1231:
1119:
1137:
456:
1072:
522:, becomes difficult to ignore. Once the voluntary signal to begin voiding has been issued, neurons in the pontine micturition center fire maximally, causing excitation of sacral preganglionic neurons. The firing of these neurons causes the wall of the bladder to contract; as a result, a sudden, sharp rise in intravesical pressure occurs. The pontine micturition center also causes inhibition of Onuf's nucleus, resulting in relaxation of the external urinary sphincter. When the external urinary sphincter is relaxed urine is released from the urinary bladder when the pressure there is great enough to force urine to flow out of the urethra. The micturition reflex normally produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder.
1032:
68:
410:
brain and the firing rate of sensory fibers from the bladder and urethra. At low bladder volumes, afferent firing is low, resulting in excitation of the outlet (the sphincter and urethra), and relaxation of the bladder. At high bladder volumes, afferent firing increases, causing a conscious sensation of urinary urge. Individual ready to urinate consciously initiates voiding, causing the bladder to contract and the outlet to relax. Voiding continues until the bladder empties completely, at which point the bladder relaxes and the outlet contracts to re-initiate storage. The muscles controlling micturition are controlled by the
363:
1850:
1087:
853:, the bladder is flaccid and distended for a while. Gradually, however, the muscle of the "decentralized bladder" becomes active, with many contraction waves that expel dribbles of urine out of the urethra. The bladder becomes shrunken and the bladder wall hypertrophied. The reason for the difference between the small, hypertrophic bladder seen in this condition and the distended, hypotonic bladder seen when only the afferent nerves are interrupted is not known. The hyperactive state in the former condition suggests the development of denervation hypersensitization even though the neurons interrupted are
877:). After spinal shock has passed, a spinally mediated voiding reflex ensues, although there is no voluntary control and no inhibition or facilitation from higher centers. Some paraplegic patients train themselves to initiate voiding by pinching or stroking their thighs, provoking a mild mass reflex. In some instances, the voiding reflex becomes hyperactive. Bladder capacity is reduced and the wall becomes hypertrophied. This type of bladder is sometimes called the spastic neurogenic bladder. The reflex hyperactivity is made worse, and may be caused, by infection in the bladder wall.
443:
1104:
1730:
1879:
485:, which states that the pressure in a spherical viscus is equal to twice the wall tension divided by the radius. In the case of the bladder, the tension increases as the organ fills, but so does the radius. Therefore, the pressure increase is slight until the organ is relatively full. The bladder's smooth muscle has some inherent contractile activity; however, when its nerve supply is intact, stretch receptors in the bladder wall initiate a reflex contraction that has a lower threshold than the inherent contractile response of the muscle.
1257:(port-a-potties) are frequently placed in outdoor situations where no immediate facility is available. These need to be serviced (cleaned out) on a regular basis. Urination in a heavily wooded area is generally harmless, actually saves water, and may be condoned for males (and less commonly, females) in certain situations as long as common sense is used. Examples (depending on circumstances) include activities such as camping, hiking, delivery driving, cross country running, rural fishing, amateur baseball, golf, etc.
1861:
1430:
1055:
1832:
253:
1870:
905:
600:
47:
1787:, a type of rodent, will stand on his hind legs and urinate on a female's rump, to which the female may respond by spraying a jet of urine backwards into the face of the male. The male's urination is meant to repel other males from his partner while the female's urination is a rejection of any approaching male when she is not receptive. Both anal digging and urination are more frequent during the breeding season and are more commonly done by males.
824:, also known as shy bladder syndrome, is an example of a bladder interruption from the brain that often causes total interruption until the person has left a public area. These people (males) may have difficulty urinating in the presence of others and will consequently avoid using urinals without dividers or those directly adjacent to another person. Alternatively, they may opt for the privacy of a stall or simply avoid public toilets altogether.
1564:
759:
1841:
551:
which amplifies gravitational force (hence flow rate), and increased urethra width, which increases flow rate. For smaller mammals a different phenomenon occurs, where urine is discharged as droplets, and urination in smaller mammals, such as mice and rats, can occur in less than a second. The posited benefits of faster voiding are decreased risk of predation (while voiding) and decreased risk of urinary tract infection.
238:
226:
2889:
1375:
376:
489:
afferent signals cause relaxation of the bladder by inhibiting sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and exciting lumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Conversely, afferent input causes contraction of the sphincter through excitation of Onuf's nucleus, and contraction of the bladder neck and urethra through excitation of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
585:
bladder comes from the bladder itself, and can be felt there as well. In females the need to urinate is felt in the lower abdomen region when the bladder is full. When the bladder becomes too full, the sphincter muscles will involuntarily relax, allowing urine to pass from the bladder. Release of urine is experienced as a lessening of the discomfort.
568:
There is another facilitatory area in the posterior hypothalamus. In humans with lesions in the superior frontal gyrus, the desire to urinate is reduced and there is also difficulty in stopping micturition once it has commenced. However, stimulation experiments in animals indicate that other cortical areas also affect the process.
912:
910:
907:
906:
4190:
911:
1760:, though uraphagia refers to the consumption of urine regardless of whether the context is sexual. Involuntary urination during sexual intercourse is common, but rarely acknowledged. In one survey, 24% of women reported involuntary urination during sexual intercourse; in 66% of patients urination occurred on
409:
In healthy individuals, the lower urinary tract has two discrete phases of activity: the storage (or guarding) phase, when urine is stored in the bladder; and the voiding phase, when urine is released through the urethra. The state of the reflex system is dependent on both a conscious signal from the
1348:
Techniques and body postures while urinating vary across cultures. Different anatomical conditions in men and women may presume different postures, yet these are largely shaped by cultural norms, types of clothing, and the sanitary facilities available. While sitting toilets are the most common form
575:
aids the expulsion of urine by increasing the pressure applied to the urinary bladder wall, but voiding can be initiated without straining even when the bladder is nearly empty. Voiding can also be consciously interrupted once it has begun, through a contraction of the perineal muscles. The external
567:
There is an inhibitory area for micturition in the midbrain. After transection of the brain stem just above the pons, the threshold is lowered and less bladder filling is required to trigger it, whereas after transection at the top of the midbrain, the threshold for the reflex is essentially normal.
