792:
762:
804:
308:
293:
59:
202:
777:
416:, the order was officially revived by the late king's brother on 16 November 1816 but the new king (or his governments who made suggestions of whom may have been fit to be invested of it) took little interest in the order and no new knights were added after 1816. The Order was again abolished by the French authorities in 1830, following the July Revolition. The Order's last member died in 1850, although ten nominations of knights were conferred in 1929, 1930, and in the 1970s and 1980s.
45:
1474:
1194:
1340:
about the beginning of
February 1565–6, the Seigneur de Rembouillet, with a deputation from the King of France, arrived at the Palace, to present Darnley with the order of St. Michael, known as the Scallop or Cockle-shell Order, so called from the scallop shells of which the collar was composed. The
1180:
On le trouve nommé, en 1549, dans un compte du trésorier de l Ordre de Saint Michel, où il est dit qu il fut délivré à messire André de
Montalembert sgr d Essé, chev de l Ordre, le grand collier de l'Ordre de Saint Michel du feu comte de Languillare, dont le Roy avait fait don au dit sgr d'Essé, en
427:
Saint-Michel Order (1460–1830) can be considered as the precursor of the Order of the Arts and
Letters. Originally destined to the aristocracy, from 17th to 18th centuries it became an order of civil merit, which distinguished many artists, architects, collectors, and people of
1013:
Louis XI founded the Order of Saint
Michael in 1469. Initially, there were thirty-six knights, but their numbers increased to such a point that the order began to lose its prestige. Louis XIV reformed the order on 12 January 1665, reducing the number of knights to one
791:
1107:
Le guide diplomatique: Précis des droits et des fonctions des agents diplomatiques et consulaires; suivi d'un traité des actes et offices divers qui sont du ressort de la diplomatie, accompagné de pièce et documents proposés comme exemples, Volume
1124:
437:
No formal list of members of the order exists. The names of members can be gleaned from reference to their receipt of the order, from secondary sources, or from periodic lists compiled showing companions from particular families or regions.
261:. As a chivalric order, its goal was to confirm the loyalty of its knights to the king. Originally, there were a limited number of knights, at first thirty-one, then increased to thirty-six including the king. An office of
761:
1121:
323:
in France, close relatives of the king and a few from other royal houses in Europe. Originally, the number of members (called companions) was limited to thirty-five. In 1565, during the
553:
1139:
507:
623:
583:
1167:
393:
which the kings no longer used, to the control of the order in 1496. By letters patent dated 15 August 1555, the seat of the Order was transferred to the royal
803:
958:
1210:
281:
158:
366:) linked with double knots. The statutes state that the badge could be hung on a simple chain, and later it was suspended from a black ribbon
296:
King Louis XI sitting on his throne. In the room, a painting of St. Michael killing a serpent. Title page of the Order's statutes, drawn by
450:) were appointed by Louis XI and tasked to select, jointly with the king himself, the next ones to complete the first group of thirty-six:
776:
1499:
641:
668:
1478:
464:
20:
1494:
1450:
1168:"Les Chevaliers de Saint-Michel de La Province du Poitou depuis La Fondation de L'Ordre en 1469 Jusqu'a L'Ordannance de 1669"
1073:
1046:
1006:
981:
942:
853:
603:
722:
662:
404:, under pressures from the revolutionaries, on 20 June 1790. It was abolished along with all other chivalric orders of the
359:
1401:
647:
1181:
le faisant et créant chevalier de son Ordre, ainsi qu'il apparaissait par son récépissé du 27 septembre de cette année
1376:
1312:
1288:
1233:
677:
389:
to transfer this meeting place to the chapel of Saint-Michel-du-Palais, part of Paris' medieval royal residence the
454:
373:
was commissioned to paint the title miniature of the
Statutes, showing the king presiding over the knights (Paris,
558:
265:
was established in 1476. The Order of St
Michael was the highest Order in France until it was superseded by the
512:
493:
487:
420:
413:
914:
469:
354:" (meaning "The tremor of the immense ocean"), derived from the idea of Saint Michael looking out over the
311:
Plaque marking the former site of the Chapel of Saint-Michel du Palais, home of the Order from 1496 to 1555
713:
846:
The knights of the crown : the monarchical orders of knighthood in later medieval Europe, 1325–1520
588:
548:
473:
446:
The first fifteen knights, men of "good sense, valiance, wisdom and other great and laudable virtues" (
238:
502:
374:
292:
797:
King
Francis I presiding the Order's knights. Painting from a copy of the statutes from about 1530.
459:
266:
183:
331:
increased the membership to fifty, but there may have been as many as seven hundred knights under
307:
1166:
D'Hozier, Jean-François-Louis and Paul de Chabot (1895). Carné, Gaston Louis Michel Marie (ed.).
