Hypothetical partition of Belgium

3220:

that 16% of the Flemish wished a split of Belgium. It is interesting to compare this with the 40.8% of Flemings who voted for a party advocating Flemish independence during the 2010 election. In any case, the vast majority of the Belgians want a change: only 8% agree with the current Belgian federal system. The Belgians who participated in this poll were also asked which scenario they would prefer in the event that a partition of Belgium did occur. An independent Flanders together with a union of Brussels and Wallonia was supported by 35% of the Belgians. The creation of three small states (Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia) was preferred by 23%, a union between France and Wallonia was supported by 14%, and a union between Flanders and Brussels together with an independent Wallonia by 12%. In Flanders, 27% supported a three-state scenario and 26% supported a union between Flanders and Brussels. Those who had no preferred scenario numbered 25%. The majority of Walloons (53%) agreed with a union between Brussels and Wallonia while a minority (21%) supported a merge with France. Only 10% of the Walloons prefer an independent Walloon state. In contrast, the Brusselers were divided between a union with Wallonia (39%) and a city-state scenario (34%).

4962:

francophones de la périphérie de Bruxelles et des Wallons des Fourons, l'ambition de créer un État flamand qui ait de moins en moins de comptes à rendre à l'État belge, tel est le projet nationaliste de la Flandre. Seul le projet de construire l'unité de la Wallonie et de Bruxelles au sein d'une Communauté française ... permettra de rééquilibrer les rapports de force entre Communautés au sein de l'État belge. Quelles que soient les visées institutionnelles de la Flandre, l'avenir de Bruxelles et celui de la Wallonie sont indissociablement liés. À cet avenir commun, les Réformateurs associent pleinement les Francophones de la périphérie bruxelloise et les Wallons des Fourons. shall enable to reequilibrate the balance of forces between the Communities within the Belgian state. Whatever the institutional reforms promoted by Flanders, Brussels' and Wallonia's future are undissociably linked. To this common future, the Réformateurs plainly associate the Francophones of Brussels' periphery and the Walloons of Voeren]

2097: 3224:

concrete implementation. Plan B is the continuation of Belgium with Brussels and Wallonia only and the departure of Flanders from the Belgian federation. On October 10, Elio Di Rupo stated on television what his plan was: first, asking the Flemish population whether it was willing to secede; second, asking the population in Brussels and Wallonia whether they intended to remain united within Belgium. He also stressed that in either case citizens living in municipalities with linguistic facilities should also be asked. He however underlined that he did not desire such an extreme response but that this scenario should not be ignored. Di Rupo's declarations on television have been broadly discussed in the French-written press: according to Le Soir, the country had never been so close to a split than this day; less alarmist

2084:

populations in official functions. For example, municipal council meetings in Flanders must take place in Dutch, even if a majority of the council is French-speaking. On the other hand, Dutch-speaking citizens of the Flemish municipalities close to Brussels claim their position is being undermined by the minority rights of French-speaking settlers. Significant pressures in living conditions have kept the two main communities separate and confined to their majority regions; stark ethnic and linguistic segregation has emerged in Brussels, the capital and largest city of the country. Ethnic tensions have affected some of the city's surrounding municipalities, which are situated in Flanders, but have had a great influx of monolingual French-speakers as a result of suburbanisation. These Dutch-speaking "

3639:), at a colloquium regarding Brussels, on December 5, 2001, states that in Brussels there is 91% of the population speaking French at home, either alone or with another language, and there is about 20% speaking Dutch at home, either alone (9%) or with French (11%) – After pondering, the repartition can be estimated at between 85 and 90% French-speaking, and the remaining are Dutch-speaking, corresponding to the estimations based on languages chosen in Brussels by citizens for their official documents (ID, driving licenses, weddings, birth, death, and so on); all these statistics on language are also available at Belgian Department of Justice (for weddings, birth, death), Department of Transport (for Driving licenses), Department of Interior (for IDs), because there are no means to know 2847:(Open VLD) want more socio-economic and financial autonomy for Flanders, a homogenous division of responsibilities, more cooperation between the communities and regions and a strong federal state. Green, the Flemish green party, wants another round in the state reform, but only if it leads to more solidarity, a better functioning of the institutions and more democracy. It states on its website that it does not want to reform for the purpose of reforming. Green wants Belgium to remain a federal state and considers the cooperation between different communities within one state to be a challenge rather than a problem. It also pleads for federal loyalty and respect for the rulings of the Constitutional Court and wants to see a more homogenous division of responsibilities. 3531:

country, gradually declined, giving way to a serious economic recession from which it has not yet recovered. In 1996 74.5% of the industrial gross added value was generated in the Flemish region, which contain 58% of Belgium's population. Consequently, the cultural and linguistic balance of power in Belgium shifted towards Flanders (Willemyns, 1992). The present-day social and economic imbalance between Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia is to be considered potentially disruptive for the continuation of Belgium's existence, since it requires a considerable amount of so-called 'solidarity transfers' from Flanders to Wallonia (for 80%) and from Flanders to Brussels (for 20%). Most of these transfers occur in the field of social security financing (De Boeck, 1999).

975: 2075:

increasingly stressing the separate cultural identity of Wallonia. Another current is merely Francophone and pro-Belgian, but not regional as such, mainly based on the French-speakers of Brussels and especially of the surrounding rim municipalities which are effectively suburbs of Brussels but situated in Flanders. The two movements have in common the support of the French language, support of the Belgian state and opposition to further federal devolution. A minority of Walloons, however, support increased independence. Flemish nationalists have claimed that the French-speaking "Belgicists" of Brussels and its suburbs do not have common interests with the Walloons, but that these two parties have formed a

1139: 3042:, make it a unifying force, making partition unlikely at least for the near future. In response to heightening domestic and international speculation regarding the country's future, the Belgian government launched a public relations campaign through its embassies worldwide to assuage concerns and fight speculation that Belgium's division is impending, as indicated by numerous recent public opinion polls. The King of the Belgians rejected notions and speculation over a change in the nature of the Belgian state as part of proposals for the formation of a working government. 2321: 1617: 2858:. The Reformist Movement, the Francophone liberal party, stresses in its manifesto that the Flemings are intending to split most of the solidarity mechanisms that exist between the Belgians. They also state that they minimize the importance of the Brussels-Capital Region as a constitutional component of the federal state. Their approach is to build strong links between the different components of the French-speaking part of Belgium, including Brussels and Wallonnia as well as the municipalities with a French-speaking presence around Brussels and in 1048: 276: 2040: 1206: 857: 3034:

support secession from Belgium. Other surveys indicated only 12% of the Flemings want the end of Belgium, whereas 37% want more responsibilities to be devolved to communities and the regions. Many French-speakers maintain that there is sufficient regional autonomy and that Flemish demands are exaggerated and separatist in nature. However, the diversity of Brussels and its significant economic and geopolitical importance in the Western hemisphere as the headquarters of the

1726:

late 20th century occurred parallel to the growth of service and technological industries in Flanders, aggravating socio-economic tensions. Modern Fleming demands center over the alleged over-taxation of Flanders and insufficient autonomy and complaints over the concentration of social services in Wallonia, causing a so-called "stream of money" from Flanders to Wallonia. The Flemish movement has inspired the growth of Flemish nationalist political parties such as the

3264:. According to Berhendt, a hypothetical partition of Belgium is constrained by the fact that no political party is ready to split Belgium at the cost of separating from the numerous international organizations to which Belgium is affiliated. These constraints are such that a splitting of the country would require the modification and ratification of a huge number of treaties. The interpenetration of the Belgian entities is so complicated that, in comparison, the 1641: 902: 4860:« Même pas peur », réagit la Flandre, qui peine à prendre la menace au sérieux. Côté francophone aussi, on a de gros doutes. Comme au MR, sur la touche des négociations politiques : « Je ne crois pas à la sincérité des socialistes qui se sont exprimés de cette façon. Ils veulent faire peur aux francophones à un point tel que ce qu'ils accepteront par la suite apparaîtra comme une solution, un soulagement », décode le sénateur 5755:[An "inner Belgian" affair, said Ponitowski: "We cannot intervene, this is a state governed by law." The strange solution of a union with France in case of implosion is quickly swept aside. This would be a come back of an "old Napoleonic tradition" for the MEP Jean-Louis Bourlanges, "an absurd and vertiginous perspective", declares Moscovici. Lazaro said: "Who are we to say 'you are not all-well at home, please come home to us!'?"] 796: 1538: 3280:), two doorways are open: Plan B1, Belgium dissolves into two entities Flanders on the one hand and a new Wallonia-Brussels state on the other; and Plan B2, Flanders secedes and a residual Belgian state continues with Brussels and Wallonia. Though it is clear that Plan B2 is favorable to the Francophones, it is not evident that it would be accepted by the Flemings and by a hypothetical international tribunal. According to the Gewif ( 3272:, such as China, Russia or Spain, because this would create a precedent they cannot allow; the creation of an autonomous European district in Brussels is not a realistic perspective because the European Union, as it is now, is not able to administer such a large city; a scenario where Flanders and Brussels would form a union is unlikely either because, according to Berhendt, the French-speakers will never agree on such a treaty. For 2826: 5672:

favorable. Étude réalisée du 8 au 9 novembre auprès d'un échantillon de 958 personnes, représentatif de la population française âgée de 18 ans et plus. French-speaking provinces, to France? 44% somewhat favourable; 18% Rather not favourable; 23% In no way favourable; 5% No opinion; 10% Strongly favourable. Survey conducted on November 8–9 from a sample of 958 persons, representative of the French adult population.]

2247:

of the bilingual region is out of the question for the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of these communities and for virtually all Flemish political parties, who say that these newer inhabitants should respect and adjust to the language of the region they are moving into. In fact the facilities now in place were initially established in order to ease the adaptation of the French-speaking to living in a Flemish area.

3126: 2108:

culture, law and education. From 1880 onwards, more and more Dutch-speaking people became bilingual and passed only French on to their children, resulting in a rise of monolingual French-speakers after 1910. Halfway through the 20th century, the number of monolingual French-speakers carried the day over the (mostly) bilingual Flemish inhabitants. Only since the 1960s, after the fixation of the Belgian

2796:

problems. This openly separatist point of view expressed by the French-speaking Socialists is analysed by some, including French-speaking liberals and most Flemish politicians, as an idle threat which aims at forcing progress in communitarian negotiations. The heart of the problem is not the partition of Belgium but its federalization also called regionalization or communitarization. This process of

2200: 2882:(N-VA). N-VA does not openly advocate the partition of Belgium, instead proposing a confederalist solution, where the center of power would shift to the regional governments, while certain tasks such as e.g. the army, diplomacy or the national football competition would remain on the Belgian level. Another openly separatist moderate party that emerged in 2007 is 1305:, who cited the danger posed by a British base on the European mainland. Belgium was subsequently established as an independent Kingdom. According to Flemish and Walloon nationalists, it was established as a ‘buffer state’ to check the ambitions of France. Wallonia and Flanders did not exist in 1830. The National Congress of the Kingdom chose a German prince, 1313:, as the Head of State. A historian of the Belgian revolution said that "in Belgium, there are parties and provinces, but no nation. Like a tent erected for one night, the new monarchy, after sheltering us from the tempest, will disappear without a trace." This opinion is however not shared by the overwhelming majority of historians. 4826:"Let's hope it doesn't come to that because if we split, it will be the weakest who will pay the heaviest price. On the other hand, we can no longer ignore that among a large part of the Flemish population, it's their wish," Miss Onkelinx told La Deniere Heure newspaper. "So yes, we have to get ready for the break-up of Belgium. 157:. The feudal borders did not match the linguistic borders, and some fiefdoms were divided into Francophone and Germanic regions. However, the ruling aristocracy, which usually spoke languages other than the population, did not much bother about these language-related disparities. After the 1581 secession of the 5923:

En cas de volonté d'indépendance de la population flamande, il faudra demander aux francophones s'ils souhaitent une Belgique composée de la Wallonie et de Bruxelles, et demander leur choix aux habitants des six communes à facilités, a indiqué dimanche le président du PS Elio Di Rupo sur les plateaux

5671:

Vous personnellement, en cas d'éclatement de la Belgique, seriez-vous favorable ou pas favorable au rattachement de la Wallonie, c'est-à-dire des provinces francophones, à la France? 44%, Plutôt favorable; 18%, Plutôt pas favorable; 23%, Pas du tout favorable; 5%, Ne se prononce pas; 10%, Tout à fait

5204:

7. Maintenir l'unité de la Belgique dans le cadre fédéral actuel. Le Front National propose à tous les Belges une paix communautaire. Il souligne les liens culturels et historiques qui, depuis des siècles, unissent nos populations de langues germanique et romane. L'unité de la Belgique lui assure, au

5172:

L'Union belge (Belgische Unie – B.U.B.) est un parti centriste, créé en 2002, qui a pour but final la création d'une nouvelle Belgique unitaire, c'est-à-dire avec un seul gouvernement, un seul parlement sans communautés ni régions, avec une décentralisation sur la base de 9 provinces (ce qui implique

4925:

nous sommes contre la régionalisation de la sécurité sociale, contre toute avancée de l'autonomie fiscale et contre la régionalisation de la politique de l'emploi. Nous sommes opposés à la régionalisation de la politique de l'emploi et de la concertation sociale au niveau fédéral car elle signera la

4889:

Il faudra notamment répéter ensemble, entre francophones, que nous sommes opposés à toute scission de la sécurité sociale dans toutes ses branches (soins de santé, allocations familiales, etc.) Il faudra aussi répéter notre volonté d'élargir la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale afin notamment de donner un

2279:

of the Flemish and the French-speaking Communities of Brussels, where both sides would govern Brussels together for national and international issues. For all local territorial policies, Brussels would be fully autonomous. For all 'non-territorial' public services (as culture, welfare and education),

2246:

surrounding Brussels. As a result of suburbanisation and an influx of French-speakers and EU officials from Brussels, these municipalities have in recent decades become increasingly French-speaking to an extent that French-speakers now form a majority in some municipalities. In contrast, an extension