1804:
In 2010 in
Washington state, a person who had died had received burns injuries on their body that were related to receiving an electric shock. It is thought that an electric current had traveled through their stream of urine and into their body. It is thought that the person had urinated into a
1295:
There was a popular belief in the UK, that it was legal for a man to urinate in public so long as it occurred on the rear wheel of his vehicle and he had his right hand on the vehicle, but this is not true. Public urination still remains more accepted by males in the UK, although
British cultural
550:
For land mammals over 1 kilogram, the duration of urination does not vary with body mass, being dispersed around an average of 21 seconds (standard deviation 13 seconds), despite a 4 order of magnitude (1000×) difference in bladder volume. This is due to increased urethra length of large animals,
1250:
varies with the situation and with customs. Potential disadvantages include a dislike of the smell of urine, and exposure of genitals. It can be avoided or mitigated by going to a quiet place and/or facing a tree or wall if urinating standing up, or while squatting, hiding the back behind walls,
819:
There are three major types of bladder dysfunction due to neural lesions: (1) the type due to interruption of the afferent nerves from the bladder; (2) the type due to interruption of both afferent and efferent nerves; and (3) the type due to interruption of facilitatory and inhibitory pathways
584:
The need to urinate is experienced as an uncomfortable, full feeling. It is highly correlated with the fullness of the bladder. In many males the feeling of the need to urinate can be sensed at the base of the penis as well as the bladder, even though the neural activity associated with a full
346:
which contains a superficial layer of dome-like cells and multiple layers of stratified cuboidal cells underneath when evacuated. When the bladder is fully distended the superficial cells become squamous (flat) and the stratification of the cuboidal cells is reduced in order to provide lateral
488:
Action potentials carried by sensory neurons from stretch receptors in the urinary bladder wall travel to the sacral segments of the spinal cord through the pelvic nerves. Since bladder wall stretch is low during the storage phase, these afferent neurons fire at low frequencies. Low-frequency
426:
In infants, voiding occurs involuntarily (as a reflex). The ability to voluntarily inhibit micturition develops by the age of two–three years, as control at higher levels of the central nervous system develops. In the adult, the volume of urine in the bladder that normally initiates a reflex
909:
936:/urinary tract is damaged, other urination techniques must be used. Most often in such cases, doctors will reposition the urethra to a location where urination can still be accomplished, usually in a position that would promote urination only while seated/squatting, though a permanent
397:
The physiology of micturition and the physiologic basis of its disorders are subjects about which there is much confusion, especially at the supraspinal level. Micturition is fundamentally a spinobulbospinal reflex facilitated and inhibited by higher brain centers such as the
1276:
In many places, public urination is punishable by fines, though attitudes vary widely by country. In general, females are less likely to urinate in public than males. Women and girls, unlike men and boys, are restricted in where they can urinate conveniently and discreetly.
1800:
In 2008 in London, a person died when they were urinating alongside a railway track at a train station and they received an electric shock. The person received the electric shock when their stream of urine connected with the electric current from the live third rail.
2218:
Rajaofetra N, Passagia JG, Marlier L, Poulat P, Pellas F, Sandillon F, Verschuere B, Gouy D, Geffard M, Privat A (1992). "Serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and peptidergic innervation of Onuf's nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons (Papio papio)".
3286:
de Jong Y, Pinckaers J, ten Brinck R, Lycklama à Nijeholt A (February 2014). "Invloed van mictiehouding op urodynamische parameters bij mannen: een literatuuronderzoek" [Influence of voiding posture on urodynamic parameters in men: a literature review].
1365:
are available in some countries, recently becoming more common in
Western countries. With the spread of pants among women, a standing posture became impractical, but in some regions where women wear traditional skirts or robes, an upright posture is common.
1260:
The more developed and crowded a place is, the more public urination tends to be objectionable. In the countryside, it is more acceptable than in a street in a town, where it may be a common transgression. Often this is done after the consumption of
2561:
Jung SY, Fraser MO, Ozawa H, Yokoyama O, Yoshiyama M, De Groat WC, Chancellor MB (July 1999). "Urethral afferent nerve activity affects the micturition reflex; implication for the relationship between stress incontinence and detrusor instability".
1020:
is a figure in a work of art depicted as a prepubescent boy in the act of urinating, either actual or simulated. The puer mingens could represent anything from whimsy and boyish innocence to erotic symbols of virility and masculine bravado.
1308:, or to turn one's back to it when urinating or relieving bowels, but modesty requirements for females make it impossible for girls to relieve themselves without facilities. When toilets are unavailable, females can relieve themselves in
2151:
Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Burgio KL, Chai TC, Clemens JQ, Culkin DJ, Das AK, Foster HE, Scarpero HM, Tessier CD, Vasavada SP (December 2012). "Diagnosis and
Treatment of Overactive Bladder (Non-Neurogenic) in Adults: AUA/SUFU Guideline".
1118:
4071:
836:
in humans, all reflex contractions of the bladder are abolished. The bladder becomes distended, thin-walled, and hypotonic, but there are some contractions because of the intrinsic response of the smooth muscle to stretch.
422:
stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. The external urethral sphincter (sphincter urethrae) is under somatic control and is consciously relaxed during micturition.
1507:
Other expressions include "squirting" and "taking a leak", and, predominantly by younger persons for outdoor female urination, "popping a squat", referring to the position many women adopt in such circumstances. National
2517:
Sie JA, Blok BF, de Weerd H, Holstege G (2001). "Ultrastructural evidence for direct projections from the pontine micturition center to glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the sacral dorsal gray commissure in the cat".
1327:
Women generally need to urinate more frequently than men, but as opposed to the common misconception, it is not due to having smaller bladders. Resisting the urge to urinate because of lack of facilities can promote
563:
to initiate its contraction. Another possibility is the excitation or disinhibition of neurons in the pontine micturition center, which causes concurrent contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the sphincter.
318:
constitute the main afferent limb of the voiding reflex; the parasympathetic fibers to the bladder that constitute the excitatory efferent limb also travel in these nerves. Part of the urethra is surrounded by the
495:(production of urine by the kidney) occurs constantly, and as the bladder becomes full, afferent firing increases, yet the micturition reflex can be voluntarily inhibited until it is appropriate to begin voiding.
342:, although they do not encircle the urethra. Further along the urethra is a sphincter of skeletal muscle, the sphincter of the membranous urethra (external urethral sphincter). The bladder's epithelium is termed
1496:", but subsequently "pee", formerly associated with children, has become more common in general public speech. Since elimination of bodily wastes is, of necessity, a subject talked about with toddlers during
1484:
In many societies and in many social classes, even mentioning the need to urinate is seen as a social transgression, despite it being a universal need. Many adults avoid stating that they need to urinate.
1136:
908:
559:
The mechanism by which voluntary urination is initiated remains unsettled. One possibility is that the voluntary relaxation of the muscles of the pelvic floor causes a sufficient downward tug on the
3016:
The new ourselves, growing older: women aging with knowledge and power, Paula Brown Doress-Worters, Diana Laskin Siegal, Boston Women's Health Book
Collective, Simon & Schuster, 1994, Page 301
1410:
is regarded as the more efficient option among healthy males. In restrooms without urinals, and sometimes at home, men may be urged to use the sitting position as to diminish spattering of urine.
988:
It is possible for both sexes to urinate into bottles in case of emergencies. The technique can help children to urinate discreetly inside cars and in other places without being seen by others. A
820:
descending from the brain. In all three types the bladder contracts, but the contractions are generally not sufficient to empty the viscus completely, and residual urine is left in the bladder.
477:
During storage, bladder pressure stays low, because of the bladder's highly compliant nature. A plot of bladder (intravesical) pressure against the depressant of fluid in the bladder (called a
2474:
Blok BF, Holstege G (January 1994). "Direct projections from the periaqueductal gray to the pontine micturition center (M-region). An anterograde and retrograde tracing study in the cat".
1916:
sometimes has different characteristics. For example, the urine of birds and reptiles is whitish, consisting of a pastelike suspension of uric acid crystals, and discharged with the
2702:
Kinder M, Bastiaanssen E, Janknegt R, Marani E (September 1995). "Neuronal circuitry of the lower urinary tract; central and peripheral neuronal control of the micturition cycle".
2737:
Oliver S, Fowler C, Mundy A, Craggs M (2003). "Measuring the sensations of urge and bladder filling during cystometry in urge incontinence and the effects of neuromodulation".
1071:
1031:
3518:
1500:, other expressions considered suitable for use by and with children exist, and some continue to be used by adults, e.g. "weeing", "doing/having a wee-wee", "to tinkle", "
1808:
In 2014 in Spain, a person died while urinating on a lamp post when he received an electric shock, which may have traveled through the stream of urine and into his body.
