Louis XVIII - Knowledge

919: 769: 2250: 2013: 711: 624: 12302: 385: 38: 12237: 12169: 2270: 7551: 2341: 5789: 1434:. In July, Louis XVIII and his nephew departed for Sweden for a Bourbon family conference, where Louis XVIII, the Count of Artois, and the Duke of Angoulême issued a statement condemning Napoleon's move. When the King of Prussia decreed that Louis XVIII would have to leave Prussian territory, and hence Warsaw, Tsar Alexander I invited Louis XVIII to resume residence in Jelgava, which he did. However, having to live under less generous conditions than those enjoyed under Paul I, Louis XVIII decided to embark for England as soon as possible. 7673: 7664: 12043: 2208: 1567: 11701: 1849: 1831: 2159: 1445:. Accordingly, in 1805 he reformulated his public policies with a view to reclaiming his throne, issuing a declaration that was far more liberal than his earlier pronouncements. This repudiated his Declaration of Verona, promised to abolish conscription, retain the Napoleonic administrative and judicial system, reduce taxes, eliminate political prisons, and guarantee amnesty to everyone who did not oppose a Bourbon Restoration. The opinions expressed in the declaration were largely those of 13440: 2362: 780: 7319: 1481: 1747: 2448: 2427: 2401: 1625: 2463: 3064: 2229: 1669: 12267: 1893:

property, although they eventually received repayment in the form of bonds. The Catholic Church was favoured. The electorate was limited to the richest men in France, most of whom had supported Napoleon. In foreign policy he removed Talleyrand, and continued most of Napoleon's policies in peaceful fashion. He kept to the policy of minimizing Austria's role but reversed Napoleon's friendly overtures to Spain and the Ottomans.

12212: 13428: 2305: 1257: 911:. This provided the Count of Provence, who abhorred the radical reforms proposed by Calonne, his long-awaiting opportunity to establish himself in politics. The reforms proposed a new property tax, and new elected provincial assemblies which would have a say in local taxation. Calonne's proposition was rejected outright by the notables, and, as a result, Louis XVI dismissed him. The Archbishop of Toulouse, 892:, Countess of Balbi, entered the service of Marie Joséphine. Louis Stanislas soon fell in love with his wife's new lady-in-waiting and installed her as his mistress, which resulted in the couple's already limited affection for each other cooling entirely. Louis Stanislas commissioned a pavilion for his mistress on a parcel of land at Versailles which became known as the 13416: 760:, who had not yet consummated their marriage. The Dauphin and Louis Stanislas did not enjoy a harmonious relationship and often quarrelled, as did their wives. Louis Stanislas did impregnate his wife in 1774, having conquered his aversion. However, the pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. A second pregnancy in 1781 also miscarried, and the marriage remained childless. 2009:, was assassinated at the Paris Opera on 14 February 1820. The royal family was grief-stricken and Louis broke an ancient tradition by attending his nephew's funeral, whereas previous kings of France could not have any association with death. The death of the Duke of Berry meant that the House of Orleans was more likely to succeed to the throne. 1889:

ordered the delegation to espouse King Louis' cause. The King entered Paris on 8 July to a boisterous reception: the Tuileries Palace gardens were thronged with bystanders, and, according to the Duke of Wellington, the acclamation of the crowds there were so loud during that evening that he could not converse with the King.

988:, which was quite unfavourable to the nobles and magistrates. The clergy also joined the provincial cause, and condemned Brienne's tax reforms. Brienne conceded defeat in July and agreed to a convocation of the Estates-General to meet in 1789. He resigned from his post in August and was replaced by the Swiss magnate 1347:. The Queen refused to leave her friend behind, creating an unpleasant situation that rivalled the wedding in notoriety. Louis XVIII knew that his nephew Louis-Antoine was not compatible with Marie-Thérèse. Despite this, he still pressed for the marriage, which proved to be quite unhappy and produced no children. 752:) or his unwillingness to sleep with his wife due to her poor personal hygiene. She never brushed her teeth, plucked her eyebrows, or used any perfumes. At the time of his marriage, Louis Stanislas was obese and waddled instead of walked. He never exercised and continued to eat enormous amounts of food. 1892:

Although the Ultra faction of returning exiles wanted revenge and were eager to punish the usurpers and restore the old regime, the new king rejected that advice. He instead called for continuity and reconciliation, and a search for peace and prosperity. The exiles were not given back their lands and

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stating that those who served the Emperor in the Hundred Days would not be persecuted, except for the "instigators". It was also acknowledged that Louis's government might have made mistakes during the First Restoration. King Louis was worried that the counter-revolutionary element sought revenge. He

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An Essay on the Use of Chlorurets of Oxide of Sodium and of Lime, as Powerful Disinfecting Agents, and of the Chloruret of Oxide of Sodium, More Especially as a Remedy of Considerable Efficacy, in the Treatment of Hospital Gangrene; Phagedenic, Syphilitic, and Ill Conditioned Ulcers; Mortification;

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A luxurious ball followed the wedding on 20 May. Louis Stanislas found his wife repulsive; she was considered ugly, tedious, and ignorant of the customs of the court of Versailles. The marriage remained unconsummated for years. Biographers disagree about the reason. The most common theories propose

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On 29 June, a deputation of five from among the members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers approached Wellington about putting a foreign prince on the throne of France. Wellington rejected their pleas outright, declaring that " the best way to preserve the integrity of France" and

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called Louis XVIII to the throne on the condition that he would accept a constitution that entailed recognition of the Republic and the Empire, a bicameral parliament elected every year, and the tri-colour flag of the aforementioned regimes. Louis XVIII opposed the senate's constitution and stated

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Louis XVIII encouraged his niece to write her memoirs, as he wished them to be used as Bourbon propaganda. In 1796 and 1803, Louis also used the diaries of Louis XVI's final attendants in the same way. In January 1801, Tsar Paul told Louis XVIII that he could no longer live in Russia. The court at

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Despite the fact that Louis Stanislas was not infatuated with his wife, he boasted that the two enjoyed vigorous conjugal relations – but such declarations were held in low esteem by courtiers at Versailles. He also proclaimed his wife to be pregnant merely to spite Louis Auguste and his wife

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In April 1771, when he was 15, Louis Stanislas's education was formally concluded, and his own independent household was established, which astounded contemporaries with its extravagance: in 1773, the number of his servants reached 390 In the same month his household was founded, Louis was granted

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Louis Stanislas was an intelligent boy, excelling in the classics. His education was of the same quality and consistency as that of his older brother, Louis Auguste, despite the fact that Louis Auguste was heir and Louis Stanislas was not. Louis Stanislas's education was quite religious in nature;

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The King was reluctant to shed blood, and this greatly irritated the ultra-reactionary Chamber of Deputies, who felt that Louis was not executing enough. The government issued a proclamation of amnesty to the "traitors" in January 1816, but such trials as had already begun took their course. That

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The King's role in politics was voluntarily diminished; he assigned most of his duties to his council. During the summer of 1815, he and his ministry embarked on a series of reforms. The Royal Council, an informal group of ministers that advised Louis, was dissolved and replaced by a tighter knit

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were determined not to let the exchequer fall into deficit (there was a 75 million franc debt inherited from Napoleon I), and took fiscal measures to ensure this. Louis XVIII assured the French that the unpopular taxes on tobacco, wine and salt would be abolished when he was restored, but he

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that formally ended Napoleon's Hundred Days. The previous treaty had been quite favourable to France, but this one took a hard line. France's borders were now less extensive, being drawn back to their 1790 extent. France had to pay for an army to occupy her, for at least five years, at a cost of

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The Count of Artois ruled as Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom until his brother's arrival in Paris on 3 May. Upon his return, the King displayed himself to his subjects by staging a procession through the city. He took up residence in the Tuileries Palace the same day. His niece, the Duchess of

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and he sent some money to Louis, whose court-in-exile was not only being spied on by Napoleonic agents but was also being forced to make significant economies, financed as it was mainly from interest owed by the Emperor Francis II on valuables his aunt, Marie Antoinette, had removed from France.

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Itinéraire historique, géographique, topographique, statistique, pittoresque et bibliographique de la vallée de Montmorency, a partir de la porte Saint-Denis a Pontoise inclusivement: Contenant la description complète de la ville de St.-Denis ... : suivie de la biographie des rois, reines,

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Louis returned to France promptly after Napoleon's defeat to ensure his second restoration "in the baggage train of the enemy", i.e. with Wellington's troops. The Duke of Wellington used King Louis' person to open up the route to Paris, as some fortresses refused to surrender to the Allies, but

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Louis Stanislas lived a quiet and sedentary lifestyle at this point, not having a great deal to do since his self-proclaimed political exclusion in 1774. He kept himself occupied with his vast library of over 11,000 books at Balbi's pavilion, reading for several hours each morning. In the early

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In 1818, the Chambers passed a military law that increased the size of the army by over 100,000. In October of the same year, Louis's foreign minister, the Duke of Richelieu, succeeded in convincing the Allied Powers to withdraw their armies early in exchange for a sum of over 200 million

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to depose Murat in February 1815, when it was learned that Murat corresponded with Napoleon, which was explicitly forbidden by a recent treaty. In fact, Murat never did actually write to Napoleon, but Louis, intent on restoring the Neapolitan Bourbons at any cost, had taken care to have such a

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per year in tax, and be over the age of forty. The King would appoint peers to the Chamber of Peers on a hereditary basis, or for life at his discretion. Deputies would be elected every five years, with one fifth of them up for election each year. There were 90,000 citizens eligible to vote.

1106:. In March 1791, the National Assembly created a law outlining the regency of Louis Charles in case his father died while he was still too young to reign. This law awarded the regency to Louis Charles' nearest male relative in France (at that time the Count of Provence), and after him, the 2081:. As a historical footnote, the young science of disinfection had advanced in the early 1820s to the point where it was recognized that chlorides of lime could be used to both eliminate smells and slow decomposition. The body of Louis XVIII was washed with chlorides by a French scientist, 1003:). The notables rejected the "dual representation" proposal. Louis Stanislas was the only notable to vote to increase the size of the Third Estate. Necker disregarded the notables' judgment, and convinced Louis XVI to grant the extra representation. The king duly obliged on 27 December. 1532:

In 1813, Louis XVIII issued another declaration from Hartwell. The Declaration of Hartwell was even more liberal than his Declaration of 1805, asserting that those who had served Napoleon or the Republic would not suffer repercussions for their acts, and that the original owners of the

803:. Louis Stanislas longed for political influence. He attempted to gain admittance to the King's council in 1774, but failed. Louis Stanislas was left in a political limbo that he called "a gap of 12 years in my political life". Louis XVI granted Louis Stanislas revenues from the 1616:, confiscated during the Revolution, would be compensated. The constitution had 76 articles. Taxation was to be voted on by the chambers. Catholicism was to be the official religion of France. To be eligible for membership in the Chamber of Deputies, one had to pay over 1,000 1885:

promised to grant a constitution that would guarantee the public debt, freedom of the press and of religion, and equality before the law. It would guarantee the full property rights of those who had purchased national lands during the revolution. He kept his promises.

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proclaimed that their objective was to invade France. Louis XVI was greatly annoyed by his brothers' behaviour. Provence sent emissaries to various European courts asking for financial aid, soldiers, and munition. Artois secured a castle for the court in exile in the

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Louis XVIII's underestimation of Bonaparte proved disastrous. On 19 March, the army stationed outside Paris defected to Bonaparte, leaving the city vulnerable to attack. That same day, Louis XVIII quit the capital with a small escort at midnight, first travelling to

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that he was "disbanding the current senate in all the crimes of Bonaparte, and appealing to the French people". The senatorial constitution was burned in a theatre in royalist Bordeaux, and the Municipal Council of Lyon voted for a speech that defamed the senate.

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on 1 March. Louis XVIII was not particularly worried by Bonaparte's excursion, as such small numbers of troops could be easily overcome. There was, however, a major underlying problem for the Bourbons: Louis XVIII had failed to purge the military of its

1310:(now Latvia). The Tsar also guaranteed Louis' safety and bestowed on him a generous pension, though later discontinued payment. Marie-Thérèse finally joined Louis XVIII at Jelgava in 1799. In the winter of 1798–1799, Louis XVIII wrote a biography of 1226:. Thus on 16 June, the princes-in-exile declared the Count of Provence "King Louis XVIII". The new king accepted their declaration soon after and busied himself drafting a manifesto in response to Louis XVII's death. The manifesto, known as the " 1187:

in August 1791, which urged Europe to intervene in France if Louis XVI or his family were threatened. Provence's endorsement of the declaration was not well received in France, either by the ordinary citizens or by Louis XVI himself.

