887:. The term employed sometimes depends on the aspect most in view: if one is addressing corporate unity, the emphasis may be on schism; if one is addressing doctrinal coherence, the emphasis may be on heresy. A deviation lighter than heresy is commonly called error, in the sense of not being grave enough to cause total estrangement, while yet seriously affecting communion. Sometimes error is also used to cover both full heresies and minor errors. Doctrine or practices not regarded as essential to faith, with which Christians can legitimately disagree, are known as
318:: "Religion is to be sought…only among those who are called Catholic or orthodox Christians, that is, guardians of truth and followers of right." Over time, the Western Church gradually identified with the "Catholic" label, and people of Western Europe gradually associated the "Orthodox" label with the Eastern Church (in some languages the "Catholic" label is not necessarily identified with the Western Church). This was in note of the fact that both Catholic and Orthodox were in use as ecclesiastical adjectives as early as the 2nd and 4th centuries respectively.
775:
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431:, who others equate to prophets, and has no founder, no authority or command, but recommendations. The term most equivalent to orthodoxy at best has the meaning of "commonly accepted" traditions rather than the usual meaning of "conforming to a doctrine", for example, what people of middle eastern faiths attempt to equate as doctrine in Hindu philosophies is
1552:- the Thomistic in the Roman Catholic case, the Palamite in Neo-Patristic theology. Compliance with this norm is held to be absolutely necessary to be a true Catholic or a true Orthodox, and any deviation from it is considered detrimental this perennial norm functions, ultimately, to legitimize the 'Catholic' and the 'Orthodox' denomination (
1596:
Schooling is the set of programs and practices that institutionalize the norms and standards of written culture. In reading authoritative texts learners are acquiring not only knowledge but also the rules and norms for what constitutes a clear distinction, defensible theory, valid argument or a sound
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was one stemming from the authority of God, as interpreted bay God's representatives on Earth. Anyone who opposed the judgement of clergy committed a heresy. The Roman
Catholic Church's 'thought police' in charge of arresting any unorthodox thinking. The Spanish Inquisition was the most ruthless
435:, but which at best can be translated to mean "ageless traditions", hence denoting that they are accepted not through doctrine and force but through multi-generational tests of adoption and retention based on circumstantial attrition through millennia. Still, the concepts of
553:, which is relatively open to outer society. Each of those is itself formed of independent streams. They are almost uniformly exclusionist, regarding Orthodoxy as the only authentic form of Judaism and rejecting all non-Orthodox interpretations as illegitimate.
544:
Orthodox
Judaism is not a centralized denomination. Relations between its different subgroups are sometimes strained and the exact limits of Orthodoxy are subject to intense debate. Very roughly, it may be divided between
1529:. Pathways for Ecumenical and Interreligious Dialogue ISSN 2634-6605. Vol. 1: Historical and Theological Perspectives on the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Dialogue. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 31.
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note how often monotheistic descriptions of restoration employ political vocabulary - within which the believing community exists no longer under siege but in a position of authority over the nonmember, or
1461:
of the
Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'Orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical,
1523:
Avvakumov, Yury P. (2 February 2021). "Caught in the
Crossfire: Towards Understanding Medieval and Early Modern Advocates of Church Union". In Latinovic, Vladimir; Wooden, Anastacia K. (eds.).
161:. Hence, the Theravada school came to be considered the most orthodox of all Buddhist schools, as it is known to be highly conservative especially within the discipline and practice of the
84:, but different Churches accept different creeds and councils. Such differences of opinion have developed for numerous reasons, including language and cultural barriers.
883:
considered to be false are called heretics, while those who, perhaps without professing heretical beliefs, break from the perceived main body of believers are called
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750:
are also used more broadly by
English-speakers to refer to things other than ideas and beliefs. A new and unusual way of solving a problem could be referred to as
1597:
reason in a written-document culture. And that set of norms and standards is then to be carried over and used to judge one's own views whether written or spoken.
920:, for example, plays a much wider role in non-monotheistic (and particularly, non-scriptural) religion. The prevailing governing norm within polytheism is often
478:
is sometimes referred to as "Orthodox Islam". However, other scholars of Islam, such as John Burton believe that there is no such thing as "Orthodox Islam."
281:
in most
Christian contexts, since this was the viewpoint of previous Christian Church Fathers and was reaffirmed at these councils. (The minority of
239:
were held over a period of several centuries to try to formalize these doctrines. The most significant of these early decisions was that between the
1717:
North Korea may have provided Pol Pot a model of ethnic as well as ideological purity, one that disregarded Korea's distinct ethnic homogeneity.
697:
is often used to refer to any commonly held belief or set of beliefs in some field, in particular when these tenets - possibly referred to as "
380:
form of presentation, already popular in academia, in their writings and lectures. They defined the
Lutheran faith and defended it against the
407:. Calvinist scholasticism or Reformed scholasticism was a theological method that gradually developed during the era of Calvinist Orthodoxy.
499:, which seek to fully maintain the received Jewish beliefs and observances and which coalesced in opposition to the various challenges of
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as eternal and beyond historical influence, being applied differently to changing circumstances but basically unchangeable in itself.