571:
The bladder can be made to contract by voluntary facilitation of the spinal voiding reflex when it contains only a few milliliters of urine. Voluntary contraction of the
985:, etc.) is a special disposable bag containing absorbent material that solidifies the urine within seconds, making it convenient and safe to store and dispose of later.
1460:
Females may also urinate while standing, and while clothed. It is common for women in various regions of Africa to use this position when they urinate, as do women in
1192:
It is socially more accepted and more environmentally hygienic for those who are able, especially when indoors and in outdoor urban or suburban areas, to urinate in a
4159:
896:
A common technique used in many developing nations involves holding the child by the backs of the thighs, above the ground, facing outward, in order to urinate.
1536:
for a large splash of liquid. One of the most common, albeit old-fashioned, euphemisms in
British English is "to spend a penny", a reference to coin-operated
4587:
3540:
1230:
2871:
1417:
enlargement may benefit from sitting down to urinate, with the seated voiding position found superior as compared with standing in elderly males with
4818:
176:
in infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.
3315:
3452:
2995:
3573:
525:
The flow of urine through the urethra has an overall excitatory role in micturition, which helps sustain voiding until the bladder is empty.
4097:
3242:
Toiletten und
Urinale für Frauen und Männer: die Gestaltung von Sanitärobjekten und ihre Verwendung in öffentlichen und privaten Bereichen.
2192:
1180:
is the process of learning to restrict urination to socially approved times and situations. Consequently, young children sometimes develop
3063:
324:
3711:
414:
and somatic nervous systems. During the storage phase, the internal urethral sphincter remains tense and the detrusor muscle relaxed by
1752:
by looking at or thinking of urine or urination. Urine may be consumed, or the person may bathe in it; this is known colloquially as a
1553:
3343:"Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
320:
4580:
3555:
1492:
and some vulgar. For example, centuries ago the standard
English word (both noun and verb, for the product and the activity) was "
1273:, which is disguised as a normal manhole by day but raises out of the ground at night to provide a public restroom for bar-goers.
1386:
Cultures around the world differ regarding socially accepted voiding positions and preferences: in the Middle-East and Asia, the
3215:
3193:
2188:
1054:
5645:
5590:
5476:
1103:
2641:
2531:
4811:
4489:
4470:
4301:
4274:
4241:
4045:
4011:
3977:
3943:
3909:
3809:
3692:
3267:
3159:
3134:
2445:
2316:
2282:
2108:
2074:
2034:
2907:
503:
Voiding begins when a voluntary signal is sent from the brain to begin urination, and continues until the bladder is empty.
4291:
1996:
1897:, urination often serves a social purpose beyond the expulsion of waste material. In dogs and other animals, urination can
3899:
2844:
5681:
5595:
4573:
3799:
1676:(a worthless person; in non-slang usage the term refers to several species of ant whose colonies have a urine-like odor)
5227:
4231:
4167:
3070:
1086:
5441:
4128:
2616:
Yang PJ, Pham JC, Choo J, Hu DL (2013). "Law of
Urination: all mammals empty their bladders over the same duration".
1611:
806:
4660:
4440:
1593:
832:
When the sacral dorsal roots are cut in experimental animals or interrupted by diseases of the dorsal roots such as
788:
5605:
4804:
3556:"excuse yourself to go to the toilet politely - English Vocabulary - English - The Free Dictionary Language Forums"
1390:
was more prevalent, while in the
Western world the standing and sitting positions were more common. For practising
244:
3115:
Unveiling the Breath: One Woman's Journey Into Understanding Islam and Gender Equality, Donna Kennedy-Glans pg. 69
5193:
1446:
670:, an enlargement of the prostate that can cause urinary frequency, urgency, retention, and the dribbling of urine
3430:
2976:
2598:
1821:
1776:
1589:
1146:
784:
594:
419:
4035:
3737:
Hilton P (1988). "Urinary incontinence during sexual intercourse: a common, but rarely volunteered, symptom".
455:
4611:
3245:
3091:
1437:
In Western culture, females usually sit or squat for urination, depending on what type of toilet they use; a
873:, the bladder is flaccid and unresponsive. It becomes overfilled, and urine dribbles through the sphincters (
727:
978:
patient, when no toilet is available, or there is no other possibility to dispose of the urine immediately.
5461:
2435:
1780:
1407:
667:
4364:
Dirksen N, Langbein J, Schrader L, Puppe B, Elliffe D, Siebert K, Röttgen V, Matthews L (September 2021).
2822:
1003:, which uses suction to collect and recycle urine; the space toilet also has a receptacle for defecation.
427:
contraction is about 300–400 millilitres (11–14 imp fl oz; 10–14 US fl oz).
2272:
1418:
924:
in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The amniotic fluid is then recycled by fetal swallowing.
339:
2461:
1168:
Babies have little socialized control over urination within traditions or families that do not practice
1078:
5232:
5114:
4981:
4596:
1585:
780:
511:
482:
415:
399:
296:
196:
3867:
TABER B. E., MACDONALD D. W. (1984). "Scent dispersing papillae and associated behaviour in the mara,
3400:
3319:
1790:
A male porcupine urinates on a female porcupine prior to mating, spraying the urine at high velocity.
2996:"The war against wild toileting: is there any way to stop people weeing – and worse – in the street?"
1753:
1169:
1045:
1964:
Young cattle can be toilet-trained to urinate in a "latrine" where their urine can be collected for
1524:
lesson", derived from the tinkling sound of urination against the China porcelain of a toilet bowl.
481:), will show a very slight rise as the bladder is filled. This phenomenon is a manifestation of the
338:
Smooth muscle bundles pass on either side of the urethra, and these fibers are sometimes called the
5671:
5496:
5446:
5178:
4918:
3456:
1969:
1574:
1532:", "to piddle", "to splash (one's) boots", as well as "to have a slash", which originates from the
1297:
769:
694:
690:
547:, and, by some men, manual squeezing along the length of the penis to expel the rest of the urine.
411:
188:
3175:
1972:
from the animals' urine in countries such as the Netherlands, the United States, and New Zealand.
5400:
5359:
5344:
5309:
4775:
3408:
1578:
1473:
1337:
1329:
989:
967:
949:
937:
773:
673:
604:
576:
sphincter can be contracted voluntarily, which will prevent urine from passing down the urethra.
343:
315:
3241:
3045:
2934:
Simons P (2009). "Manliness and the Visual Semiotics of Bodily Fluids in Early Modern Culture".
1340:
are available to help women to urinate discreetly, as well to help them urinate while standing.
730:, a discoordination between the bladder and external urethral sphincter as a result of brain or
5676:
5630:
5615:
5048:
3967:
933:
544:
192:
184:
4001:
3074:
2098:
2024:
1805:
roadside ditch and a live wire that was lying in the ditch gave the person an electric shock.
5585:
5486:
5436:
5198:
4754:
4160:"Teenage reveller dies after being electrocuted while URINATING on lamp-post during festival"
3933:
3715:
2306:
2066:
1529:
874:
655:
67:
33:
29:
5501:
5349:
5242:
5168:
4377:
3631:
3609:
3354:
1965:
1509:
955:
664:, an inflammation of the prostate gland that can cause urinary frequency, urgency, and pain
620:
1849:
845:
When the afferent and efferent nerves are both destroyed, as they may be by tumors of the
8:
5600:
5451:
5395:
5158:
5023:
4739:
4441:"Cow pee is an environmental problem. But now scientists say calves can be potty-trained"
2462:"Relative contributions of urine and anal-sac secretions in scent marks of large felids."