5105:

The necessary alliance of our two regions, Wallonia and Brussels, with France would ... have to be organised in line with that concept of our national identity. That would entail negotiations sanctioned by a referendum. Some form of special status may be envisaged for Brussels. As for the population

3219:

of the 1970s). This percentage is to be compared with the 12% of the Belgians wanting a partition of the country and the 32% who desired a further federalization. The poll also showed that a unitary Belgian state was supported by 22% of the Flemish, 50% of the Brusselers and 51% of the Walloons, and

2829:

The relative weights of largest Flemish parties at the federal Chamber of Representatives. The largest Flemish separatist party was the Vlaams Blok/Vlaams Belang (VB) from 1991 to 2007. In the federal election 2010 and 2014, the largest separatist party was the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA). In 2007

2361:

railway, which runs as a Belgian exclave through German territory, the two parts are not connected. Approximately 75,000 people live there. The conflict between Walloons and Flemings provided the German-speaking Community with considerable autonomy. Although the region is too small to play a role in

944:

exists, there are no official statistics on Belgium's three official languages or their dialects. Various criteria, including the language(s) of parents, of education, or the second-language status of foreign born, may affect suggested figures. An estimated 59% of the Belgian population speaks Dutch

5148:

De Belgische Unie — Union belge (B.U.B.) is een centrumpartij, opgericht in 2002, die als einddoel heeft de creatie van een nieuw unitair België, d.w.z. met één regering en één parlement, zonder gewesten en gemeenschappen, met provinciale decentralisatie op basis van 9 provincies (wat de hereniging

5029:

The Vlaams Belang strives for the secession of Flanders from the artificial Belgian state. Our aim is to dissolve Belgium and establish an independent Flemish state. This state will be sovereign over the Dutch-speaking territory of Belgium and will include Brussels, which is the capital of Flanders

3625:

for its less than 5% French-speakers), and an estimated 20,000–25,000 speakers of German in Wallonia outside the geographical boundaries of their official Community, or 0.9%; French: in the latter area as well as mainly in the rest of Wallonia (3.414 – 0.093 = 3.321 million) and 85% of the Brussels

2132:

Another idea is that Brussels would form a union with Wallonia, often referred to as Wallobrux. One problem is that the regions do not border each other, as Brussels is an enclave in Flanders. Some French-speaking politicians therefore demand that a corridor be made between the two territories (see

2074:

After the division of Belgium into two clearly separate linguistic areas, and after the economic decline of Wallonia, two more or less separate currents have formed. One is a more regional Walloon movement, demanding to maintain the solidarity between the richer north and the poorer south, but also

1725:

developed during the 19th century, the largely agrarian Flanders area trailed in socio-economic development, leading to widespread demands for regional autonomy and the correction of imbalances in taxation, social services, and representation. The deterioration of the Walloon industrial base in the

1501:

and the expansion of modern media such as television, the mid-20th century saw a uniformization of the different language regions, leading to the domination of the standard languages in their respective domains. In Wallonia, French became the dominant, priority language (local dialects being seldom

4135:

Zur prestige Sprache wurde in den Spanischen Niederlanden ganz eindeutig das Französische. Die Vertreter Spaniens beherrschte normalerweise das Französische, nicht aber das Niedderländische; ein beachtlicher Teil der am Hofe tätigen Adligen stammte aus Wallonien, das sich ja eher auf fie spanische

3620:

Footnote: Native speakers of Dutch living in Wallonia and of French in Flanders are relatively small minorities which furthermore largely balance one another, hence counting all inhabitants of each monolingual area to the area's language can cause only insignificant inaccuracies (99% can speak the

3475:

Statistical data revealed that the Walloon population had a per capita consumption of publicly funded health care significantly higher than the Flemish population. This could be attributed in part to its demographic structure (more elderly people) and to its economic situation (more unemployment).

3290:

published a five-page article on the possible consequences. According to this analysis, the largest burden on the shoulders of the new Brussels-Wallonian state would be unemployment (17% of the workers; to be compared to 8% in Flanders) and state debt (€150 billion, 106% of GDP). However Le

3033:

and institutions, as well as claim Belgium is an "unnatural" and "artificial" state, formed simply as a buffer between France and other European powers during 19th century conflicts), some public opinion polls performed during the communautary crisis showed that approximately 46% of Flemish people

2790:

The parties with long lasting participation in the Belgian governments, that is the Christian Democrats, the Liberals and the Socialists, as well as the Green parties, usually refuse to speak openly about a possible partitioning of Belgium. This question seems to be taboo on the Belgian political

1038:

Dutch is mainly spoken by approximately 150,000 residents, or a 15% minority, at most. The city has strong economic ties with surrounding Flanders, and many Dutch-speakers commute to Brussels for work; but, at the same time, the expanding suburbs of Brussels led to a majority of French-speakers in

220:

electoral district and the rise of extremist political parties, has given a fresh impetus to the issue, with recent opinion polls showing sizable support for a partition. However, support for a unified state remains among the majority of Belgium's people. Unitarists claim that the monarchy, strong

2254:

consisted of Brussels and 35 surrounding municipalities in Flanders. Prior to its dissolution, this district was the last remaining entity in Belgium that did not coincide with provincial borders, and as such had been deemed unconstitutional by the Belgian Constitutional Court. The district was a

2107:

The main reason for Brussels being mainly French-speaking was the low social prestige of the Dutch language in Belgium during the 19th century and the severe discrimination against both Dutch as a language and the Flemings. French was, at that time, the language of the administration, government,

2083:

Since the 1960s, Belgian political parties and civic organizations have witnessed bifurcation of membership and organizations between Walloon and Flanders. Ethnic tensions affect the working of local governments, which often pass laws prohibiting the use of the language of the respective minority

1161:

during the French occupation from 1794 to 1815. The new entities or departments mirrored, approximately, the language border. For instance the new division separated the bilingual kernel of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège into two more or less monolingual regions. The only major exceptions were the

2795:

context. In particular, on September 6, 2010, after long lasting negotiation for the formation of the federal government, most leaders of the French-speaking Socialist Party simultaneously declared that they now consider the partition of Belgium as a realistic alternative solution to the Belgian

203:

Since the 1960s, separate regions have been created based on the country's linguistic division. As a result, minorities in certain areas (in and around Brussels and along the language border) claim to be disenfranchised in local government and services. Along with the usual left–right political

4032:

Mais ... ne devait plus être compris d'une large partie de la population en 1761, quand il fallut traduire en français le réglement de la confrérie de Saint-Sébastien, au terme d'un processus d'assimilation enclenché par les armées de Louis XIV. ... could not be spoken by a large part of the

3223:

On October 4, 2010, De Wever (N-VA) left the negotiations. His exit put Di Rupo's Plan B for Belgium, i.e. a partition of Belgium along the borderline of the French Community, under a new light and many, particularly in the French-speaking part of the country, started to speak openly about its

2311:

This dual authority ensured a relatively stable and prosperous institutional environment for nearly six centuries (from 1204 till 1794). The citizens from Maastricht had to choose between the Brabant nationality (and jurisprudence) and the Liège nationality. Each had its own judges and public

2238:

within its boundaries, and make it three or four times larger than the current capital region. Currently, Brussels is the most important seat of EU institutions, but the EU has no formal capital. It has been claimed that a large and independent status may help Brussels advance its claim as the

1760:

The Walloon movement arose in the 19th century along with the language disputes; French-speakers sought the preservation of the French language and culture as the defining creed of the country. French-speaking politicians (who were sometimes elected in Flanders) and other influential citizens

3530:

From the late 1950s onwards, the economy of Flanders was transformed from one based on agriculture to one based on industry and trade, and the region experienced a rise in its standard of living. At the same time, the heavy industrial economy of Wallonia, formerly the wealthier portion of the

3080:

to "take without delay the measures necessary for the purpose of preparing the break-up of the Belgian State, so the three communities—Flemings, Walloons and Germans—can go their own separate ways." Most Flemish parties voted against the consideration of the proposal. The three members of the

2378:

and, per se, would stay so in the event of partition. This status quo solution is the most probable, although it is uncertain whether or not the German-speakers could maintain their cultural and political rights in the long term in an otherwise monolingual francophone country. The other three

4961:

La volonté de rupture des solidarités économiques et sociales entre le Nord et le Sud du pays, l'ambition d'affaiblir Bruxelles dans sa réalité de région à part entière et de grande ville francophone, les initiatives répétées visant à mettre à néant les droits culturels et linguistiques des

3106:

in the Netherlands showed that between 45% and 77% of Dutch nationals (the results of the two different polls) would support a merger of their country with Flanders. However a similar poll performed by Synovate Nederland in 2010, showed that only 20% of the Dutch support a union between the

1221:

and the United Kingdom) were divided over their response to the revolution of the Belgian people against the Dutch royal authorities. France favored the secession of Belgium from the Netherlands, hoping to annex all or at least part of the area, which was also the aim of most of the Belgian

2307:

holding joint sovereignty over the city. In 1284, this dual authority was formally endorsed in a constitutional agreement, the 'Alde Caerte' ('Old Charter'). After some disputes in the interpretation, this was elaborated further in 1356 with the Doghter Caerte ('Daughter Charter'). These

1679:

asserted that Belgian identity was not defined on racial, ethnic or linguistic lines, but in the civilizational community of the Belgian people. Supporters of a partition of Belgium argue that the synchronized attempts to forge a national identity and culture have been unable to forestall

2862:. The aim of this approach is to create a strong autonomous Francophone component within the federal state. Écolo, the Francophone Green party, supports an improvement of the political links between the communities. They suggest, among other things, the creation of a national electoral 4136:

Seite geschlagen hatte als Flandern und Brabant. In dieser Situation war es selbstverständlich, dass die flämischen Adligen, die im Laufe der Zeit immer mehr ebenfalls zu Hofbeamten wurden, sich des Französischen bedienen mussten, wenn sie als gleichwertig anerkannt werden wollten.

2954: 242:, 28.4% of the population supports a partition of Belgium whereas 62.7% opposes it; the remaining 8.8% having no opinion; ignoring those without opinion, this would leave 31.2% in favour and 68.8% opposed to partition. However, the opinion poll was limited to the Flemish province of 1017:

The Capital Region having bilingual status obliges its authorities to attend to people and organisations in French or Dutch language as these prefer, and to show street names in both languages on the plates, but does not allow a bilingual school as education belongs to either the

3107:

Netherlands and Flanders. A comparable poll held in 2007 in France showed that a majority of French citizens would support a merger of Wallonia with France, if Belgium ceased to exist. However, French politicians have ruled out any interference into the inner Belgian debate.

3962:

22: 'En Belgique, il y a des partis et des provinces, et point de nation. Cornme une tente dressee pour une nuit, la monarchie nouvelle, apres nous avoir abrites contre la ternpete, disparaitra sans laisser de traces.' All English translations of French quotations are my

2842:

Socialist Party Different (sp.a), the Flemish socialist party, states on its website that it believes an independent Flanders is not necessary. It does support the devolution of a number of additional responsibilities, such as the railways or the policy of employment.

3137: 2886:, which was relatively successful in the 2007 federal and 2009 regional elections, winning several seats, but subsequently lost all of them again in the 2014 federal and regional elections, due to the large success of the N-VA . In Wallonia and Brussels, only the 2079:

alliance to oppose the Dutch-speaking majority. According to this analysis, Walloon politicians would allegedly give political support to the French-speaking politicians of Brussels (and its surroundings) in return for receiving economic support to Wallonia.

1127:. In particular Brabant and Flanders were divided into northern and southern components. Though the fiefdoms constituting the Southern Netherlands were more or less ruled by a single reigning House, they were all quite distinct. Different traditions and 2356:

and the surrounding villages are Walloon and therefore are not part of the German-speaking Community.) The territory consists of two parts with a total area of about 850 km (330 sq mi). Apart from being linked by the route of the disused

192:. Dutch speakers demanded equal rights beginning in the late 19th century, but these were only introduced gradually throughout the 20th century. While postage stamps became bilingual in 1893, it was not until 1967 that an official Dutch version of the 3291:

Soir's columnists observed that the new state would have a huge GDP per capita (€31,000) and would rank 7th among the 27 EU states. Nevertheless, this would be only due to the inclusion of Brussels where the GDP per capita numbers more than €60,000.

3994:

For almost a century (and in spite of the deficient methodology) there were, with the exception of Brussels, no significant differences from one census to another (Martens, 1975), a fact demonstrating the remarkable stability of Belgium's linguistic

2167:, which is a distinct entity from the Vatican City State under international law — the Union's structure has no experience at governing at this level at present. To fulfill this solution in practice, Brussels would probably need to be an independent 5741: :«On ne doit pas intervenir, c'est un État de droit.» Quant à la solution, saugrenue, d'un rattachement de la Wallonie à la France en cas d'implosion, elle est vite balayée. Retour d'une «vieille tradition napoléonienne» pour l'eurodéputé 5289:

and therefore acts as a mediator between the different political parties. However it is not clear whether the head of the Belgian state acts on his own initiative or only on the advice of senior politicians, of the caretaker government or of the

3208:

published the result of a poll within the Flemish population. According to these results 60% of the Flemish did not desire an independent Flemish state and 26% were willing to support a partition. A similar poll taken on September 25, 2010, by

4647: 4991:Écolo estime qu'il convient de moderniser les institutions de la Belgique, afin de renforcer le système fédéral. Écolo propose notamment l'élection d'une partie des parlementaires fédéraux sur base d'une circonscription électorale nationale. 2373:

Four theoretical scenarios are usually considered in the event that a partition of Belgium would occur: remaining with Wallonia, sovereign statehood, reattachment to Germany, or attachment to Luxembourg. The community is part of the Walloon

5402:

An estimated 25,000 people marched in Belgium's capital Sunday to vent their anger about a political deadlock that has prevented a government from taking office and stoked fears the nation of Dutch- and French-speakers may break apart. ...