324:
394:
1305:
Northumberland: The
Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland
767:
626:, Baron of Asnebec, Baron of Ranes, Lord of Rouvrou, la Fresnaye and Saint-Georges, in 1469 by
535:
386:
363:
1417:
1368:
1361:
409:
1325:
1105:
1063:
873:
810:
746:
717:
707:
527:
518:
328:
193:
570:
390:
8:
782:
690:
656:
651:
636:
544:
531:
339:
332:
249:, Louis' chief competitor for the allegiance of the great houses of France, the dukes of
201:
1065:
European monarchy : its evolution and practice from Roman antiquity to modern times
1204:
952:
935:
Les chevaliers de Saint-Michel, 1665–1790 : le premier ordre de mĂ©rite civil
672:
627:
262:
234:
168:
377:, fr. 19819). The original plan was for the knights to meet yearly on 29 September at
250:
1446:
1397:
1372:
1344:
1308:
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1229:
1069:
1042:
1002:
977:
938:
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522:
378:
343:
277:
230:
154:
101:
63:
58:
1251:
Isabella d'Este: Marchioness of Mantua 1474–1539 a Study of the
Renaissance – Vol. 1
1025:
740:
342:
conveyed to every member a gold badge of the image of the saint standing on a rock (
258:
246:
19:
This article is about the French dynastic order of knighthood. For other uses, see
1456:
The French coat of arms of prime counsellor
Costantin Gerachi (Constance Phaulkon)
405:
1439:
History and Genealogy of the Cangelari Family of Cephalonia (16th–20th Centuries)
1128:
694:
686:
478:
347:
273:
242:
219:
146:
91:
564:
540:
498:
355:
227:
151:
119:
73:
872:
Meader, John R (1904). Beach, Frederick Converse; Rines, George Edwin (eds.).
1488:
1283:. The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. p. 121.
1151:
632:
254:
1341:
investiture was performed after the celebration of mass in the Chapel-Royal
848:(Paperback ed.). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 427–47.
370:
297:
1453:
1093:. Paris: La Société nationale des antiquaires de France. pp. 217–20.
1061:
140:
1436:
607:
997:
Vachaudez, Christophe; Walgrave, Jan (2008). Diana Scarisbrick (ed.).
735:
701:
594:
574:
448:
bon sens, vaillance, prud'hommie et autres grandes et louables vertus
401:
134:
44:
1062:
Duchhard, Heinz; Richard A. Jackson; David J. Sturdy, eds. (1992).
770:, son of Louis XI, wearing the collar of the Order of Saint Michael
611:
482:
382:
362:
made of scallop shells (the badge of pilgrims, especially those to
320:
272:
Although officially abolished by the government authorities of the
16:
French dynastic order of chivalry, founded by King Louis XI in 1469
996:
886:
the Order of Saint Michael, founded 1 August 1469 by King Louis XI
419:
The French government considers the Order to be the origin of the
578:
369:
When the Order of St Michael was founded, the famous illuminator
1394:
Geschiedenis van Nederland: De Canon van ons Vaderlands Verleden
1473:
598:
316:
1330:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Keeper of the Chapel Royal. p. 58
1091:
L'ordre de Saint-Michel au temps de Louis XI et Charles VIII
358:
from Mont Saint-Michel. It was suspended from the elaborate
1363:
Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530–1630
280:, its activities carried on. It is still recognised by the
976:. Botley, Oxford, UK: Shire Publications. pp. 31–32.
683:
Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll in 1548 by Henry II
1192:
933:
Pinoteau, Benoit de Fauconpret; préface d'Hervé (2007).
728:
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, 1566 by Charles IX
999:
Royal jewels : from Charlemagne to the Romanovs
385:. Such an isolated location was impractical causing
1360:
1104:Martens, Karl von and Ferdinand de Wegman (1851).
700:André de Montalembert in 1549 (for the capture of
488:Louis de Beaumont, lord of La ForĂŞt and Le Plessis
1486:
1266:Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk (1473–1554)
1111:. Leipzig, Germany: F.A. Brockhaus. p. 154.
1161:
1159:
716:under the name King Henry of Scotland, 1565 by
919:(in French). Paris: A. Colin. pp. 553–60.
327:, when loyalties were strained and essential,
282:International Commission on Orders of Chivalry
1228:. Great Britain: Phoenix Press. p. 101.
1459:, Athens 2013, pp. 36–38. (reprint in Greek)
1165:
1156:
957:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1327:History of the Abbey and Palace of Holyrood
1281:James V: The Personal Rule, 1528–1542
412:continued to acknowledge it. Following the
1268:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
1248:
1209:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
990:
928:
926:
400:The Order of St. Michael was abolished by
338:The Order of St. Michael dedicated to the
1088:
1082:
874:"Orders (Royal) and Decorations of Honor"
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
1391:
1354:
1352:
1323:
1223:
1133:
1001:. New York: VendĂ´me Press. p. 146.
932:
867:
865:
642:Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua
465:Louis of Luxembourg, Constable of France
306:
291:
1307:The Kent State University Press p. 114
1278:
1145:
1103:
974:European orders and decorations to 1945
971:
937:(1ère éd. ed.). Paris: P. du Puy.
923:
844:Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre (1986).