1991:
1898:
715:
626:
507:
200:
4381:
3654:
3358:
362:
5666:
5549:
5314:
5268:
5124:
5028:
4913:
4525:
4500:
4366:"Learned control of urinary reflexes in cattle to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions"
4338:
4209:
3884:
3849:
3762:
3750:
3377:
3342:
2762:
2684:
2617:
2543:
2499:
2408:
2383:
2359:
2342:
2245:
1950:
1761:
1517:
1387:
1262:
1181:
1128:
731:
698:
649:
79:
4317:
Henry JD (1977). "The Use of Urine Marking in the Scavenging Behavior of the Red Fox (
3493:
3027:
5273:
5263:
5148:
5104:
5011:
4991:
4976:
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4785:
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4395:
4346:
4297:
4270:
4237:
4213:
4041:
4007:
3973:
3939:
3905:
3805:
3754:
3688:
3683:
The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates
3534:
3382:
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3219:
3155:
3130:
2803:
2754:
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2535:
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2441:
2413:
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2312:
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2237:
2196:
2169:
2104:
2070:
2059:
2030:
1958:
1894:
1362:
1285:
1266:
1221:
1197:
891:
686:
643:
632:
572:
332:
3853:
3766:
2766:
2688:
2659:
DasGupta R, Kavia RB, Fowler CJ (2007). "Cerebral mechanisms and voiding function".
2503:
2249:
1878:
5691:
5640:
5635:
5625:
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5173:
5163:
5038:
4925:
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4520:
4512:
4385:
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4262:
4205:
3880:
3841:
3746:
3372:
3362:
3341:
de Jong Y, Pinckaers JH, Ten Brinck RM, Lycklama À Nijeholt AA, Dekkers OM (2014).
3296:
2943:
2793:
2746:
2711:
2668:
2571:
2547:
2527:
2483:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2384:"Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat"
2354:
2229:
2221:
2161:
2133:
1936:') urine possesses a strong odour, especially when it is used to mark territory or
1729:
1533:
1513:
1110:
539:
empties partially by gravity, with assistance from muscles. Urine remaining in the
442:
259:
117:
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1501:
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5364:
5283:
5237:
5068:
5043:
5017:
5006:
4971:
4930:
4780:
4413:
3591:
3470:
3367:
1986:
1954:
1784:
1749:
1699:
1653:
1525:
1497:
1429:
1292:, noted that to urinate in the presence of others was prohibited among Persians.
1254:
1217:
1177:
1163:
850:
724:, the inability to urinate in the presence of others, such as in a public toilet.
560:
307:
280:
270:
204:
4266:
2137:
616:
Many clinical conditions can cause disturbances to normal urination, including:
375:
5686:
5214:
4903:
3845:
3194:"06/07/2002 - Mobile crews must have prompt access to nearby toilet facilities"
2912:
2165:
1665:
1521:
1414:
1289:
971:
921:
858:
833:
536:
478:
328:
129:
113:
4549:
4390:
4365:
3681:
3300:
2947:
1692:
5660:
5610:
5481:
5405:
5304:
5208:
5078:
4961:
4565:
3453:"Women Standing and Men Squatting to Pee – A Personal Story (Mobile Version)"
3340:
3285:
2893:
1928:
instead of uric acid, and is discharged via the urethra, separately from the
1817:
1734:
1469:
1450:
1441:
is used for urination in a squatting position. Women averting contact with a
1333:
1332:
which can lead to more serious infections and, in rare situations, can cause
1247:
1201:
854:
288:
4334:
1660:
1632:
963:
635:, incontinence that occurs as a result of the uncontrollable urge to urinate
514:
and to the cerebrum. At a certain level of afferent activity, the conscious
168:. The process of urination is under voluntary control in healthy humans and
5564:
5385:
5278:
5247:
5222:
5153:
5119:
5099:
5094:
5001:
4956:
4908:
4861:
4856:
4727:
4673:
4534:
4399:
3386:
2807:
2758:
2680:
2583:
2539:
2368:
2173:
1831:
1438:
1041:
1017:
1000:
996:
970:
may be used so that the urine can be examined for medical reasons or for a
870:
846:
742:
540:
74:
58:
53:
4136:
3758:
3216:"Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Prevention – Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)"
2798:
2781:
2723:
2495:
2417:
2241:
2233:
2061:
Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People
1860:
1493:
999:, excrement tends to float freely, so astronauts use a specially designed
252:
5559:
5544:
5529:
5524:
5471:
5089:
5073:
5063:
4886:
4881:
4516:
4350:
1541:
1442:
1399:
1269:. One proposed way to inhibit public urination due to drunkenness is the
1093:
992:
can assist women and girls in urinating while standing or into a bottle.
959:
706:, low urine output, usually due to a problem with the upper urinary tract
661:
599:
529:
303:
4871:
4866:
1265:, which causes production of additional urine as well as a reduction of
685:, abnormally large production of urine, associated with, in particular,
652:, a strong urge to urinate, usually accompanied by detrusor overactivity
5620:
5569:
5554:
5390:
5203:
5188:
5058:
5053:
4986:
4770:
4695:
4668:
4639:
4342:
2715:
2001:
1981:
1909:
1869:
1745:
1672:
1537:
1358:
403:
125:
46:
4072:"Polish tourist killed by urinating on 750-volt electric railway line"
3152:
Women and the U.S. Constitution: History, Interpretation, and Practice
2750:
5539:
5466:
5431:
5415:
5334:
5288:
5083:
4734:
4723:
4701:
4554:
2980:
2532:
10.1002/1096-9861(20010122)429:4<631::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-M
1933:
1757:
1741:
1489:
1472:. An alternative method for women voiding while standing is to use a
1465:
1281:
1246:
Acceptability of outdoor urination in a public place other than at a
1235:
1061:
975:
821:
721:
133:
1563:
758:
258:
Location of the bladder and urethra in adult human male and female (
179:
In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination
5519:
5456:
5324:
4951:
4841:
4690:
4624:
1317:
1125:
Ein stallender Schimmel mit einem Bauern, der einen Sattel aufhängt
982:
738:
703:
682:
658:, a condition characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pain
492:
292:
2622:
916:
Ultrasound scan of male fetal micturition at 19 weeks of pregnancy
638:
Mixed incontinence, a combination of the two types of incontinence
5534:
5319:
5183:
5129:
5109:
5033:
4996:
4966:
4749:
4680:
4645:
4619:
2892:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2343:"Neurophysiology of Lower Urinary Tract Function and Dysfunction"
1942:
1769:
1454:
1395:
1270:
1225:
1037:
677:
284:
274:
101:
97:
22:
4191:"A reassessment of the function of scent marking in territories"
2701:
1840:
1783:
or urinate on other individuals before mating with them. A male
1638:(to anger someone; alternatively, to leave somewhere in a hurry)
1296:
tradition itself seems to find such practices objectionable. In
5339:
5329:
4898:
4846:
4827:
4744:
4629:
2217:
1921:
1902:
1702:(to take liberties, be unreasonable, or to mock another person)
1433:
Sit-down toilets are the most common type in Western countries.
1391:
1379:
1354:
1313:
1239:
1213:
1193:
1173:
709:
385:
311:
300:
183:. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the
173:
121:
3739:
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
3028:"HERODOTUS iii. DEFINING THE PERSIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
1893:
While the primary purpose of urination is the same across the
1764:, while in 33% urine leakage was restricted to orgasm. Female
629:, incontinence as a result of external mechanical disturbances
4851:
4650:
1946:
1929:
1917:
1625:
1403:
1324:
even when circumstances make this a highly desirable option.