2005:, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, and took every opportunity to snub him, denying him the title of "Royal Highness", partly out of resentment for the Duke's father's role in voting for Louis XVI's execution. Louis XVIII's nephew, 2036:

to accede to the throne. On 12 June 1820, the Chambers ratified legislation that increased the number of deputies from 258 to 430. The extra deputies were to be elected by the wealthiest quarter of the population in each

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Count of Artois. Louis always dreaded the day he would die, believing that his brother, and heir, Artois, would abandon the centrist government for an ultra-royalist autocracy, which would not bring favourable results.

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and died a few days later on 10 May, aged 64. Louis Stanislas' elder brother, the Dauphin Louis Auguste, succeeded their grandfather as King Louis XVI. As eldest brother of the King, Louis Stanislas received the title

657:, as he was her favourite among his siblings. Louis Stanislas was taken away from his governess when he turned seven, the age at which the education of boys of royal blood and of the nobility was turned over to men. 1230:", was Louis XVIII's attempt to introduce the French people to his politics. The Declaration of Verona beckoned France back into the arms of the monarchy, "which for fourteen centuries was the glory of France". 1358:

Jelgava was so low on funds that it had to auction some of its possessions to afford the journey out of Russia. Marie-Thérèse even sold a diamond necklace that the Emperor Paul had given her as a wedding gift.

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were convened in May 1789 to ratify financial reforms. The Count of Provence favoured a stalwart position against the Third Estate and its demands for tax reform. On 17 June, the Third Estate declared itself a

13389: 1944:, which saw the purge of all important Napoleonic officials from government, along with the execution or assassination of others. Popular vengeance led to barbarous acts against some of these officials. 1395:, a contemporary living there at the time, the Prussian local authorities, wishing to honour the arrivals, had music played, but trying to give this a national and patriotic character, unwittingly chose 1952:. Louis publicly deplored such illegal acts, but vehemently supported the prosecution of those marshals of the army who had helped Napoleon in the Hundred Days. Louis's government executed Napoleon's 918: 658: 10703: 2077:, both dry and wet, in his legs and spine. Louis died on 16 September 1824 surrounded by the extended royal family and some government officials. He was succeeded by his youngest brother, the 1237:, the son of the Count of Artois. Louis XVIII deceived his niece by telling her that her parents' last wishes were for her to marry Louis-Antoine, and she duly agreed to Louis XVIII's wishes. 12366: 1320:. Moreover, being surrounded at Jelgava with many old courtiers, he attempted to recreate the court life of Versailles, re-establishing various of the former court ceremonies, including the 915:, acquired Calonne's ministry. Brienne attempted to salvage Calonne's reforms, but ultimately failed to convince the notables to approve them. A frustrated Louis XVI dissolved the assembly. 869:

excluded women from acceding to the throne of France. However, Louis Stanislas did not remain heir to the throne much longer. On 22 October 1781, Marie Antoinette gave birth to the Dauphin

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Louis XVIII admitted the Count of Artois and his nephews the Dukes of Angoulême and of Berry to the Royal Council in May 1814, upon its establishment. The council was informally headed by

2028:(God-given) by the Bourbons because he was thought to have secured the future of the dynasty. However the Bourbon succession was still in doubt. The Chamber of Deputies proposed amending 1916:

In August, elections for the Chamber of Deputies returned unfavourable results for Talleyrand. The ministry hoped for moderate deputies, but the electorate voted almost exclusively for

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Louis XVIII was forced once again to leave Jelgava when Tsar Alexander informed him that his safety could not be guaranteed in continental Europe. In July 1807, Louis boarded a Swedish

1913:, i.e. Prime Minister of France. On 14 July, the ministry dissolved the units of the army deemed "rebellious". Hereditary peerage was re-established by the ministry at Louis' behest. 12065: 1927:

The Duchess of Angoulême and the Count of Artois pressured King Louis for the dismissal of his obsolete ministry. Talleyrand tendered his resignation on 20 September. Louis chose the

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Louis XVIII succeeded in getting the Neapolitan Bourbons restored immediately. Parma, however, was bestowed upon Empress Marie-Louise for life, and the Parma Bourbons were given the

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failed to do so, which led to rioting in Bordeaux. Expenditure on the army was slashed in the 1815 budget – in 1814, the military had accounted for 55% of government spending.

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several titles by his grandfather, Louis XV: Duke of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Perche, and Count of Senoches. During this period of his life he was often known by the title

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recommended that the Estates should be the same as they were at the last assembly, in 1614 (this would mean that the clergy and nobility would have more representation than the

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drilled into young Louis Stanislas and his brothers the way he thought princes should "know how to withdraw themselves, to like to work," and "to know how to reason correctly".

162: 1354:), urging him to restore the Bourbons to their throne, but the future emperor was impervious to this idea and continued to consolidate his own position as ruler of France. 907:(the members consisted of magistrates, mayors, nobles and clergy) was convened in February 1787 to ratify the financial reforms sought by the Controller-General of Finance 1529:, initiating a war which would prove to be the turning point in his fortunes. The expedition failed miserably, and Napoleon was forced to retreat with an army in tatters. 1510:

The Count of Artois did not join the court-in-exile in Hartwell, preferring to continue his frivolous life in London. Louis's friend the Count of Avaray left Hartwell for

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In 1803, Napoleon tried to force Louis XVIII to renounce his right to the throne of France, but Louis refused. In May the following year, 1804, Napoleon declared himself

1701:(set up to redraw the map of Europe after Napoleon's demise). Talleyrand represented France at the proceedings. Louis was horrified by Prussia's intention to annex the 2041:. These individuals now effectively had two votes. Around the same time as the "law of the two votes", Louis began to receive visits every Wednesday from a lady named 1968:

from owning property in, or entering, France. It is estimated that between 50,000 – 80,000 officials were purged from the government during what was known as the

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On 9 June 1799, Marie-Thérèse married her cousin Louis-Antoine at the Jelgava Palace. Desperate to display to the world a united family, Louis XVIII ordered his wife

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On 5 May 1778, Dr. Lassonne, Marie Antoinette's private physician, confirmed her pregnancy. On 19 December 1778, the Queen gave birth to a daughter, who was named

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that would give France a Constitution. On 11 July, Louis XVI dismissed Necker, which led to widespread rioting across Paris. On 12 July, the sabre charge of the

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to be his new Prime Minister. Richelieu was chosen because he was acceptable to Louis' family and to the reactionary Chamber of Deputies. Louis dissolved the

1146:. The document gave him the regency in the event of his brother's death or inability to perform his role as king. He would join the other princes-in-exile at 7902: 12306: 7688: 13096: 8272: 1857: 1705:, to which he was attached because his mother was born a Saxon princess, and he was also concerned that Prussia would dominate Germany. He also wished the 958:(the nominal parliament of France). Louis XVI and Brienne took a hostile stance against this rejection, and Louis XVI had to implement a "bed of justice" ( 5406: 1365:

to give her family refuge on Prussian territory. Though Louise consented, the Bourbons were forced to assume pseudonyms. With Louis XVIII using the title

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in Buckinghamshire, where over one hundred courtiers were housed. The King paid £500 in rent each year to the owner of the estate, Sir George Lee. The

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troops. This led to mass desertions from the Bourbon armies to Bonaparte's. Furthermore, Louis XVIII could not join the campaign against Napoleon in

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in 1814, Louis XVIII was placed in what he, and the French royalists, considered his rightful position. However, Napoleon escaped from his exile in

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Louis XVIII had been vying for the custody of his niece Marie-Thérèse since her release from the Temple Tower in December 1795. He succeeded when

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as his principal political advisor. Queen Marie Joséphine died on 13 November 1810. That same winter, Louis had a particularly severe attack of

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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

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and at times spelt as Comte de Lille. After an arduous journey from Jelgava, he and his family took up residence in the years 1801–1804 at the

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after his departure from Verona. He lived in a modest two-bedroom apartment over a shop. Louis XVIII was forced to leave Blankenburg when King

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aimed at reaching a compromise with the new assembly. Louis XVI was characteristically indecisive. On 9 July, the assembly declared itself a

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It was very soon after their arrival that Louis and Marie-Thérèse learned of the death of Tsar Paul I. Louis hoped that Paul's successor,

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Frederking, Bettina (2008). "'Il ne faut pas être le roi de deux peuples': Strategies of National Reconciliation in Restoration France".

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Louis XVIII negotiated the release of Marie-Thérèse from her Paris prison in 1795. He desperately wanted her to marry her first cousin,

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In November 1788, a second Assembly of Notables was convened by Jacques Necker, to consider the makeup of the next Estates-General. The

13502: 13076: 12433: 11772: 2627: 2410: 1713:, as was being suggested by the Allies. Louis also protested at the Allies' inaction in Naples, where he wanted the Napoleonic usurper 1544:

Allied troops entered Paris on 31 March 1814. Louis, unable to walk, had sent the Count of Artois to France in January 1814 and issued

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in reaction to their arrest. This unrest was engineered by local magistrates and nobles, who enticed the people to revolt against the

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Berry was the only member of the family thought to be able to beget children. His wife gave birth to a posthumous son in September,

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At the time of his birth, Louis Stanislas was fourth in line to the throne of France, behind his father and his two elder brothers:

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Mansel, Philip (2011). "From Exile to the Throne: The Europeanization of Louis XVIII". In Mansel, Philip; Riotte, Torsten (eds.).

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appointing Artois Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom in the event of his being restored as king. On 11 April, five days after the

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Louis XVIII on a balcony of the Tuileries Palace receiving the Duke of Angoulême after his successful military campaign in Spain

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in France before the Revolution. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the

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Angoulême, fainted at the sight of the Tuileries, where she had been imprisoned during the time of the French Revolution.

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However, Napoleon did not rule France again for very long, suffering a decisive defeat at the hands of the armies of the

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Louis XVIII was the last French monarch, and the only one after 1774, to die while still ruling. He was interred at the

1865: 1234: 865:. That the baby was a girl came as a relief to the Count of Provence, who kept his position as heir to Louis XVI, since 13384: 13374: 12138: 11444: 11094: 10030: 8631: 8049: 6791: 5108:

Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

4926:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578-1830)]. 2843: 1107: 1095: 12763: 11974: 11949: 7868: 7768: 6748: 1065:, left France with his wife and children, along with many other courtiers. Artois and his family took up residence in 13497: 12758: 12099: 12060: 11606: 11237: 10267: 10218: 9949: 9944: 9929: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9769: 9744: 9372: 8201: 6781: 5251: 5230: 4924:"Liste chronologique des chevaliers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit depuis son origine jusqu'à son extinction (1578-1830)" 3412: 2217: 1796: 1414:, would repudiate his father's banishment of the Bourbons, which he later did. Louis then intended to set off to the 741: 612:

was bestowed because it was typical of a prince of France; Stanislas was chosen to honour his great-grandfather King

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withdrew immediately from French soil. These generous terms would be reversed in the next Treaty of Paris after the

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It did not take Louis XVIII long to go back on one of his many promises. He and his Comptroller-General of Finance

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The Count of Provence decided to remain at Versailles. When the Royal Family plotted to abscond from Versailles to

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In his official acts as king, Louis XVIII dated the years of his reign from 1795, when his nephew Louis XVII died.

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of Paris refused to accept Brienne's proposals and declared that any new taxation would have to be approved by an

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Louis chose many centrist cabinets, as he wanted to appease the populace, much to the dismay of his brother, the

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were traitors to France. Their property and titles were confiscated. The monarchy of France was abolished by the

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declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon again, and again restored Louis XVIII to the French throne.

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put a definite end to Napoleon Bonaparte's attempt to return to France and thus secured the Bourbon restoration.

1418:. The Count of Artois asked Louis to send his son, Louis-Antoine, and daughter-in-law, Marie-Thérèse, to him in 1029:

The Count of Provence urged the King to act strongly against the declaration, while the King's popular minister

854:. The four provincial tours that Louis Stanislas took before the year 1791 amounted to a total of three months. 13364: 12966: 12743: 11436: 10574: 10426: 10075: 9759: 9704: 9699: 9055: 8933: 8576: 8454: 8277: 7798: 7774: 7416: 6826: 6816: 6753: 6080: 4489:

Rooney, Jr., John W.; Reinerman, Alan J. (1986). "Continuity: French Foreign Policy of The First Restoration".

3014: 2963: 1710: 1268: 1110:, thus bypassing the Count of Artois. If Orleans were unavailable, the regency would be submitted to election. 733: 12371: 10141: 7358: 5808: 5583: 1596:

The Great Powers occupying Paris demanded that Louis XVIII implement a constitution. Louis responded with the

1541:(lands confiscated from the nobility and clergy during the Revolution) would be compensated for their losses. 1208:. This left his young son, Louis Charles, as the titular King. The princes-in-exile proclaimed Louis Charles " 804: 681: 13657: 13477: 13369: 11892: 11367: 11211: 11190: 11128: 11048: 10911: 10646: 10566: 10531: 10131: 10101: 8762: 8054: 7942: 7780: 7406: 7144: 6743: 2327: 2163: 1803:. Other leaders, most prominently Tsar Alexander I, debated whether in the case of a second victory over the 1652: 1561: 878: 488: 59: 11802: 11792: 10479: 9709: 9442: 9341: 9009: 5125: 673: 13081: 12768: 12665: 12156: 12133: 12078: 11964: 11907: 10794: 10726: 10121: 9859: 9034: 8782: 8697: 8409: 8121: 7258: 5369:

Sauvigny, G. de Bertier de (Spring 1981). "The Bourbon Restoration: One Century of French Historiography".

