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whereby the perpetrator of knocking over a sales display (the "bad act") was deemed more likable by others if he/she appeared embarrassed than if he/she appeared unconcerned â regardless of restitution behavior (rebuilding the display). The capacity to experience embarrassment can also be seen as functional for the group or culture. It has been demonstrated that those who are not prone to embarrassment are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior â for example, adolescent boys who displayed more embarrassment were found less likely to engage in aggressive/delinquent behaviors. Similarly, embarrassment exhibited by boys more likely to engage in aggressive/delinquent behavior was less than one-third of that exhibited by non-aggressive boys. Thus proneness to embarrassment (i.e., a concern for how one is evaluated by others) can act as a brake on behavior that would be dysfunctional for a group or culture.
950:, especially after statements expressing confidence in a stated course of action, or willful disregard for evidence. Embarrassment increases greatly in instances involving official duties or workplace facilities, large amounts of money or materials, or loss of human life. Examples of causes include a government's failed public policy, exposure of corrupt practices or unethical behavior, a celebrity whose personal habits receive public scrutiny or face legal action, or officials caught in serious personally embarrassing situations. Even small errors or miscalculations can lead to significantly greater official embarrassment if it is discovered that there was willful disregard for evidence or directives involved (e.g., see
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honorable loss in the profession and thus not necessarily lead to professional embarrassment. Similarly, a scientist might be personally disappointed and embarrassed if one of their hypotheses was proven wrong, but would not normally suffer professional embarrassment as a result. By contrast, exposure of falsified data supporting a scientific claim would likely lead to professional embarrassment in the scientific community. Professional or official embarrassment is often accompanied by public expressions of
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Vicarious embarrassment is an embarrassed feeling from observing the embarrassing actions of another person. People who rate themselves as more empathic are more likely to experience vicarious embarrassment. The effect is present whether or not the observed party is aware of the embarrassing nature
878:). Personal embarrassment can also stem from the actions of others who place the embarrassed person in a socially awkward situationâsuch as a parent showing one's baby pictures to friends, having someone make a derogatory comment about one's appearance or behavior, discovering one is the victim of
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Not all official failures result in official embarrassment, even if the circumstances lead to some slight personal embarrassment for the people involved. For example, losing a close political election might cause some personal embarrassment for the candidate but generally would be considered an
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The idea that embarrassment serves an apology or appeasement function originated with
Goffman who argued the embarrassed individual "demonstrates that he/she is at least disturbed by the fact and may prove worthy at another time". Semin and Manstead demonstrated social functions of embarrassment
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state that embarrassing another person in public is akin to murder (literally "spilling blood"). Rabbi Naáž„man bar Yitzáž„ak responds by noting how the analogy of "spilling blood" is apt since, when a person is embarrassed, their face becomes less flushed and more pale (after the initial flush).
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Based on these types, Cupach and Metts classify two basic embarrassment situations: the actor responsible and the observer responsible. Actor responsible situations are embarrassing when a person executes an act that is either inappropriate to a point of proficiency matching social norms and
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depending on the perceived seriousness of the situation, especially if the individual thinks another person is intentionally causing the embarrassment. There is a range of responses, with the most minor being a perception of the embarrassing act as inconsequential or even
1049:â can also have the effect of provoking embarrassment, as when an individual in a movie theatre with his or her parents, other family, co-workers, or mixed-company peers is made uncomfortable by an unexpected occurrence of nudity in the film that the group is watching.
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state that is associated with mild to severe levels of discomfort, and which is usually experienced when someone commits (or thinks of) a socially unacceptable or frowned-upon act that is witnessed by or revealed to others. Frequently grouped with
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the consequences. Sometimes the embarrassed entity issues press statements, removes or distances themselves from sub-level employees, attempts to carry on as if nothing happened, suffers income loss, emigrates, or vanishes from public view.
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Awkward acts â refer to social situations, for example, inappropriate conversations, clumsiness or ungraceful actions (such as an emotional outbreak like speaking out unintentionally) that can trigger embarrassment
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Appropriate image â refers to more of a personal reflection of embarrassment, like body image, clothing apparel, and personal possessions (for example owning an older mobile phone compared to the latest
1170:, "tuft". (Celtic people actually settled much of Spain and Portugal beginning in the 8th century BC) However, it certainly is not directly derived from it, as the substitution of
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Another typology, by Cupach and Metts, discusses the dimensions of intended-unintended and appropriate-inappropriate behavior, and four basic types of embarrassing circumstances:
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of their actions, although awareness generally increases the strength of the felt vicarious embarrassment, as does an accidental (as opposed to intentional) action.
