases the apical membrane Na+-conductance".
1884:
295:. Connecting tubules from several adjacent nephrons merge to form cortical collecting tubules, and these may join to form cortical collecting ducts (CCD). Connecting tubules of some
515:
influences the strength of the force that pulls (reabsorbs) water from the papillary duct into the medullary interstitium. This is especially important in the papillary ducts.
88:
761:
and 5% of the kidney's reabsorption of water. At times of extreme dehydration, over 24% of the filtered water may be reabsorbed in the collecting duct system.
1485:
852:
159:
There are several components of the collecting duct system, including the connecting tubules, cortical collecting ducts, and medullary collecting ducts.
820:
1911:
1864:
1366:
1638:
317:
The initial collecting tubule is a segment with a constitution similar as the collecting duct, but before the convergence with other tubules.
579:
on the collecting tubule). Increases in aldosterone increase expression of luminal sodium channels. Aldosterone also increases the number of
362:
The outer segment of the medullary collecting duct follows the cortical collecting duct. It reaches the level of the renal medulla where the
1251:"Subtypes of intercalated cells in rat kidney collecting duct defined by antibodies against erythroid band 3 and renal vacuolar H+-ATPase"
2374:
2369:
823:
mediates the regulation of secretion of acid by alpha cells in acidosis, and secretion of bicarbonate by beta cells in alkalosis.
187:(a and b respectively), the circular structures, are formed by simple columnar epithelium (a) and simple cuboidal epithelium (b).
1859: – Histology Learning System at Boston University – "Urinary System: kidney, H&E, collecting duct and ascending tubule"
1853: – Histology Learning System at Boston University – "Urinary System: kidney, medulla, collecting duct and ascending tubule"
1614:
922:
367:
363:
1484:
Christensen, Birgitte Mønster; Marples, David; Kim, Young-Hee; Wang, Weidong; Frøkiær, Jørgen; Nielsen, Søren (2004-04-01).
1904:
725:
For their contribution to acid–base homeostasis, the intercalated cells play important roles in the kidney's response to
451:
The cells that comprise the duct itself are similar to rest of the collecting system. The duct is lined by a layer of
1190:
1097:
1058:
1033:
1005:
980:
955:
2171:
1879:
1129:"Early Effect of Aldosterone on the Rate of Synthesis of the Epithelial Sodium Channel a Subunit in A6 Renal Cells"
2411:
2181:
2176:
1897:
1843:
351:(less so than the cortical collecting ducts), the latter largely determining its function in water reabsorption.
1532:
2338:
2263:
2143:
2039:
676:
656:
372:
The inner segment is the part of the collecting duct system between the outer segment and the papillary ducts.
320:
The "cortical collecting ducts" receive filtrate from multiple initial collecting tubules and descend into the
2069:
496:
83:
299:
may arch upward, forming an arcade. It is this "arcuate" feature which gives the tubule its alternate name.
2123:
2029:
1113:
1074:
917:. Sharma, Ram, Britton, Robert. (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 50–51.
705:
639:
1549:
Himmel, Nathaniel J.; Wang, Yirong; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Sun, Michael A.; Blount, Mitsi A. (2018-04-18).
1127:
May, Anne; Puoti, Alessandro; Gaeggeler, Hans-Peter; Horisberger, Jean-Daniel; Rossier, Bernard C (1997).
2381:
1820:
1658:"Hensin, a new collecting duct protein involved in the in vitro plasticity of intercalated cell polarity"
2161:
1872:
1642:
1374:
464:
452:
2356:
2333:
2240:
847:
832:
608:
425:
411:
2188:
418:. Papillary ducts continue the work of water reabsorption and electrolyte balance initiated in the
288:
71:
1486:"Changes in cellular composition of kidney collecting duct cells in rats with lithium-induced NDI"
2454:
2064:
1998:
559:
The principal cell mediates the collecting duct's influence on sodium and potassium balance via
499:
the papillary duct is to water and electrolytes. In the medullary collecting duct specifically,
2289:
1976:
1318:"Intercalated cell subtypes in connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct of rat and mouse"
734:
296:
95:
2391:
2044:
580:
1856:
1850:
2253:
1839:
1262:
766:
757:
and fluid balance. In humans, the system accounts for 4–5% of the kidney's reabsorption of
348:
303:
8:
2416:
2361:
2118:
2113:
2049:
2034:
1551:"Chronic lithium treatment induces novel patterns of pendrin localization and expression"
1128:
745:
176:
Simple columnar epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium in the collecting ducts of the
1266:
753:
The collecting duct system is the final component of the kidney to influence the body's
2401:
2084:
1632:
1583:
1550:
1524:
1466:
1231:
1107:
1068:
874:"The connecting tubule: a functional subdivision of the rabbit distal nephron segments"
419:
1682:
1657:
1293:
1250:
749:
Diagram outlining movement of ions in nephron, with the collecting ducts on the right.