2905: 2601: 2126: 2120: 2111: 2033: 1605: 1219: 1160: 908: 13602: 13527: 12073: 10876: 7535: 7465: 6776: 4975: 1822:

on 18 June. The Allies came to the consensus that Louis XVIII should be restored to the throne of France.

1612:. The press would enjoy a degree of freedom, and there would be a provision that the former owners of the 1142:

of France. He exploited a document that he and Louis XVI had written before the latter's failed escape to

538:. Louis XVIII was the last king or emperor of France to die a reigning monarch: his successor, Charles X ( 37: 13577: 13532: 13183: 12808: 12703: 12582: 12562: 12473: 12402: 12224: 11722: 11489: 11182: 11035: 10523: 9160: 8862: 8596: 8550: 8545: 8318: 8262: 7977: 7517: 6702: 6047: 5813: 1423: 847: 13006: 12858: 11872: 11767: 11005: 8474: 7894: 7502: 1343:, to attend the wedding. Furthermore, she was to come without her long-time friend (and rumoured lover) 818:

Louis Stanislas travelled about France more than other members of the Royal Family, who rarely left the

725: 714: 311: 13507: 13406: 13318: 12873: 11852: 11076: 11025: 10957: 10857: 10641: 10550: 10337: 10176: 10106: 9917: 9799: 9533: 8938: 8822: 8525: 8257: 8079: 8005: 7991: 7970: 7729: 7225: 6725: 5706: 2663: 2349: 2082: 1945: 1641: 900:

1780s, he also incurred huge debts totalling 10 million livres, which his brother Louis XVI paid.

469: 12853: 12615: 11747: 9839: 9664: 9231: 7878: 7353: 5778: 1291:

died. In light of this, Marie-Thérèse decided to wait a while longer before reuniting with her uncle.

632: 13652: 13597: 13333: 12918: 12650: 12493: 12348: 12151: 11714: 11590: 11513: 11391: 11375: 10000: 9669: 9462: 9241: 9185: 9135: 9014: 8767: 8747: 8591: 8540: 8515: 8444: 8424: 8343: 8244: 7998: 7810: 7445: 7274: 5951: 5371: 1609: 1526: 373: 13228: 12773: 12605: 12381: 11762: 9256: 8887: 8867: 8677: 8363: 8099: 7888: 7525: 2045:, and ordered that nobody should disturb him while he was with her. It was rumoured that he inhaled 1098:, 5 October 1789. They were taken to Paris. There, the Count of Provence and his wife lodged in the 13522: 13041: 12888: 12843: 12173: 12168: 11912: 11742: 11732: 11545: 11529: 11407: 11322: 11169: 11153: 11056: 10830: 10394: 9995: 9779: 9619: 9437: 9236: 9180: 9175: 9110: 9039: 8907: 8807: 8646: 8586: 8434: 7935: 7710: 7233: 6969: 6626: 6013: 2931: 2503: 2281: 2258: 2170: 2021: 1344: 1055: 1000: 955: 605: 461: 12468: 9694: 9367: 8702: 5773: 5241: 3206: 3042:

Suffrage for the Chamber of Deputies was granted to adult males who paid 300 francs a year in tax.

1574: 1571:

Allegory of the Return of the Bourbons on 24 April 1814: Louis XVIII Lifting France from Its Ruins

13517: 12893: 12848: 12557: 12438: 12115: 11937: 11561: 11468: 11136: 10952: 10895: 10810: 10515: 10354: 10045: 9714: 9568: 9140: 9060: 8948: 8817: 8802: 8737: 8732: 8505: 8439: 8333: 8216: 7618: 7401: 7251: 7229: 6095: 5930: 5860: 5546: 5089: 5021: 2543: 1940:

Anti-Napoleonic sentiment was high in Southern France, and this was prominently displayed in the

1881: 1437:

As time went on, Louis XVIII realised that France would never accept an attempt to return to the

1362: 1222:, who was not considered a candidate for the throne because of France's traditional adherence to 1184: 1018: 492: 298: 12898: 12793: 11847: 10020: 9306: 9271: 8358: 1491:

In 1808, Louis brought his wife and queen, Marie Joséphine, to join him in England. His stay at

412:

in 1815. Before his reign, he spent 23 years in exile from France beginning in 1791, during the

12683: 12516: 12120: 11812: 11797: 11670: 11537: 11415: 11161: 11081: 10750: 10625: 10617: 10507: 10080: 10040: 10025: 10005: 9980: 9834: 9578: 9493: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9427: 9417: 9321: 9276: 9261: 8792: 8510: 8414: 8389: 8348: 8298: 8282: 7348: 7120: 6940: 6859: 6796: 6462: 6090: 4923: 2811: 2345: 2291: 2198: 2180: 2058: 1976: 1633: 1205: 889: 613: 442: 11627: 9985: 8672: 7111: 6955: 2721: 1350:

In 1800, Louis XVIII attempted to strike up a correspondence with Napoleon Bonaparte (by then

13223: 12537: 12488: 12423: 11954: 11837: 11827: 11705: 11700: 11598: 11553: 11306: 11253: 11071: 11061: 11000: 10990: 10985: 10742: 10598: 10246: 9784: 9684: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9488: 9377: 9301: 9291: 9125: 9065: 8994: 8827: 8777: 8712: 8707: 8384: 8211: 8094: 7622: 7587: 6976: 6935: 6930: 6854: 6836: 6806: 6786: 6452: 5568: 5101: 5041: 5037: 2785: 2238: 2061:. France succeeded in crushing the rebellion, in a campaign headed by the Duke of Angoulême. 2038: 1835:

Old Bumblehead the 18th trying on the Napoleon Boots – or, Preparing for the Spanish Campaign

1431: 1411: 1400: 650: 171: 98: 11282: 8717: 8313: 7550: 5004: 4591:"La dissolution de la 'Chambre Introuvable' (5 septembre 1816): coup d'état de Louis XVIII?" 1589: 1549: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13162: 13036: 12798: 12620: 12542: 12391: 11999: 11989: 11782: 11497: 11314: 11261: 11066: 10849: 10065: 10015: 9629: 9518: 9508: 9483: 9382: 9316: 9130: 9120: 9100: 9080: 8989: 8969: 8847: 8641: 8566: 8368: 7860: 7747: 7198: 7005: 6945: 6907: 6831: 6771: 6487: 6482: 6447: 6413: 6388: 6378: 5829: 4564: 2383: 2192: 2143: 2102: 1725:

correspondence forged, and subsidised the Austrian expedition with 25 million francs.

1392: 1384: 1215: 1209: 1114: 904: 882: 729: 699: 579: 267: 12478: 11959: 11877: 11030: 10975: 9689: 8943: 8812: 8752: 8651: 8581: 2689: 807:

in December 1774. The duchy was given to enhance Louis Stanislas's prestige. However, the

196: 180: 8: 13238: 13168: 13016: 12946: 12803: 12783: 12748: 12723: 12655: 12356: 11882: 11266: 11145: 10903: 10815: 10590: 10582: 10558: 10317: 10070: 9849: 9844: 9573: 9523: 9407: 9392: 9296: 9190: 9090: 9004: 8892: 8852: 8772: 8742: 8722: 8656: 8621: 8571: 8535: 8530: 8490: 8353: 8338: 8323: 8308: 8267: 8044: 7758: 7698: 7343: 7308: 7203: 7164: 7154: 7101: 7042: 7023: 6887: 6821: 6613: 6516: 6492: 6472: 6442: 6432: 6393: 6373: 6368: 6348: 6279: 6274: 6230: 6106: 5966: 5600: 5524: 3658:, Dictionnaire universel des noms propres, Dictionnaires Le Robert, Paris, 1988, p. 1017. 2477: 2372: 2317: 2130: 2078: 2000: 1969: 1941: 1933: 1922: 1853: 1804: 1601: 1522:, which was a recurring problem for him at Hartwell, and he had to take to a wheelchair. 1404: 1198: 1156: 1143: 1062: 874: 773: 677: 643: 535: 518: 509: 438: 417: 110: 12923: 12878: 9311: 8606: 8601: 8449: 6637: 1218:, still a minor, died in prison in June 1795. His only surviving sibling was his sister 1151: 12698: 12463: 12428: 12279: 12241: 12236: 11984: 11902: 11897: 11643: 11635: 11330: 11290: 11102: 10995: 10759: 10734: 10678: 10661: 10499: 10116: 10111: 10055: 10010: 9939: 9809: 9654: 9644: 9639: 9558: 9498: 9346: 9266: 9226: 9210: 9200: 9170: 9155: 9145: 9105: 9075: 9029: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8757: 8692: 8464: 8429: 8404: 8206: 8156: 8106: 8084: 8064: 8059: 7512: 7507: 7298: 7159: 7149: 7071: 7066: 7047: 6982: 6912: 6902: 6864: 6846: 6729: 6663: 6573: 6536: 6503: 6477: 6408: 6383: 6363: 6358: 6314: 6304: 6299: 5740: 5388: 5323: 5136: 4618: 3986: 3099: 2569: 2274: 2069:

Louis XVIII's health began to fail in the spring of 1824. He was experiencing obesity,

1965: 1960:, and the Duke de La Chatre advised him to inflict firm punishments on the "traitors". 1819: 1776: 1751: 1698: 1340: 1284: 1280: 1245: 1118: 934: 823: 591: 527: 457: 20: 13046: 12863: 12625: 12498: 12055: 12009: 10346: 8902: 8832: 8797: 8787: 6922: 6763: 1376: 449:

died in prison in June 1795, the Count of Provence claimed the throne as Louis XVIII.

13275: 13208: 13198: 13178: 12284: 11582: 11521: 11505: 11298: 10378: 10232: 10199: 9467: 9432: 9402: 9362: 9336: 9326: 9281: 9251: 9205: 9150: 9070: 9019: 8999: 8984: 8974: 8953: 8897: 8857: 8682: 8616: 8611: 8469: 8399: 8252: 8171: 8166: 7630: 7368: 7293: 7183: 7135: 7125: 6963: 6892: 6869: 6437: 6398: 6353: 6324: 6319: 6309: 5865: 5788: 5285: 5266: 5247: 5226: 5204: 5164: 4967: 4622: 4610: 3408: 2106: 1838: 1784: 1721: 1702: 1415: 1176: 1099: 1012: 977: 968:

of Paris, to ratify the desired reforms. On 8 May, two of the leading members of the

815:

a year, an amount much lower than it had been at its peak in the fourteenth century.