1321:
1305:
1301:
954:
Sometimes urination is done in a container such as a bottle,
465:
109:
105:
93:
4363:
1924:, whereas mammals' urine is a yellowish colour, with mostly
1708:(energetic or ambitious late adolescent or young adult male)
932:
Occasionally, if a male's penis is damaged or removed, or a
3574:"Is there a formal way to say we want to go to the toilet?"
1925:
1461:
1350:
1309:
469:
389:
237:
225:
28:"Voiding" and "Pissing" redirect here. For other uses, see
4796:
4498:
3866:
3773:
2270:
1374:
1320:
in emergency, but it remains less accepted for females in
100:
to the outside of the body. Urine is released through the
4499:
de Groat WC, Griffiths D, Yoshimura N (17 January 2011).
4417:
4233:
Mammalian Olfaction, Reproductive Processes, and Behavior
2150:
1913:
1765:
1554:
Wiktionary:Appendix:English toilet slang § Urination
4414:"Cows toilet trained to reduce greenhouse gas emissions"
3828:
Genest H., Dubost G. (1974). "Pair living in the mara (
2779:
2736:
2560:
2516:
2437:
The Chemistry of Pheromones and Other Semiochemicals II
1720:(drunk in British English or angry in American English)
506:
Bladder afferent signals ascend the spinal cord to the
2642:"New Law of Urination: Mammals Take 20 Seconds to Pee"
1795:
1361:. Urinals for men are widespread worldwide, although
1664:(vulgar way to refer to someone who drinks too much
406:, subject to voluntary facilitation and inhibition.
215:
195:. Brain centres that regulate urination include the
152:, and known colloquially by various names including
2658:
2340:
1688:
into the wind (to act in ways that cause self-harm)
1288:and highlighting the differences with those of the
920:The fetus urinates hourly and produces most of the
748:
3965:
3827:
3680:
3149:
2058:
1768:may exhibit urolagnia during sex; one female will
1349:in Western countries, squat toilets are common in
1343:
21:"Urinate" redirects here. Not to be confused with
2971:
2969:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2186:
1953:by urinating in a raised-leg posture and release
745:decrease the production of urine by the kidneys.
5658:
4289:
4066:
4064:
3539:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3257:
2845:"The Complete Guide to Female Urination Devices"
2050:
2022:
1905:such as rats and mice, it marks familiar paths.
1724:
1143:Paard in een weiland dat aan een hek gebonden is
718:, a vasovagal response which may cause fainting.
4123:
4121:
4119:
3782:
3521:. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009
2908:"A secret history of the pissing figure in art"
2823:"Can I Pee in a Bottle If I'm Stuck in a Tent?"
2271:L. David Mech, Luigi Boitani (1 October 2010).
1772:while the other sticks her nose in the stream.
1682:up a flagpole (to partake in a futile activity)
1207:
712:refers to absent or almost absent urine output.
4595:
4151:
4033:
4006:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 214–.
3999:
3897:
3010:
2966:
2782:"Amniotic Fluid: Not Just Fetal Urine Anymore"
2615:
2259:
1714:(British expression for drinking to get drunk)
1006:
943:
279:The main organs involved in urination are the
4812:
4581:
4438:
4188:
4129:"Man electrocuted by urinating on power line"
4061:
3959:
3823:
3821:
3678:
3281:
3279:
2780:Underwood MA, Gilbert WM, Sherman MP (2005).
2381:
2096:
1624:References to urination are commonly used in
245:external urethral orifice in adult human male
4557:, describes the neurophysiology of urination
4479:
4229:
4116:
3993:
3674:
3672:
3025:
2936:Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
2473:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2193:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
2029:. University of Chicago Press. p. 583.
1453:. However, this may not completely void the
1398:of squatting is also associated with proper
1204:exist, designed to be used in various ways.
737:A drug that increases urination is called a
181:can mark territory or express submissiveness
4605:Used to refer to daily self-care activities
4501:"Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract"
4463:Wolves: Behaviour, Ecology and Conservation
4460:
4027:
3901:Wildlife of Pennsylvania: And the Northeast
3797:
3632:"have a slash – Dictionary of sexual terms"
3260:Ladies and Gents: Public Toilets and Gender
3176:"Report of the Task Group on Reference Man"
2905:
2277:. University of Chicago Press. p. 85.
2274:Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
2180:
2056:
1949:scent-mark their territories using urine.
1737:from chemical signals in the female's urine
1592:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
787:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
543:is expelled by several contractions of the
331:originating in the cord, in an area termed
4819:
4805:
4588:
4574:
3931:
3891:
3818:
3334:
3276:
3154:. Columbia University Press. p. 157.
3092:"From buttoned-up Britain to urine nation"
2963:, twentieth edition, William F. Ganong, MD
2100:Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians
2065:. University of California Press. p.
2018:
2016:
1822:Self-anointing in animals § Ungulates
1479:
1242:, warning that public urination is illegal
579:
4524:
4439:Hassan J, Pannett R (15 September 2021).
4389:
3860:
3669:
3494:"Herodotus – The Histories – Connections"
3491:
3376:
3366:
3180:Report of the Task Group on Reference Man
2797:
2773:
2621:
2440:. Springer Science & Business Media.
2429:
2427:
2407:
2358:
2325:
2308:Societies of Wolves and Free-ranging Dogs
2126:Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
2097:Feder ME, Burggren WW (15 October 1992).
1961:with urine more frequently than females.
1612:Learn how and when to remove this message
927:
807:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:
16:Release of urine from the urinary bladder
4223:
3925:
3736:
3714:. Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from
3545:, ABC 2 News, Maryland, 3 September 2009
3318:. Iman Suhaib Webb (USA). Archived from
3313:
2977:"A Woman's Guide on How to Pee Standing"
2464:American Zoologist 33.2 (1993): 167-172.
1728:
1428:
1373:
1229:
981:An alternative solution (for traveling,
903:
676:, which can cause urinary frequency and
598:
528:Many men, and some women, may sometimes
4098:"Urinating on electric track kills man"
3455:. Experienceproject.com. Archived from
2820:
2013:
1528:uses "going to see my aunt", "going to
1382:, voiding urine in a standing position.
5659:
5591:History of water supply and sanitation
5477:Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
4290:Sunquist M, Sunquist F (15 May 2017).
4157:
3972:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 1088–.
3801:Pheromones and Reproduction in Mammals
2933:
2927:
2869:
2863:
2639:
2599:"Pee shivers: You know you're curious"
2596:
2433:
2424:
2382:de Groat WC, Ryall RW (January 1969).
2304:
2144:
2026:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
2023:Marvalee H. Wake (15 September 1992).
611:
4800:
4569:
4316:
4003:A Natural History of Canadian Mammals
3124:
2993:
2635:
2633:
2298:
2189:"Urinary Incontinence – Part 2"
1779:in order to attract mates during the
864:
646:, the inability to initiate urination
607:accepting urine samples for diagnosis
327:, which is innervated by the somatic
4256:
3431:"Courtesy Laughs in the Ivory Coast"
3316:"Standing up and urinating in Islam"
3218:. Urologychannel.com. Archived from
3129:. Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania.