2396:
2198:
2013:
1825:
1687:
1620:
1610:
1588:
1570:
1516:
1508:
1458:
1450:
1415:
1407:
1347:
1339:
1298:
1280:
1223:
1186:
1153:
1093:
1054:
1029:
1001:
976:
951:
928:
918:
895:
564:
456:
206:
184:
2450:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
1528:
1470:
1235:
2310:
2133:
2079:
1677:
1669:
1578:
1562:
1500:
1442:
1399:
1329:
1288:
1270:
1215:
1143:
885:
546:. The inner medullary collecting ducts contain an additional cell type, called the
504:
437:
403:
599:
2328:
2299:
2105:
1993:
568:
460:
399:
390:
287:) is the most proximal part of the collecting duct system. It is adjacent to the
268:
251:
76:
1889:
1566:
1446:
1403:
777:
of ADH, water in the renal filtrate is left alone to enter the urine, promoting
2428:
2421:
2406:
2320:
2203:
1971:
1921:
1504:
560:
429:
1624:
1316:
Kim, J.; Kim, Y. H.; Cha, J. H.; Tisher, C. C.; Madsen, K. M. (January 1999).
607:
Intercalated cells come in α, β, and non-α non-β varieties and participate in
491:(concentration of electrically charged chemicals) of the surrounding medulla.
2443:
2315:
2215:
2210:
2166:
1966:
1949:
1816:
1574:
1512:
1454:
1411:
1343:
1284:
932:
433:
344:
321:
233:
232:
Receives filtrate from the initial collecting tubules, and descends into the
137:
1275:
1249:
Alper, S. L.; Natale, J.; Gluck, S.; Lodish, H. F.; Brown, D. (1989-07-01).
778:
733:. Damage to the α-intercalated cell's ability to secrete acid can result in
2248:
2230:
2153:
2074:
2024:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1592:
1520:
1462:
1419:
809:
643:
508:
310:. Because of this, some sources group the connecting tubule as part of the
307:
292:
141:
129:
1691:
1351:
1302:
1227:
1157:
2225:
2220:
1983:
1148:
899:
813:
797:
754:
709:
701:
686:
648:
635:
584:
583:
pumps that allow increased sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
572:
500:
484:
480:
441:
415:
332:
153:
149:
133:
125:
2059:
1988:
1219:
890:
873:
512:
488:
468:
1673:
1334:
1317:
792:
allow for the reabsorption of this water, thereby inhibiting diuresis.
528:
Each component of the collecting duct system contains two cell types,
101:
2258:
2138:
805:
789:
730:
588:
145:
2128:
1053:. Baltimore, MD 21201: Lippincott & Wilkins. pp. 383–399.
801:
796:
The collecting duct system participates in the regulation of other
726:
492:
476:
340:
428:
converge to form a central (papillary) duct near the apex of each
212:
Connects distal convoluted tubule to the cortical collecting duct
120:
consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect
2348:
2096:
2003:
713:
672:
384:
311:
121:
1092:. Baltimore, MD 21201: Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 167–172.
945:
2281:
1929:
758:
652:
395:
336:
180:
117:
47:
507:. This increases the concentration of urea in the surrounding
445:
407:
328:
59:
1126:
697:
631:
576:
314:, rather than grouping it with the collecting duct system.
172:
28:
1483:
575:
determines expression of sodium channels (especially the
471:
near the junction of a papillary duct and a minor calyx.
177:
1656:
Takito, J; Hikita, C; Al-Awqati, Q (15 November 1996).