496: 481: 424: 413: 12833: 12532: 10822: 10722: 10669: 8923: 6811: 1636:

on 30 May 1814. The treaty gave France her 1792 borders, which extended east of the

13420: 13343: 13203: 12996: 12991: 12981: 12713: 12640: 12577: 12547: 12319: 12289: 12184: 11887: 11737: 11662: 11399: 11383: 11338: 11274: 11245: 11040: 10919: 10802: 10767: 10309: 10260: 10253: 9990: 9874: 9674: 9513: 9412: 9397: 9246: 9195: 9115: 9024: 8979: 8928: 8842: 8727: 8636: 8626: 8520: 8459: 8221: 7843: 7288: 7188: 7174: 7057: 6897: 6646: 6599: 6527: 6403: 6269: 6028: 5902: 5729: 5428: 5420: 5380: 5315: 5187: 4602: 2186: 1780: 1351: 1311: 1299: 1295: 1103: 1051: 757: 546: 343: 284: 13122: 10225: 9764: 7303: 5218: 4998: 4606: 3668: 1948:(a Napoleonic marshal) was savagely assassinated, and his remains thrown into the 1440: 819: 500: 433: 13444: 13268: 13056: 12733: 12728: 12693: 12443: 12047: 12042: 11944: 11867: 11757: 11727: 11086: 10962: 10687: 10633: 10434: 9869: 9804: 9789: 9679: 9563: 9553: 9528: 9503: 9331: 9165: 8687: 8495: 8419: 8394: 8146: 8034: 7958: 7849: 7338: 7000: 6423: 6289: 6264: 6248: 5532: 4880: 2213: 2109:

played Comte Louis de Provence prior to his accession in the 2006 motion picture

2046: 1917: 1772: 1597: 1566: 1536: 1504: 1396: 505: 12913: 10136: 5020:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" 4590: 4175: 13338: 13280: 13086: 12908: 12688: 12408: 12271: 12266: 12216: 12211: 12031: 11219: 10453: 10148: 10060: 10050: 9583: 9422: 9286: 9085: 8837: 8181: 8161: 8151: 8111: 7984: 7388: 6879: 6334: 6195: 5752: 5746: 5671: 5628: 5590: 5514: 5477: 2310: 1992: 1848: 1729: 1706: 1545: 1461: 1303: 1260: 1164: 1094:

The Royal Family was forced to leave the palace at Versailles on the day after

1030: 989: 960: 862: 749: 721: 617: 596: 513: 465: 453: 405: 54: 8196: 5319: 5246:(paperback ed.). Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: Sutton Publishing. 4958:[The Evolution of the Band of the Three Military Orders (1789-1826)]. 1949: 1830: 396:(Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as 13456: 13432: 13352: 13323: 13193: 13011: 12788: 12630: 12526: 12418: 11979: 11922: 9624: 8328: 8186: 8116: 7208: 6992: 6294: 6220: 6185: 6150: 5553: 5110:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 11. 4971: 4614: 3075: 3070: 2116: 1981: 1898: 1714: 1492: 1465: 1422:, but the King did not do so at that time. Artois had an allowance from King 1388: 1135: 737: 534:. Louis had no children, and upon his death the crown passed to his brother, 12818: 779: 13359: 13304: 13218: 13173: 13001: 12883: 12675: 11832: 11817: 11787: 8176: 8012: 7855: 7792: 7193: 6672: 6215: 6205: 6200: 6180: 6175: 6120: 5641: 5018:

Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

2138: 2098: 1741: 1645: 1271:, agreed to relinquish his custody of her in 1796. She had been staying in 942:

was responsible for ratifying the King's edicts; each province had its own

885:, in March 1785, Louis Stanislas slid further down the line of succession. 881:, the Queen's brother. When Marie Antoinette gave birth to her second son, 812: 578:, styled Count of Provence from birth, was born on 17 November 1755 in the 557: 523: 516:

faction. The following year, Louis dissolved the unpopular parliament (the

409: 13439: 7916: 1746: 1150:

soon after his escape. It was there that he, the Count of Artois, and the

627:

The Count of Provence and his brother Louis Auguste, Duke of Berry (later

13213: 13071: 12738: 12708: 11857: 11177: 10970: 9964: 9934: 9922: 9634: 7837: 7821: 7684: 7318: 7213: 6588: 6284: 6258: 6210: 6165: 6155: 6140: 6130: 5504: 4904: 2134: 1768: 926: 13311: 5191: 1807:, the Duke of Orleans should be proclaimed king instead of Louis XVIII. 1552:

had invited Louis to resume the throne of France, Napoleon I abdicated.

1480: 827: 508:, France's new constitution. His return in 1815 led to a second wave of 19:

This article is about the king of France. For the column in Calais, see

13117: 12956: 12572: 11927: 10402: 9649: 7646: 7076: 6562: 6541: 6343: 6253: 6235: 6160: 6145: 6125: 5987: 5768: 5657: 5489: 5459: 5327: 3088:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 47. 2452: 1953: 446: 242: 93: 12824: 6694: 5392: 2447: 2426: 2400: 1624: 12951: 12597: 12508: 12091: 11460: 7640: 7363: 7091: 7081: 6556: 6546: 6467: 6190: 6170: 6039: 5956: 5803: 5608: 5470: 2431: 2394:

The French line of succession upon the death of Louis XVIII in 1824.

2029: 1758:

On 26 February 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte escaped his island prison of

1668: 1457: 1419: 1372: 1223: 866: 628: 428: 10168: 5698: 2462: 1091:, Provence advised the King not to leave, a suggestion he accepted. 13299: 13294: 13233: 13112: 12986: 11752: 9614: 7831: 7457: 7373: 7329: 7086: 6582: 6551: 6457: 6239: 6115: 5897: 5384: 4910: 2074: 1640:. She had to pay no war indemnity, and the occupying armies of the 1307: 1276: 1191:

In January 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared that all of the

973: 808: 800: 795: 473: 10296: 7927: 3069:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1937:

on 5 September 1816, after a rise in anti-monarchical sentiments.

1263:, Louis XVIII's residence from 1798 to 1801, and from 1804 to 1807 981: 423:

Until his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of

7243: 6135: 2234: 1877: 1762:

and embarked for France. He arrived with about 1,000 troops near

1511: 1453: 1180: 1172: 1147: 732:. Marie Joséphine (as she was known in France) was a daughter of 698:

On 17 December 1773, he was inaugurated as a Grand Master of the

616:

who was still alive at the time; and Xavier was chosen for Saint

601: 338: 1514:

in 1809, and died there in 1811. Louis replaced Avaray with the

1464:, on the Eastern coast of England. He then took up residence in 1332:(ceremonies that accompanied waking and bedding, respectively). 7033: 7015: 1763: 1720:

On behalf of the Allies, Austria agreed to send a force to the

1709:

to be restored to the Parma branch of the Bourbons, and not to

1617: 1380: 1272: 1256: 1139: 620:, whom his mother's family held as one of their patron saints. 487:

Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. His

12367:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

7617: 5057:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro" 4497: 1775:, because he was having another case of gout. Minister of War 1487:, Louis XVIII's court-in-exile from 1808 until the Restoration 408:

from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the

12301: 3407:(in French). Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin. p. 15. 1800: 1792: 1637: 1066: 851: 4766: 4764: 2129:, the Count of Provence is portrayed by British-Irish actor 1697:. Louis XVIII took a large interest in the goings-on of the 748:

Louis Stanislas' alleged impotence (according to biographer

441:

abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later

4956:"A Evolução da Banda das Três Ordens Militares (1789-1826)" 2070: 1980:

150 million francs per year. France also had to pay a

1759: 1519: 1088: 839: 659:

Antoine de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, Duke of La Vauguyon

477: 12341: 5355:

France 1814-1919: the Rise of a Liberal Democratic Society

3275: 3273: 3131: 3129: 1407:

and Louis XVIII. They later apologised for their mistake.

740:(later King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia), and his wife 12181: 4860: 4761: 4491:

Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Proceedings

3739: 3457: 3445: 3348: 3114: 1975:

In November 1815, Louis's government had to sign another

5306:

Holroyd, Richard (1971). "The Bourbon Army, 1815-1830".

4083: 4059: 4047: 3999: 3931: 3787: 3326: 3324: 1783:(later King Louis Philippe I), the Count of Artois, and 1339:, who at the time was living apart from her husband in 772:

Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence, during the reign of

728:. The in-person ceremony was conducted on 14 May at the 480:

and restored his French Empire. Louis XVIII fled, and a

4928:

Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France

4713: 4398: 3921: 3919: 3894: 3892: 3867: 3865: 3852: 3850: 3336: 3270: 3248: 3246: 3233: 3231: 3146: 3144: 3126: 2085:, permitting his corpse to be "presented to the public 1905:. Artois, Berry and Angoulême were purged from the new 526:. His reign was further marked by the formation of the 13563:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

13558:

Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword

5146:

Fenby, Jonathan (October 2015). "Return of the King".

4776: 4689: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4545: 4533: 4521: 4509: 4470: 4458: 4446: 4422: 4350: 4182: 3811: 3601: 3188: 3186: 3161: 3159: 1876:

agreed to do so for their king. King Louis arrived at

938:

of Paris in the hopes that they would be approved. (A

794:

On 27 April 1774, Louis XV fell ill after contracting

13404: 4836: 4824: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4629: 4326: 4314: 4302: 4290: 4218: 4206: 4143: 4131: 4071: 3972: 3970: 3955: 3763: 3751: 3727: 3715: 3703: 3679: 3637: 3625: 3577: 3565: 3529: 3517: 3433: 3421: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 1604:, a legislature composed of a lower house styled the 1026:, an Assembly not of the Estates, but of the people. 668:, a friend of his father, was named as his governor. 13097:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

4749: 4737: 4725: 4701: 4641: 4488: 4434: 4410: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4338: 4194: 4155: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4035: 4023: 4011: 3943: 3916: 3904: 3889: 3877: 3862: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3799: 3775: 3613: 3589: 3553: 3541: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3469: 3384: 3372: 3360: 3243: 3228: 3216: 3141: 1956:

in December 1815 for treason. The King's confidants

1006: 13329:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

10419:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

4278: 4266: 4254: 4242: 4230: 3691: 3258: 3183: 3171: 3156: 2049:from her breasts, which earned her the nickname of 1279:relatives since January 1796. Louis XVIII moved to 1102:, while the rest of the Royal Family stayed in the 4848: 4178:. Imprimerie nationale – via gallica.bnf.fr. 3967: 964:), which automatically registered an edict in the 786:, Countess of Provence, Louis Stanislas' wife, by 1825: 13454: 12255:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 5305: 5061:Calendario manual y guía de forasteros en Madrid 2358: 1580: 649:Louis Stanislas found comfort in his governess, 13548:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal) 10127:England expects that every man will do his duty 5339:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 181–213. 5127:France Under the Bourbon Restoration, 1814-1830 5036:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 1964:same declaration also banned any member of the 1113:The Count of Provence and his wife fled to the 950:of Paris was the most significant of all.) The 452:Following the French Revolution and during the 10297:Significant civil and political events by year 4176:"Bulletin des lois de la République française" 3204: 1717:removed in favour of the Neapolitan Bourbons. 1600:, which included many progressive provisions: 1240:Louis XVIII was forced to abandon Verona when 1117:in conjunction with the royal family's failed 672:several of his teachers were priests, such as 604:. By this act, he also became a Knight of the 13608:French royalty and nobility with disabilities 10184: 7943: 7603: 7473: 7259: 6710: 6055: 5714: 1048:Charles-Eugène de Lorraine, Prince de Lambesc 972:of Paris were arrested. There was rioting in 932:Brienne's reforms were then submitted to the 13350: 13309: 13285: 13266: 12250:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 4990: 1909:, and Talleyrand was appointed as the first 1534: 1438: 1366: 1327: 1321: 1315: 1192: 10937: 4997:Berlien, Johann Heinrich Friedrich (1846). 4949: 4947: 4945: 3100:"Louis XVIII (1755–1824) Le "Roi-fauteuil"" 2057:, where a revolt had occurred against King 1317:Réflexions historiques sur Marie Antoinette 1159:(or "Treves"), where their maternal uncle, 1069:, the capital city of his father-in-law's ( 13628:Legitimist pretenders to the French throne 12454:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 10191: 10177: 7950: 7936: 7610: 7596: 7480: 7466: 7266: 7252: 6717: 6703: 6062: 6048: 5721: 5707: 5177: 5034:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817 4503: 3991:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3212:(in French). Paris: Bertrand. p. 218. 2053:(snuffbox). In 1823, France embarked on a 1984:of 700 million francs to the Allies. 1920:, resulting in what King Louis called the 1680:in English: "Louis XVIII, King of France" 1134:When the Count of Provence arrived in the 36: 12719:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 12377:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 12200:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 5738:The first generation are the children of 4565:"France - France, 1815–1940 | Britannica" 3976: 1711:the former Empress Marie-Louise of France 923:Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence 763: 256:Louis Stanislas Xavier, Count of Provence 13638:French expatriates in the Russian Empire 13613:Recipients of the Order of Saint Lazarus 13151: 10435:Nationalization of the Church properties 7676:Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte 5368: 4953: 4942: 4589:CORCIULO, MARIA SOFIA (1 January 2000). 4588: 3402: 3074: 2011: 1847: 1829: 1795:, and then crossing the border into the 1745: 1623: 1565: 1479: 1255: 917: 778: 767: 709: 622: 13380:Historiography of the French Revolution 12651:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 12362:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 6724: 5998:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 5993:Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 5840:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois 5198: 4996: 4886:. London: Burgess and Hill. p. 152 4595:Parliaments, Estates and Representation 4174:texte, France Auteur du (1 July 1814). 3817: 3631: 3607: 3583: 3571: 3535: 3120: 1648:(Napoleon's return to France in 1815). 873:. Louis Stanislas and his brother, the 13618:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis 13593:Heirs presumptive to the French throne 13455: 12387:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 12342:Other significant figures and factions 8273:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 6069: 5835:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou 5343: 5334: 5239: 5158: 5054: 4921: 4878: 4782: 4695: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4476: 4464: 4452: 4428: 4356: 4332: 4320: 4308: 4296: 4224: 4212: 4149: 4137: 4077: 3961: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3721: 3709: 3685: 3643: 3619: 3595: 3559: 3547: 3523: 3511: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3463: 3451: 3439: 3427: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3315: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3264: 3252: 3237: 3222: 3192: 3177: 3165: 3150: 2885: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2643: 2533: 2529: 2092: 2089:" (emphasis in the original) in 1824. 1852:The royal family. From left to right: 1662:Gold coin of Louis XVIII, struck 1815 1555: 830:on the journey to meet her bridegroom 720:On 16 April 1771, Louis Stanislas was 590:. He was the grandson of the reigning 13643:Expatriates in the Kingdom of Prussia 13543:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 13538:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter 13255: 13150: 12434:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 12340: 12190:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 12129:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 12087:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 11690: 10936: 10567:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 10295: 10198: 10172: 9955:Spanish American wars of independence 7931: 7591: 7461: 7247: 6698: 6043: 5728: 5702: 5519:7 July 1815 – 16 September 1824 5279: 5265:(Reprint ed.). USA: Bloomsbury. 5260: 5217: 5145: 5000:Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter 4866: 4854: 4842: 4830: 4818: 4806: 4794: 4770: 4755: 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4647: 4635: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4344: 4284: 4272: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4200: 4188: 4173: 4161: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4005: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3910: 3898: 3883: 3871: 3856: 3841: 3829: 3805: 3793: 3781: 3697: 3667: 3205:Flamand-Grétry, Louis Victor (1840). 3135: 2961: 2951: 2947: 2935: 2929: 2919: 2903: 2893: 2889: 2873: 2867: 2857: 2841: 2831: 2827: 2815: 2809: 2799: 2783: 2773: 2769: 2745: 2735: 2719: 2709: 2705: 2693: 2687: 2677: 2661: 2651: 2647: 2631: 2625: 2615: 2599: 2589: 2585: 2573: 2567: 2557: 2541: 2537: 1475: 913:Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne 850:while they were taking the waters at 822:. In 1774, he accompanied his sister 640:Louis Joseph Xavier, Duke of Burgundy 327: 13633:Expatriates in the Holy Roman Empire 13568:French politicians with disabilities 12588:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 12000:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 11691: 10787:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 7487: 6683:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 5352: 5134: 5123: 4515: 4440: 2197:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 2191:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 2185:Grand Master and Grand Croix of the 1862:Marie Thérèse, Duchesse of Angoulême 1495:did not last long; he soon moved to 1449:, Louis's closest advisor in exile. 1403:with unflattering allusions to both 877:, served as godfathers by proxy for 832:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont 594:. As a son of the Dauphin, he was a 13256: 12195:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 9940:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 7957: 7919:from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II 5482:11 April 1814 – 20 March 1815 2133:. He is portrayed by British actor 1958:Charles François, Marquis de Bonnay 1687:in English: "20 Franc Piece, 1815" 1525:In 1812, Napoleon I embarked on an 1507:and extremely generous allowances. 1447:Antoine de Bésiade, Count of Avaray 655:Governess of the Children of France 13: 13553:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz 13385:Influence of the French Revolution 13375:Symbolism in the French Revolution 12139:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 12100:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 10355:Convocation of the Estates General 7671: 7667:Coat of arms of the House of Capet 7662: 7549: 7317: 7273: 5814:Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois 5299: 4954:Bragança, Jose Vicente de (2011). 2844:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth 2386:, the necropolis of French kings. 1071:Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria IV 1050:, against a crowd gathered at the 788:Jean-Baptiste André Gautier-Dagoty 726:Princess Maria Giuseppina of Savoy 14: 13669: 13503:People of the Bourbon Restoration 13027:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 12759:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 12061:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 11843:François Christophe de Kellermann 11082:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 5400: 5362: 5138:Reaction and Revolution 1814-1832 4493:. Vol. 16. pp. 275–288. 1858:Marie Caroline, Duchesse of Berry 1797:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1732:until the death of Marie-Louise. 1040:Régiment Royal–Allemand Cavalerie 1007:Outbreak of the French Revolution 859:Marie-Thérèse Charlotte de France 742:Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain 13438: 13426: 13414: 12754:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 12661:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 12631:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 12522:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 12300: 12265: 12235: 12210: 12167: 12041: 11918:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 11699: 10471:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 9815:Frederick William III of Prussia 9795:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 5952:Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine 5787: 5135:Artz, Frederick Binkerd (1938). 5124:Artz, Frederick Binkerd (1931). 5094: 5074: 5048: 5026: 5011: 4915: 4898: 4872: 4582: 4557: 4482: 3062: 2494:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 2487:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 2461: 2446: 2425: 2399: 2360: 2339: 2303: 2268: 2248: 2227: 2206: 2157: 1870:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 1866:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 1667: 1235:Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême 1061:On 16 July, the King's brother, 456:, Louis XVIII lived in exile in 383: 16:King of France from 1814 to 1824 13513:People of the French Revolution 13483:19th-century princes of Andorra 13092:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 12839:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 12764:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 11975:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 11970:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 11950:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 11778:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 10696:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 9935:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 9865:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 7619:Pretenders to the French throne 6014:Prince Henri, Count of Chambord 5983:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 5744:; these males held the rank of 4167: 3661: 3649: 3396: 3198: 3036: 2440:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France 2179:Grand Master and Knight of the 1781:Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans 1735: 1608:and an upper house, styled the 1485:Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire 1468:in Essex, leased to him by the 1387:became part of the province of 1289:Frederick William II of Prussia 1096:the Women's March on Versailles 1044:(Royal German Cavalry Regiment) 562: 551: 545:1824–1830) abdicated; and both 540: 323: 13365:Women in the French Revolution 12967:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 12144:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 11808:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 11437:French invasion of Switzerland 9850:Prince Regent John of Portugal 9760:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 9705:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 9700:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 5947:Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy 5931:Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou 5888:Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany 5774:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans 5680:Reason for succession failure: 5637:Reason for succession failure: 5263:Marie-Thérèse: Child of Terror 5117: 3977:Fiszerowa, Wirydianna (1998). 3092: 3055: 3027: 3015:List of works by James Pradier 2964:Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick 2055:military intervention in Spain 1880:on 26 June, where he released 1826:Second Restoration (from 1815) 1269:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 1171:bore fruit when the rulers of 1129: 861:and given the honorific title 676:, Bishop of Limoges; the Abbé 532:military intervention in Spain 522:), giving rise to the liberal 1: 13648:French expatriates in England 13370:Incroyables and merveilleuses 13189:Pierre Claude François Daunou 12977:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 12108:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 12079:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 11376:Naval Engagement off Brittany 11129:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 11103:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 10912:Constitution of the Year VIII 10647:Committee of General Security 10532:National Legislative Assembly 10387:National Constituent Assembly 9875:Prince Charles John of Sweden 5872:Prince Charles, Duke of Berry 5199:Hibbert, Christopher (1982). 5161:Marie Antoinette: The Journey 4607:10.1080/02606755.2000.9522104 3675:. Paris: Fayard. p. 508. 