2088:" are obliged to offer local government services in French, meaning health-care and public amenities are divided on linguistic lines, and in some municipalities the original French-speaking minority is believed to have become a majority. 2399:). Because of the strong cohesion of the regional population, however, some would prefer the creation of an independent state. They argue that the new country would, for example, be five times as large and more than twice as populous as 1505:

The historical language border in the Low Countries corresponds to the frontier between populations whose majorities spoke distinct languages. However, the ruling upper classes most often spoke French. As was the case in many European

3621:

language). Dutch: Flanders' 6.079 million inhabitants and about 15% of Brussels's 1.019 million are 6.23 million or 59.3% of the 10.5 million inhabitants of Belgium (2006); German: 70,400 in the German-speaking Community (which has

4286: 3167:

was then called for June 13, amid fears that coalition-building would once again be protracted. In Flanders, the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) party won a plurality with 27.8% of votes, while the winning party in Wallonia was the

4164:

Die Bourgeoisie der flämischen Städte ging auch im privaten Bereiche mehr und mehr zum Französischen über. Die Kinder wurden im Kreise von Kindermädchen und Dienern aus Wallonien und Frankreich vollkommen französisch erzogen.

2123:

One idea is that the city rejoins Flanders in which Brussels is geographically and economically embedded. Proposals include a guarantee that the linguistic rights of the French-speaking population in Brussels are safeguarded.

1574:, regional, and community governments were created, a compromise designed to minimize linguistic, cultural, social and economic tensions. The authority of the Regions and Communities is limited to some language areas: 4673: 2379:

possibilities would become realistic only if Wallonia were to seek unification with France. Since the community used to be part of Germany, "reunification" seems to be the logical step to take (the region borders the

184:. Major European powers were divided in opinion over the fallout of the revolution. Ultimately, the state of Belgium, composed of provinces of both French-speaking and Dutch-speaking people, gained independence as a 5439:

The demonstration grew out of a website petition to "Save Belgium", which attracted 140,000 signatures in three months. Although about 35,000 marched yesterday, it was still a small percentage of the 10.5 million

3336:

believes while the eventual partition of Belgium has always been a possibility, it is unlikely to happen over the medium-term. It added that the most likely scenario is that hard-fought negotiation will result in

1514:, succeeded in making French not only the language of the court but also of their administrations. For instance, while the major part of the population of Luxembourg speaks Luxembourgish in a private context, the 3413: 2985:

had been the prime candidate to lead the national government, but a political gaffe would prove to be his undoing. Asked to sing the Belgian national anthem in French at National Day celebrations, instead of the

4183:

De Nederlandstalige literatuur raakte in het Zuiden na het begin van de 17e eeuw voor lange tijd zodanig in de versukkeling, dat zij zo goed als geen teksten voorbracht die nog nu enige belangstelling op kunnen

2968:

resulted in no political party or coalition gaining enough seats to form a working majority. The crisis continued for 196 days, leaving Belgium without a government with a popular mandate. While prime minister

4217:

In Belgium the constitutional notion of language border not only refers to the demarcation lines between monolingual territories but also to the demarcation lines between monolingual and officially bilingual

1553:

in 1970. The border between the language areas is the so-called Belgian language or linguistic border. It is based on the actual language border between the sprachräume but is not utterly identical. Through

1030:

in the Flemish Region, though near Wallonia. Constitutionally, it is a politically distinct Region, while within its boundaries both the Flemish and French Communities exercise their authority. Historically,

6010:

Edgard Baeckeland; Guy Bertrand; Willy Burgeon; Jean-Alexis D'Heur; Jules Gheude; Marc Hansen; Jean-Sébastien Jamart; Jean-Luc Lefèvre; Jean Lerusse; Michel Pieret; Jean-François Renwart (August 16, 2010).

1201:

Dutch king. The Belgians had little influence over their lives and resented Dutch control and domination over economic, political and social institutions, sentiment that culminated in revolution in 1830.

3284:), Di Rupo's Plan B is not viable because the new Brussels-Wallonia would inherit an unbearable debt. The Gewif therefore argued that only a union with France would be possible. On September 13 3256:

condensed Di Rupo's Plan B down to a tactical move in order to put the pressure on the negotiations and redefine the relations between PS and MR. The Plan B proposed by Di Rupo was developed by

2243: 4839: 5407:'s petition calling for unity has been signed by 140,000 Belgians in recent weeks. It urges politicians "to stop wasting money at our expense on quarrels that interest only a small minority." 4290: 3643:

the proportions since Belgium has abolished 'official' linguistic censuses, thus official documents on language choices can only be estimations. For a web source on this topic, see e.g.

4549: 1698:

was and still is predominantly Dutch-speaking. The government's long refusal to acknowledge Dutch as an official language led to hostilities between Flanders and the French-speaking

5217: 2391:). However, opponents to this idea argue that the autonomy of the region would be lost in Germany as much as it would be in France, though giving the region the status of a German 2431:

is said to have supported such a project. He, however, has refuted this and has committed himself to the continued union with Belgium. In an interview with the German TV-channel

396: 2916:

There are several Walloon representatives of the Socialist Party in the Walloon Parliament who are in favour of the Walloon Regionalism, also in the Walloon Government such as

2300: 4033:

population in 1761 when the reglement of the brotherhood of Saint Sebastian had to be translated in French, after an assimilation process initiated by the armies of Louis XIV]

2814:. While most Francophones argue that the state reform is unnecessary, virtually all Flemish political parties demand a severe reform of the Belgian state. In particular the 1761:

opposed the Flemish demands for the recognition of Dutch and wished to maintain a centralized government to prevent regionalization. On the other hand, the Walloon politician

3228:

observed that the negotiations are deadlocked and considered Di Rupo's move a good way to define the point that the Francophones are not ready to negotiate further. However

4861: 1157:

have nothing in common with the partitioning lines which currently separate the Belgian federal entities. The French disbanded these feudal entities and replaced them with

3025:

Although most Flemish political parties describe their demands as limited to seeking greater regional autonomy and decentralization of government (save for members of the

1706:, which began as a literary and cultural organization, but later became a political movement that called for legal recognition of Dutch and for social emancipation of the 3420: 4735: 3143:(PS), the Walloon winner of 2010 Belgian federal elections, though opposed to a separation, proposed a Plan B to organize the partition of Belgium in case Plan A, the 1197:

against any expansionist ambitions of France. However, this placed the Catholic Belgian provinces, including French-speaking Wallonia, under Dutch-majority rule and a

5598: 1510:, French was historically the nobility's language. This was also the case most of the rest of the Low Countries. Several sovereigns of the region, notably including 971:; around 10,000 German and 60,000 Belgian nationals are speakers of German. Roughly 23,000 more German speakers live in municipalities near the official Community. 5888: 1746:. While the N-VA seeks greater autonomy and favours the independence of Flanders, possibly in a confederate state, the Vlaams Belang is more clearly separatist. 1541:

The official language border as defined since 1963. The municipalities with language facilities, shaded darker. All of the German area has language facilities.

5624: 4230: 1518:

of Luxembourg is French. As another example, the motto of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is the French phrase: "Je maintiendrai", because the language of the

5586:

Some 45% of Dutch nationals would welcome a merger between the Netherlands and the Flemish community in Belgium, according to polling agency Maurice de Hond.

4752:

Dans le même temps, le PS sort du bois vu la tournure des événements pour évoquer la fin possible de la Belgique. En quelques jours, les barons du parti, de

3714: 2890:

party is openly separatist. This party, which has no elected representative at either the national or regional level, promotes the partition of Belgium and

2791:

scene and is discussed only from time to time by mainstream politicians in order to menace the other community, not unlike the atomic bomb threat during the

5565: 4722:

propose que les francophones créent une «Belgique française», réunissant les régions de Bruxelles et de Wallonie, qui serait «associée» à la France !

4568:"De historische kracht van de Vlaamse beweging in België: de doelstellingen van gister, de verwezenlijkingen vandaag en de culturele aspiraties voor morgen" 2312:

services. Something similar would be the case if Brussels became a condominium governed by the two major communities, the French-speakers and the Flemings.

3257: 1107:

was almost an enclave within the Seventeen Provinces. The prince-bishopric was not formally included in the Habsburgs' dominion but was, since the time of

4457: 2905:

also supports the unity of Belgium since it considers the federalisation of the country as an employers' attack at the welfare state and the unity of the

229:) serve merely as obstacles to an inevitable partition. Some political observers have suggested that a possible partition of Belgium may be a blow to the 3684:, though the Brussels-Capital Region might be intended because of its name and also its other municipalities housing institutions typical for a capital. 3187:(PS). The large number of implied parties was due not only to the multipolar Belgian political landscape but also to the will of the Flemish parties to 2109: 1546: 719: 712: 4847: 3694: 2874:

In Flanders, several large parties openly call for a partition of the country. Until the 2010 federal elections, the largest was the far-right party

2180: 1396: 5651:"Les Français majoritairement pour le rattachement de la Wallonie [Transl.: A majority of the French support union of Wallonia with France]" 5318:"Op 21 juli, de nationale feestdag, giet Leterme dan nog eens ongewild olie op het vuur door de Marseillaise te zingen in plaats van de Brabançonne" 3776: 3656: 3452: 3273: 3056:

on November 22, 2007, rejected the consideration of a proposed resolution to dissolve Belgium. The resolution had been introduced on October 29 by

4938: 2226:

Some have, however, suggested that these wealthy areas would make the city financially viable as an independent state, potentially give it around

5992: 5914: 5814: 5788: 4780: 3268:

appears quite simple. According to Berhendt several scenarios are therefore impossible: a unilateral secession of Flanders would be rejected by

5862: 6031: 5936: 4365: 3179:

Although seven parties (N-VA, CD&V, sp.a, Groen!, PS, cdH, and Ecolo) were participating, the negotiations were led by the main winners,

2215:

A controversial issue, complicating the "city-state" scenario, is the possible extension of the Brussels capital region into the surrounding

833: 3202:

showed that a third of the French-speaking population supported the beginning of preparations for the country's partition. On September 13,

2897:

Several small parties with no or very few seats at the parliament campaign explicitly for the unity of the Belgian state. The conservative

2362:

the negotiations, it obtained an autonomy similar to that of its larger neighbors. The German-speaking Belgians now have a parliament and a

4546: 3575: 594: 589: 584: 579: 4768:, ont tous dit haut et fort, et très clairement que la fin du pays était possible et, surtout, que les francophones devaient s'y préparer. 5221: 4312: 2363: 2096: 380: 5481:"Proposal of Resolution to break-up the Belgian State with a view to granting independence to the sovereign Flemish and Walloon peoples" 4810: 3310: 3198:

Some in the international media saw this election as evidence that Belgium would be partitioned. On September 9, 2010, a poll taken by

1675:

began to emerge in the late 19th century, seeking to overcome the ethnic and linguistic divide and create a national culture. Historian

1522:

reigning family was French until 1890. In Flanders, until the beginning of the 20th century, many upper class Flemish burghers, such as

1222:

insurgents. After this proposal had been rejected by the other European powers, which supported the continued union of the Netherlands,

5187: 3120: 2999:

Eventually, after 196 days, the parties finally succeeded in forming a new government. In December 2008, another crisis related to the

2260: 2256: 1158: 209: 5973: 2981:, several leading politicians were nominated without success by the King to build a stable governmental coalition. Flemish politician 5111: 4793:'We moeten alle scenario's overwegen, dus ook de splitsing van het land.' Niet zonder enig gevoel voor dramatiek stelde PS-boegbeeld 3014:-led government brought a brief period of fragile stability, but ended when Van Rompuy left his office to become the first full-term 2996:, France's anthem. Leterme's error drew condemnation from the different communities, aggravating distrust and separatist sentiments. 2830:

the NVA was presenting a single list together with the Flemish Christian Democrats (CD&V). The more former moderate nationalist

1388: 1384: 4260: 3950: 3408: 1302: 3102: 2948: 4618: 4070:

Le curé d'Opheylissem, ou d'Hélécine, note ... vers 1740–45: 'Les actes de loi furent mis en français seulement en 1730 ou 1733.'

3791: 2344:

in the east is in fact more an observer than a player in the difficult negotiations between Flanders and Wallonia. The region of

3622: 3045:

On November 18, 2007, an estimated 25,000 people marched in Brussels to support the unity of Belgium. The march was organized by

2204: 2071:

were "excluded from the national power, between 1884 and 1902 there was only one Walloon in the Belgian government at any time".

1649: 1625: 1135:

appeared. Within the largest fiefdoms like Liège, Flanders and Luxembourg, several distinct languages and dialects were in use.

6012: 5719: 5359: 4556:, BTNG-RBHC, XXI, 1990, 3–4, pp. 383–412, Machteld de Metsenaere, Eerst aanwezend assistent en docent Vrije Universiteit Brussel 4086: 4049: 4011: 343: 806: 6059: 5056: 4349: 2280:

each community would enjoy autonomy. This idea is in general popular among Flemish politicians, such as socialist politician

5088: 4739: 4565: 4547:"Thuis in gescheiden werelden" — De migratoire en sociale aspecten van verfransing te Brussel in het midden van de 19e eeuw" 180:

in 1830, when residents of the Southern Netherlands rebelled against the newfound hegemony of the northern provinces of the

5115: 3269: 3152: 2937: 2925: 2901:

promotes a stronger federal government and a return to the Belgian unitary state which existed in the 1960s. The far-left

2844: 2659: 2341: 2060: 1601: 964: 892: 502: 391: 205: 95: 17: 5155: 5131: 5012: 4907:"Colloque du Cepess : " La Belgique à tout prix ? " [Transl: Cepess Symposium: "Belgium at all costs?"]" 3607: 3195:, which can be modified according only to very restrictive rules including a two-thirds majority vote in the Lower House. 5243: 2751: 1714:

made Dutch an official language of Belgium, but it did not become the sole official language of Flanders until 1921. The

1271: 5706:: "La position de la France est que la Belgique ... surmonte ses difficultés. Nous ne voulons en aucun cas interférer." 4589: 3277: 1816: 6079: 5537: 5487: 4677: 3053: 2188: 2112:

and the socio-economic development of Flanders was in full effect, could Dutch stem the tide of increasing French use.