432:. This "papillary duct" exits the renal pyramid at the
1548:
1432:
1248:
1655:
975:(updated ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
973:
Medical
Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach
853:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
1180:
1919:
1388:
950:(6th ed.). Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
347:(more so than the cortical collecting ducts) and
2441:
1555:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1435:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1392:American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology
1205:
1185:(11 ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
536:For the tubules, this specific cell type is the
1493:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
1315:
1255:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1208:Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
912:
467:of the collecting duct system transitions into
33:Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply.
306:, but the rest of the system derives from the
1905:
1729:
1727:
1322:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1176:
1174:
1136:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
1048:
826:
354:
946:Eaton, Douglas C.; Pooler, John P. (2004).
191:The segments of the system are as follows:
1912:
1898:
1766:
1724:
1637:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1607:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
1171:
459:. The epithelium is composed primarily of
1681:
1582:
1333:
1292:
1274:
1147:
889:
1181:Guyton, Arthur C.; John E. Hall (2006).
1087:
744:
598:
171:
1023:
995:
302:The connecting tubule derives from the
2442:
1815:This article incorporates text in the
1649:
915:Embryology: an illustrated colour text
871:
603:Image depicting an α intercalated cell
148:, processes regulated by the hormones
132:. The collecting duct participates in
1893:
1662:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
970:
594:
394:. Papillary ducts represent the most
368:thick ascending limb of loop of Henle
364:thin descending limb of loop of Henle
327:It participates in the regulation of
236:, forming medullary collecting ducts
1019:
1017:
548:inner medullary collecting duct cell
542:For the collecting ducts, it is the
324:to form medullary collecting ducts.
262:
183:. The walls of the large and small
13:
554:
532:and a segment-specific cell type:
14:
2466:
1862:
1833:
1364:
1051:Color Atlas and Text of Histology
1014:
1000:. McGraw-Hill. pp. 385–403.
383:are anatomical structures of the
375:
291:, the most distal segment of the
1809:
819:An extracellular protein called
27:
1792:
1779:
1753:
1740:
1711:
1698:
1599:
1542:
1477:
1426:
1382:
1358:
1309:
1242:
1199:
1049:Gartner, Leslie; Hiatt (2014).
694:non-α non-β intercalated cells
343:. The CNT is sensitive to both
222:Before convergence of nephrons
2264:Extraglomerular mesangial cell
2144:Intraglomerular mesangial cell
1869:Essentials of Human Physiology
1371:Essentials of Human Physiology
1183:Textbook of Medical Physiology
1120:
1081:
1042:
989:
964:
939:
906:
865:
511:and increases the osmolarity.
463:and α-intercalated cells. The
1:
858:
735:distal renal tubular acidosis
587:determines the expression of
2124:Glomerular basement membrane
1880:Types of tubules at ndif.org
1028:. McGraw-Hill. p. 400.
381:Papillary (collecting) ducts
162:
7:
1823:of the 20th edition of
1567:10.1152/ajprenal.00065.2018
1447:10.1152/ajprenal.00147.2002
1404:10.1152/ajprenal.00037.2002
1026:Junqueira's Basic Histology
998:Junqueira's Basic Histology
841:
740:
167:
10:
2471:
2162:Proximal convoluted tubule
1885:Diagram (#31) at benet.org
1865:"Section 7/7ch03/7ch03p18"
1847:"Collecting Duct (Kidney)"
1505:10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2003
1367:"Section 7/7ch07/7ch07p17"
830:
465:simple columnar epithelium
453:simple columnar epithelium
426:Medullary collecting ducts
412:medullary collecting ducts
387:, previously known as the
242:medullary collecting ducts
2357:Internal urethral orifice
2347:
2334:Median umbilical ligament
2298:
2280:
2241:Juxtaglomerular apparatus
2239:
2152:
2104:
2095:
2012:
1937:
1928:
1857:Histology image: 16013loa
1851:Histology image: 15803loa
1024:Mescher, Anthony (2013).
996:Mescher, Anthony (2013).
971:Boron, Walter F. (2005).
948:Vander's Renal Physiology
848:Collecting duct carcinoma
833:Collecting duct carcinoma
827:Collecting duct carcinoma
440:it carries drains into a
355:Medullary collecting duct
228:cortical collecting ducts
218:initial collecting tubule
94:
82:
70:
65:tubulus renalis colligens
58:
53:
43:
38:
26:
21:
2189:Distal convoluted tubule
1112:: CS1 maint: location (
1088:Costanzo, Linda (2011).