3049: 2389: 2328:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky 2079:Count of Artois, as Charles X 1581:First Restoration (1814–1815) 1562:Bourbon Restoration in France 1035:National Constituent Assembly 879:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 330:; died 1810) 43: 13488:18th-century peers of France 13288:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 13082:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 12972:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 12869:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 12769:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 12459:Charles Malo François Lameth 12134:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 11965:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 11908:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 11108:Second Battle of Wissembourg 10795:Constitution of the Year III 7899:Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe 5845:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans 5346:The French Exiles, 1789-1815 5225:(in French). Fayard, Paris. 2906:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor 2519: 2097:Louis XVIII is portrayed by 1843:French intervention in Spain 1371:, named after his estate in 1251: 1161:Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony 909:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 842:and also his spinster aunts 644:Louis Auguste, Duke of Berry 437:. On 21 September 1792, the 7: 13583:Princes of France (Bourbon) 13493:18th-century French writers 13184:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 12809:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 12744:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 12704:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 12583:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 12568:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 12563:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 12372:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 12225:William V, Prince of Orange 11095:First Battle of Wissembourg 11052:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 10768:Closing of the Jacobin Club 10637:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 10594:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 10454:Abolition of the Parlements 10427:Women's March on Versailles 7759:Blancs d'Espagne succession 5809:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans 5677:8 June 1795 – 11 April 1814 5634:20 March 1815 – 7 July 1815 5130:. Harvard University Press. 3008: 1678:LOUIS XVIII, ROI DE FRANCE, 1424:George III of Great Britain 705: 682:Guillaume-François Berthier 10: 13674: 13623:Navarrese titular monarchs 13319:French Republican calendar 12874:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 12499:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 11853:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 11803:Charles François Dumouriez 11793:Jacques François Dugommier 11607:League of Armed Neutrality 11440:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 11392:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 11215:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 11194:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 10858:Second Congress of Rastatt 10642:Committee of Public Safety 10629:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 9710:Frederick I of Württemberg 8080:Confederation of the Rhine 5685:Monarchy abolished in 1792 5601:Charles Philippe de France 5055:Guerra, Francisco (1819), 4922:Teulet, Alexandre (1863). 4883:and Various Other Diseases 2879: 2763: 2637: 2531: 2350:Order of the Golden Fleece 2150: 2083:Antoine Germain Labarraque 1946:Guillaume Marie Anne Brune 1739: 1559: 1242:Napoleon Bonaparte invaded 1010: 674:Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet 18: 13334:Cult of the Supreme Being 13262: 13251: 13157: 13146: 13105: 12939: 12932: 12817: 12674: 12596: 12507: 12494:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 12400: 12349:Patriotic Society of 1789 12347: 12336: 12298: 12263: 12233: 12208: 12165: 12152:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 12074:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 12039: 12030: 12008: 11713: 11697: 11686: 11655: 11618: 11591:Convention of Alessandria 11573: 11480: 11427: 11358: 11228: 11202: 11119: 11016: 10943: 10932: 10888: 10877:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 10869: 10842: 10779: 10715: 10610: 10543: 10492: 10446: 10338:What Is the Third Estate? 10329: 10302: 10291: 10206: 10089: 9973: 9888: 9870:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 9860:William, Prince of Orange 9723: 9670:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 9603: 9596: 9476: 9355: 9219: 9048: 8962: 8916: 8665: 8559: 8483: 8377: 8291: 8243: 8234: 8130: 8031: 8022: 7999:French Invasion of Russia 7965: 7912: 7820: 7757: 7683: 7660: 7629: 7560: 7547: 7495: 7430: 7387: 7328: 7315: 7281: 7222: 7173: 7134: 7110: 7056: 7032: 7014: 6991: 6954: 6921: 6878: 6845: 6762: 6736: 6681: 6662: 6636: 6598: 6572: 6526: 6501: 6422: 6333: 6229: 6105: 6075: 6022: 6006: 5975: 5939: 5918: 5903:Louis, Prince of Asturias 5880: 5853: 5822: 5796: 5785: 5761: 5736: 5689: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5597: 5588: 5580: 5575: 5560: 5551: 5538: 5531: 5521: 5512: 5499: 5484: 5475: 5454: 5449: 5414: 5372:French Historical Studies 5320:10.1017/S0018246X00007548 5203:. London: Penguin Books. 2949: 2941: 2913: 2891: 2887: 2851: 2829: 2821: 2793: 2771: 2767: 2729: 2707: 2699: 2671: 2649: 2645: 2609: 2587: 2579: 2551: 2535: 2371:: Stranger Knight of the 1685:PIECE DE 20 FRANCS, 1815, 1666: 1661: 1302:offered Louis the use of 567:1852–1870) were deposed. 379: 369: 359: 349: 337: 305: 291: 274: 252: 248: 238: 227: 216: 208: 116: 106: 89: 78: 67: 53: 35: 30: 13498:18th-century biographers 13042:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 13007:Joséphine de Beauharnais 12889:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 12859:François-Nicolas Vincent 12844:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 12018:Charles-Alexandre Linois 11913:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 11893:François Séverin Marceau 11873:François Joseph Lefebvre 11768:Jean-Étienne Championnet 11743:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 11738:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 11733:Alexandre de Beauharnais 11723:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 11445:French Invasion of Egypt 11323:Second Battle of Bassano 11057:Battle of Kaiserslautern 10831:Conspiracy of the Equals 10524:The Constitution of 1791 10395:Storming of the Bastille 9780:Archduke John of Austria 9775:Prince von Schwarzenberg 9620:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 5926:Louis, Dauphin of France 5893:Louis, Dauphin of France 5861:Louis, Dauphin of France 5830:Louis, Dauphin of France 5344:Weiner, Margery (1961). 5159:Fraser, Antonia (2002). 5063:(in Spanish), p. 41 3403:Castelot, André (1962). 3020: 2932:Maria Josepha of Austria 2628:Louis, Dauphin of France 2478:Charles, Count of Artois 2411:Louis, Dauphin of France 2282:Order of the Black Eagle 2259:Sash of the Three Orders 2171:Order of the Holy Spirit 2119:. In the 2022 TV series 2064: 1999:King Louis disliked the 1854:Charles, Count of Artois 1361:Marie-Thérèse persuaded 1345:Marguerite de Gourbillon 1206:executed in January 1793 1167:. The activities of the 1138:, he proclaimed himself 1124: 1056:Storming of the Bastille 834:, heir to the throne of 715:Marie Joséphine of Savoy 606:Order of the Holy Spirit 584:Louis, Dauphin of France 570: 445:. When his young nephew 354:Louis, Dauphin of France 312:Marie Joséphine of Savoy 155:The Prince of Talleyrand 138:The Prince of Talleyrand 13022:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 12894:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 12854:Antoine-François Momoro 12849:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 12666:François de Neufchâteau 12616:Charles-François Lebrun 12558:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 12439:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 12315:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 12121:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 12116:Karl Mack von Leiberich 11748:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 11562:Second Battle of Zurich 11453:Irish Rebellion of 1798 11299:First Battle of Bassano 11137:Second Battle of Boulou 10938:Revolutionary campaigns 10896:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 10811:Council of Five Hundred 10599:First republic declared 10535:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 10516:Declaration of Pillnitz 10240:Constitutional monarchy 9715:Frederick VI of Denmark 9665:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 8455:Greater Poland uprising 8278:Duc d'Enghien Execution 6096:List of French monarchs 5909:Infante Philip of Spain 5779:Gaston, Duke of Orléans 5509:Himself as titular king 5494:Himself as titular king 5464:Himself as titular king 5240:Mansel, Philip (1999). 4879:Alcock, Thomas (1827). 3085:Encyclopædia Britannica 2870:Maria Josepha of Saxony 2664:Stanisław I Leszczyński 2602:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 2544:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 2504:Henri, Duke of Bordeaux 2419:Louis, Duke of Burgundy 2022:Henry, Duke of Bordeaux 1787:to apprehend Napoleon. 1632:Louis XVIII signed the 1363:Queen Louise of Prussia 1185:Declaration of Pillnitz 1063:Charles, Comte d'Artois 811:generated only 300,000 633:François-Hubert Drouais 631:), depicted in 1757 by 588:Maria Josepha of Saxony 493:constitutional monarchy 431:, the last king of the 364:Maria Josepha of Saxony 299:Basilica of Saint Denis 13588:People from Versailles 13573:French Roman Catholics 13351: 13310: 13286: 13267: 12779:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 12774:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 12684:Maximilien Robespierre 12517:Jacques Pierre Brissot 12382:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 11813:Louis-Charles de Flers 11798:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 11763:Jean François Carteaux 11538:First Battle of Zurich 11501:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 11456:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 11416:Treaty of Campo Formio 11162:Glorious First of June 11090:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 11049:Expedition to Sardinia 10727:Desmoulins guillotined 10662:Assassination of Marat 10654:Fall of the Girondists 10626:Revolutionary Tribunal 10618:Execution of Louis XVI 10508:Champ de Mars massacre 10411:Abolition of Feudalism 9835:Ferdinand VII of Spain 8283:Coronation of Napoleon 7822:Bonapartist pretenders 7677: 7668: 7554: 7541:Louis Stanislas Xavier 7322: 6602:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 6091:List of Frankish kings 6086:Simplified family tree 5866:King Philip V of Spain 5353:Wolf, John B. (1940). 5082:The Knights of England 3080:Louis XVIII. of France 2812:Augustus III of Poland 2292:Order of the Red Eagle 2199:Order of Saint Lazarus 2181:Order of Saint Michael 2017: 2002:premier prince du sang 1872: 1845: 1755: 1629: 1577: 1535: 1488: 1470:Marquess of Buckingham 1439: 1367: 1352:First Consul of France 1328: 1322: 1316: 1264: 1201:on 21 September 1792. 1193: 929: 890:Anne Nompar de Caumont 838:. In 1775, he visited 791: 776: 764:At his brother's court 717: 635: 614:Stanislaus I of Poland 576:Louis Stanislas Xavier 443:executed by guillotine 401: 13224:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 12489:Jean-Charles Pichegru 12469:Jean-François Rewbell 11955:Jean-Charles Pichegru 11838:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 11828:Jacques Maurice Hatry 11599:Battle of Hohenlinden 11472:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 11307:Battle of Emmendingen 11254:Battle of Castiglione 11141:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 11072:Battle of Hondschoote 10743:Thermidorian Reaction 10707:(throughout the year) 10480:Fête de la Fédération 10406:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 10390:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 10374:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 10122:Conference of Dresden 10031:Paris (February 1812) 9960:Swedish–Norwegian War 9785:Alexander I of Russia 7675: 7666: 7553: 7321: 5665:— TITULAR — 5622:— TITULAR — 5407:Quotes of Louis XVIII 5280:Price, Munro (2008). 5261:Nagel, Susan (2008). 5201:The French Revolution 2786:Augustus II of Poland 2748:Louis XVIII of France 2257:: Grand Cross of the 2239:Order of the Elephant 2216:: Grand Cross of the 2015: 1851: 1833: 1816:Field Marshal Blücher 1749: 1627: 1575:Louis-Philippe Crépin 1569: 1483: 1432:Emperor of the French 1337:Queen Marie Joséphine 1259: 1228:Declaration of Verona 1077:, with the family of 921: 782: 771: 713: 626: 189:The Duke of Richelieu 172:Jean-Joseph Dessolles 163:The Duke of Richelieu 99:Emperor of the French 42:Coronation portrait, 13658:Deaths from gangrene 13478:18th-century regents 13152:Influential thinkers 12899:Jean-François Varlet 12799:Jean-Lambert Tallien 12794:Jean Bon Saint-André 12621:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 12543:Marquis de Condorcet 12392:Nicolas de Condorcet 12157:Dagobert von Wurmser 11990:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 11933:Pierre-Jacques Osten 11848:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 11783:Louis-Nicolas Davout 11773:Chapuis de Tourville 11315:Battle of Schliengen 11262:Battle of Theiningen 11183:Battle of Aldenhoven 11067:Battle of Wattignies 11036:Battle of Neerwinden 10850:Coup of 18 Fructidor 10363:Death of the Dauphin 10076:Fontainebleau (1814) 9630:Louis-Nicolas Davout 8551:Invasion of Portugal 7895:Napoléon VII Charles 6081:Detailed family tree 5426:Cadet branch of the 5080:Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) 5003:. Berling. pp. 2405:Louis XV (1710–1774) 2384:Basilica of St Denis 2218:Order of St. Stephen 2193:Order of Saint Louis 2034:Duchess of Angoulême 1911:Président du Conseil 1393:Wirydianna Fiszerowa 1385:partitions of Poland 1210:Louis XVII of France 1183:. They released the 1115:Austrian Netherlands 905:Assembly of Notables 730:Palace of Versailles 700:Order of St. Lazarus 580:Palace of Versailles 268:Palace of Versailles 197:The Count of Villèle 13239:Mary Wollstonecraft 13017:Jean Sylvain Bailly 12804:Pierre Louis Prieur 12749:Jean-Henri Voulland 12724:Jacques-Louis David 12656:Jean Joseph Mounier 12357:Jean Sylvain Bailly 11995:Belgrand de Vaubois 11883:Jean-Antoine Marbot 11823:Emmanuel de Grouchy 11628:Treaty of Lunéville 11267:Battle of Neresheim 11212:Siege of Luxembourg 11191:Siege of Luxembourg 11146:Battle of Tourcoing 11077:Siege of Bellegarde 10904:Coup of 18 Brumaire 10816:Council of Ancients 10591:National Convention 10583:September Massacres 10559:Brunswick Manifesto 10551:France declares war 10318:Assembly of Vizille 10102:Bourbon Restoration 9845:Maria I of Portugal 9830:Prince of Hohenlohe 9820:Gebhard von Blücher 8763:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 8070:Swiss Confederation 7917:Orléanist pretender 7689:Unionist pretenders 7234:King/Queen of Spain 7112:House of Trastámara 6956:House of Trastámara 6517:Henry VI of England 5141:. Harper & Row. 4930:(in French) (2): 99 4869:, pp. 297–298. 4773:, pp. 106–107. 4506:, pp. 446–468. 4092:, pp. 233–234. 4068:, pp. 228–229. 4056:, pp. 227–228. 4008:, pp. 218–219. 3940:, pp. 210–211. 3796:, pp. 113–114. 3748:, pp. 361–362. 3466:, pp. 224–225. 3454:, pp. 221–223. 3357:, pp. 136–138. 3138:, pp. 152–153. 3123:, pp. 331–332. 