1227: 1210: 139: 4974: 2191:

as a way of enriching the city. However, the Belgian issue has generated very little discussion within the EU bodies.

36:

is a hypothetical situation, which has been discussed by both Belgian and international media, envisioning a split of

5542: 5514: 4437: 4157: 4128: 3895: 3173: 3144: 3015: 2148: 1190: 1171: 826: 181: 5383: 4876: 2435:

in February 2011, he listed the four aforementioned options concerning the future of the German-speaking Community.

1282:—would remain with the Netherlands, as would a small part of the province of Brabant, the former Oranje Lordship of 6084: 4238: 3086: 2898: 2850:

The Francophone Socialist Party (PS) and Christian democrats (cdH) promote the conservation of the current Belgian

1383:, several communes which used to use Germanic dialects switched to French during the 18th century, as for example, 1223: 774: 764: 5650: 4339: 4090: 4053: 4015: 3726: 2636: 5573: 3236: 2883: 2613: 2296: 2276: 2142: 1363:, French seems to be dominant at least since 1761. The frontier splitting the older province of Brabant and the 974: 658: 653: 648: 643: 301: 189: 3476:

But it was also due in part to medical habits that turned out to be more expensive in Wallonia than in Flanders.

6074: 6054: 5509: 4482:

de Waalse verbanning uit het centrum van de macht — tussen 1884 en 1902 zat er maximaal één Waal in de regering

4466: 3164: 2101: 1608:

This territorial issue, in particular around Brussels, is a source of tension between the Belgian communities.

782: 550: 355: 213: 6064: 5173:

la réunification du Brabant) avec le maintien des lois linguistiques et une politique active de bilinguisme.

3320: 3265: 3116: 2965: 2887: 1182:

were inspired by the roughly corresponding medieval fiefdoms. In particular, the Dyle department became the

1108: 769: 627: 622: 617: 612: 3354: 2159:, run by the EU rather than Flanders or Wallonia. Although there is precedent for such an arrangement — the 1769:

and asked explicitly for a splitting of Belgium along linguistic lines. However, Destrée was using the word

6069: 5766: 5388: 3215:

showed that 40% of the Belgians were willing to return to a unitary Belgium (as the country was before the

2902: 2542: 2227: 2156: 1023: 819: 747: 699: 689: 684: 679: 674: 468: 3698: 2924:

for instance, i.e. two socialist ministers on the four of the Walloon Government. The Walloon wing of the

1104: 1056: 135: 5304: 5118:, they would of course be consulted on their status by means of a referendum under international control. 4397: 2831: 2432: 2333: 2172: 1727: 1597: 1019: 883: 49: 5420: 5002:

Footnote: 30% of the Dutch-speaking members of the federal parliament and 17% of the federal parliament.

3664: 3459: 1331:

moved over the centuries which preceded the establishment of the Belgian state over an area between the

4945: 4913: 4567: 4526: 4197: 3974: 3507: 3169: 3077: 2863: 2592: 2264: 1193:, which had been created to rehabilitate and consolidate the former Seventeen Provinces and serve as a 951:), and French is spoken by 40%. Total Dutch speakers number 6.23 million, concentrated in the northern 729: 526: 497: 456: 368: 5452: 3546: 1355:. However, this frontier has not much changed since the 18th century. For example, in the communes of 5331: 4566:

J. Fleerackers, Chief of staff of the Belgian Minister for Dutch culture and Flemish affairs (1973).

3004: 2569: 2419:

would be economically profitable. However this would leave the northern part of the community around

2216: 1243: 1138: 759: 734: 545: 485: 480: 427: 123: 4201: 3978: 3511: 1502:

used). Elsewhere in the Low Countries, the local dialects survived better, at least in private use.

5291: 4375: 2910: 2251: 1715: 1511: 1032: 754: 350: 325: 217: 2519: 2115:

The status of Brussels in a partitioned Belgium is uncertain and a source of considerable debate.

221:

national institutions, and the geopolitical importance of the linguistically and ethnically mixed

3919: 3419:. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). January 2004. Archived from 3359: 3338: 3216: 3192: 3188: 2810: 2184: 2085: 1787:

explained that Destrée was afraid of the domination of the Flemings within Belgian institutions.

1718:

was at that time in full expansion. To this day, French remains the language of the aristocracy.

1711: 1586: 1555: 1550: 1515: 960: 847: 289: 193: 6009: 3585: 2444:

Composition of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives after the June 9, 2024, general elections

2199: 4497: 2735: 2384: 2012: 1930: 1871: 1559: 1519: 1462: 521: 238: 225:

serve as unifying elements, while separatists rather claim these factors (and the considerable

4316: 3479:. Since the publication of this book, there are other figures and the Flemish daily newspaper 3261: 56:) becoming independent states. Alternatively, it is hypothesized that Flanders could join the 5742: 5269: 3019: 2766: 1901: 1146: 1035:, and Dutch remained the vernacular language of a majority of inhabitants until around 1950. 173:

language, not only at the court but also in the administration and in the political circles.

5753: : «Qui est-on pour dire vous n'êtes pas bien chez vous, venez chez nous ! ?» 5191: 4533:(in Dutch). M.C. van den Toorn, W. Pijnenburg, J.A. van Leuvensteijn and J.M. van der Horst. 5369: 4761: 4370: 3160: 3082: 2978: 2974: 2921: 2879: 2815: 2479: 2468: 2388: 2242:

The enlargement of the Brussels capital region is supported by many French-speakers in the

1739: 1450: 1306: 1179: 1116: 724: 566: 446: 162: 131: 3230: 2960:(CD&V) won the 2007 federal election after an alliance with the separatist party N-VA. 1301:

However, this plan was rejected as absurd by the French ambassador to the United Kingdom,

8: 5684: 5404: 5149:

van Brabant inhoudt), behoud van de taalwetten en een actieve politiek van tweetaligheid.

4700: 4264: 3722: 3718: 3448: 3046: 2762: 2624: 2557: 2428: 1743: 1672: 1666: 1531: 1523: 1262:

and the province of Namur west of the Meuse would be assigned to France. The province of

1183: 1143: 1124: 1100: 1084: 1052: 384: 331: 321: 314: 296: 266: 61: 5480: 3751: 1616: 5285:

Footnote: During the government formation periods, the king nominates the governmental

5042: 4405: 3802: 3743: 3204: 3030: 2506: 2367: 2160: 1783: 1454: 1410:

Prior to the 20th century, this language border did not merely distinguish speakers of

1291: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1092: 422: 415: 338: 226: 197: 177: 151: 3855: 2320: 5205:

niveau international, un poids politique et économique que nous entendons préserver.

4975:"Une circonscription unique pour élire des parlementaires à l'échelle de la Belgique" 4794: 4757: 4753: 4674:"Belgien: 249 Tage ohne Regierung - ZDF heute journal - ZDFmediathek - ZDF Mediathek" 4433: 4345: 4153: 4124: 4094: 4057: 4019: 3891: 3856:"Chapter XXX: The Kingdom of the Netherlands–union of Holland and Belgium, 1815–1830" 3828: 3792:"Taalgebruik in Brussel en de plaats van het Nederlands — Enkele recente bevindingen" 3770: 3211: 3011: 2647: 2392: 2380: 1722: 1593: 1426: 1423: 1310: 1163: 1111:, strongly influenced by its Habsburg neighbors. The border which emerged after the 1096: 1080: 1067:. The Low Countries emerged at the end of the Middle Ages as a very loose political 1047: 866: 431: 243: 147: 143: 127: 41: 5247: 4902: 2878:. Since 2010, the largest Flemish nationalist party in Belgium is the more moderate 2375: 2176: 1231: 5746: 5738: 3485:

wrote it in 2007 : Guy Tegenbos "Scheeftrekkingen in ziektekosten bijna weg" (

3029:

party, who called for a splitting of the country and claim of a national identity,

3000: 2835: 2819: 2805: 2801: 2580: 2304: 2231: 1986: 1755: 1703: 1689: 1490: 1470: 1419: 1360: 1132: 1128: 1088: 947: 375: 251: 247: 5891:[The Walloons support a federation with Brussels in case of a partition]. 5063: 3311:"Belgium's 'AA+' rating, stable outlook unaffected by political stalemate — Fitch" 1762: 1154: 146:—was partitioned both politically into many fiefdoms, and linguistically into the 5703: 5092: 4553: 3660: 3580: 3387: 3061: 2992: 2970: 2917: 2349: 2220: 2208: 2152: 1842: 1774: 1549:

were established in 1963. The division into language areas was included into the

1466: 1322: 475: 400: 5951: 5817:[One of three Francophones is willing to prepare an independent state]. 4926:

fin de notre modèle de sécurité sociale basé sur la solidarité interpersonnelle.

3382: 275: 208:

which complicates coalition creation on the national level. The crisis over the

5750: 5159: 5135: 4719: 3885: 3199: 3172:. Both parties, along with other parties, negotiated a state reform during the 3057: 3035: 3003:, erupted, again destabilising the country and resulting in the resignation of 2691: 2039: 1960: 1707: 1702:

who held both political and economic power. These hostilities gave rise to the

1578: 1498: 1415: 1411: 1400: 1235: 1205: 1120: 1076: 952: 911: 800: 230: 158: 86:

Complicating questions of partition are the status in a partitioned Belgium of

3626:

inhabitants (0.866 million) thus 4.187 million or 39.8%; together indeed 100%;

2987: 1063:

The territory of Belgium is the southern part of the historical region called

6048: 5844: 4906: 3414:"Ethnic structure, inequality and governance of the public sector in Belgium" 3333: 3180: 3129: 3073: 3069: 3026: 2875: 2855: 2851: 2495: 2400: 2345: 2285: 2281: 2235: 1735: 1676: 1563: 1527: 1380: 1368: 1287: 1251: 1068: 1064: 463: 111: 5724: 5689: 4705: 4231:"Als goede buren– Vlaanderen en de taalwetgeving– Taalgrens en taalgebieden" 4195: 3972: 3717:. Mercator, Minority Language Media in the European Union, supported by the 3132:(N-VA), the Flemish winner of 2010 Belgian federal elections, is separatist. 5457: 5364: 5336: 5016: 4978: 4765: 3551: 3481: 3252: 3184: 3156: 3140: 3065: 3007: 2982: 2957: 2076: 1537: 1438: 1434: 1367:

moved regularly during the 17th and 18th centuries. Some communes, such as

1230:(most areas of modern Belgium). To this end, the parts of the provinces of 1194: 1112: 185: 4701:"L'appel à une "Belgique française" [Call for a "French Belgium"]" 3505: 2175:. The possible status of Brussels as a "city-state" has been suggested by 1189:

In 1815, the territory now constituting Belgium was incorporated into the

1170:

departments. The departments would eventually become the provinces of the

3022:

fell in April 2010 over the lack of progress on resolving the BHV issue.

2906: 2416: 1731: 1699: 1694:

French was the only official language of Belgium until 1898, even though

1640: 1507: 856: 492: 170: 115: 57: 5384:"Belgians angered by political deadlock march to promote national unity" 3741: 5924:

de la RTBF et de RTL-TVi, répétant qu'il ne souhaitait pas ce scénario.

5658: 4107:

Une immigration flamande intensive détachera l'entité de la Wallonie.

3110: 2891: 2797: 2739: 2530: 2483: 2408: 2292: 2255:

conflict issue for several years, and a major political problem in the

2168: 2056: 1656:. The French words have been painted over, leaving the Dutch words only 1571: 1567: 1494: 1446: 1326: 1279: 154: 107: 80: 73: 69: 5599:"2 Néerlandais sur 10 pour le rattachement de la Flandre aux Pays-Bas" 3744:"Belgique • België • Belgien — La Communauté germanophone de Belgique" 2308:

institutional arrangements then survived until the French Revolution.

5425: 5286: 4502: 3242: 2822:

in order to enforce the Francophones to require such a state reform.

2404: 1645: 1474: 1442: 1372: 1198: 901: 2223:. This proposal is not necessarily linked to a split-up of Belgium. 1167: 176:

Antagonism between speakers of French and Dutch increased after the

79:

Both communities have a large degree of autonomy within the Belgian

5889:"Les Wallons pour une fédération avec Bruxelles en cas de scission" 4082: 4045: 4007: 3681: 2792: 2412: 2403:. Opponents say this would lead to the creation of a new undesired 2396: 2358: 2263:, Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde was split into two parts as part of the 2164: 2068: 2052: 2048: 1766: 1695: 1653: 1582: 1486: 1356: 1332: 968: 956: 929: 920: 222: 166: 161:

in the northern Low Countries, French progressively emerged in the

91: 87: 53: 45: 4087:"Le français en Wallonie et à Bruxelles aux XVII et XVIII siècles" 4050:"Le français en Wallonie et à Bruxelles aux XVII et XVIII siècles" 4012:"Le français en Wallonie et à Bruxelles aux XVII et XVIII siècles" 2854:, and therefore oppose any further regionalisation of the federal 2825: 2250:

Similar to a "Greater Brussels" region, the electoral district of

1730:(People's Union) which split into different parties including the 1482: 1298:

were to form the Free State of Antwerp, under British protection.

1239: 3286: 3155:(Open VLD) left the government on April 22, 2010, Prime Minister 3049:

whose petition calling for unity was signed by 140,000 Belgians.