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870:. Some causes of embarrassment stem from personal actions, such as being caught in a lie or in making a mistake. In many cultures, being seen
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Sören Krach, Jan
Christopher Cohrs, Nicole Cruz de EcheverrĂa Loebell, Tilo Kircher, Jens Sommer, Andreas Jansen, and Frieder Michel Paulus,
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Withers, Lesley; Sherblom, John. "Embarrassment: The
Communication of an Awkward Actor Anticipating a Negative Evaluation".
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and rejection â is another cause of embarrassment, as well as being made the center of attention positively or negatively
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Becomes initialized through being tripped or bumped, which is then associated with someone acting inappropriately
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Board of
Commissioner, District of Columbia. (1902). "Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia".
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Embarrassment can be personal, caused by unwanted attention to private matters or personal flaws or mishaps or
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One typology of embarrassment is described by
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Personal embarrassment is usually accompanied by some combination of
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Your Flaws Are My Pain: Linking
Empathy To Vicarious Embarrassment
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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Validation and correlates of the vicarious embarrassment scale
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A woman covering her eyes as an expression of embarrassment
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Ahmet Uysal, GĂŒlçin Akbas, Elif Helvacı, and Irem Metin,
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originated before the Romans began their conquest of the
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Diccionario crĂtico etimolĂłgico castellano e hispĂĄnico,
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1220:(1529â1606), long after the word had entered Spanish.
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in 1580. The French word was derived from the
Spanish
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Recognition, praise, criticism, correction, or teasing
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in his diary. The word derives from the French word
1197:, "obstacle" or "obstruction". That word came from
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1201:, "to block" or "bar", which is a combination of
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3350:Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity
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1068:Failure to perform a duty or moral obligation.
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1466:Joan Corominas and José Pacual, "embarazar",
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882:, being rejected by another person (see also
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1582:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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886:), being made the focus of attention (e.g.,
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60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1017:a part of the body is accidentally exposed
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1509:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. Archived from
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237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
1470:(Gredos, 1980) Vol. II, p. 555-556.
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1365:. U.S. Government Printing Office: 201.
892:witnessing someone else's embarrassment
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3534:International Stand Up to Bullying Day
1616:Bibliography of Embarrassment Research
1381:Personality and Individual Differences
1182:languages was not a known occurrence.
1096:The first known written occurrence of
3375:Society Against Violence in Education
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1443:. The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989
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850:Usually, some perception of loss of
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95:adding citations to reliable sources
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3139:Bullying and emotional intelligence
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930:, to intense apprehension or fear.
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1621:Embarrassment Research Information
1124:. The Spanish word comes from the
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3809:Machiavellianism in the workplace
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843:, embarrassment is considered a "
41:This article has multiple issues.
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1131:, which is a combination of the
1057:Faux pas (socially awkward acts)
890:celebrants, newlyweds), or even
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3762:Kauhajoki School of Hospitality
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1189:word may come from the Italian
1015:violations â for example where
966:of involvement, or attempts to
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
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21:Embarrassment (disambiguation)
1:
3804:List of LGBT-related suicides
3705:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
3019:Parental bullying of children
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3834:Psychopathy in the workplace
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199:the claims made and adding
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1257:Criterion of embarrassment
1100:in English was in 1664 by
990:Types in social psychology
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1120:(Songbook of StĂșñiga) by
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3854:Suicide among LGBT youth
2806:in virtual communication
1162:could be related to the
999:An embarrassing proposal
952:Space Shuttle Challenger
3890:Harassment and bullying
3149:Character assassination
1232:. Rabbis quoted in the
1150:, "a noose" or "rope".
981:Vicarious embarrassment
975:Vicarious embarrassment
3539:Think Before You Speak
3433:James O'Higgins Norman
3365:It Gets Better Project
3076:Information technology
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1394:Your flaws are my pain
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1262:Face (social concept)
1118:Cancionero de StĂșñiga
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3564:William Arthur Gibbs
3448:Christina Salmivalli
3398:Anna Costanza Baldry
3345:Bystander Revolution
3330:Act Against Bullying
3309:Workplace incivility
3234:Moving the goalposts
3061:Workplace harassment
2989:Displaced aggression
2843:Group affective tone
1383:60 (2014), pp. 48â53
512:Emotional Detachment
91:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3900:Psychological abuse
3819:Personal boundaries
3794:Emotional blackmail
3474:Louise Burfitt-Dons
3413:David P. Farrington
3259:Psychological abuse
2984:Disability bullying
2974:Abusive supervision
2896:constructed emotion
2566:functional accounts
1565:. pp. 58bâ59a.