2722:Katarzyna Opalińska 2373:Order of the Garter 2318:Order of St. Andrew 2290:Grand Cross of the 2255:Kingdom of Portugal 2093:Film and television 1970:Second White Terror 1934:Chambre introuvable 1923:Chambre introuvable 1628:Louis XVIII in 1814 1606:Chamber of Deputies 1602:freedom of religion 1556:Bourbon Restoration 1199:National Convention 1157:Electorate of Trier 1144:Varennes-en-Argonne 1075:Kingdom of Sardinia 774:Louis XVI of France 678:Jean-Antoine Nollet 582:, a younger son of 519:Chambre introuvable 489:Bourbon Restoration 439:National Convention 427:as brother of King 418:First French Empire 181:The Duke of Decazes 13578:Princes of Andorra 13533:Counts of Provence 13077:Loménie de Brienne 13052:Madame de Lamballe 12987:Napoléon Bonaparte 12784:Prieur de la Marne 12699:Camille Desmoulins 12553:Marie Jean Hérault 12429:Jean-Sifrein Maury 12424:Arnaud de La Porte 12280:Alexander Korsakov 12066:Count of Clerfayt 11985:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 11898:Auguste de Marmont 11753:Napoléon Bonaparte 11644:Algeciras campaign 11636:Treaty of Florence 11514:Battle of Stockach 11347:Ireland expedition 11331:Battle of Calliano 11291:Battle of Rovereto 11283:Battle of Würzburg 10735:Law of 22 Prairial 10704:Anti-clerical laws 10679:The Death of Marat 10500:Flight to Varennes 10117:Continental System 10112:Congress of Erfurt 10036:Paris (March 1812) 9810:Peter Wittgenstein 9735:Duke of Wellington 9690:Prince Poniatowski 9655:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 9640:Auguste de Marmont 9035:Arroyo dos Molinos 8883:Walcheren Campaign 8873:Armistice of Znaim 8768:Dalmatian Campaign 8693:Tyrolean Rebellion 7678: 7669: 7555: 7520:Légitimé de France 7323: 6847:House of Champagne 6802:García Sánchez III 6664:House of Bonaparte 6574:House of Bonaparte 6504:House of Lancaster 6070:Monarchs of France 5753:Grandson of France 5609:Titles in pretence 5584:Philippe de France 5565:Title next held by 5543:Title last held by 5467:Title last held by 5337:Monarchy and Exile 5308:Historical Journal 5282:The Perilous Crown 4978:on 2 November 2014 4569:www.britannica.com 3979:Dzieje moje własne 2570:Louis XV of France 2275:Kingdom of Prussia 2018: 1966:House of Bonaparte 1903:"Ministère du Roi" 1873: 1846: 1820:Battle of Waterloo 1812:Duke of Wellington 1756: 1752:Battle of Waterloo 1699:Congress of Vienna 1683:Reverse: (French) 1676:Obverse: (French) 1630: 1578: 1527:invasion of Russia 1489: 1476:England, 1807–1814 1399:, the hymn of the 1383:, which after the 1341:Schleswig-Holstein 1285:Duchy of Brunswick 1265: 1246:Republic of Venice 1165:Archbishop-Elector 1119:Flight to Varennes 997:Parlement of Paris 930: 792: 777: 718: 694:Count of Provence. 636: 528:Quintuple Alliance 147:The Duke of Blacas 21:Louis XVIII column 13508:Regents of France 13402: 13401: 13398: 13397: 13276:Cockade of France 13247: 13246: 13209:Antoine Lavoisier 13199:Benjamin Franklin 13179:Anacharsis Cloots 13142: 13141: 13138: 13137: 13062:Louis de Breteuil 12904:Theophile Leclerc 12332: 12331: 12328: 12327: 12285:Alexander Suvorov 12026: 12025: 11960:Józef Poniatowski 11878:Étienne Macdonald 11682: 11681: 11583:Battle of Marengo 11546:Battle of Trebbia 11530:Battle of Cassano 11522:Battle of Magnano 11506:Battle of Ostrach 11408:Battle of Neuwied 11170:Battle of Fleurus 11154:Battle of Tournay 11031:War in the Vendée 10967:Royalist Revolts 10928: 10927: 10485: 10461:Abolition of the 10379:Tennis Court Oath 10371:National Assembly 10200:French Revolution 10166: 10165: 10162: 10161: 10154:Types of military 9950:Russo-Turkish War 9945:Russo-Persian War 9913:Anglo-Turkish War 9908:Anglo-Swedish War 9903:Anglo-Spanish War 9898:Anglo-Russian War 9825:Duke of Brunswick 9728:political leaders 9608:political leaders 9592: 9591: 8597:Medina de Rioseco 8319:Haslach-Jungingen 8253:French Revolution 8230: 8229: 8013:Seventh Coalition 7925: 7924: 7920: 7879:Napoléon V Victor 7875:Napoléon V Jérôme 7864: 7861:Emperor 1852–1870 7631:Monarchy in exile 7585: 7584: 7455: 7454: 7431:Current claimants 7241: 7240: 7136:House of Habsburg 6792:García Sánchez II 6692: 6691: 6653:Louis Philippe II 6576:(1804–1814; 1815) 6037: 6036: 6032: 5730:Princes of France 5697: 5696: 5690:Succeeded by 5667: 5647:Succeeded by 5624: 5598:Succeeded by 5558:1771 – 1790 5522:Succeeded by 5444:16 September 1824 5291:978-0-3304-2638-1 5272:978-1-5969-1057-7 5210:978-0-1400-4945-9 5192:10.1093/fh/crn045 5170:978-0-7538-1305-8 5163:. London: ORION. 4962:(in Portuguese). 4722:, pp. 95–96. 4518:, pp. 16–21. 4407:, pp. 82–83. 4191:, pp. 49–54. 3656:Le Petit Robert 2 3345:, pp. 14–15. 3282:, pp. 13–14. 3005: 3004: 2690:Marie Leszczyńska 2164:Kingdom of France 2107:Sebastian Armesto 2101:in the 1970 film 2087:without any odour 2007:the Duke of Berry 1929:Duke of Richelieu 1839:George Cruikshank 1785:Marshal MacDonald 1722:Kingdom of Naples 1703:Kingdom of Saxony 1695:Prince Talleyrand 1691: 1690: 1590:Napoleon's senate 1416:Kingdom of Naples 1177:Holy Roman Empire 1100:Luxembourg Palace 1052:Tuileries gardens 1024:National Assembly 1013:French Revolution 680:; and the Jesuit 491:government was a 482:Seventh Coalition 425:Count of Provence 414:French Revolution 391: 390: 295:24 September 1824 278:16 September 1824 84:16 September 1824 13665: 13653:Wheelchair users 13603:Dukes of Alençon 13598:House of Bourbon 13528:Dukes of Vendôme 13443: 13442: 13431: 13430: 13429: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13410: 13356: 13344:Temple of Reason 13315: 13291: 13272: 13253: 13252: 13204:Thomas Jefferson 13148: 13147: 13067:de Chateaubriand 12997:Joseph Bonaparte 12992:Lucien Bonaparte 12982:Marie Antoinette 12937: 12936: 12924:Sylvain Maréchal 12879:François Hanriot 12714:Louis Philippe I 12641:Louis Philippe I 12636:Philippe Égalité 12578:Olympe de Gouges 12548:Charlotte Corday 12538:Étienne Clavière 12338: 12337: 12320:Antonio Ricardos 12305: 12304: 12290:Andrei Rosenberg 12270: 12269: 12240: 12239: 12215: 12214: 12185:Ralph Abercromby 12172: 12171: 12147: 12124: 12111: 12103: 12095: 12082: 12069: 12046: 12045: 12037: 12036: 11941: 11888:Marcellin Marbot 11711: 11710: 11704: 11703: 11692:Military leaders 11688: 11687: 11675: 11667: 11663:Treaty of Amiens 11648: 11640: 11632: 11611: 11603: 11595: 11587: 11566: 11565:(25–26 Sep 1799) 11558: 11550: 11549:(17–20 Jun 1799) 11542: 11534: 11533:(27–28 Apr 1799) 11526: 11518: 11510: 11509:(20–21 Mar 1799) 11502: 11494: 11490:Second Coalition 11473: 11465: 11457: 11449: 11441: 11420: 11412: 11404: 11400:Treaty of Leoben 11396: 11388: 11387:(14–15 Jan 1797) 11384:Battle of Rivoli 11380: 11372: 11368:Italian campaign 11351: 11343: 11342:(15–17 Nov 1796) 11339:Battle of Arcole 11335: 11327: 11319: 11311: 11303: 11295: 11287: 11279: 11275:Battle of Amberg 11271: 11258: 11250: 11246:Battle of Lonato 11242: 11238:Italian campaign 11216: 11195: 11187: 11174: 11166: 11158: 11150: 11142: 11133: 11112: 11111:(26–27 Dec 1793) 11099: 11091: 11053: 11045: 11041:Battle of Famars 11009: 10934: 10933: 10916: 10908: 10900: 10881: 10862: 10854: 10835: 10827: 10807: 10799: 10791: 10772: 10764: 10756: 10747: 10739: 10731: 10708: 10700: 10692: 10684: 10674: 10666: 10658: 10638: 10630: 10622: 10603: 10595: 10587: 10579: 10571: 10563: 10555: 10536: 10528: 10520: 10512: 10504: 10503:(20–21 Jun 1791) 10483: 10475: 10467: 10458: 10439: 10431: 10423: 10415: 10407: 10399: 10391: 10383: 10375: 10367: 10359: 10351: 10343: 10322: 10314: 10310:Day of the Tiles 10293: 10292: 10193: 10186: 10179: 10170: 10169: 9930:Dano-Swedish War 9918:Anglo-Danish War 9770:Archduke Charles 9685:Jérôme Bonaparte 9601: 9600: 9534:Castel di Sangro 9443:Fère-Champenoise 9096:García Hernández 9010:Fuentes de Oñoro 8526:Guttstadt-Deppen 8263:Second Coalition 8241: 8240: 8222:French Royalists 8029: 8028: 7978:Fourth Coalition 7952: 7945: 7938: 7929: 7928: 7914: 7858: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7589: 7588: 7496:Hereditary Dukes 7489:Dukes of Vendôme 7482: 7475: 7468: 7459: 7458: 7439:Charles-Philippe 7397:Philippe Charles 7282:Hereditary dukes 7268: 7261: 7254: 7245: 7244: 7175:House of Bourbon 7058:House of Bourbon 6782:García Sánchez I 6764:House of Jiménez 6737:House of Íñiguez 6719: 6712: 6705: 6696: 6695: 6647:Louis Philippe I 6638:House of Orléans 6600:House of Bourbon 6528:House of Bourbon 6064: 6057: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6024: 5962:King Louis XVIII 5791: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5700: 5699: 5687: 5681: 5663: 5655:Preceded by 5644: 5638: 5620: 5581:Preceded by 5445: 5438: 5437:17 November 1755 5429:Capetian dynasty 5421:House of Bourbon 5412: 5411: 5396: 5358: 5357:. pp. 1–58. 5349: 5340: 5331: 5295: 5276: 5257: 5236: 5214: 5195: 5174: 5155: 5142: 5131: 5112: 5111: 5098: 5092: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5030: 5024: 5015: 5009: 5008: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4974:. Archived from 4960:Lusíada História 4951: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4919: 4913: 4906:Marie Antoinette 4902: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4486: 4480: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3982: 3974: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3860: 3854: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3241: 3235: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3148: 3139: 3133: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3059: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 2525: 2524: 2465: 2450: 2429: 2403: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2363: 2348:: Knight of the 2344: 2343: 2342: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2237:: Knight of the 2233: 2231: 2230: 2212: 2210: 2209: 2187:Legion of Honour 2162: 2161: 2160: 2141:motion picture, 2122:Marie Antoinette 2112:Marie Antoinette 2105:. British actor 1671: 1659: 1658: 1610:Chamber of Peers 1540: 1444: 1370: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1312:Marie Antoinette 1196: 1104:Tuileries Palace 1058:two days later. 805:Duchy of Alençon 758:Marie Antoinette 722:married by proxy 667: 651:Madame de Marsan 566: 564: 555: 553: 547:Louis Philippe I 544: 542: 387: 331: 329: 325: 285:Tuileries Palace 281: 265:17 November 1755 264: 262: 234: 231:20 March 1815 – 223: 212: 131: 121: 102: 85: 74: 48: 45: 40: 28: 27: 13673: 13672: 13668: 13667: 13666: 13664: 13663: 13662: 13523:Dukes of Perche 13453: 13452: 13449: 13437: 13427: 13425: 13415: 13413: 13405: 13403: 13394: 13269:La Marseillaise 13258: 13257:Cultural impact 13243: 13153: 13134: 13101: 13057:Madame du Barry 13047:Catherine Théot 13037:Thérésa Tallien 12928: 12919:Gracchus Babeuf 12864:François Chabot 12821: 12813: 12734:Georges Couthon 12729:Marquis de Sade 12694:Jean-Paul Marat 12670: 12626:Bertrand Barère 12592: 12503: 12484:Boissy d'Anglas 12479:Madame de Staël 12444:Antoine Barnave 12412: 12405: 12396: 12343: 12324: 12299: 12294: 12264: 12259: 12234: 12229: 12209: 12204: 12166: 12161: 12145: 12122: 12109: 12101: 12093: 12080: 12067: 12056:József Alvinczi 12040: 12022: 12004: 11945:Nicolas Oudinot 11935: 11868:Claude Lecourbe 11863:Charles Leclerc 11758:Guillaume Brune 11728:Pierre Augereau 11698: 11693: 11678: 11673: 11671:Treaty of Paris 11665: 11651: 11646: 11638: 11630: 11614: 11609: 11601: 11593: 11585: 11569: 11564: 11556: 11548: 11540: 11532: 11524: 11516: 11508: 11500: 11492: 11476: 11471: 11463: 11455: 11447: 11439: 11423: 11418: 11410: 11402: 11394: 11386: 11378: 11370: 11354: 11349: 11341: 11333: 11325: 11317: 11309: 11301: 11293: 11285: 11277: 11269: 11256: 11248: 11240: 11224: 11214: 11198: 11193: 11185: 11172: 11164: 11156: 11148: 11140: 11131: 11115: 11110: 11097: 11089: 11087:Siege of Toulon 11051: 11043: 11026:First Coalition 11012: 11003: 10939: 10924: 10914: 10906: 10898: 10884: 10879: 10865: 10860: 10852: 10838: 10833: 10825: 10805: 10797: 10789: 10775: 10770: 10762: 10754: 10745: 10737: 10729: 10711: 10706: 10698: 10690: 10688:Law of Suspects 10682: 10672: 10664: 10656: 10636: 10634:Reign of Terror 10628: 10620: 10606: 10601: 10593: 10585: 10577: 10569: 10561: 10553: 10539: 10534: 10526: 10518: 10510: 10502: 10488: 10473: 10465: 10456: 10442: 10437: 10429: 10421: 10414:(4–11 Aug 1789) 10413: 10405: 10397: 10389: 10381: 10373: 10365: 10357: 10349: 10347:Réveillon riots 10341: 10325: 10320: 10312: 10298: 10287: 10202: 10197: 10167: 10158: 10085: 9969: 9890: 9884: 9840:Miguel de Álava 9805:Pyotr Bagration 9800:Count Bennigsen 9790:Mikhail Kutuzov 9755:Thomas Cochrane 9727: 9725: 9719: 9680:Louis Bonaparte 9607: 9605: 9604:French and ally 9588: 9472: 9388:Château-Thierry 9351: 9215: 9186:Maloyaroslavets 9044: 8958: 8912: 8703:Yevenes/Yébenes 8661: 8577:Rosily Squadron 8555: 8479: 8445:Waren-Nossentin 8373: 8304:Cape Finisterre 8287: 8258:First Coalition 8236: 8226: 8133: 8126: 8037: 8033: 8024: 8018: 8006:Sixth Coalition 7992:Fifth Coalition 7971:Third Coalition 7961: 7959:Napoleonic Wars 7956: 7926: 7921: 7908: 7816: 7753: 7679: 7670: 7658: 7625: 7616: 7586: 7581: 7556: 7545: 7491: 7486: 7456: 7451: 7426: 7383: 7324: 7313: 7277: 7272: 7242: 7237: 7218: 7177:- Upper Navarre 7169: 7138:- Upper Navarre 7130: 7114:- Upper Navarre 7106: 7060:- Lower Navarre 7052: 7036:- Lower Navarre 7034:House of Albret 7028: 7016:House of Albret 7010: 7001:Francis Phoebus 6987: 6950: 6923:House of Évreux 6917: 6874: 6841: 6758: 6732: 6723: 6693: 6688: 6677: 6658: 6632: 6594: 6568: 6522: 6497: 6424:House of Valois 6418: 6329: 6290:Charles the Fat 6249:Pepin the Short 6234: 6225: 6101: 6100: 6071: 6068: 6038: 6033: 6018: 6002: 5988:King Louis XVII 5971: 5935: 5914: 5876: 5849: 5818: 5792: 5783: 5769:King Louis XIII 5757: 5732: 5727: 5693: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5650: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5625: 5603: 5594: 5586: 5566: 5557: 5544: 5533:French nobility 5527: 5518: 5510: 5508: 5495: 5493: 5481: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5417: 5403: 5365: 5302: 5300:Further reading 5292: 5273: 5254: 5233: 5211: 5171: 5120: 5115: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5079: 5075: 5066: 5064: 5053: 5049: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5016: 5012: 4995: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4966:(8): 278, 282. 