2553: 2438: 2424: 2353: 2325: 1364: 1352: 1295: 1267: 1247: 1218: 1175: 1072: 1027: 119: 37: 3879: 3877: 3695:"Citizens from other countries in the German-speaking Community" 2724: 1238:

east of the Meuse river as well as the cities of Maastricht and

1186:, that is the most southern part of the older duchy of Brabant. 5107: 3755: 3315: 2953: 2859: 2818:

and a part of the Flemish movement want to apply the so-called

2680: 2415:

currently commute to Luxembourg and that a union with the rich

2329: 2324:

The German-Speaking Community (yellow). The municipalities of

2044: 1621: 1392: 1376: 1344: 1340: 1336: 941: 106:

The territories corresponding to the modern Belgian, Dutch and

90:(an autonomous bilingual region, geographically located in the 65: 3125: 2067:

The Flemish historian Maarten van Ginderachter wrote that the

1530:, used French as their first language. Another example is the 4527:"Nederlands in België, Het Nederlands bedreigd en overlevend" 4498:"Belgium's embassies instructed to deny partition sentiments" 3874: 3750:(in French). Trésor de la langue française au Québec (TLFQ), 3097: 2703: 2420: 1478: 1458: 1404: 1348: 1283: 1275: 5845:"Flamen wollen keine Spaltung, Frankophone denken an Plan B" 27:

Hypothetical split of the country into Wallonia and Flanders

5685:"Sarkozy soutient l'unité [Sarkozy supports unity]" 3742:

Leclerc, Jacques, membre associé du TLFQ (April 19, 2006).

3501: 3499: 3039: 959:

and an estimated 870,000 (85%) of the officially bilingual

188:

between France and the Netherlands. French became the sole

5815:"Een op de drie Franstaligen wil eigen staat voorbereiden" 4944:. Mouvement Réformateur. September 1, 2002. Archived from 4890:

territoire qui relie directement la Wallonie à Bruxelles.

3951:"Flemish versus Netherlandish: A Discourse of Nationalism" 3636: 3136: 2244:

Flemish municipalities with facilities for French-speakers

2207:

in the periphery of Brussels (red) belong to the province

1343:

on the one hand and the much less populated frontier from

236:

According to a 2019 opinion poll by the Flemish newspaper

5993:"Une Belgique amputée de la Flandre ? Pas si simple" 5937:"Clarificateur: Elio Di Rupo précise sa vision du plan B" 5865:[4 Belgians out of 10 dream at unitary Belgium]. 5307:(in Dutch). VRT web site deredactie.be. December 19, 2008 3862:. The University Press, Cambridge. Republished: Authorama 3835:. The University Press, Cambridge. Republished: Authorama 2838:, is represented in the same color as its successor N-VA. 2022: 2017: 1996: 1991: 1970: 1965: 1941: 1936: 1911: 1906: 1882: 1877: 1852: 1847: 1826: 1821: 204:

division, there is also a linguistic division, causing a

3496: 2913:

is also explicitly opposed to the partition of Belgium.

5990: 5863:"La Belgique unitaire fait rêver quatre Belges sur dix" 4207:. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 3984:. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 2411:. Supporters of this scenario underline that many from 2147:

Another idea is that Brussels would become a "European

955:

region, while French speakers comprise 3.32 million in

5089:"Manifesto of the Rassemblement Walonie-France (2002)" 4181:(in Dutch). Vol. 24. Utrecht/Antwerp. p. 7. 4177:

M.C.A. van der Heijden (1972). "Strevend Vlaanderen".

4176: 2800:, which began in the 1960s due to the pressure of the 5360:"Political crisis pushes Belgium closer to partition" 3519:

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

3282:

Groupe d'études pour la Wallonie intégrée à la France

2291:

Such an arrangement existed for several centuries in

1600:

to the French and bilingual language areas, and, the

169:

nobility and, later, of the French invasions, as the

5791:[1/3 of the Walloons ready to a partition]. 4590:"Brussels after Belgium: fringe town or city state?" 4455: 3111:

2010 fall of government and new government formation

2866:

for the election of part of the federal parliament.

2171:

which could join the EU on equal footing with other

2100:

Votes for Dutch speaking parties in Brussels in the

1534:

which was a French-speaking institution until 1930.

1371:, switched from Dutch to French and others, such as 200:

have fueled resentment between the two communities.

5244:"Blog of the Walloon minister Jean-Claude Marcourt" 4842:[After Belgium on the francophone agenda]. 3608:"Steun voor splitsing België blijft relatief klein" 3447: 3270:

countries fearing secession of their own minorities

2931: 1153:The feudal borders partitioning Belgium during the 5952:"Die Presseschau von Montag, dem 11. Oktober 2010" 1765:reacted in 1912 to the process of minorisation of 1632:) has been painted over, leaving the French name ( 1473:(with four distinct dialects around the cities of 5842: 5218:"Website of the Walloon minister Eliane Tillieux" 4619:"Jean Quatremer: a nation has been born—Flanders" 3826: 3576:"No Love Lost: Is Belgium About to Break in Two?" 3443: 3441: 3096:, a Dutch news program on the commercial station 6046: 5949: 4641: 4639: 4337: 4253: 3883: 3853: 3355:"Divisions could lead to a partition in Belgium" 3352: 1611: 1087:. The largest components of this union were the 4390: 4147: 4118: 3697:. The German-speaking Community. Archived from 3677:The capital Brussels, 80–85% French-speaking... 3573: 2834:, whose heirs are the N-VA and the now defunct 2133:the topic of the extension of Brussels below). 1781:), and not in the sense of complete partition. 1749: 1596:to the Dutch and bilingual language areas, the 6029: 5974:"Ne pas changer de nationalité, c'est capital" 5939:(in French). RTLinfo. Belga. October 10, 2010. 5745:, «perspective absurde et vertigineuse», juge 5625:"Twee op de tien wil Vlaanderen bij Nederland" 4901: 4733: 4698: 4572:Digitale bibliotheek voor Nederlandse Letteren 4427: 4279: 3829:"Chapter II: Habsburg Rule in the Netherlands" 3649: 3438: 3380: 2928:are in favour of more powers for the Regions. 2439:21st century position of the political parties 2275:Another proposition is the establishment of a 1335:and the more or less straight line going from 1217:Major European powers (which included France, 5971: 4837: 4636: 4202:"The Dutch–French Language Border in Belgium" 3979:"The Dutch–French Language Border in Belgium" 3789: 3715:"German (Belgium) — Overview of the language" 3512:"The Dutch–French Language Border in Belgium" 3145:negotiations for forming a federal government 2348:was given to Belgium in the aftermath of the 827: 5991:Francis Van de Woestyne (October 30, 2010). 5838: 5836: 4808: 4583: 4581: 4374:(in Dutch). October 13, 2001. Archived from 4341:The Politics of Belgium: A Unique Federalism 3775:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3341:that further decentralise the Belgian state. 3260:, a specialist of constitutional law at the 2942: 2892:a union of Wallonia and Brussels with France 2315: 1000: French and a language other than Dutch 233:model of diverse cultures working together. 5967: 5965: 5453:"Kamer stemt splitsingsvoorstel België weg" 5030:but will have a separate linguistic status. 4645: 3644: 3635:Flemish Academic Eric Corijn (initiator of 3567: 3541: 3539: 3453:"Just health care and the two solidarities" 1628:bordering the Netherlands. The Dutch name ( 1418:and standard German, as today, but between 967:is made up of 73,000 people in the east of 216:, coupled with the unsolved problem of the 5915:"Elio Di Rupo précise sa vision du plan B" 5717: 4736:"La fin de la Belgique, le PS ose le dire" 4587: 4432:(in French). Labor, Brussels. p. 30. 4081: 4044: 4006: 3680:Strictly, the capital is the municipality 3629: 3085:abstained, together with three members of 1773:in French in the sense of federalization ( 1379:have a long Flemish tradition and, in the 834: 820: 5833: 5767:"Unity at stake in Belgium vote – Europe" 5421:"People's power on march to save Belgium" 5043:"Confederalisme, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie" 4840:"L'après-Belgique à l'agenda francophone" 4578: 3547:"België moet blijven, maar niet zoals nu" 2407:. The last option would be to merge with 1585:to the French and German language areas, 1433:was made of different components such as 1055:(orange, brown and yellow areas) and the 5962: 5843:Albert Schoenauen (September 13, 2010). 5538:"Kamer stemt Vlaams Belang-voorstel weg" 5332:"Belgium? Something that does not exist" 4783:(in Dutch). De Morgen. September 6, 2010 4588:van Parijs, Philippe (October 4, 2007). 3917: 3748:L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde 3536: 3305: 3303: 3135: 3124: 2952: 2824: 2319: 2295:. Shortly after 1200 this city received 2198: 2095: 2038: 1639: 1615: 1536: 1204: 1137: 1046: 1033:the local language of Brussels was Dutch 973: 900: 855: 257: 5566:"Flanders-Netherlands: a new Lowlands?" 5418: 5329: 5305:"De lijdensweg van de regering-Leterme" 5156:"Le programme complet du B.U.B. en pdf" 5132:"Volledige programma van B.U.B. in PDF" 4650:[What shall happen to Eupen?]. 4152:(in German). Buske Verlag. p. 69. 4150:Zweisprachigkeit in den Benelux-ländern 4123:(in German). Buske Verlag. p. 69. 4121:Zweisprachigkeit in den Benelux-ländern 3918:Sciolino, Elaine (September 21, 2007). 2808:, is called in the Belgian context the 2205:municipalities with language facilities 1119:split the Seventeen Provinces into the 130:. The southern part of this region—the 14: 6047: 5789:"1/3 des Wallons prêts à une scission" 4179:Spektrum van de Nederlandse Lettekunde 3920:"Calls for a Breakup Grow Ever Louder" 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3890:. New York: Putnam. pp. 550–552. 3645:General online sources: Janssens, Rudi 3121:2010–2011 Belgian government formation 2261:2010–2011 Belgian government formation 1660: 94:half of the country) and the minority 6030:Olivier Mouton (September 12, 2010). 5950:Alexander Homann (October 11, 2010). 5392:. Associated Press. November 18, 2007 4537: 4524: 4492: 4490: 4305: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3783: 3353:Elizabeth Bryant (October 12, 2007). 3300: 2772: 2448: 2257:cabinet formation crisis of 2007–2008 1650:municipality with language facilities 1626:municipality with language facilities 1465:. The Romance sprachraum was made of 1375:, switched from French to Dutch. The 1228:partition of the Southern Netherlands 118:as a set of more or less independent 40:along linguistic divisions, with the 5419:Charter, David (November 19, 2007). 5013:"The Manifesto of the Vlaams Belang" 4838:Pierre Havaux (September 14, 2010). 4734:Marc Sirlereau (September 6, 2010). 4699:Jean Quatremer (December 15, 2007). 4616: 4559: 4531:Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse taal 4289:. Flemish Government. Archived from 3266:peaceful splitting of Czechoslovakia 2949:2007–08 Belgian government formation 2926:General Federation of Belgian Labour 2342:German-speaking Community of Belgium 1325:separating the Germanic and Romance 246:, which is considered somewhat less 5795:(in French). AFP. September 9, 2010 5769:. Al Jazeera English. June 13, 2010 5737:Une affaire «belgo-belge», tranche 5720:"L'inquiétude des voisins français" 5655:Le journal du dimanche au quotidien 5330:Traynor, Ian (September 17, 2007). 5270:"Anticapitalisme à tous les étages" 4877:"Communiqué de presse — 26.11.2007" 4518: 3904: 3153:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 2869: 2845:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 2670:Liberalism & Social liberalism 2660:Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats 1683: 1290:, most of East Flanders, including 945:(often colloquially referred to as 210:formation of a coalition government 110:states are collectively called the 24: 6032:"Voici l'Etat Wallonie-Bruxelles…" 5972:Martin Buxant (October 23, 2010). 5643: 5488:Belgian Chamber of Representatives 5352: 4811:"Fears over 'break up' of Belgium" 4809:Martin Banks (September 6, 2010). 4487: 3937: 3383:"Analysis: Where now for Belgium?" 3054:Belgian Chamber of Representatives 2427:of Luxembourg. Minister-president 1791:Government composition, 1884–1911 1723:Walloon industrial and mining base 1316: 876: Flemish and French Community 196:was accepted. Since independence, 140:Imperial Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy 25: 6096: 5515:Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroep 4738:(in French). RTBF. Archived from 4617:Feki, Donya (November 29, 2007). 4344:. C. Hurst & Co. p. 30. 3790:Rudi Janssens (January 7, 2008). 3574:Cendrowicz, Leo (June 30, 2010). 3174:2010 Belgian government formation 3016:President of the European Council 1191:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1172:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1042: 182:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 114:. They emerged at the end of the 5718:Laure Equy (November 28, 2007). 5062:. Lijst Dedecker. Archived from 4646:Hans Heckel (December 1, 2007). 3948: 3381:Dominic Hughes (July 15, 2008). 3319:. April 12, 2007. Archived from 3278:Université Catholique de Louvain 2938:2007–11 Belgian political crisis 2932:2007–11 Belgian political crisis 2804:and, to a lesser extent, of the 2614:Christian Democratic and Flemish 2395:could alleviate this issue (cf. 1254:, nearly all of the province of 1226:, a French diplomat, proposed a 978:Languages spoken at home in the 794: 765:Belgium-United Kingdom relations 274: 6023: 6003: 5984: 5943: 5929: 5921:(in French). October 10, 2010. 5907: 5895:(in French). September 26, 2010 5881: 5869:(in French). September 25, 2010 5855: 5807: 5781: 5759: 5711: 5677: 5617: 5605:(in French). September 11, 2010 5591: 5558: 5530: 5502: 5473: 5445: 5412: 5376: 5323: 5297: 5279: 5262: 5236: 5210: 5180: 5123: 5081: 5049: 5035: 5005: 4996: 4967: 4939:"Le manifeste des réformateurs" 4931: 4895: 4869: 4831: 4802: 4773: 4727: 4692: 4666: 4610: 4449: 4421: 4358: 4331: 4223: 4189: 4170: 4141: 4112: 4075: 4038: 4000: 3966: 3847: 3820: 3687: 3614: 2143:Brussels and the European Union 1589:to the bilingual language area, 5631:(in Dutch). September 11, 2010 5112:six Brussels outlying communes 4430:L'image du Flamand en Wallonie 3600: 3402: 3374: 3346: 2977:ministry remained in power as 2259:. In July 2012, following the 2102:Belgian federal election, 2010 1012: Neither French nor Dutch 783:Politics of the European Union 13: 1: 6013:"Un plan B pour Elio Di Rupo" 5821:(in Dutch). September 9, 2010 5546:(in Dutch). November 22, 2007 5461:(in Dutch). November 22, 2007 5188:"Programme du Front National" 5045:(in Dutch). January 13, 2016. 4797:de tegenstellingen op scherp. 4652:Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung 4313:"The institutional framework" 4261:"Wallonia: birth of a Region" 4091:Université Libre de Bruxelles 4054:Université Libre de Bruxelles 4016:Université Libre de Bruxelles 3294: 3117:2010 Belgian federal election 2909:. The Francophone far-right 2352:. (The former German city of 1612:Nationalisms and regionalisms 770:Belgium-Netherlands relations 516:Sentence enforcement tribunal 453:Administrative jurisdictions 101: 6060:Political history of Belgium 5510:"Separatist motion rejected" 5389:International Herald Tribune 3555:(in Dutch). November 9, 2007 2990:Leterme started to sing the 2157:Australian Capital Territory 1750:Walloon/Francophone movement 1680:ethno-linguistic rivalries. 1604:to the German language area. 1581:to the Dutch language area, 1213:, proposed by France in 1830 775:Belgium–Luxembourg relations 513:Family and juvenile tribunal 62:Greater Netherlands movement 7: 5287:formateurs and informateurs 5190:(in French). Archived from 5158:(in French). Archived from 4846:(in French). Archived from 4781:"De PS spreekt oorlogstaal" 3657:"Belgium Market background" 3159:offered his resignation to 2219:within Flemish Brabant and 2091: 1270:itself—and the province of 1026:. Geographically, it is an 165:under the influence of the 10: 6101: 5134:(in Dutch). Archived from 4914:Humanist Democratic Centre 4465:(in Dutch). Archived from 4456:Maarten Van Ginderachter. 4237:(in Dutch). Archived from 4198:Vrije Universiteit Brussel 3975:Vrije Universiteit Brussel 3827:Edmundson, George (1922). 3801:(in Dutch). Archived from 3508:Vrije Universiteit Brussel 3240:and Flemish columnists in 3191:and, hence, to change the 3114: 2946: 2935: 2366:with four ministers and a 2265:sixth Belgian state reform 2140: 1753: 1687: 1664: 1250:. Part of the province of 899: 854: 845: 503:Tribunal of first instance 392:Chamber of Representatives 64:) and Wallonia could join 6080:Dissolutions of countries 4552:October 15, 2018, at the 4338:John Fitzmaurice (1996). 3884:Bernard, Jack F. (1973). 3854:George Edmundson (1922). 3487:Imbalance almost vanished 2943:2007 government formation 2903:Workers' Party of Belgium 2750: 2723: 2702: 2679: 2658: 2635: 2612: 2591: 2568: 2543:Workers' Party of Belgium 2541: 2518: 2509:& Flemish separatism 2494: 2467: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2316:German-speaking Community 2061:German-speaking community 2011: 1985: 1959: 1929: 1900: 1870: 1841: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1779:séparation administrative 1602:German-speaking Community 1244:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 1105:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 1057:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 965:German-speaking Community 893:German-speaking Community 760:Belgium-Germany relations 250:, especially compared to 198:socio-economic imbalances 136:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 96:German-speaking Community 50:French-speaking Community 5116:German-speaking communes 4148:Johannes Kramer (1984). 4119:Johannes Kramer (1984). 2252:Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde 2187:, who sees a tax on the 1808:Ministers from Brussels 1716:Francization of Brussels 1558:in the 1970s and 1980s, 1512:Maria Theresa of Austria 755:France-Belgium relations 218:Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde 212:in the aftermath of the 6085:Public policy proposals 5486:(in Dutch and French). 4977:. Écolo. Archived from 4459:Het Kraaien van de Haan 4428:Yves Quairiaux (2006). 4315:. CRISP. Archived from 4263:. CRISP. Archived from 3887:Talleyrand: A Biography 3360:San Francisco Chronicle 2301:prince-bishops of Liège 2228:1.5 million inhabitants 2185:Brussels-Capital Region 2086:facility municipalities 2055:(red), as advocated by 1644:Bilingual road sign in 1620:Bilingual road sign in 1516:administrative language 980:Brussels Capital Region 961:Brussels-Capital Region 848:Demographics of Belgium 720:Communities and regions 178:independence of Belgium 4398:"Belgium may separate" 3799:Brussels Studies, n°13 3339:constitutional changes 3148: 3133: 3076:) and called upon the 3005:Belgian Prime Minister 2961: 2839: 2385:North Rhine-Westphalia 2337: 2212: 2104: 2064: 1778: 1657: 1637: 1566:led to a three-tiered 1556:constitutional reforms 1542: 1214: 1211:Flahaut partition plan 1150: 1060: 1039:six Flemish villages. 1014: 994: French and Dutch 933: 896: 239:Het Belang van Limburg 122:loosely linked to the 6075:Ethnicity in politics 6055:Separatism in Belgium 5743:Jean-Louis Bourlanges 5019:on September 28, 2007 4905:(November 12, 2006). 4850:on September 17, 2010 4648:"Was wird aus Eupen?" 3955:Renaissance Quarterly 3139: 3128: 3115:Further information: 3020:Leterme II government 2966:2007 federal election 2956: 2888:Wallonia-France Rally 2828: 2767:National conservatism 2323: 2202: 2195:Extension of Brussels 2099: 2063:is also included here 2042: 1643: 1619: 1540: 1208: 1141: 1050: 977: 904: 859: 510:Correctional tribunal 258:Regional demographics 6065:Partition (politics) 5819:Gazeet van Antwerpen 5661:on December 13, 2007 5576:on November 22, 2007 5372:on February 1, 2013. 5292:Council of the Crown 5194:on November 20, 2007 4762:Jean-Claude Marcourt 4742:on September 9, 2010 4680:on February 20, 2011 4371:New Flemish Alliance 4366:"Beginselverklaring" 3959:"Quoted in Hasquirt 3667:on November 22, 2007 3465:on December 18, 2008 3083:New Flemish Alliance 2922:Jean-Claude Marcourt 2880:New Flemish Alliance 2480:Liberal conservatism 2469:New Flemish Alliance 2389:Rhineland-Palatinate 1931:P. de Smet de Naeyer 1872:P. de Smet de Naeyer 1740:New Flemish Alliance 1551:Belgian Constitution 1266:—except the city of 1234:, of Limburg and of 1149:in the Low Countries 551:Justice of the peace 344:Elisabeth of Belgium 302:Constitutional Court 163:Southern Netherlands 132:Southern Netherlands 34:partition of Belgium 18:Partition of Belgium 6070:Politics of Belgium 5693:. December 15, 2007 5518:. November 22, 2007 5458:De Standaard Online 5405:Marie-Claire Houart 5138:on October 16, 2007 5069:on December 3, 2007 4981:on December 3, 2008 4319:on December 8, 2018 4241:on January 11, 2008 4097:on January 11, 2008 4060:on January 11, 2008 4022:on January 11, 2008 3808:on January 14, 2009 3723:University of Wales 3719:European Commission 3623:language facilities 3552:De Standaard Online 3449:Philippe Van Parijs 3262:University of Liège 3047:Marie-Claire Houart 2763:Belgian nationalism 2625:Christian democracy 2445: 2429:Karl-Heinz Lambertz 2239:capital of the EU. 2163:is governed by the 2137:City-state scenario 2128:Union with Wallonia 2119:Union with Flanders 1792: 1744:FlemishProgressives 1673:Belgian nationalism 1667:Belgian nationalism 1661:Belgian nationalism 1532:University of Ghent 1524:Maurice Maeterlinck 1391:, both now part of 1184:province of Brabant 1125:Spanish Netherlands 1101:Duchy of Luxembourg 1085:Seventeen Provinces 1053:Seventeen Provinces 527:Enterprise tribunal 267:Politics of Belgium 248:Flemish nationalist 206:double party system 70:Rattachist movement 5490:. November 6, 2007 4406:The New York Times 4196:Roland Willemyns, 3973:Roland Willemyns, 3924:The New York Times 3860:History of Holland 3833:History of Holland 3682:(City of) Brussels 3506:Roland Willemyns; 3258:Christian Berhendt 3248:Het Laatste Nieuws 3205:Het Laatste Nieuws 3149: 3134: 3092:In 2007, Polls in 3078:federal government 2962: 2840: 2637:The Committed Ones 2520:Reformist Movement 2507:Far-right politics 2443: 2368:minister-president 2338: 2213: 2181:Minister-President 2161:Vatican City State 2105: 2065: 2013:Ch. de Broqueville 1902:J. Vandenpeereboom 1811:Walloon ministers 1805:Flemish ministers 1790: 1784:The New York Times 1734:(succeeded by the 1658: 1638: 1543: 1455:Moselle Franconian 1294:, and the city of 1292:Zeelandic Flanders 1258:, the province of 1224:Charles de Flahaut 1215: 1178:. The name of the 1151: 1093:County of Flanders 1061: 1015: 934: 897: 801:Belgium portal 469:Court of Cassation 423:De Croo Government 369:Federal Parliament 339:Duchess of Brabant 5997:La Libre Belgique 5978:La Libre Belgique 5893:La Libre Belgique 5867:La Libre Belgique 4951:on March 26, 2007 4879:. Parti Socialist 4795:Laurette Onkelinx 4760:, en passant par 4758:Laurette Onkelinx 4754:Philippe Moureaux 4506:. October 7, 2007 4472:on March 19, 2009 4351:978-1-85065-209-0 4287:"State structure" 3493:, April 10, 2007. 