1421:Human Communication
1287:Inferiority complex
1110:Michel de Montaigne
3829:Playing the victim
3757:Matti Juhani Saari
3749:Jokela High School
3744:Pekka-Eric Auvinen
3588:Nicola Ann Raphael
3519:Anti-Bullying Week
3294:Social undermining
3066:Workplace bullying
3024:Peer victimization
2796:in decision-making
2037:(sense of purpose)
1626:2020-11-06 at the
1513:on August 30, 2006
1218:Bernardo Davanzati
1209:, "bar" (from the
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184:possibly contains
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3582:Dawn-Marie Wesley
3514:Anti-Bullying Day
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3224:Kiss up kick down
3009:Military bullying
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2513:Appeal to emotion
2291:Social connection
1541:on April 11, 2001
1302:Personal distress
1234:Babylonian Talmud
1158:in 218 BC. Thus,
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3184:False accusation
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3029:Prison bullying
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1337:"Embarrassment"
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1272:Guilty pleasure
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1075:social identity
1003:Antoine Watteau
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3770:Elliot Rodger
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3736:Virginia Tech
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3731:Seung-Hui Cho
3729:
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3672:Leelah Alcorn
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3612:Phoebe Prince
3610:
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3598:
3595:
3594:Ryan Halligan
3592:
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3570:Kelly Yeomans
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3484:SuEllen Fried
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3360:GRIN Campaign
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3179:Embarrassment
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2999:LGBT bullying
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1427:(2): 237â254.
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1392:EurekAlert!,
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1252:Cringe comedy
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824:Embarrassment
814:
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723:
722:Schadenfreude
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560:
558:
555:
553:
552:Gratification
550:
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507:Embarrassment
505:
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472:Determination
470:
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455:
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450:
448:
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443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
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428:
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423:
422:Belongingness
420:
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338:
335:
331:
330:Dysregulation
328:
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325:Interpersonal
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188:
187:
182:This article
180:
171:
170:
161:
158:
150:
147:November 2012
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108: â
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
3839:Scapegoating
3630:Jamie Hubley
3576:Hamed Nastoh
3489:Liam Hackett
3469:Andrea Adams
3443:Debra Pepler
3314:Verbal abuse
3244:Name calling
3214:Intimidation
3178:
3174:Discrediting
3134:Blacklisting
3106:Toxic leader
2918:
2858:Meta-emotion
2771:Emotionality