376:. Lutheran scholasticism was a theological method that gradually developed during the era of Lutheran orthodoxy. Theologians used the
1827:
987:
1430:
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537:(Jewish Law), which is to be interpreted only according to received methods due to its divine character. Orthodoxy considers
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or religious sentiment have not developed standardised, generally accepted systems of thought, orthodoxy cannot take root.
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Near East, but literacy traditions in South Asia and in East Asia did not prevent the growth of religious and political
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In some
English-speaking countries, Jews who adhere to all the traditions and commandments as legislated in the
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Christology of the
Oriental Orthodox Churches: Christology in the Tradition of the Armenian Apostolic Church
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809:- whereby opinion can distinguish "correct" belief or doctrine from their "incorrect" equivalents. Where
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The
Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns
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The concept of orthodoxy pre-supposes some degree of agreed cultural standardisation - a system of
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This article is about adherence to accepted belief, especially in Christianity. For the book by
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The Inspiration of Scripture: A Study of the Theology of the 17th Century Lutheran Dogmaticians
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817:
273:). The homoousian doctrine, which defined Jesus as both God and man with the canons of the 431
186:
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Cataldo, Jeremiah W. (3 January 2018). "Understanding monotheism as a cultural institution".
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427:(Indus river) of the India. It is a record of the accepted teachings of each of thousands of
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Among various "orthodoxies" in distinctive fields, the most commonly used terms include:
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The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79
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and faithfully transmitted ever since. The movement advocates a strict observance of
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in the 16th to 18th centuries. Calvinist orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in
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Colic-Peisker, Val; Flitney, Adrian (24 October 2017). "A Rational Civilisation?".
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The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
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itself collectively refers to the various beliefs of people who lived beyond the
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1251:"The Human Icon: A Comparative Study of Hindu and Orthodox Christian Beliefs".
852:
701:" - are being challenged. In this sense, the term "orthodox" can have a mildly
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exemplifies a peak in this trend) and in their regulation or "correction" via
583:(Rodnovery) which characterize the religion as Orthodoxy, and by other terms.
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The Age of Post-Rationality: Limits of economic reasoning in the 21st century
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saw a turn - subsequently spreading elsewhere - to coercive interest in the
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61:, 'righteous/correct opinion') is adherence to correct or accepted
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differences. Since then, Oriental Orthodox Churches are maintaining the
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The Orthodox Imperative: Selected Essays of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J.
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for modern followers. It claims to derive a spiritual lineage from the
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A Social-Political History of Monotheism: From Judah to the Byzantines
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are tolerated and sometimes even encouraged within certain contexts.
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The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation
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refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and
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The concept of orthodoxy is prevalent in many forms of organized
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926:('right practice') rather than the "right belief" of orthodoxy.
855:- in the interests of ideological purity and state homogeneity.
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Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.
900:. However, orthodox belief is not usually overly emphasized in
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Adherence to the actual accepted belief, especially in religion
1513:, 2007; 335, published 8 November 2007, accessed 5 April 2023
1425:(illustrated ed.). B&H Publishing Group. p. 62.
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1698:(3 ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. xxx.
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religions, in which there is often little or no concept of
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refers to the set of doctrines which were believed by the
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Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as "Orthodox Islam".
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The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality
341:
designation as a symbol of their theological traditions.
1124:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
495:
is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of
361:. Lutheran orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in
131:
was known to denounce mere attachment to scriptures or
1577:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
1370:
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27:. For the Churches most often called "Orthodox", see
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and supra-national philosophies in the increasingly
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respectively, the ātiska being those who accept the
1672:Until the Enlightenment, the ultimate judgement or
1571:(7 November 2016). "Vygotsky and the Vygotskians".
1174:(Kindle ed.). First Things Press. p. 224.
50:
1739:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
1420:
1348:"Āstika | Vedic, Upanishads, Brahman | Britannica"
1677:pursuit of ideological purity in Western history.
1228:, Grand Rapids, Reformation Heritage Books, 2011.
758:way of solving a problem might be referred to as
94:are sometimes referred to simply as "Orthodoxy".
1819:
1507:How much of orthodox medicine is evidence based?
549:, which is more conservative and reclusive, and
1423:What You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims
1375:(2, revised ed.). Routledge. p. 252.
277:, won out in the Church and was referred to as
351:, which began in 1580 from the writing of the
223:is a common test of orthodoxy in Christianity.
1168:Dulles S.J., Avery (2012). Reno, R.R. (ed.).
912:, and varied interpretations of doctrine and
1167:
1774:
1485:"What is Kemetic Orthodoxy?: Introduction"
1324:"Nāstika | Indian philosophy | Britannica"
1184:
693:Outside the context of religion, the term
445:of Indian philosophy are quite similar to
300:continued to consider themselves uniquely
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681:Learn how and when to remove this message
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511:, it is chiefly defined by regarding the
386:Reformed orthodoxy or Calvinist orthodoxy
1526:Stolen Churches or Bridges to Orthodoxy?
839:. Medieval Europe and the post-colonial
214:
1688:
1653:. Singapore: Springer. pp. 21–22.
1608:
1400:(revised ed.). BRILL. p. 11.