3231:La Dernière Heure 3226:La Libre Belgique 3212:La Libre Belgique 3018:. The succeeding 3012:Herman Van Rompuy 2788: 2787: 2648:Social liberalism 2603:Social democracy 2037: 2036: 1971:December 31, 1907 1594:Flemish Community 1311:Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 1129:dialects of Dutch 1117:Eighty Years' War 1109:Emperor Charles V 1097:County of Hainaut 1081:House of Habsburg 988: French only 938: 937: 867:Flemish Community 844: 843: 748:Foreign relations 700:Political parties 432:Alexander De Croo 190:official language 144:Duchy of Bouillon 128:Holy Roman Empire 124:Kingdom of France 42:Flemish Community 16:(Redirected from 6092: 6040: 6039: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5969: 5960: 5959: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5840: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5734: 5732: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5700: 5698: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5666: 5657:. Archived from 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5629:Algemeen Dagblad 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5581: 5572:. Archived from 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5485: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5399: 5397: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5368:. Archived from 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5327: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5301: 5295: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5250:on July 22, 2012 5246:. Archived from 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5220:. Archived from 5214: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5184: 5178: 5175: 5169: 5167: 5162:on July 20, 2007 5151: 5145: 5143: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5102: 5100: 5095:on July 22, 2011 5091:. Archived from 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5015:. Archived from 5009: 5003: 5000: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4986: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4950: 4943: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4857: 4855: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4790: 4788: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4749: 4747: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4716: 4714: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4676:. Archived from 4670: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4594: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4563: 4557: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4471: 4464: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4409:. August 9, 1912 4402: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4378:on June 28, 2007 4362: 4356: 4355: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4309: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4293:on June 10, 2011 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4267:on March 3, 2016 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4214: 4212: 4206: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4093:. Archived from 4079: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4065: 4056:. Archived from 4042: 4036: 4035: 4029: 4027: 4018:. Archived from 4004: 3998: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3983: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3946: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3902: 3901: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3807: 3796: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3774: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3752:Université Laval 3738: 3736: 3734: 3725:. Archived from 3710: 3708: 3706: 3701:on June 28, 2007 3691: 3685: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3663:. Archived from 3653: 3647: 3633: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3584:. Archived from 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3516: 3503: 3494: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3464: 3458:. Archived from 3457: 3445: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3426:on June 14, 2007 3425: 3418: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3330: 3328: 3307: 3189:reform the state 2876:Flemish Interest 2870:Outright support 2820:Maddens Doctrine 2806:Walloon movement 2802:Flemish movement 2748: 2721: 2700: 2677: 2656: 2633: 2610: 2589: 2581:Social democracy 2566: 2539: 2516: 2496:Flemish Interest 2492: 2465: 2446: 2442: 2334:French Community 2305:dukes of Brabant 2284:and nationalist 2173:EU member states 2059:. Note that the 2024: 2019: 1998: 1993: 1972: 1967: 1951: 1943: 1938: 1921: 1913: 1908: 1907:January 24, 1899 1892: 1884: 1883:January 23, 1899 1879: 1862: 1854: 1849: 1828: 1823: 1822:October 26, 1884 1793: 1789: 1756:Walloon movement 1704:Flemish movement 1690:Flemish movement 1684:Flemish movement 1598:French Community 1427:dialect continua 1361:Comines-Warneton 1174:and later on of 1089:Duchy of Brabant 1020:French Community 1011: 1006: Dutch only 1005: 999: 993: 987: 927: 921:Brussels-Capital 918: 909: 890: 884:French Community 881: 875: 874: 864: 852: 851: 836: 829: 822: 799: 798: 797: 498:Court of assizes 476:Appellate courts 457:Council of State 385:Stephanie D'Hose 278: 262: 261: 252:Antwerp Province 21: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6028: 6024: 6008: 6004: 5989: 5985: 5970: 5963: 5948: 5944: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5872: 5870: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5841: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5730: 5728: 5716: 5712: 5704:Nicolas Sarkozy 5696: 5694: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5664: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5579: 5577: 5564: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5432: 5430: 5417: 5413: 5395: 5393: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5328: 5324: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5224:on May 15, 2010 5216: 5215: 5211: 5197: 5195: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5165: 5163: 5154: 5141: 5139: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5022: 5020: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4984: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4918: 4916: 4909: 4900: 4896: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4832: 4819: 4817: 4815:Daily Telegraph 4807: 4803: 4786: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4774: 4745: 4743: 4732: 4728: 4712: 4710: 4697: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4644: 4637: 4627: 4625: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4579: 4564: 4560: 4554:Wayback Machine 4543: 4542: 4538: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4336: 4332: 4322: 4320: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4296: 4294: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4229: 4228: 4224: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4190: 4175: 4171: 4160: 4146: 4142: 4131: 4117: 4113: 4100: 4098: 4080: 4076: 4063: 4061: 4043: 4039: 4025: 4023: 4005: 4001: 3987: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3967: 3947: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3916: 3905: 3898: 3882: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3758: 3739: 3732: 3730: 3729:on May 11, 2011 3713: 3711: 3704: 3702: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3670: 3668: 3661:British Council 3655: 3654: 3650: 3634: 3630: 3619: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3588:on July 1, 2010 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3545: 3544: 3537: 3523: 3521: 3514: 3504: 3497: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3446: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3416: 3412: 3409:Kris Deschouwer 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3388:BBC News Online 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3351: 3347: 3326: 3324: 3323:on June 4, 2011 3309: 3308: 3301: 3297: 3170:Socialist Party 3147:, were to fail. 3123: 3113: 3062:Gerolf Annemans 2971:Guy Verhofstadt 2951: 2945: 2940: 2934: 2918:Eliane Tillieux 2872: 2856:social policies 2746: 2719: 2714:Green politics 2698: 2675: 2654: 2631: 2608: 2593:Socialist Party 2587: 2564: 2537: 2514: 2490: 2463: 2441: 2350:First World War 2318: 2221:Walloon Brabant 2209:Flemish Brabant 2189:EU institutions 2153:Washington D.C. 2145: 2110:language border 2094: 1992:January 9, 1908 1949: 1919: 1890: 1860: 1758: 1752: 1692: 1686: 1669: 1663: 1614: 1560:regionalisation 1429:. The Germanic 1397:Saint-Jean-Sart 1323:language border 1319: 1317:Language border 1045: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1001: 997: 995: 991: 989: 985: 983: 932: 925: 923: 916: 914: 907: 895: 888: 886: 879: 877: 872: 871: 869: 862: 850: 840: 811: 807:Other countries 795: 793: 788: 787: 779: 750: 740: 739: 730:Arrondissements 715: 705: 704: 694: 663: 632: 601: 569: 558: 557: 546:Police tribunal 542: 522:Labour tribunal 486:Court of labour 481:Court of appeal 449: 439: 438: 418: 416:Federal Cabinet 408: 407: 401:Eliane Tillieux 371: 361: 360: 317: 307: 306: 292: 269: 260: 104: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6098: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6042: 6041: 6022: 6002: 5983: 5961: 5942: 5928: 5906: 5880: 5854: 5832: 5806: 5780: 5758: 5710: 5676: 5642: 5616: 5590: 5557: 5529: 5501: 5472: 5444: 5411: 5375: 5351: 5322: 5296: 5278: 5261: 5235: 5209: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5122: 5080: 5048: 5034: 5004: 4995: 4966: 4930: 4903:Joëlle Milquet 4894: 4868: 4862:Richard Miller 4830: 4801: 4772: 4726: 4720:Daniel Ducarme 4691: 4665: 4635: 4609: 4577: 4558: 4536: 4517: 4486: 4448: 4438: 4420: 4389: 4357: 4350: 4330: 4304: 4278: 4252: 4222: 4188: 4169: 4158: 4140: 4129: 4111: 4083:Daniel Droixhe 4074: 4046:Daniel Droixhe 4037: 4008:Daniel Droixhe 3999: 3965: 3936: 3903: 3896: 3873: 3846: 3819: 3782: 3686: 3648: 3628: 3613: 3599: 3566: 3535: 3495: 3437: 3401: 3373: 3345: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3274:Marc Verdussen 3161:King Albert II 3112: 3109: 3100:and newspaper 3058:Bart Laeremans 3036:European Union 2947:Main article: 2944: 2941: 2936:Main article: 2933: 2930: 2911:Front National 2871: 2868: 2864:arrondissement 2832:People's Union 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692:Green politics 2689: 2686: 2683: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2482:& Flemish 2477: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2440: 2437: 2376:Liège Province 2332:belong to the 2317: 2314: 2297:dual authority 2273: 2272: 2217:municipalities 2197: 2196: 2177:Charles Picqué 2151:", similar to 2139: 2138: 2130: 2129: 2121: 2120: 2093: 2090: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2023:August 4, 1914 2020: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1942:April 12, 1907 1939: 1937:August 5, 1899 1934: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1848:March 26, 1894 1845: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1827:March 17, 1894 1824: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1754:Main article: 1751: 1748: 1708:Flemish people 1688:Main article: 1685: 1682: 1665:Main article: 1662: 1659: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1590: 1547:language areas 1499:mass education 1416:standard Dutch 1412:Belgian French 1318: 1315: 1274:, west of the 1142:Map of French 1121:Dutch Republic 1077:personal union 1044: 1043:Feudal borders 1041: 1008: 1002: 996: 990: 984: 936: 935: 924: 915: 906: 898: 887: 878: 870: 861: 842: 841: 839: 838: 831: 824: 816: 813: 812: 810: 809: 803: 790: 789: 786: 785: 778: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 751: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 735:Municipalities 732: 727: 722: 716: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 697: 696: 695: 693: 692: 687: 682: 677: 671: 666: 665: 664: 662: 661: 656: 651: 646: 640: 635: 634: 633: 631: 630: 625: 620: 615: 609: 604: 603: 602: 600: 599: 592: 587: 582: 576: 570: 564: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555: 554: 553: 548: 541: 540: 537: 533: 531: 530: 529: 524: 519: 518: 517: 514: 511: 508: 507:Civil tribunal 500: 490: 489: 488: 483: 473: 472: 471: 461: 460: 459: 450: 445: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 435: 434: 428:Prime Minister 419: 414: 413: 410: 409: 406: 405: 404: 403: 389: 388: 387: 372: 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 353: 348: 347: 346: 336: 335: 334: 318: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 299: 293: 288: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 271: 270: 265: 259: 256: 231:European Union 214:2007 elections 159:Dutch Republic 103: 100: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6097: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6037: 6033: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6006: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5968: 5966: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5938: 5932: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5899:September 26, 5894: 5890: 5884: 5873:September 26, 5868: 5864: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5839: 5837: 5820: 5816: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5768: 5762: 5754: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5731:September 28, 5727: 5726: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5705: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5673: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 5635:September 11, 5630: 5626: 5620: 5609:September 11, 5604: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5545: 5544: 5543:Vrtnieuws.net 5539: 5533: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5448: 5441: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5406: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5306: 5300: 5293: 5288: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5254:September 14, 5249: 5245: 5239: 5228:September 14, 5223: 5219: 5213: 5206: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5174: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5137: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5044: 5038: 5031: 5018: 5014: 5008: 4999: 4992: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4963: 4947: 4940: 4934: 4927: 4915: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4865: 4863: 4854:September 14, 4849: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4796: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4721: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4658:September 26, 4653: 4649: 4642: 4640: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4582: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4483: 4476:September 11, 4468: 4461: 4460: 4452: 4445: 4441: 4439:2-8040-2174-2 4435: 4431: 4424: 4408: 4407: 4399: 4393: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4334: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4240: 4236: 4235:Vlaanderen.be 4232: 4226: 4219: 4203: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4161: 4159:3-87118-597-3 4155: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4132: 4130:3-87118-597-3 4126: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4089:(in French). 4088: 4084: 4078: 4071: 4059: 4055: 4052:(in French). 4051: 4047: 4041: 4034: 4021: 4017: 4014:(in French). 