2744:responsivity
2692:and bullying
2687:intelligence
2497:Affectivity
2481:neuroscience
2451:in education
2034:
1995:Homesickness
1971:
1897:Enthrallment
1882:Emotion work
1869:
1745:Anticipation
1585:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1545:February 15,
1543:. Retrieved
1539:the original
1533:
1527:
1517:February 15,
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1505:
1499:
1489:February 15,
1487:. Retrieved
1481:
1475:
1467:
1447:February 15,
1445:. Retrieved
1439:
1433:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1321:
1282:Idiosyncrasy
1227:
1213:
1211:Vulgar Latin
1206:
1205:, "in" with
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:(from Latin
1135:
1128:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1102:Samuel Pepys
1097:
1095:
1071:
1052:
1007:
998:
984:
956:
947:
944:professional
943:
941:
932:
896:
865:
849:
827:
823:
822:
506:
397:Anticipation
233:
215:
206:
183:
153:
144:
134:
127:
120:
113:
101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
3869:Victimology
3844:Self-esteem
3698:(incidents)
3648:Amanda Todd
3642:Audrie Pott
3600:Megan Meier
3403:Wendy Craig
3340:Bullying UK
3204:Humiliation
3189:Gaslighting
2786:and culture
2591:recognition
2576:homeostatic
2476:forecasting
2425:Weltschmerz
2398:Misanthropy
2175:grandiosity
2057:Inspiration
2047:Infatuation
2015:Humiliation
1937:Frustration
1810:Contentment
1562:Bava Metzia
1277:Humiliation
1191:imbarazzare
1106:embarrasser
1047:Environment
907:nervousness
884:humiliation
828:awkwardness
602:Humiliation
547:Frustration
447:Contentment
3884:Categories
3775:Isla Vista
3718:Jeff Weise
3678:Conrad Roy
3654:Jadin Bell
3438:Dan Olweus
3428:Gary Namie
3229:Mind games
3209:Incivility
3199:Harassment
3164:Defamation
2863:Pathognomy
2764:well-being
2680:and gender
2675:expression
2670:exhaustion
2655:detachment
2640:competence
2621:Emotional
2603:regulation
2586:perception
2581:in animals
2531:and memory
2467:Affective
2375:Worldviews
2237:melancholy
2222:Resentment
2092:Loneliness
2067:Irritation
2052:Insecurity
2042:Indulgence
1917:Excitement
1902:Enthusiasm
1835:Depression
1795:Confidence
1790:Compassion
1765:Attraction
1690:Admiration
1685:Acceptance
1346:21 January
1318:References
1224:In Judaism
1126:Portuguese
911:stammering
707:Resentment
632:Loneliness
522:Enthusiasm
462:Depression
432:Confidence
362:Admiration
357:Acceptance
304:In animals
193:improve it
117:newspapers
46:improve it
3710:Columbine
3479:Tim Field
3462:Activists
3391:Academics
3335:Ban Bossy
3274:Screaming
3219:Isolation
2891:appraisal
2831:sociology
2782:Emotions
2754:symbiosis
2739:reasoning
2709:isolation
2650:contagion
2635:blackmail
2561:expressed
2556:evolution
2546:and sleep
2536:and music
2471:computing
2418:Reclusion
2413:Pessimism
2388:Defeatism
2318:Suffering
2264:Sehnsucht
2207:Rejection
2158:self-pity
2133:Nostalgia
2102:limerence
2072:Isolation
2010:Hostility
1967:Happiness
1947:Gratitude
1892:Emptiness
1875:vicarious
1825:Curiosity
1800:Confusion
1740:Annoyance
1720:Amusement
1710:Agitation
1705:Affection
1700:Aesthetic
1695:Adoration
1534:embarrass
1482:embarrass
1440:embarrass
1199:imbarrare
1195:imbarazzo
1129:embaraçar
1114:embarazar
1098:embarrass
1092:Etymology
1061:Accidents
1034:Criticism
1024:knowledge
915:fidgeting
832:emotional
767:Suspicion
757:Suffering
727:Self-pity
692:Rejection
647:Nostalgia
627:Limerence
597:Hostility
577:Happiness
557:Gratitude
502:Elevation
457:Curiosity
437:Confusion
392:Annoyance
372:Amusement
367:Affection
209:June 2016
197:verifying
52:talk page
3895:Emotions
3723:Red Lake
3550:suicides
3548:Notable
3370:Kidscape
3304:Taunting
3299:Swatting
3264:Rudeness
3154:Coercion
3129:Betrayal
3122:Elements
3101:Teaching
3091:Medicine
3071:Academia
2960:Bullying
2749:security