843:
21:Order of Saint Michael (disambiguation)
1487:
1263:
1115:
1068:. Stuttgart: Steiner. pp. 86–90.
1055:
965:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
871:
824:
1396:. Zutphen: Walburg Pers. p. 83.
1358:
1349:
1253:. New York: E.P. Dutton. p. 295.
1036:
862:
669:James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault
432:
237:on 1 August 1469, in response to the
912:
723:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
663:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
360:Collar of the Order of Saint Michael
1392:Hellinga, Gerben Graddesz. (2007).
1199:. Vol. II. Dijon. p. 143.
891:
809:Collar of the Order as used on the
617:
536:Grand Master of the Hotel of France
13:
1196:Histoire de la Maison de Chabannes
648:Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
14:
1511:
1466:
1226:Cesare Borgia: His Life and Times
1193:Comte Henri de Chabannes (1894).
678:George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
441:
302:Bibliothèque Nationale, fr. 19819
1500:History of Catholicism in France
1472:
802:
790:
775:
760:
200:
57:
43:
1435:, Fayard, Paris 1991, p. 405.
1425:
1410:
1385:
1317:
1297:
1272:
1257:
1242:
1217:
1186:
1097:
1041:. : Read a Classic. p. 9.
785:wearing the collar of the Order
1416:Frazer, Robert Watson (1896).
1039:Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres
1030:
1019:
350:. The motto of the order was "
1:
1264:Graves, Michael A.R. (2008).
421:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
319:were among the most powerful
1495:Orders of chivalry of France
1089:Contamine, Philippe (1978).
689:in 1549 (for the capture of
145:Abolished in 1830 after the
7:
1172:Revue historique de l'Ouest
714:Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
508:Louis de Bourbon-Roussillon
10:
1516:
1454:Cangelaris, Panayotis D.:
1249:Cartwright, Julia (1905).
753:
554:Georges II de La Trémoille
287:
239:Order of the Golden Fleece
98:Religious affiliation
18:
1324:Anderson, Duncan (1849).
884:. The Americana company.
199:
189:
179:
174:
164:
129:
115:
107:
97:
87:
79:
69:
54:
42:
30:
1224:Bradford, Sarah (1976).
817:
460:John II, Duke of Bourbon
455:Charles, Duke of Guyenne
267:Order of the Holy Spirit
184:Order of the Holy Spirit
1431:Van der Cruysse, Dirk:
1279:Cameron, Jamie (1998).
972:Duckers, Peter (2008).
624:Samson de Saint-Germain
584:Louis Bastet de Crussol
133:Abolished by decree of
1479:Order of Saint Michael
878:Encyclopedia Americana
768:Charles VIII of France
749:, in 1687 by Louis XIV
743:, in 1672 by Louis XIV
659:, in 1534 by Francis I
569:Gilbert de Chabannes,
430:
408:, although the exiled
375:Bibliothèque Nationale
364:Santiago de Compostela
312:
304:
276:in 1830 following the
223:
216:Order of Saint Michael
123:
31:Order of Saint Michael
1442:, Corfu 2011, p. 91.
1359:Hearn, Karen (1995).
1037:Adams, Henry (2010).
492:Jean d'Estouteville,
425:
352:immensi tremor oceani
346:) in combat with the
310:
300:in the 15th century.
295:
224:Ordre de Saint-Michel
124:Immensi tremor oceani
35:Ordre de Saint-Michel
1481:at Wikimedia Commons
1433:Louis XIV et le Siam
916:Le Mont-Saint Michel
811:Royal Arms of France
725:, 1566 by Charles IX
708:Edward VI of England
665:in 1545 by Francis I
644:in 1507 by Louis XII
528:Antoine de Chabannes
395:Château de Vincennes
194:Order of Saint Louis
1367:. Rizzoli. p.
1303:Beer, B.L. (1973):
1127:28 May 2012 at the
913:Gout, Paul (1910).
783:Louis XII of France
680:in 1548 by Henry II
657:James V of Scotland
519:Count of Roussillon
414:Bourbon Restoration
206:Ribbon of the Order
143:on 16 November 1816
1437:Cangelaris, P.D.:
1140:Archives de France
747:Constance Phaulkon
710:, 1551 by Henry II
604:Tanneguy du Châtel
545:Count of Comminges
532:Count of Dammartin
433:Notable recipients
313:
305:
235:Louis XI of France
233:, founded by King
169:Louis XI of France
49:Badge of the Order
1477:Media related to
1451:978-960-85532-2-4
1075:978-3-515-06233-6
1048:978-1-61104-147-7
1008:978-0-86565-193-7
983:978-0-7478-0670-7
944:978-2-908003-35-2
855:978-0-85115-417-6
732:Michiel de Ruyter
549:Marshal of France
523:Admiral of France
503:lord of Châtillon
483:Count of Sancerre
474:Marshal of France
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379:Mont Saint-Michel
344:Mont Saint-Michel
340:Archangel Michael
278:French Revolution
231:order of chivalry
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155:order of chivalry
139:Reestablished by
102:Roman Catholicism
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1345:Alt URL
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