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Otto Rühle

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1377: 714: 1401: 738: 1519:. Rühle had already become a vocal critic of existing teaching methods and set up a social democratic educational society for the Hamburg area. In 1907 he became an itinerant teacher for the SPD's educational committee and developed a reputation in the SPD, through his socially critical educational writings: "Work and Education" (1904), "The Enlightenment of Children About Sexual Matters", (1907), and, above all, "The Proletarian Child" (1911). 1365: 298: 802: 1389: 726: 1740:
Russia was the example for fascism. Whether party 'communists' like it or not, the fact remains that the state order and rule in Russia are indistinguishable from those in Italy and Germany. Essentially, they are alike. One may speak of a red, black, or brown 'soviet state', as well as of red, black
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This distinction between head and body, between intellectuals and workers, officers and privates, corresponds to the duality of class society. One class is educated to rule; the other to be ruled. Lenin's organisation is only a replica of bourgeois society. His revolution is objectively determined by
42: 1570:. In 1918, Rühle decided not to seek re-election. Following the disorderly period of time in Germany, 1918–19, the dissolution of the Reichstag, which would subsequently be the end of Rühle's term in office, is not exactly known. However, given that the 1720:
describes Rühle as an exemplary radical figure within a German labour movement that had become ossified into various official structures, a perpetual outsider defined by his antagonistic relationship with the labour movement and to
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Rühle was also critical of the party as a revolutionary organisational form, stating that "the revolution is not a party affair". As a result, he supported a more
2145: 1431: 1957: 1706: 196: 1636: 1503:. However he was dismissed as a primary school teacher in 1902, and soon supported himself as a writer and editor of social democratic newspapers in 1823: 768: 2060: 2085: 1640: 178: 512: 1622:
It has served as the model for other capitalistic dictatorships. Ideological divergences do not really differentiate socioeconomic systems.
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the forces that create a social order incorporating these class relations, regardless of the subjective goals accompanying this process.
2135: 184: 1243: 2055: 538: 555: 523: 1417: 575: 202: 2024: 1749:, Rühle found it difficult to find work in Mexico and was forced to hand-paint notecards for hotels to financially survive. 2150: 761: 488: 592: 570: 2130: 1632: 1496: 879: 166: 2019:"Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils" (2007). St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers. 602: 1943:(4: 8). A longer text was published in French as "Fascisme Brun, Fascisme Rouge" by Spartacus in 1975 (Série B: 63). 2013: 841: 642: 2115: 2105: 754: 528: 2075: 785: 597: 54: 2080: 836: 617: 533: 1923: 801: 2090: 2050: 1539: 1248: 348: 1475:, Saxony on 23 October 1874. His father was a railway official. In 1889 he started to train as teacher in 2070: 1786:
In 1936, Gerstel followed him to Mexico. She committed suicide on the day of his death on 24 June 1943.
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in 1939, Rühle began to see the parallels between the two ideological dictators, writing:
1483:. In 1895 he became the private tutor for the Countess von Bühren, while also teaching at 8: 1726: 1702: 1141: 1112: 904: 851: 687: 353: 323: 318: 1280: 909: 884: 343: 2027:. It includes Ruhle's "The Revolution is Not a Party Affair" and "Report From Moscow". 1042: 977: 2020: 1698: 1563: 1460: 1456: 1292: 1216: 1175: 1057: 947: 677: 647: 473: 443: 393: 1753: 1603: 1543: 1393: 1369: 1327: 1129: 1107: 1072: 1052: 987: 899: 826: 730: 718: 468: 463: 358: 172: 997: 1591: 1575: 1523: 1452: 1405: 1206: 1185: 1032: 1002: 992: 952: 942: 869: 742: 627: 518: 428: 1587: 1527: 1322: 1253: 1027: 932: 821: 478: 458: 423: 338: 328: 289: 1574:
was the first event in a series of events that would eventually lead to a new
1472: 111: 2034: 1795: 1757: 1656: 1611: 1531: 1500: 1342: 1170: 1067: 1037: 1012: 1007: 972: 692: 682: 493: 448: 438: 388: 313: 115: 1869: 1867: 1746: 1717: 1599: 1221: 1047: 982: 967: 957: 453: 257: 2003: 1673: 1594:, developing both an early communist critique of Bolshevism and an early 1349: 586: 433: 252: 131: 1937:
The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism
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against a world of warring states. In 1916, Rühle also took part in the
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Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
297: 1677: 1643:. However, when the KAPD lost touch with their first delegates, 1615: 1559: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1484: 1476: 1448: 1150: 153: 79: 1876:"Otto Rühle and the German Labour Movement by Paul Mattick 1945" 652: 580: 262: 135: 27:
German writer, editor, teacher, Marxist theorist and politician
1972:"The Case of Leon Trotsky (Report of Dewey Commission - 1937)" 1904:
Prichard, Alex; Kinna, Ruth; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (2012).
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Marxism in a Lost Century: A Biography of Paul Mattick
1939:". First appeared in the American Councilist journal 1783:, a German-Jewish writer, feminist and psychologist. 1756:
which cleared Trotsky of all charges made during the
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In October 1921, he was involved in setting up the 2121:Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire 1897: 1763:In 1928, Rühle wrote a very detailed biography of 1688:of Europe than a proletarian revolution, arguing: 1637:Executive Committee of the Communist International 2032: 1906:Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red 1707:Allgemeine Arbeiter-Union – Einheitsorganisation 1680:, it was ultimately an inappropriate form for a 2066:Communist Workers' Party of Germany politicians 1606:that had much in common with the state-centred 1499:(SPD) in 1896 and soon established a socialist 2146:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians 1641:Second Congress of the Communist International 1534:and others in founding the group and magazine 1447:(23 October 1874 – 24 June 1943) was a German 1425: 762: 2141:People of the German Revolution of 1918–1919 1701:approach which emphasised the importance of 1676:as an appropriate form for the overthrow of 1627:Delegation to the Comintern Congress, 1920 1479:. While there he became involved with the 1432: 1418: 769: 755: 67:12 January 1912 – 9 November 1918 40: 1581: 1261:Korean People's Association in Manchuria 556:Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation 233: 1921; died 1943) 14: 2061:Communist Party of Germany politicians 2033: 1891:"Rühle: Revolution Not A Party Affair" 1818: 1816: 1244:International Workingmen's Association 1847: 1845: 1554:In 1912 he was elected as deputy for 1664:The Revolution is not a Party Affair 1969: 1873: 1851: 1813: 1490: 593:International Socialists of Germany 576:Communist Workers' Party of Germany 24: 1984:Rühle, Otto (1928); trans. 1929). 1842: 1828:www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de 1633:Communist Workers Party of Germany 1497:Social Democratic Party of Germany 25: 2162: 2136:People from the Kingdom of Saxony 2086:German anti–World War I activists 1888: 1451:active in opposition to both the 1922:. London: Merlin Press. See the 1774: 1566:. He represented the SPD in the 1399: 1387: 1375: 1363: 800: 736: 724: 712: 571:Communist Workers' International 539:Internationalist Communist Party 296: 1978: 529:International Communist Current 524:Communist Workers' Organisation 230: 1946: 1929: 1912: 1882: 1540:revolutionary internationalism 1466: 598:League for Proletarian Culture 13: 1: 1987:Karl Marx: His Life and Works 1806: 1769:Karl Marx: His Life and Works 1745:Because of his connection to 643:Workers' Socialist Federation 618:Revolutionary Workers Ferment 613:Revolutionary Socialist Party 534:International Communist Party 1974:. Marxists Internet Archive. 1893:. Marxists Internet Archive. 1878:. Marxists Internet Archive. 1549: 349:Proletarian internationalism 7: 2151:Weimar Republic politicians 2056:Anti–World War II activists 1789: 1090:Philosophies and tendencies 10: 2167: 1997: 1830:. Karl Dietz Verlag Berlin 1752:Rühle was a member of the 1635:(KAPD) was invited by the 1586:Rühle participated in the 1481:German Freethinkers League 1266:Spanish Revolution of 1936 399:Situationist International 2131:People from Mittelsachsen 2008:Marxists Internet Archive 1990:. New York: Viking Press. 1382:Libertarianism portal 847:Revolutionary spontaneity 271: 240: 212: 159: 149: 141: 121: 94: 89: 85: 71: 60: 52: 48: 39: 32: 1920:Anti-Bolshevik Communism 1852:Bax, E. Belfort (1918). 1732:With the signing of the 1714:Anti-Bolshevik Communism 1659:were sent as delegates. 1572:abdication of Wilhelm II 1445:Karl Heinrich Otto Rühle 1249:Revolutions of 1917–1923 1212:Libertarian municipalism 1202:Democratic confederalism 1166:Chaulieu–Montal tendency 915:Workers' self-management 561:Communist Bulletin Group 99:Karl Heinrich Otto Rühle 1801:List of peace activists 1779:In 1921, Rühle married 1734:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1125:Individualist anarchism 895:Participatory economics 544:The Invisible Committee 2116:Libertarian socialists 2106:German revolutionaries 1918:Mattick, Paul (1978). 1743: 1695: 1682:proletarian revolution 1639:to participate in the 1624: 880:Decentralized planning 875:Co-operative economics 623:Socialism or Barbarism 2076:Exilliteratur writers 1935:Rühle, Otto (1939). " 1908:. Palgrave Macmillan. 1738: 1690: 1686:bourgeois revolutions 1620: 1596:opposition to fascism 1582:The German Revolution 832:Egalitarian community 817:Anti-authoritarianism 794:Libertarian socialism 608:Marxist Working Group 2081:German anti-fascists 1669:While Rühle saw the 1394:Socialism portal 1370:Anarchism portal 1338:Democratic socialism 1276:New social movements 890:Industrial democracy 731:Socialism portal 719:Communism portal 2091:German male writers 2051:Adlerian psychology 1952:Roth, Gary (2015). 