1073:: CS1 maint: location (
913:Mitchell, B. S. (2009).
523:
289:distal convoluted tubule
156:(antidiuretic hormone).
2065:Peritubular capillaries
1276:10.1073/pnas.86.14.5429
769:(ADH, or vasopressin).
297:juxtamedullary nephrons
2290:Ureteropelvic junction
2194:Collecting duct system
1977:medullary interstitium
1379:– "Intercalated Cells"
750:
604:
567:located on the cell's
538:connecting tubule cell
188:
114:collecting duct system
96:Anatomical terminology
22:Collecting duct system
2254:Juxtaglomerular cells
1641:) CS1 maint: others (
748:
675:a specialised apical
609:acid–base homeostasis
602:
175:
1149:10.1681/ASN.V8121813
767:antidiuretic hormone
668:β-intercalated cells
628:α-intercalated cells
517:Osmolarity increases
349:antidiuretic hormone
304:metanephric blastema
285:arcuate renal tubule
267:With respect to the
2417:Lacunae of Morgagni
2362:Urethral sphincters
1267:1989PNAS...86.5429A
505:urea transporter A1
128:or directly to the
1220:10.1007/BF00584753
891:10.1038/ki.1979.46
751:
685:acid (via a basal
605:
595:Intercalated cells
565:potassium channels
530:intercalated cells
455:resting on a thin
420:collecting tubules
189:
185:connecting tubules
2437:
2436:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2199:Connecting tubule
1863:Nosek, Thomas M.
1840:Histology at KUMC
1674:10.1172/JCI119044
1616:978-1-259-64403-0
1365:Nosek, Thomas M.
1335:10.1681/ASN.V1011
1261:(14): 5429–5433.
1142:(12): 1813–1822.
924:978-0-7020-5081-7
723:
722:
671:bicarbonate (via
642:) in the form of
457:basement membrane
414:and empty into a
366:borders with the
281:junctional tubule
273:connecting tubule
263:Connecting tubule
260:
259:
207:connecting tubule
110:
109:
105:
2462:
2311:Vesical arteries
2134:Filtration slits
2119:Bowman's capsule
2102:
2101:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1871:. Archived from
1813:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1628:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1586:
1561:(2): F313–F322.
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1531:. Archived from
1499:(4): C952–C964.
1490:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1441:(1): F229–F241.
1430:
1424:
1423:
1398:(4): F744–F754.
1386:
1380:
1378:
1373:. Archived from
1362:
1356:
1355:
1337:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1278:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1151:
1133:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1021:
1012:
1011:
993:
987:
986:
968:
962:
961:
943:
937:
936:
910:
904:
903:
893:
869:
821:hensin (protein)
655:, a basolateral
614:
613:
194:
193:
102:edit on Wikidata
99:
31:
19:
18:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2412:navicular fossa
2343:
2329:Detrusor muscle
2294:
2268:
2235:
2182:Thick ascending
2148:
2106:Renal corpuscle
2091:
2008:
1994:Cortical lobule
1924:
1920:Anatomy of the
1918:
1844:epithel-epith04
1836:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1668:(10): 2324–31.
1654:
1650:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1431:
1427:
1387:
1383:
1363:
1359:
1314:
1310:
1247:
1243:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1086:
1082:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1022:
1015:
1008:
994:
990:
983:
969:
965:
958:
944:
940:
925:
911:
907:
872:Imai M (1979).
870:
866:
861:
844:
835:
829:
743:
700:(via an apical
680:
660:
634:(via an apical
597:
569:apical membrane
561:sodium channels
557:
555:Principal cells
526:
461:principal cells
410:) from several
402:. They receive
400:collecting duct
398:portion of the
378:
357:
269:renal corpuscle
265:
252:papillary ducts
170:
165:
106:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2455:Kidney anatomy
2452:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2429:Urinary meatus
2426:
2425:
2424:
2422:urethral gland
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:Vaginal artery
2318:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
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2256:
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2237:
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2204:Papillary duct
2201:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2177:Thin ascending
2174:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
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2027:
2018:
2016:
2010:
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1991:
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1974:
1964:
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1941:
1939:
1932:
1926:
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1922:urinary system
1917:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:on 2016-03-24.