2872:"Boldly Go! NASA's New Space Toilet"
1997:Post micturition convulsion syndrome
1901:or express submissiveness. In small
1590:adding citations to reliable sources
1557:
1449:(or "hovering"), similar to using a
785:adding citations to reliable sources
752:
554:
5646:Workers' right to access the toilet
5596:Human right to water and sanitation
3935:Porcupines: The Animal Answer Guide
3898:Charles Fergus (1 September 2000).
3064:"Legal Curiosities: Fact or Fable?"
2906:Piepenbring D (20 September 2017).
2609:
2341:Yoshimura N, Chancellor MB (2003).
2123:
1656:(an unproductive ego-driven battle)
13:
5228:Toilet-related injuries and deaths
4454:
4210:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1982.tb00492.x
4034:Trevor Carnaby (30 January 2008).
3885:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb02333.x
3751:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06609.x
3687:. University of California Press.
3652:
3473:. Travelblog.org. 16 November 2005
3150:Schwarzenbach SA, Smith P (2004).
3071:Law Commission (England and Wales)
2630:
2124:Fry C (July 2006). "Micturition".
1908:The urine of animals of differing
1796:Electric shock injuries and deaths
1547:
1157:
899:
827:
472:raise their tails while urinating.
325:female external urethral sphincter
180:
14:
5703:
5442:Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue
4542:
4257:Ewer RF (1968). "Scent marking".
3904:. Stackpole Books. pp. 75–.
3798:Vandenbergh J (2 December 2012).
2187:Heidi K. Wennemer (7 July 2008).
885:
510:, where they project both to the
418:stimulation. During micturition,
392:raise their legs while urinating.
216:Anatomy of the bladder and outlet
5606:Infection prevention and control
4561:"Urination" at HowStuffWorks.com
4484:. University of Nebraska Press.
4230:Richard Doty (2 December 2012).
3932:Uldis Roze (28 September 2012).
3492:Rothstein E (10 December 2007).
2887:
2673:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06749.x
2576:10.1097/00005392-199907000-00069
1968:, which could be used to reduce
1957:secretions in their urine. Male
1877:
1868:
1859:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1811:
1644:(to express contempt; see above)
1562:
1284:, writing on the culture of the
1135:
1117:
1102:
1085:
1070:
1053:
1030:
757:
749:Experimentally induced disorders
498:
454:
441:
430:
374:
361:
251:
236:
224:
136:. It is also known medically as
66:
45:
5194:Privatization of public toilets
4465:. University of Chicago Press.
4432:
4406:
4357:
4310:
4296:. University of Chicago Press.
4283:
4250:
4198:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
4182:
4090:
3791:
3730:
3704:
3646:
3624:
3602:
3584:
3566:
3548:
3511:
3485:
3463:
3445:
3423:
3393:
3307:
3258:Gershenson O, Penner B (2009).
3251:
3234:
3208:
3186:
3168:
3143:
3118:
3109:
3084:
3056:
3038:
3019:
2987:
2954:
2899:
2837:
2814:
2730:
2695:
2652:
2590:
2554:
2510:
2467:
2454:
2375:
2103:. University of Chicago Press.
1696:(to squander or use wastefully)
1520:has coined "I am off to take a
1344:Sitting, standing, or squatting
603:Painting showing the physician
4135:. 2 March 2010. Archived from
3519:"Women Can 'Go' Like Men Now!"
3046:"Internet History Sourcebooks"
2400:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008683
2311:. Cambridge University Press.
2211:
2117:
2090:
1748:, is an inclination to obtain
1468:described a similar custom in
1200:, usually for males, although
1147:Wouter Johannes van Troostwijk
840:
623:, the inability to hold urine
595:Category:Urological conditions
120:, but is released through the
1:
4480:Young SP, Jackson HH (1978).
3610:"have Chinese singing lesson"
3401:"Preventing kidney infection"
3246:Berlin University of the Arts
2007:
1951:Wolves mark their territories
1887:Urination postures of mammals
1756:. Drinking urine is known as
1725:Urination and sexual activity
1650:down (to refer to heavy rain)
1628:. Usage in English includes:
1488:Many expressions exist, some
1280:The 5th-century BC historian
1187:
880:
728:Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
350:
291:of the bladder, known as the
5462:Public toilets in Bratislava
4037:Beat About the Bush: Mammals
3368:10.1371/journal.pone.0101320
3182:. Pergamon Press: 180. 1975.
3073:. April 2015. Archived from
2961:Review of Medical Physiology
2821:Maloney L (5 January 2019).
2640:Arnold C (23 October 2013).
2488:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90848-6
1304:to urinate while facing the
1208:Urination without facilities
1077:Urinating dog statue at the
668:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
588:
169:
59:urinating boy (puer mingens)
7:
5132:(combined toilet and bidet)
4826:
4461:Mech LD, Boitani L (2003).
4267:10.1007/978-1-4899-4656-0_5
4158:Rkaina S (31 August 2014).
3966:Marshall Cavendish (2007).
3938:. JHU Press. pp. 97–.
3560:forum.thefreedictionary.com
3262:. Temple University Press.
3127:Elements of Islamic Studies
2434:Schulz S (7 January 2005).
2138:10.1053/j.mpaic.2006.04.006
1975:
1959:dogs mark their territories
1419:benign prostate hyperplasia
1007:Social and cultural aspects
966:). A container or wearable
944:Alternative urination tools
940:may be used in rare cases.
532:after or during urination.
340:internal urethral sphincter
314:spinal cord. Fibers in the
231:The interior of the bladder
10:
5708:
5682:Partial squatting position
5233:Toilet Revolution in China
4597:Activities of daily living
3871:(Rodentia: Caviomorpha)".
3846:10.1515/mamm.1974.38.2.155
2870:Elburn D (2 August 2019).
2305:Spotte S (15 March 2012).
2166:10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.079
1938:communicate in other ways.
1932:. Some animals' (example:
1815:
1551:
1424:
1406:. In Western culture, the
1211:
1196:. Public toilets may have
1161:
947:
889:
592:
512:pontine micturition center
400:pontine micturition center
297:sympathetic nervous system
268:
197:pontine micturition center
27:
20:
5578:
5512:
5424:
5378:
5297:
5256:
5139:
4939:
4834:
4763:
4713:
4659:
4610:
4603:
4391:10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.011
3712:"Definition of urolagnia"
3578:english.stackexchange.com
3301:10.1007/s13629-014-0008-5
3289:Tijdschrift voor Urologie
2948:10.1215/10829636-2008-025
2597:Briggs B (9 April 2012).
1170:elimination communication
1046:Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
5497:Toilets in New York City
5447:Modern Toilet Restaurant
5179:Islamic toilet etiquette
4505:Comprehensive Physiology
2994:Saner E (5 April 2023).
1970:greenhouse gas emissions
1706:Full of piss and vinegar
1369:
1338:Female urination devices
1330:urinary tract infections
1298:Islamic toilet etiquette
1079:Château de Fontainebleau
166:going (for a) number one
5401:Fecal sludge management
5360:Urine collection device
5345:Urinal deodorizer block
5310:Female urination device
4776:Personal care assistant
4335:10.1163/156853977X00496
4000:Donna Naughton (2012).
3596:www.merriam-webster.com
3409:National Health Service
3050:sourcebooks.fordham.edu
2786:Journal of Perinatology
2255:(subscription required)
1480:Talking about urination
1474:female urination device
990:female urination device
968:urine collection device
950:Female urination device
674:Urinary tract infection
605:Constantine the African
580:Experience of urination
344:transitional epithelium
193:somatic nervous systems
61:in a standing position.