2729:literacy
2714:lability
2704:intimacy
2645:conflict
2625:aperture
2522:Emotion
2506:negative
2501:positive
2491:spectrum
2456:measures
2408:Optimism
2403:Nihilism
2393:Fatalism
2383:Cynicism
2328:Sympathy
2323:Surprise
2165:Pleasure
2087:Kindness
2077:Jealousy
2062:Interest
2029:Hysteria
1912:Euphoria
1855:Distrust
1805:Contempt
1785:Calmness
1677:Emotions
1664:Emotions
1624:Archived
1247:Blushing
1241:See also
1065:Mistakes
1022:Lack of
968:minimize
948:official
928:humorous
903:sweating
899:blushing
888:birthday
762:Surprise
672:Pleasure
622:Kindness
612:Jealousy
607:Interest
532:Euphoria
487:Distrust
442:Contempt
349:Emotions
270:Emotions
262:a series
260:Part of
3507:Actions
3384:Experts
3269:Sarcasm
3239:Nagging
3096:Nursing
3014:Mobbing
2919:Italics
2882:Theory
2838:Feeling
2791:history
2776:bounded
2734:prosody
2541:and sex
2526:and art
2486:science
2442:Affect
2436:Related
2311:chronic
2286:Shyness
2246:Saudade
2232:Sadness
2227:Revenge
2217:Remorse
2148:Passion
2138:Outrage
2128:Neglect
1988:Hiraeth
1887:Empathy
1865:Ecstasy
1850:Disgust
1820:Cruelty
1815:Courage
1780:Boredom
1760:Arousal
1750:Anxiety
1735:Anguish
1602:8667166
1574:Sources
1506:Iberian
1292:Modesty
1230:Judaism
1193:, from
1187:Spanish
1013:Privacy
876:modesty
868:shyness
856:dignity
742:Shyness
717:Saudade
712:Sadness
702:Remorse
662:Passion
652:Outrage
517:Empathy
497:Ecstasy
482:Disgust
452:Courage
427:Boredom
412:Arousal
402:Anxiety
387:Anguish
337:Valence
191:Please
131:scholar
3777:, 2014
3764:, 2008
3751:, 2007
3738:, 2007
3725:, 2005
3712:, 1999
3686:(2016)
3680:(2014)
3674:(2014)
3668:(2013)
3662:(2013)
3656:(2013)
3650:(2012)
3644:(2012)
3638:(2012)
3632:(2011)
3626:(2011)
3620:(2010)
3614:(2010)
3608:(2008)
3602:(2006)
3596:(2003)
3590:(2001)
3584:(2000)
3578:(2000)
3572:(1997)
3566:(1877)
3194:Gossip
3004:Hazing
2994:Doxing
2886:affect
2868:Pathos
2821:social
2665:eating
2338:Wonder
2306:Stress
2296:Sorrow
2212:Relief
2202:Regret
2190:vanity
2185:insult
2180:hubris
2035:Ikigai
2005:Horror
1981:Hatred
1840:Desire
1830:Defeat
1755:Apathy
1600:
1164:Celtic
1160:baraça
1152:Baraça
1148:baraça
1144:baraço
1133:prefix
1043:model)
964:denial
913:, and
880:gossip
862:Causes
830:is an
777:Wonder
752:Sorrow
697:Relief
687:Regret
592:Horror
582:Hatred
467:Desire
407:Apathy
294:Affect
133:
126:
119:
112:
104:
3905:Shame
3279:Shame
2967:Types
2811:moral
2719:labor
2571:group
2350:Worry
2333:Trust
2301:Spite
2281:Shock
2276:Shame
2170:Pride
2143:Panic
2022:Hygge
1962:Guilt
1957:Grief
1952:Greed
1922:Faith
1860:Doubt
1730:Angst
1725:Anger
1715:Agony
1323:Notes
1312:Shame
1267:Guilt
1214:barra
1207:barra
1166:word
1028:skill
960:anger
923:anger
852:honor
841:guilt
837:shame
782:Worry
772:Trust
737:Shock
732:Shame
677:Pride
657:Panic
572:Guilt
567:Grief
562:Greed
537:Faith
492:Doubt
382:Angst
377:Anger
138:JSTOR
124:books
3555:List
3034:Rank
2630:bias
2615:work
2197:Rage
2153:Pity
2114:Lust
2097:Love
2000:Hope
1932:Flow
1927:Fear
1907:Envy
1668:list
1598:PMID
1547:2006
1519:2006
1491:2006
1449:2006
1348:2022
1185:The
1174:for
1168:barr
1026:and
872:nude
839:and
682:Rage
667:Pity
642:Lust
637:Love
587:Hope
542:Fear
527:Envy
314:Mood
110:news
2082:Joy
1770:Awe
1590:doi
1203:in-
1178:in
1146:or
1140:im-
1136:em-
1001:by
954:).
946:or
854:or
826:or
617:Joy
417:Awe
195:by
93:by
3886::
1596:.
1586:70
1584:.
1457:^
1425:11
1423:.
1379:,
1339:.
1176:rr
962:,
909:,
905:,
901:,
894:.
264:on
55:.
3557:)
3553:(
2952:e
2945:t
2938:v
1670:)
1666:(
1656:e
1649:t
1642:v
1604:.
1592::
1549:.
1521:.
1493:.
1451:.
1350:.
1172:r
812:e
805:t
798:v
240:)
234:(
222:)
216:(
211:)
207:(
189:.
160:)
154:(
149:)
145:(
135:·
128:·
121:·
114:·
87:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
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