4013: 4009: 4003: 3996: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3899: 3897:0-399-11022-4 3893: 3889: 3888: 3880: 3878: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3778: 3772: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3532: 3520: 3513: 3509: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3477: 3469:September 10, 3461: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3422: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3377: 3362: 3361: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3322: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3181:Bart De Wever 3177: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3130:Bart De Wever 3127: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3074:Vlaams Belang 3071: 3070:Linda Vissers 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3027:Vlaams Belang 3023: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899:Belgian Union 2895: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2884:List Dedecker 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2852:welfare state 2848: 2846: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2752:Our Own House 2745: 2744: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2462: 2461: 2447: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2401:Liechtenstein 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2381:German states 2377: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346:Eupen-Malmedy 2343: 2336:(light grey). 2335: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2286:Bart De Wever 2283: 2282:Louis Tobback 2278: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2103: 2098: 2089: 2087: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2021: 2018:June 18, 1911 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1987:F. Schollaert 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1948: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1912:July 31, 1899 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1886: 1881: 1878:June 26, 1896 1876: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1853:June 25, 1896 1851: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:Jules Destrée 1757: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736:Vlaams Belang 1733: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1681: 1678: 1677:Henri Pirenne 1674: 1668: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1609: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564:unitary state 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1539: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528:Suzanne Lilar 1525: 1521: 1520:Orange-Nassau 1517: 1513: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:Luxembourgish 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381:Land of Herve 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288:West Flanders 1285: 1281: 1278:river—except 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1252:East Flanders 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1155:Ancien Régime 1148: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1069:confederation 1066: 1065:Low Countries 1058: 1054: 1049: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1021: 981: 976: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 949: 943: 931: 922: 913: 903: 894: 885: 868: 860:Communities: 858: 853: 849: 837: 832: 830: 825: 823: 818: 817: 815: 814: 808: 805: 804: 802: 792: 791: 784: 781: 780: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 749: 744: 743: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 714: 709: 708: 701: 698: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 672: 670: 669: 667: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 639: 638: 636: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 608: 607: 605: 598: 597: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 575: 574: 572: 571: 568: 562: 561: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 538: 535: 534: 532: 528: 525: 523: 520: 515: 512: 509: 506: 505: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 491: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 477: 474: 470: 467: 466: 465: 464:Highest court 462: 458: 455: 454: 452: 451: 448: 443: 442: 433: 429: 426: 425: 424: 421: 420: 417: 412: 411: 402: 398: 395: 394: 393: 390: 386: 382: 379: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 365: 364: 357: 354: 352: 351:Crown Council 349: 345: 342: 341: 340: 337: 333: 330: 329: 327: 323: 320: 319: 316: 311: 310: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 291: 286: 285: 282: 281: 277: 273: 272: 268: 264: 263: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 240: 234: 232: 228: 224: 219: 215: 211: 207: 201: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 174: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 112:Low Countries 109: 108:Luxembourgish 99: 97: 93: 89: 84: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 35: 30: 19: 6038:(in French). 6035: 6025: 6016: 6005: 5999:(in French). 5996: 5986: 5980:(in French). 5977: 5958:(in German). 5955: 5945: 5931: 5922: 5918: 5909: 5897:. Retrieved 5892: 5883: 5871:. Retrieved 5866: 5857: 5851:(in German). 5848: 5825:September 9, 5823:. Retrieved 5818: 5809: 5799:September 9, 5797:. Retrieved 5792: 5783: 5771:. Retrieved 5761: 5736: 5729:. Retrieved 5723: 5713: 5702: 5695:. Retrieved 5688: 5679: 5670: 5665:November 14, 5663:. Retrieved 5659:the original 5654: 5645: 5633:. Retrieved 5628: 5619: 5607:. Retrieved 5602: 5593: 5585: 5580:November 13, 5578:. Retrieved 5574:the original 5569: 5560: 5550:November 22, 5548:. Retrieved 5541: 5532: 5522:November 22, 5520:. Retrieved 5513: 5504: 5494:November 22, 5492:. Retrieved 5475: 5465:November 22, 5463:. Retrieved 5456: 5447: 5438: 5431:. Retrieved 5424: 5414: 5401: 5396:November 23, 5394:. Retrieved 5387: 5378: 5370:the original 5365:The Scotsman 5363: 5354: 5342:. Retrieved 5337:The Guardian 5335: 5325: 5317: 5309:. Retrieved 5299: 5281: 5264: 5252:. Retrieved 5248:the original 5238: 5226:. Retrieved 5222:the original 5212: 5203: 5196:. Retrieved 5192:the original 5182: 5171: 5164:. Retrieved 5160:the original 5147: 5140:. Retrieved 5136:the original 5125: 5104: 5097:. Retrieved 5093:the original 5083: 5071:. Retrieved 5064:the original 5051: 5037: 5028: 5021:. Retrieved 5017:the original 5007: 4998: 4990: 4983:. Retrieved 4979:the original 4969: 4960: 4953:. Retrieved 4946:the original 4933: 4924: 4917:. Retrieved 4897: 4888: 4883:November 28, 4881:. Retrieved 4871: 4859: 4852:. Retrieved 4848:the original 4843: 4833: 4825: 4820:September 6, 4818:. Retrieved 4814: 4804: 4792: 4787:September 6, 4785:. Retrieved 4775: 4766:Rudy Demotte 4751: 4746:September 6, 4744:. Retrieved 4740:the original 4729: 4718: 4711:. Retrieved 4704: 4694: 4684:February 24, 4682:. Retrieved 4678:the original 4668: 4656:. Retrieved 4651: 4626:. Retrieved 4622: 4612: 4602:November 29, 4600:. Retrieved 4597:The Bulletin 4596: 4571: 4561: 4539: 4530: 4520: 4508:. Retrieved 4501: 4481: 4474:. Retrieved 4467:the original 4458: 4451: 4443: 4429: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4404: 4392: 4380:. Retrieved 4376:the original 4369: 4360: 4340: 4333: 4321:. Retrieved 4317:the original 4307: 4295:. Retrieved 4291:the original 4281: 4269:. Retrieved 4265:the original 4255: 4243:. Retrieved 4239:the original 4234: 4225: 4216: 4209:. Retrieved 4191: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4149: 4143: 4134: 4120: 4114: 4106: 4099:. Retrieved 4095:the original 4077: 4069: 4062:. Retrieved 4058:the original 4040: 4031: 4024:. Retrieved 4020:the original 4002: 3995:communities. 3993: 3986:. Retrieved 3968: 3960: 3954: 3949:Deam, Lisa. 3927:. Retrieved 3923: 3886: 3864:. Retrieved 3859: 3849: 3837:. Retrieved 3832: 3822: 3810:. Retrieved 3803:the original 3798: 3785: 3759:. Retrieved 3747: 3731:. Retrieved 3727:the original 3703:. Retrieved 3699:the original 3689: 3676: 3669:. Retrieved 3665:the original 3651: 3640: 3631: 3616: 3602: 3590:. Retrieved 3586:the original 3579: 3569: 3559:November 28, 3557:. Retrieved 3550: 3529: 3522:. Retrieved 3518: 3491:De Standaard 3490: 3486: 3482:De Standaard 3480: 3474: 3467:. Retrieved 3460:the original 3428:. Retrieved 3421:the original 3404: 3392:. Retrieved 3386: 3376: 3364:. Retrieved 3358: 3348: 3332: 3325:. Retrieved 3321:the original 3314: 3285: 3281: 3253:De Standaard 3251: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3217:state reform 3210: 3203: 3197: 3193:constitution 3185:Elio Di Rupo 3178: 3157:Yves Leterme 3150: 3141:Elio Di Rupo 3101: 3093: 3091: 3066:Filip De Man 3051: 3044: 3024: 3008:Yves Leterme 2998: 2993:Marseillaise 2991: 2983:Yves Leterme 2963: 2958:Yves Leterme 2915: 2907:trade unions 2896: 2873: 2849: 2841: 2811:state reform 2809: 2789: 2778: 2773: 2747: 2720: 2699: 2676: 2655: 2632: 2609: 2588: 2565: 2538: 2515: 2491: 2464: 2449:Affiliation 2372: 2339: 2310: 2290: 2274: 2249: 2241: 2225: 2214: 2146: 2131: 2122: 2114: 2106: 2082: 2077:quid-pro-quo 2073: 2066: 1997:June 8, 1911 1843:J. de Burlet 1817:A. Beernaert 1796:Governments 1782: 1770: 1759: 1720: 1712:Equality Law 1693: 1671:Currents of 1670: 1648:, a Belgian 1633: 1629: 1624:, a Belgian 1607: 1544: 1508:noble courts 1504: 1439:East Flemish 1435:West Flemish 1430: 1409: 1327: 1320: 1300: 1246:would go to 1216: 1188: 1152: 1113:Dutch Revolt 1062: 1037: 1016: 979: 946: 939: 713:Subdivisions 595: 539:Minor claims 536:Minor crimes 493:Trial courts 356:Royal Family 290:Constitution 237: 235: 202: 194:Constitution 186:buffer state 175: 105: 85: 78: 33: 31: 29: 5749:. Et lâche 5739:Poniatowski 5440:population. 5198:November 6, 5166:November 6, 5142:November 6, 5099:October 22, 5073:December 1, 5057:"Programma" 5023:October 17, 4985:December 7, 4919:December 7, 4709:(in French) 4654:(in German) 4574:(in Dutch). 4525:G. Geerts. 4444:(664 pages) 4101:January 10, 4064:January 10, 4026:January 10, 3812:January 16, 3183:(N-VA) and 3001:Fortis case 2988:Brabançonne 2736:Regionalism 2417:Grand Duchy 2299:, with the 2277:condominium 2271:Condominium 2057:rattachists 1966:May 1, 1907 1961:J. de Trooz 1742:(N-VA) and 1732:Vlaams Blok 1710:. The 1898 1700:bourgeoisie 1457:dialect of 1328:Sprachräume 1159:departments 1147:departments 1024:Flemish one 171:upper class 155:Sprachräume 116:Middle Ages 58:Netherlands 6049:Categories 5956:BRF Online 5849:BRF online 5725:Libération 5690:Libération 5311:August 29, 4706:Libération 4623:Café Babel 4544:(in Dutch) 3295:References 3151:After the 3010:. The new 2798:devolution 2740:Liberalism 2550:bilingual 2531:Liberalism 2484:separatism 2409:Luxembourg 2393:Bundesland 2364:government 2340:The small 2293:Maastricht 2169:city-state 2141:See also: 1771:separation 1652:bordering 1568:federation 1495:Champenois 1447:Limburgish 1431:Sprachraum 1303:Talleyrand 1280:Maastricht 1162:bilingual 846:See also: 227:state debt 102:Background 81:federation 74:Luxembourg 48:) and the 5793:Le Figaro 5747:Moscovici 5426:The Times 4955:March 12, 4628:March 31, 4503:USA Today 3641:precisely 3637:Charta 91 3243:De Morgen 3094:Editie NL 2979:caretaker 2975:lame duck 2725:Challenge 2458:Ideology 2455:Language 2405:tax haven 1728:Volksunie 1646:Linkebeek 1497:. Due to 1475:Charleroi 1451:Ripuarian 1443:Brabantic 1373:Herstappe 1307:Leopold I 1199:Calvinist 1180:provinces 1075:ruled in 905:Regions: 725:Provinces 637:Regional 573:European 567:elections 447:Judiciary 397:President 381:President 5919:La Meuse 5773:June 19, 5570:Expatica 5429:. London 5340:. London 5114:and the 4550:Archived 4413:June 11, 4382:July 28, 4323:June 10, 4297:June 11, 4271:June 10, 4245:July 10, 4211:July 23, 4200:(2002). 3988:July 23, 3977:(2002). 3866:June 11, 3771:cite web 3721:and the 3524:July 23, 3510:(2002). 3451:(1999). 3394:July 16, 3327:June 20, 3237:L'Avenir 3165:election 3087:CD&V 2793:Cold War 2558:Unionism 2452:Members 2413:St. Vith 2397:Saarland 2359:Vennbahn 2303:and the 2203:The six 2165:Holy See 2149:district 2092:Brussels 2069:Walloons 2053:Brussels 2049:Wallonia 1767:Wallonia 1721:While a 1696:Flanders 1654:Brussels 1587:Brussels 1583:Wallonia 1579:Flanders 1487:Bastogne 1424:Germanic 1369:Hélécine 1357:Mouscron 1333:Ardennes 1242:and the 1144:Imperial 1123:and the 1115:and the 1099:and the 1073:fiefdoms 969:Wallonia 957:Wallonia 953:Flanders 930:Wallonia 912:Flanders 606:Federal 332:Philippe 315:Monarchy 297:Taxation 223:Brussels 167:Habsburg 152:Germanic 142:and the 126:and the 120:fiefdoms 88:Brussels 54:Wallonia 46:Flanders 6036:Le Soir 6017:Le Soir 5697:May 17, 5433:May 20, 5344:May 21, 5108:Fourons 4713:May 20, 4510:May 21, 4184:wekken. 3929:May 21, 3839:June 9, 3592:July 4, 3430:May 22, 3366:May 28, 3287:Le Soir 3031:culture 2759:French 2732:French 2711:French 2644:French 2600:French 2570:Forward 2554:Marxism 2527:French 2425:exclave 2354:Malmedy 2326:Malmedy 2232:airport 2183:of the 2155:or the 2043:Map of 1738:), the 1634:Fourons 1572:federal 1562:of the 1491:Lorrain 1471:Walloon 1420:Romance 1389:Warsage 1385:Berneau 1365:Hesbaye 1353:Malmedy 1296:Antwerp 1272:Limburg 1268:Antwerp 1264:Antwerp 1260:Hainaut 1256:Brabant 1248:Prussia 1219:Prussia 1176:Belgium 1133:Walloon 1103:. The 1079:by the 1059:(green) 1028:enclave 1022:or the 982:in 2006 948:Flemish 565:Recent 322:Monarch 244:Limburg 148:Romanic 92:Flemish 38:Belgium 5751:Lazaro 5110:, the 4844:Le Vif 4436: 4348: 4156: 4127: 3894: 3761:May 7, 3756:Quebec 3733:May 7, 3705:May 5, 3671:May 5, 3489:). in 3316:Forbes 3250:, and 3103:De Dag 2860:Voeren 2836:Spirit 2765:& 2738:& 2688:Dutch 2667:Dutch 2621:Dutch 2577:Dutch 2556:& 2503:Dutch 2476:Dutch 2423:as an 2330:Waimes 2236:forest 2211:(gray) 2045:France 1775:French 1636:) only 1630:Voeren 1622:Voeren 1467:Picard 1401:hamlet 1393:Dalhem 1377:Voeren 1345:Aachen 1341:Calais 1337:Aachen 1195:buffer 1168:Forêts 1095:, the 1091:, the 1083:: the 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 963:. The 942:census 940:As no 928: 926: 919: 917: 910: 908: 891: 889: 882: 880: 873: 865: 863: 668:Local 376:Senate 138:, the 134:, the 66:France 5484:(PDF) 5273:(PDF) 5067:(PDF) 5060:(PDF) 4949:(PDF) 4942:(PDF) 4910:(PDF) 4593:(PDF) 4470:(PDF) 4463:(PDF) 4401:(PDF) 4218:zones 4205:(PDF) 3982:(PDF) 3963:own." 3806:(PDF) 3795:(PDF) 3515:(PDF) 3463:(PDF) 3456:(PDF) 3424:(PDF) 3417:(PDF) 3334:Fitch 3163:. An 3098:RTL 4 2774:Total 2704:Ecolo 2681:Green 2421:Eupen 2230:, an 2047:plus 1799:From 1483:Liège 1479:Namur 1459:Trier 1405:Aubel 1349:Arlon 1284:Diest 1276:Meuse 1240:Liège 1236:Namur 1232:Liège 72:) or 5901:2010 5875:2010 5827:2010 5801:2010 5775:2010 5733:2021 5699:2008 5667:2007 5637:2010 5611:2010 5582:2007 5552:2007 5524:2007 5496:2007 5467:2007 5435:2008 5398:2007 5346:2010 5313:2011 5256:2009 5230:2009 5200:2007 5168:2007 5144:2007 5101:2007 5075:2007 5025:2007 4987:2007 4957:2007 4921:2007 4885:2007 4856:2010 4822:2010 4789:2010 4748:2010 4715:2008 4686:2011 4660:2010 4630:2016 4604:2007 4512:2010 4478:2009 4434:ISBN 4415:2008 4384:2007 4346:ISBN 4325:2008 4299:2008 4273:2008 4247:2007 4213:2008 4154:ISBN 4125:ISBN 4103:2008 4066:2008 4028:2008 3990:2008 3931:2010 3892:ISBN 3868:2008 3841:2007 3814:2009 3777:link 3763:2007 3735:2007 3707:2007 3673:2007 3594:2010 3581:Time 3561:2007 3526:2008 3471:2008 3432:2007 3396:2008 3368:2008 3329:2008 3119:and 3068:and 3052:The 3040:NATO 3038:and 2964:The 2920:and 2816:N-VA 2387:and 2328:and 2234:and 2051:and 2033:36% 2030:22% 2027:42% 2007:21% 2004:22% 2001:57% 1981:22% 1978:11% 1975:67% 1955:24% 1946:76% 1933:(2) 1925:16% 1916:84% 1896:13% 1887:87% 1874:(1) 1866:16% 1857:75% 1837:26% 1834:14% 1831:60% 1592:the 1545:The 1493:and 1485:and 1461:and 1422:and 1399:, a 1395:and 1387:and 1359:and 1351:via 1321:The 1209:The 1166:and 1164:Dyle 1131:and 1051:The 690:2024 685:2018 680:2012 675:2006 659:2024 654:2019 649:2014 644:2009 628:2024 623:2019 618:2014 613:2010 596:2024 590:2019 585:2014 580:2009 326:list 150:and 32:The 5603:RTL 5106:of 4764:et 3200:RTL 2973:'s 2779:150 2641:14 2618:11 2597:16 2574:13 2547:15 2524:20 2500:20 2473:24 2433:ZDF 2383:of 1952:0% 1922:0% 1893:0% 1863:9% 1802:To 1526:or 1489:), 1403:of 1347:to 1339:to 1309:of 1071:of 6051:: 6034:. 6015:. 5995:. 5976:. 5964:^ 5954:. 5917:. 5847:. 5835:^ 5735:. 5722:. 5701:. 5687:. 5669:. 5653:. 5627:. 5601:. 5584:. 5568:. 5540:. 5512:. 5455:. 5437:. 5423:. 5400:. 5386:. 5362:. 5334:. 5202:. 5170:. 5146:. 5129:* 5103:. 5027:. 4989:. 4959:. 4923:. 4912:. 4887:. 4858:. 4824:. 4813:. 4791:. 4756:à 4750:. 4717:. 4703:. 4638:^ 4621:. 4595:. 4580:^ 4570:. 4529:. 4500:. 4489:^ 4480:. 4442:. 4403:. 4368:. 4233:. 4215:. 4162:. 4133:. 4105:. 4085:. 4068:. 4048:. 4030:. 4010:. 3992:. 3953:. 3939:^ 3922:. 3906:^ 3876:^ 3858:. 3831:. 3797:. 3773:}} 3769:{{ 3754:, 3746:. 3712:* 3675:. 3659:. 3578:. 3549:. 3538:^ 3528:. 3517:. 3498:^ 3473:. 3440:^ 3411:. 3385:. 3357:. 3331:. 3313:. 3302:^ 3246:, 3234:, 3176:. 3089:. 3064:, 3060:, 2894:. 2756:0 2729:1 2708:3 2685:6 2664:7 2370:. 2288:. 2267:. 2179:, 1777:: 1570:: 1481:, 1477:, 1469:, 1453:, 1449:, 1445:, 1441:, 1437:, 1414:, 1407:. 1286:. 430:: 399:: 383:: 328:) 254:. 98:. 83:. 76:. 6019:. 5903:. 5877:. 5829:. 5803:. 5777:. 5639:. 5613:. 5554:. 5526:. 5498:. 5469:. 5348:. 5320:. 5315:. 5294:. 5275:. 5258:. 5232:. 5077:. 4864:. 4688:. 4662:. 4632:. 4606:. 4514:. 4417:. 4386:. 4354:. 4327:. 4301:. 4275:. 4249:. 3957:. 3933:. 3900:. 3870:. 3843:. 3816:. 3779:) 3765:. 3740:* 3737:. 3709:. 3610:. 3596:. 3563:. 3434:. 3398:. 3370:. 3276:( 3072:( 1950:0 1920:0 1891:0 1861:0 835:e 828:t 821:v 324:( 68:( 60:( 52:( 44:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Hypothetical partition of Belgium

Index