5631:Sustainable sanitation
5616:Reuse of human excreta
4293:Wild Cats of the World
4189:Gosling L. M. (1982).
3830:Dolichotis paragonum Z
3679:Richard Estes (1991).
2704:Anatomy and Embryology
2057:Roughgarden J (2004).
1920:of the animal via the
1738:
1544:) to charge that sum.
1434:
1383:
1243:
1065:in a medieval bestiary
1011:
928:Urination after injury
917:
608:
545:bulbospongiosus muscle
211:Anatomy and physiology
164:, and euphemistically
5586:Ecological sanitation
5487:Toilet History Museum
5437:Hundertwasser Toilets
5379:Feces-related aspects
5298:Urine-related aspects
5199:Swachh Bharat Mission
4714:Optional-instrumental
4102:Nine News (Australia)
3032:www.iranicaonline.org
2799:10.1038/sj.jp.7211290
2234:10.1002/cne.903180102
1777:urinate on themselves
1732:
1552:Further information:
1530:see a man about a dog
1445:may employ a partial
1432:
1377:
1233:
1212:Further information:
1109:Painting of a ram by
915:
890:Further information:
875:overflow incontinence
656:Interstitial cystitis
602:
535:After urination, the
172:, but may occur as a
34:Piss (disambiguation)
30:Void (disambiguation)
5502:Bryant Park restroom
5350:Urinal (health care)
5169:Honeywagon (vehicle)
4517:10.1002/cphy.c130056
4261:. pp. 104–133.
4236:. Elsevier Science.
3869:Dolichotis patagonum
3592:"Definition of WHIZ"
3240:B. Möllring (2003):
2199:on 25 September 2008
1966:wastewater treatment
1733:Male mammals detect
1586:improve this section
1510:varieties of English
781:improve this section
621:Urinary incontinence
5601:Improved sanitation
5452:National Poo Museum
5396:Defecation postures
5257:Jobs and activities
5159:Bathroom privileges
5115:Urine-diverting dry
4740:Emergency responses
4420:. 14 September 2021
4382:2021CBio...31R1033D
4376:(17): R1033–R1034.
4259:Ethology of Mammals
4170:on 12 December 2021
4139:on 12 December 2021
3612:. Definition-of.com
3359:2014PLoSO...9j1320D
3244:Publication of the
2851:. 10 September 2015
2646:National Geographic
2353:(Suppl 8): S3–S10.
1992:Post-void dribbling
1413:Elderly males with
1263:alcoholic beverages
1251:bushes, or a tree.
716:Micturition syncope
627:Stress incontinence
612:Clinical conditions
508:periaqueductal gray
295:, is innervated by
201:periaqueductal gray
5550:Groom of the Stool
5315:Interactive urinal
5269:Restroom attendant
4550:Neurogenic Bladder
3873:Journal of Zoology
3498:The New York Times
3411:. 11 December 2012
3222:on 3 February 2011
3026:electricpulp.com.
2716:10.1007/BF00184744
2564:Journal of Urology
2154:Journal of Urology
1739:
1542:pre-decimalisation
1518:Australian English
1447:squatting position
1435:
1388:squatting position
1384:
1244:
1182:nocturnal enuresis
1129:Francesco Casanova
918:
865:Spinal cord injury
732:spinal cord injury
699:diabetes insipidus
650:Overactive bladder
609:
92:is the release of
5654:
5653:
5274:Sanitation worker
5264:Manual scavenging
4892:Toilet seat riser
4794:
4793:
4786:Care of residents
4745:Safety procedures
4731:
4491:978-0-8032-5893-8
4482:The Clever Coyote
4472:978-0-226-51696-7
4303:978-0-226-51823-7
4276:978-1-4899-4658-4
4243:978-0-323-15450-5
4219:on 27 March 2018.
4047:978-1-77009-240-2
4013:978-1-4426-4483-0
3979:978-0-7614-7719-8
3969:EXPLORING MAMMALS
3945:978-1-4214-0735-7
3911:978-0-8117-2899-7
3811:978-0-323-15651-6
3788:Imaginova (2007e)
3694:978-0-520-08085-0
3269:978-1-59213-940-8
3161:978-0-231-50296-2
3136:978-9976-956-05-4
3125:Rizvi SS (1986).
2751:10.1002/nau.10082
2739:Neurourol. Urodyn
2447:978-3-540-21308-6
2318:978-1-107-37910-7
2284:978-0-226-51698-1
2160:(6S): 2455–2463.
2110:978-0-226-23944-6
2076:978-0-520-24073-5
2036:978-0-226-87013-7
1622:
1621:
1614:
1512:show creativity.
1408:standing position
1394:men, the genital
1222:Telescopic toilet
962:(also known as a
934:female's genitals
913:
892:Open-crotch pants
817:
816:
809:
687:diabetes mellitus
644:Urinary retention
633:Urge incontinence
573:abdominal muscles
555:Voluntary control
520:urination urgency
118:placental mammals
5699:
5641:World Toilet Day
5636:Waste management
5626:Sewage treatment
5513:Historical terms
5492:Toilets in Japan
5174:Incontinence pad
5164:Bathroom reading
4926:Toilet rim block
4914:Holder/dispenser
4877:Electronic bidet
4821:
4814:
4807:
4798:
4797:
4764:Related articles
4721:
4681:Meal preparation
4620:Personal hygiene
4590:
4583:
4576:
4567:
4566:
4538:
4528:
4495:
4476:
4449:
4448:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4212:. Archived from
4195:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4166:. Archived from
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4125:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4076:Evening Standard
4068:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4040:. Jacana Media.
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3686:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3657:. Phrases.org.uk
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3598:. 17 March 2024.
3588:
3582:
3581:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3459:on 29 July 2013.
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3433:. Travelblog.org
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3255:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3080:on 29 June 2015.
3079:
3068:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2979:. Archived from
2973:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2471:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2362:
2338:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2268:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2222:J. Comp. Neurol.
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2195:. Archived from
2184:
2178:
2177:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2064:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2020:
1939:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1750:sexual enjoyment
1617:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1566:
1558:
1516:uses "to whiz".
1514:American English
1402:requirements or
1286:ancient Persians
1255:Portable toilets
1172:and instead use
1139:
1121:
1111:Abraham Teerlink
1106:
1089:
1074:
1057:
1034:
938:urinary catheter
914:
812:
805:
801:
798:
792:
761:
753:
458:
445:
378:
365:
310:fibers from the
299:fibers from the
260:sagittal section
255:
240:
228:
78:portrays a girl
70:
49:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5672:Human positions
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5574:
5508:
5420:
5411:Open defecation
5374:
5370:Urine diversion
5365:Urine deflector
5293:
5284:Toilet training
5252:
5238:Toilet Twinning
5141:
5135:
5086:(self-cleaning)
5049:Passenger train
4982:Container-based
4935:
4830:
4825:
4795:
4790:
4781:Assisted living
4759:
4755:Sexual activity
4709:
4655:
4630:Feeding oneself
4606:
4599:
4594:
4545:
4492:
4473:
4457:
4455:Further reading
4452:
4445:Washington Post
4437:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4370:Current Biology
4362:
4358:
4329:(1–2): 82–105.
4315:
4311:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4277:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4156:
4152:
4142:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4078:. 13 April 2012
4070:
4069:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3896:
3892:
3865:
3861:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3677:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3655:"Spend a penny"
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3634:. Sex-lexis.com
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3471:"Road to Hanoi"
3469:
3468:
3464:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3308:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3256:
3252:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3077:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2992:
2988:
2983:on 4 June 2003.