1727:bourgeois democracy 1538:, which proposed a 1406:Politics portal 1142:Anarcho-syndicalism 905:Socialist economics 743:Politics portal 688:Industrial unionism 638:Workers' Opposition 324:Class consciousness 319:Anti-Stalinist left 2071:Council communists 1281:Zapatista uprising 910:Worker cooperative 885:Economic democracy 811:Political concepts 519:Communist Struggle 344:Organic centralism 2126:Marxist theorists 2025:978-0-9791813-6-8 1741:or brown fascism. 1703:workers' councils 1699:council communist 1674:vanguardist party 1564:Saxon Switzerland 1471:Otto was born in 1461:council communist 1457:Second World Wars 1442: 1441: 1293:Rojava Revolution 1229: 1228: 1217:Utopian socialism 1176:Council communism 779: 778: 678:Classical Marxism 474:Antonie Pannekoek 444:Bruno Fortichiari 394:Council communism 275: 274: 16:(Redirected from 2158: 2101:German pacifists 1991: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1961: 1950: 1944: 1933: 1927: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1754:Dewey Commission 1723:Marxism–Leninism 1604:state capitalism 1598:. Rühle saw the 1544:Spartacus League 1491:Political career 1434: 1427: 1420: 1404: 1403: 1392: 1391: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1328:Social democracy 1194:Other tendencies 1108:Social anarchism 1094: 1093: 852:Workers' control 837:Free association 827:Decentralization 804: 781: 780: 771: 764: 757: 741: 740: 729: 728: 717: 716: 715: 589: 566:Communist League 469:Sylvia Pankhurst 464:Gavril Myasnikov 359:World revolution 354:Workers' council 300: 277: 276: 234: 232: 173:Spartacus League 128: 108: 106: 90:Personal details 65: 44: 30: 29: 21: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2111:Left communists 2096:German Marxists 2031: 2030: 2016:at Kurasje.org. 2000: 1995: 1994: 1983: 1979: 1970:Trotsky, Leon. 1968: 1964: 1951: 1947: 1934: 1930: 1917: 1913: 1902: 1898: 1887: 1883: 1874:Mattick, Paul. 1872: 1865: 1850: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1822: 1821: 1814: 1809: 1792: 1777: 1667: 1629: 1592:labour movement 1588:left opposition 1584: 1552: 1524:Karl Liebknecht 1493: 1469: 1438: 1398: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1364: 1362: 1355: 1354: 1313: 1305: 1304: 1239: 1231: 1230: 1207:Guild socialism 1186:Western Marxism 1091: 1083: 1082: 928: 920: 919: 870:Anti-capitalism 865: 857: 856: 812: 775: 735: 723: 713: 711: 704: 703: 702: 667: 659: 658: 657: 603:Left Communists 585: 508: 500: 499: 498: 429:Arrigo Cervetto 413: 405: 404: 403: 373: 365: 364: 363: 308: 267: 236: 228: 224: 221: 208: 160:Political party 130: 126: 110: 109:23 October 1874 104: 102: 101: 100: 66: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2164: 2154: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2029: 2028: 2017: 2011: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1977: 1962: 1945: 1941:Living Marxism 1928: 1911: 1896: 1881: 1863: 1860:(6 June 1918). 1841: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1776: 1773: 1725:as well as to 1666: 1661: 1628: 1625: 1590:of the German 1583: 1580: 1551: 1548: 1536:Internationale 1528:Rosa Luxemburg 1507:, followed by 1495:He joined the 1492: 1489: 1473:Großvoigtsberg 1468: 1465: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1422: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1396: 1384: 1372: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1330: 1325: 1323:Libertarianism 1320: 1314: 1312:Related topics 1311: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1254:Makhnovshchina 1246: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1155: 1154: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1102: 1101: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 929: 926: 925: 922: 921: 918: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 872: 866: 863: 862: 859: 858: 855: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 822:Class conflict 819: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 797: 796: 790: 789: 777: 776: 774: 773: 766: 759: 751: 748: 747: 746: 745: 733: 721: 706: 705: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 669: 668: 666:Related topics 665: 664: 661: 660: 656: 655: 650: 648:Workers' Truth 645: 640: 635: 633:Workers' Group 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 547: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 510: 509: 506: 505: 502: 501: 497: 496: 491: 486: 481: 479:Lorenzo Parodi 476: 471: 466: 461: 459:Grandizo Munis 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 424:Amadeo Bordiga 421: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 406: 402: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 329:Class struggle 326: 321: 316: 310: 309: 306: 305: 302: 301: 293: 292: 290:Left communism 286: 285: 273: 272: 269: 268: 266: 265: 260: 255: 250: 244: 242: 238: 237: 226: 222: 217: 216: 214: 210: 209: 207: 206: 200: 194: 188: 182: 176: 170: 163: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 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Index

Otto Ruhle

Reichstag
Pirna
Sebnitz
Großvoigtsberg
German Empire
Mexico City
Mexico
German
SPD
Spartacus League
USPD
IKD
KPD
AAUE
KAPD
Alice Gerstel
Politician
Philosopher
Psychologist
Writer
a series
Left communism

Anti-Leninism
Anti-Stalinist left
Class consciousness
Class struggle
Communism

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