1860:
1854:
1848:
1835:
1834:External links
1832:
1826:Gray's Anatomy
1805:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1739:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1648:
1615:
1598:
1541:
1538:on 2019-02-19.
1476:
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1381:
1377:on 2016-03-24.
1357:
1308:
1241:
1214:(1–2): 81–92.
1198:
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556:
553:
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551:
544:principal cell
540:
525:
522:
438:renal filtrate
434:renal papillae
406:(precursor to
404:renal filtrate
377:
376:Papillary duct
374:
356:
353:
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2392:pre-prostatic
2390:
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2388:Male urethra
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2316:Vesical veins
2314:
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2219:
2217:
2216:Renal papilla
2214:
2212:
2211:Tubular fluid
2209:
2205:
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2200:
2197:
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2195:
2192:
2190:
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2180:
2178:
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2167:Loop of Henle
2165:
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1999:Medullary ray
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978:
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884:(4): 346–56.
883:
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810:hydrogen ions
807:
803:
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747:
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715:
711:
707:
706:H/K exchanger
703:
699:
696:
693:
692:
688:
684:
681:
674:
670:
667:
666:
662:
654:
650:
647:
645:
644:hydrogen ions
641:
640:H/K exchanger
637:
633:
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627:
626:
622:
619:
616:
615:
612:
610:
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592:
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586:
582:
581:Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
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545:
541:
539:
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534:
533:
531:
521:
518:
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498:
495:regulate how
494:
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486:
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478:
472:
470:
466:
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458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:renal pyramid
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:
386:
382:
373:
370:
369:
365:
360:
352:
350:
346:
345:isoprotenerol
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
322:renal medulla
318:
315:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
256:
254:
253:
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248:
245:
243:
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235:
234:renal medulla
231:
229:
226:
225:
221:
219:
216:
215:
211:
209:
208:
204:
203:
199:
196:
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186:
182:
179:
174:
160:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:fluid balance
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
103:
97:
93:
90:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
52:
49:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
16:Kidney system
2402:intermediate
2307:Circulation
2249:Macula densa
2231:Renal pelvis
2193:
2154:Renal tubule
2045:interlobular
2025:Renal artery
1873:the original
1868:
1842:
1828:
1814:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1606:
1601:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1533:the original
1496:
1492:
1479:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1375:the original
1370:
1360:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1182:
1161:. Retrieved
1139:
1135:
1122:
1089:
1083:
1050:
1044:
1025:
997:
991:
972:
966:
947:
941:
914:
908:
881:
877:
867:
836:
818:
800:, including
798:electrolytes
795:
785:
784:When ADH is
774:
763:
752:
724:
617:Type of cell
606:
558:
547:
543:
537:
529:
527:
516:
509:interstitium
503:upregulates
473:
450:
424:
388:
380:
379:
371:
361:
358:
335:, including
333:electrolytes
326:
319:
316:
308:ureteric bud
301:
293:renal tubule
284:
280:
276:
272:
266:
250:
241:
227:
217:
205:
200:Description
190:
158:
142:reabsorption
130:renal pelvis
113:
111:
64:
2226:Major calyx
2221:Minor calyx
2014:Circulation
1798:Peyromaure
1328:(1): 1–12.