2975:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2904:
2900:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2819:
2815:
2778:
2774:
2735:
2731:
2700:
2696:
2657:
2653:
2638:
2631:
2614:
2610:
2595:
2591:
2559:
2555:
2520:J. Comp. Neurol
2515:
2511:
2472:
2468:
2460:Asa, Cheryl S.
2459:
2455:
2448:
2432:
2425:
2380:
2376:
2339:
2326:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2185:
2181:
2149:
2145:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2021:
2014:
2010:
1987:Human positions
1978:
1955:preputial gland
1937:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1814:
1798:
1785:Patagonian mara
1727:
1700:Taking the piss
1654:Pissing contest
1618:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1583:
1567:
1556:
1550:
1548:Use in language
1526:British English
1522:Chinese singing
1498:toilet training
1482:
1427:
1372:
1363:women's urinals
1346:
1228:
1218:Urine deflector
1210:
1190:
1178:Toilet training
1166:
1164:Toilet training
1160:
1158:Toilet training
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1090:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1062:Lapis lynxurius
1058:
1049:
1035:
1014:
1009:
952:
946:
930:
904:
902:
900:Fetal urination
894:
888:
883:
867:
851:filum terminale
843:
830:
828:Deafferentation
813:
802:
796:
793:
778:
762:
751:
614:
597:
591:
582:
561:detrusor muscle
557:
501:
475:
474:
473:
463:
462:
461:
460:
459:
449:
448:
447:
446:
433:
420:parasympathetic
395:
394:
393:
383:
382:
381:
380:
379:
369:
368:
367:
366:
353:
308:parasympathetic
281:urinary bladder
277:
271:Urinary bladder
269:Main articles:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
256:
248:
247:
241:
233:
232:
229:
218:
213:
205:cerebral cortex
87:
86:
85:
84:
83:
71:
63:
62:
50:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5705:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5215:Skibidi Toilet
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5142:policy aspects
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4906:
4904:Toilet cleaner
4901:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4693:
4688:
4686:Managing money
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4544:
4543:External links
4541:
4540:
4539:
4511:(1): 327–396.
4496:
4490:
4477:
4471:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4431:
4405:
4356:
4309:
4302:
4282:
4275:
4249:
4242:
4222:
4181:
4150:
4115:
4104:. 23 July 2008
4089:
4060:
4046:
4026:
4012:
3992:
3978:
3958:
3944:
3924:
3910:
3890:
3879:(2): 298–301.
3859:
3840:(2): 155–162.
3817:
3810:
3790:
3781:
3772:
3745:(4): 377–381.
3729:
3718:on 9 July 2012
3703:
3693:
3668:
3645:
3623:
3601:
3583:
3565:
3547:
3510:
3484:
3462:
3444:
3422:
3392:
3353:(7): e101320.
3333:
3322:on 30 May 2013
3314:Mustafa Umar.
3306:
3275:
3268:
3250:
3233:
3207:
3185:
3167:
3160:
3142:
3135:
3117:
3108:
3083:
3055:
3037:
3018:
3009:
2998:. UK: Guardian
2986:
2965:
2953:
2942:(2): 331–373.
2926:
2913:The New Yorker
2898:
2862:
2836:
2813:
2792:(5): 341–348.
2772:
2729:
2710:(3): 195–209.
2694:
2651:
2629:
2608:
2589:
2570:(1): 204–212.
2553:
2509:
2476:Neurosci. Lett
2466:
2453:
2446:
2423:
2374:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2283:
2258:
2210:
2179:
2143:
2132:(7): 237–239.
2116:
2109:
2089:
2075:
2049:
2035:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1899:mark territory
1895:animal kingdom
1886:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1810:
1797:
1794:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1620:
1619:
1570:
1568:
1561:
1549:
1546:
1540:, which used (
1481:
1478:
1426:
1423:
1415:prostate gland
1371:
1368:
1345:
1342:
1209:
1206:
1202:female urinals
1189:
1186:
1162:Main article:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
945:
942:
929:
926:
922:amniotic fluid
901:
898:
887:
886:Young children
884:
882:
879:
866:
863:
859:postganglionic
842:
839:
834:tabes dorsalis
829:
826:
815:
814:
765:
763:
756:
750:
747:
735:
734:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
680:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
640:
639:
636:
630:
613:
610:
590:
587:
581:
578:
556:
553:
537:female urethra
530:briefly shiver
500:
497:
483:law of Laplace
479:cystometrogram
464:
453:
452:
451:
450:
440:
439:
438:
437:
436:
435:
434:
432:
429:
384:
373:
372:
371:
370:
360:
359:
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
352:
349:
333:Onuf's nucleus
329:pudendal nerve
257:
250:
249:
242:
235:
234:
230:
223:
222:
221:
220:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
148:, or, rarely,
130:urinary system
114:urinary meatus
104:and exits the
72:
65:
64:
51:
44:
43:
42:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5704:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5677:Medical signs
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5611:Public health
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:Toilet (room)
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Flying toilet
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5305:Female urinal
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:Unisex public
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5209:Toilet humour
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5138:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4931:Trap (U-bend)
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Child rearing
4733:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4586:
4584:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4536:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:Vulpes vulpes
4313:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4226:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4204:(2): 89–118.
4203:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3996:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3675:
3673:
3656:
3649:
3633:
3627:
3611:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3542:
3536:
3520:
3514:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3432:
3426:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3195:
3189:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3097:
3096:New Statesman
3093:
3087:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3013:
2997:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2894:public domain
2877:
2873:
2866:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:(1): 87–108.
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1823:
1819:
1818:Scent marking
1812:Other species
1809:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:Some mammals
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:golden shower
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:(someone) off
1635:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1613:
1605:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:This section
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:Scottish term
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:ancient Egypt
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1451:female urinal
1448:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1378:A man uses a
1376:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:public urinal
1241:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1004:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
986:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:, bedpan, or
957:
951:
941:
939:
935:
925:
923:
897:
893:
878:
876:
872:
862:
860:
856:
855:preganglionic
852:
848:
838:
835:
825:
823:
811:
808:
800:
797:February 2013
790:
786:
782:
776:
775:
771:
766:This section
764:
760:
755:
754:
746:
744:
743:antidiuretics
740:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
679:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
606:
601:
596:
586:
577:
574:
569:
565:
562:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
526:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
499:Voiding phase
496:
494:
490:
486:
484:
480:
471:
467:
457:
444:
431:Storage phase
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
407:
405:
401:
391:
387:
377:
364:
348:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
316:pelvic nerves
313:
309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:smooth muscle
286:
282:
276:
272:
261:
254:
246:
239:
227:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
170:other animals
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
81:
77:
76:
69:
60:
56:
55:
48:
39:
35:
31:
24:
19:
5565:Privy midden
5386:Anal hygiene
5354:
5279:Slopping out
5248:Vacuum truck
5223:Toilet plume
5213:
5154:Adult diaper
5140:Cultural and
5024:Incinerating
4909:Toilet paper
4857:Bidet shower
4661:Instrumental
4635:
4548:
4508:
4504:
4481:
4462:
4444:
4434:
4424:16 September
4422:. Retrieved
4408:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4292:
4285:
4258:
4252:
4232:
4225:
4214:the original
4201:
4197:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:the original
4164:Irish Mirror
4163:
4153:
4141:. Retrieved
4137:the original
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