1064:"Perseus Digital Greek Word Study Tool"
135:principles, as it was mentioned in the
1820:
1226:Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism
988:History of the Eastern Orthodox Church
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1395:
227:In classical Christian use, the term
1371:John Richard Thackrah (5 Sep 2013).
769:
619:adding citations to reliable sources
590:
1453:. p. 201: "Sunni: Of or pertaining
1237:Selderhuis, Herman J., ed. (2013).
1150:. Barre Center for Buddhist Studies
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157:) and the commentaries such as the
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1615:. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
1548:a certain eternal norm, a kind of
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14:
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1239:A Companion to Reformed Orthodoxy
1131:. 2004. Retrieved March 03, 2008.
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147:follows strict adherence to the
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606:needs additional citations for
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1215:London: Oliver and Boyd, 1957.
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1142:"Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas"
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754:, while a common and 'normal'
1:
1828:Religious belief and doctrine
1754:Krikorian, Mesrob K. (2010).
1447:An Introduction to the Hadith
1396:Nasir, Jamal J., ed. (2009).
1044:
1008:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
983:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
568:, a reform reconstruction of
388:was an era in the history of
347:was an era in the history of
333:(AD 451), because of several
285:object to this terminology.)
1049:
847:-systems of the individual (
415:Orthodoxy does not exist in
111:
57:
7:
1733:Henderson, John B. (1998).
1421:George W. Braswell (2000).
1094:Online Etymology Dictionary
1028:Proto-orthodox Christianity
929:
579:There are organizations of
410:
329:separated in two after the
321:Much earlier, the earliest
211:Evangelical Orthodox Church
203:Orthodox Anglican Communion
175:Proto-orthodox Christianity
116:
10:
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323:Oriental Orthodox Churches
183:Oriental Orthodox Churches
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33:Oriental Orthodox Churches
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963:Eastern Catholic Churches
574:Ancient Egyptian religion
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327:Chalcedonian Christianity
283:nontrinitarian Christians
1129:Houghton-Mifflin Company
973:Four Marks of the Church
863:Orthodoxy is opposed to
820:facilitated the gradual
464:
296:Catholic Church and the
191:Protestant scholasticism
1511:British Medical Journal
1474:, and so 'innovation'."
1373:Dictionary of Terrorism
958:Chalcedonian Definition
551:Modern Orthodox Judaism
298:Eastern Orthodox Church
207:African Orthodox Church
29:Eastern Orthodox Church
1810:Quotations related to
1280:Cite journal requires
1224:Willem J. van Asselt,
978:Heresy in Christianity
869:('other teaching') or
818:development of writing
587:Non-religious contexts
224:
187:Western Rite Orthodoxy
35:. For other uses, see
1833:Religious terminology
1487:. The House of Netjer
1068:www.perseus.tufts.edu
564:is a denomination of
384:of opposing parties.
265:Eusebius of Nicomedia
218:
1445:Burton, John. 1996.
968:Eastern Christianity
728:Scientific orthodoxy
712:Political orthodoxy
615:improve this article
529:biblical Mount Sinai
359:Age of Enlightenment
331:Council of Chalcedon
1003:Nicene Christianity
944:Christianity portal
581:Slavic Native Faith
570:Egyptian polytheism
405:Counter-Reformation
374:Counter-Reformation
288:Following the 1054
237:ecumenical councils
78:ecumenical councils
1692:(1 October 2008).
1550:theologia perennis
1470:, the contrary of
1352:www.britannica.com
1328:www.britannica.com
1257:10.1111/rirt.13458
993:Lutheran orthodoxy
785:. You can help by
731:Artistic orthodoxy
725:Economic orthodoxy
345:Lutheran orthodoxy
275:Council of Ephesus
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199:Reformed orthodoxy
195:Lutheran orthodoxy
92:Oriental Orthodoxy
1457:, especially the
1432:978-0-8054-1829-3
1382:978-1-135-16595-6
1147:Access to Insight
1087:Harper, Douglas.
1033:Radical orthodoxy
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562:Kemetic Orthodoxy
457:authority of the
401:Roman Catholicism
370:Roman Catholicism
357:and ended at the
219:Adherence to the
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101:are often called
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953:Catholicism
885:schismatics
849:McCarthyism
824:of written
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766:Development
630:"Orthodoxy"
476:Sunni Islam
471:Sunni Islam
394:Lutheranism
349:Lutheranism
292:, both the
1822:Categories
1554:Konfession
1357:2023-08-13
1333:2023-08-13
1309:2020-07-07
1304:altlib.org
1154:2018-03-14
1127:(4th ed.)
1100:2016-01-27
1073:2019-12-03
1045:References
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923:orthopraxy
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245:Athanasius
241:homoousian
149:Pāli Canon
143:school of
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1050:Citations
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837:pluralism
833:Abrahamic
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455:epistemic
447:orthodoxy
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363:Calvinism
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141:Theravada
123:Theravada
112:Religions
82:Antiquity
52:ὀρθοδοξία
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930:See also
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744:orthodox
736:medicine
566:Kemetism
525:revealed
417:Hinduism
411:Hinduism
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