1163:21 November
814:bicarbonate
755:electrolyte
710:bicarbonate
649:bicarbonate
585:Vasopressin
573:Aldosterone
501:vasopressin
485:vasopressin
481:aldosterone
442:minor calyx
416:minor calyx
154:vasopressin
150:aldosterone
134:electrolyte
126:minor calyx
54:Identifiers
2444:Categories
2172:Descending
2114:Glomerulus
2080:interlobar
2070:Vasa recta
2060:Renal vein
2035:interlobar
1746:Pickhardt
1625:1029074059
1090:Physiology
878:Kidney Int
859:References
790:aquaporins
623:Reabsorbs
513:Osmolarity
489:osmolarity
487:) and the
469:urothelium
2397:prostatic
2366:External
2259:Mesangium
2139:Mesangium
2030:segmental
2021:Arteries
1821:page 1223
1785:Milowsky
1633:cite book
1575:1931-857X
1513:0363-6143
1455:1931-857X
1412:1931-857X
1344:1046-6673
1285:0027-8424
1108:cite book
1069:cite book
933:787843894
806:potassium
731:alkalosis
661:exchanger
589:aquaporin
497:permeable
389:ducts of
163:Structure
146:excretion
2382:Internal
2323:(female)
2129:Podocyte
2085:efferent
2050:afferent
1972:pyramids
1717:Rumpelt
1704:Kennedy
1593:29667915
1529:20227998
1521:14613889
1471:22831140
1463:12388426
1420:12217866
1236:24655136
842:See also
802:chloride
779:diuresis
741:Function
727:acidosis
702:H-ATPase
687:H-ATPase
636:H-ATPase
620:Secretes
493:Hormones
477:hormones
341:chloride
197:Segment
168:Segments
140:through
122:nephrons
44:Location
2349:Urethra
2339:Trigone
2300:Bladder
2282:Ureters
2097:Nephron
2075:arcuate
2040:arcuate
2004:Nephron
1967:Medulla
1950:Capsule
1930:Kidneys
1772:Tokuda
1763:, 2002b
1733:Carter
1692:8941650
1584:6139525
1352:9890303
1303:2526338
1263:Bibcode
1228:2441357
1158:9402082
786:present
775:absence
773:In the
714:pendrin
673:pendrin
391:Bellini
385:kidneys
312:nephron
116:of the
77:D007685
39:Details
2407:spongy
2375:female
2056:Veins
1960:column
1955:Cortex
1945:Fascia
1938:Layers
1829:(1918)
1802:, 2003
1800:et al.
1789:, 2002
1787:et al.
1776:, 2004
1774:et al.
1761:et al.
1750:, 2001
1748:et al.
1737:, 1992
1735:et al.
1721:, 1991
1719:et al.
1708:, 1990
1706:et al.
1690:
1683:507683
1680:
1623:
1613:
1591:
1581:
1573:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1418:
1410:
1350:
1342:
1301:
1294:297636
1291:
1283:
1234:
1226:
1189:
1156:
1096:
1057:
1032:
1004:
979:
954:
931:
921:
900:513494
898:
812:, and
759:sodium
708:) and
677:Cl/HCO
657:Cl/HCO
653:band 3
436:. The
396:distal
339:, and
337:sodium
271:, the
181:kidney
118:kidney
89:265239
48:Kidney
1984:Sinus
1819:from
1759:Chao
1536:(PDF)
1525:S2CID
1489:(PDF)
1467:S2CID
1232:S2CID
1132:(PDF)
712:(via
651:(via
524:Cells
446:urine
408:urine
329:water
283:, or
279:, or
124:to a
100:[
60:Latin
2370:male
1989:Lobe
1688:PMID
1643:link
1639:link
1621:OCLC
1611:ISBN
1589:PMID
1571:ISSN
1517:PMID
1509:ISSN
1459:PMID
1451:ISSN
1416:PMID
1408:ISSN
1348:PMID
1340:ISSN
1299:PMID
1281:ISSN
1224:PMID
1187:ISBN
1165:2017
1154:PMID
1114:link
1094:ISBN
1075:link
1055:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1002:ISBN
977:ISBN
952:ISBN
929:OCLC
919:ISBN
896:PMID
729:and
704:and
698:acid
638:and
632:acid
577:ENaC
563:and
331:and
152:and
144:and
136:and
112:The
72:MeSH
1678:PMC
1670:doi
1579:PMC
1563:doi
1559:315
1501:doi
1497:286
1443:doi
1439:284
1400:doi
1396:283
1330:doi
1289:PMC
1271:doi
1216:doi
1212:409
1144:doi
886:doi
444:as
277:CNT
178:pig
84:FMA
2446::
1867:.
1726:^
1686:.
1676:.
1666:98
1664:.
1660:.
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1631:{{
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894:.
882:15
880:.
876:.
816:.
808:,
804:,
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716:)
689:)
682:)
663:)
611:.
571:.
483:,
448:.
422:.
1913:e
1906:t
1899:v
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1672::
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1473:.
1445::
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1010:.
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888::
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679:3
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479:(
275:(
104:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