4952: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4920: 4916: 4903: 4899: 4889: 4887: 4877: 4873: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4841: 4837: 4829: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4762: 4754: 4750: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4546: 4538: 4534: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4504:Frederking 2008 4502: 4498: 4487: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4451: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4223: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3968: 3960: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3863: 3855: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3474: 3470: 3462: 3458: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3401: 3397: 3389: 3385: 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3244: 3236: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3157: 3149: 3142: 3134: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3078:, ed. (1911). " 3063: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3011: 3006: 2522: 2517: 2392: 2361: 2359: 2340: 2338: 2304: 2302: 2269: 2267: 2263:10 October 1823 2249: 2247: 2243:25 January 1818 2228: 2226: 2214:Austrian Empire 2207: 2205: 2175:2 February 1767 2158: 2156: 2153: 2095: 2067: 1977:Treaty of Paris 1918:ultra-royalists 1856:, Louis XVIII, 1828: 1773:Southern France 1744: 1738: 1642:Sixth Coalition 1634:Treaty of Paris 1614:Biens nationaux 1598:Charter of 1814 1583: 1564: 1558: 1537:biens nationaux 1516:Comte de Blacas 1505:right of asylum 1501:Prince of Wales 1478: 1401:French Republic 1397:La Marseillaise 1391:. According to 1377:Łazienki Palace 1254: 1132: 1127: 1108:Duke of Orleans 1081:Prince de Condé 1019:Estates-General 1015: 1009: 956:Estates-General 875:Count of Artois 784:Marie Joséphine 766: 708: 661: 586:, and his wife 573: 561: 556:1830–1848) and 550: 539: 506:Charter of 1814 472:first defeated 470:Sixth Coalition 333: 321: 317: 314: 301: 296: 287:, Paris, France 283: 279: 266: 260: 258: 257: 232: 221: 210: 209:King of France 204: 201: 199: 192: 190: 185: 183: 176: 174: 167: 165: 158: 156: 151: 149: 142: 140: 133: 132: 127: 119:Prime ministers 117: 96: 83: 72: 63: 49: 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13671: 13661: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13518:Dukes of Anjou 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13448: 13447: 13435: 13423: 13400: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13348: 13347: 13346: 13339:Cult of Reason 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13283: 13281:Flag of France 13278: 13273: 13263: 13260: 13259: 13249: 13248: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13144: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13132: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13120: 13109: 13107: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13087:Jacques Necker 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12943: 12941: 12934: 12930: 12929: 12927: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12909:Claire Lacombe 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12834:Jacques Hébert 12830: 12828: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12689:Georges Danton 12686: 12680: 12678: 12672: 12671: 12669: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12602: 12600: 12594: 12593: 12591: 12590: 12585: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12555: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12533:Henri Grégoire 12529: 12524: 12519: 12513: 12511: 12505: 12504: 12502: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12474:Camille Jordan 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12415: 12413: 12401: 12398: 12397: 12395: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12353: 12351: 12345: 12344: 12334: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12326: 12325: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12296: 12295: 12293: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12276: 12274: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12257: 12252: 12246: 12244: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12227: 12221: 12219: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12178: 12176: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12118: 12113: 12105: 12097: 12089: 12084: 12076: 12071: 12063: 12058: 12052: 12050: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12024: 12023: 12021: 12020: 12014: 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11910: 11905: 11900: 11895: 11890: 11885: 11880: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11719: 11717: 11708: 11695: 11694: 11684: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11668: 11659: 11657: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11649: 11641: 11633: 11624: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11612: 11604: 11596: 11588: 11579: 11577: 11571: 11570: 11568: 11567: 11559: 11554:Battle of Novi 11551: 11543: 11541:(4–7 Jun 1799) 11535: 11527: 11519: 11511: 11503: 11495: 11486: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11475: 11474: 11466: 11458: 11450: 11442: 11433: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11421: 11413: 11405: 11397: 11389: 11381: 11373: 11364: 11362: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11344: 11336: 11334:(6–7 Nov 1796) 11328: 11320: 11312: 11304: 11296: 11288: 11280: 11272: 11264: 11259: 11251: 11249:(3–4 Aug 1796) 11243: 11234: 11232: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11222: 11220:Peace of Basel 11217: 11208: 11206: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11196: 11188: 11180: 11175: 11167: 11159: 11151: 11143: 11134: 11125: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11113: 11105: 11100: 11092: 11084: 11079: 11074: 11069: 11064: 11062:Siege of Mainz 11059: 11054: 11046: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11022: 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11010: 10998: 10993: 10991:Siege of Mainz 10988: 10983: 10982: 10981: 10978: 10973: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10949: 10947: 10941: 10940: 10930: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10922: 10917: 10909: 10901: 10892: 10890: 10886: 10885: 10883: 10882: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10855: 10846: 10844: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10836: 10828: 10823:13 Vendémiaire 10820: 10819: 10818: 10813: 10800: 10792: 10783: 10781: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10773: 10765: 10757: 10748: 10740: 10732: 10719: 10717: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10709: 10701: 10693: 10685: 10675: 10670:Levée en masse 10667: 10659: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10644: 10631: 10623: 10614: 10612: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10596: 10588: 10580: 10575:10th of August 10572: 10564: 10556: 10547: 10545: 10541: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10529: 10521: 10513: 10505: 10496: 10494: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10486: 10476: 10468: 10459: 10457:(Feb–Jul 1790) 10450: 10448: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10440: 10432: 10424: 10416: 10408: 10400: 10392: 10384: 10376: 10368: 10360: 10352: 10344: 10333: 10331: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10315: 10306: 10304: 10300: 10299: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10278: 10271: 10264: 10257: 10250: 10243: 10236: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10196: 10195: 10188: 10181: 10173: 10164: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10149:Longwood House 10146: 10145: 10144: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10093: 10091: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9926: 9925: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9894: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9855:Count of Feira 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9750:Horatio Nelson 9747: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9660:Marshal Victor 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9611: 9609: 9598: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9480: 9478: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9438:Arcis-sur-Aube 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9223: 9221: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9181:Venta del Pozo 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9056:Ciudad Rodrigo 9052: 9050: 9046: 9045: 9043: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8966: 8964: 8960: 8959: 8957: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8934:Ciudad Rodrigo 8931: 8926: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8910: 8908:Alba de Tormes 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8808:Aspern-Essling 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8487: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8410:Jena–Auerstedt 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8295: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8182:Ottoman Empire 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8142:United Kingdom 8138: 8136: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8112:Ottoman Empire 8109: 8107:Denmark–Norway 8104: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8050:Polish Legions 8047: 8041: 8039: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7995: 7988: 7985:Peninsular War 7981: 7974: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7955: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7923: 7922: 7913: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7906: 7891: 7885: 7871: 7865: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7827: 7825: 7824:(1814–present) 7818: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7789: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7764: 7762: 7761:(1883–present) 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7694: 7692: 7691:(1830–present) 7681: 7680: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7649: 7643: 7636: 7634: 7627: 7626: 7615: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7592: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7572: 7564: 7562: 7561:Courtesy title 7558: 7557: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7499: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7485: 7484: 7477: 7470: 7462: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7446:Louis Alphonse 7442: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7412:Alfonso Carlos 7409: 7404: 7399: 7393: 7391: 7389:Courtesy title 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7364:Louis François 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7335: 7333: 7326: 7325: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7275:Dukes of Anjou 7271: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7248: 7239: 7238: 7230:King of France 7226:King of Aragon 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7141: 7139: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7117: 7115: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7061: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6997: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6973: 6966: 6960: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6927: 6925: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6880:House of Capet 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6851: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6827:García Ramírez 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6751: 6749:García Íñiguez 6746: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6722: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6699: 6690: 6689: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6630: 6623: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6533: 6531: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6512: 6510: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6340: 6338: 6335:House of Capet 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6256: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6196:Childebert III 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6112: 6110: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6010: 6008: 6007:9th generation 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5976:8th generation 5973: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5967:King Charles X 5964: 5959: 5957:King Louis XVI 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5940:7th generation 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5919:6th generation 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5884: 5882: 5881:5th generation 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5855: 5854:4th generation 5851: 5850: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5823:3rd generation 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5804:King Louis XIV 5800: 5798: 5797:2nd generation 5794: 5793: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5762:1st generation 5759: 5758: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5726: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5703: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5672:King of France 5661: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5629:King of France 5618: 5612: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5599: 5596: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5564: 5559: 5550: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5515:King of France 5511: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5488: 5483: 5478:King of France 5474: 5466: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5450:Regnal titles 5447: 5446: 5425: 5418: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5401:External links 5399: 5398: 5397: 5385:10.2307/286306 5364: 5363:Historiography 5361: 5360: 5359: 5350: 5341: 5332: 5314:(3): 529–552. 5301: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5290: 5277: 5271: 5258: 5252: 5237: 5231: 5219:Lever, Évelyne 5215: 5209: 5196: 5186:(4): 446–468. 5180:French History 5175: 5169: 5156: 5143: 5132: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5093: 5073: 5047: 5025: 5010: 4989: 4941: 4914: 4897: 4871: 4859: 4847: 4845:, p. 110. 4835: 4833:, p. 537. 4823: 4821:, p. 109. 4811: 4809:, p. 108. 4799: 4797:, p. 287. 4787: 4785:, p. 194. 4775: 4760: 4748: 4736: 4724: 4712: 4700: 4698:, p. 427. 4688: 4686:, p. 426. 4676: 4674:, p. 425. 4664: 4662:, p. 424. 4652: 4640: 4638:, p. 417. 4628: 4601:(1): 167–175. 4581: 4556: 4554:, p. 266. 4544: 4542:, p. 261. 4532: 4530:, p. 260. 4520: 4508: 4496: 4481: 4479:, p. 256. 4469: 4467:, p. 255. 4457: 4455:, p. 254. 4445: 4443:, p. 127. 4433: 4431:, p. 253. 4421: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4361: 4359:, p. 222. 4349: 4337: 4335:, p. 197. 4325: 4323:, p. 196. 4313: 4311:, p. 192. 4301: 4299:, p. 190. 4289: 4277: 4265: 4253: 4241: 4229: 4227:, p. 176. 4217: 4215:, p. 175. 4205: 4203:, p. 113. 4193: 4181: 4166: 4164:, p. 143. 4154: 4152:, p. 162. 4142: 4140:, p. 147. 4130: 4128:, p. 241. 4118: 4116:, p. 243. 4106: 4104:, p. 235. 4094: 4082: 4080:, p. 119. 4070: 4058: 4046: 4044:, p. 223. 4034: 4032:, p. 222. 4022: 4020:, p. 220. 4010: 3998: 3966: 3964:, p. 128. 3954: 3952:, p. 208. 3942: 3930: 3928:, p. 213. 3915: 3913:, p. 206. 3903: 3901:, p. 216. 3888: 3886:, p. 201. 3876: 3874:, p. 203. 3861: 3859:, p. 190. 3846: 3844:, p. 165. 3834: 3832:, p. 136. 3822: 3820:, p. 180. 3810: 3808:, p. 118. 3798: 3786: 3784:, p. 113. 3774: 3772:, p. 412. 3762: 3760:, p. 383. 3750: 3738: 3736:, p. 357. 3726: 3724:, p. 342. 3714: 3712:, p. 340. 3702: 3690: 3688:, p. 338. 3678: 3669:Lever, Évelyne 3660: 3648: 3646:, p. 326. 3636: 3624: 3612: 3610:, p. 329. 3600: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3526:, p. 178. 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3442:, p. 201. 3432: 3430:, p. 199. 3420: 3413: 3395: 3383: 3371: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3333:, p. 111. 3320: 3318:, p. 120. 3308: 3306:, p. 115. 3296: 3294:, p. 114. 3284: 3269: 3257: 3242: 3227: 3215: 3197: 3182: 3170: 3155: 3153:, p. 532. 3140: 3125: 3113: 3091: 3076:Chisholm, Hugh 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3035: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3007: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2490: 2472: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2444: 2423: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2380: 2379: 2368:United Kingdom 2356: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2326:Knight of the 2324: 2316:Knight of the 2311:Russian Empire 2300: 2299: 2298: 2296:31 August 1815 2288: 2280:Knight of the 2265: 2245: 2224: 2222:31 August 1815 2203: 2202: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2169:Knight of the 2152: 2149: 2094: 2091: 2066: 2063: 1993:ultra-royalist 1882:a proclamation 1841:, mocking the 1827: 1824: 1740:Main article: 1737: 1734: 1730:Duchy of Lucca 1707:Duchy of Parma 1689: 1688: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1664: 1663: 1582: 1579: 1560:Main article: 1557: 1554: 1546:letters patent 1497:Hartwell House 1477: 1474: 1462:Great Yarmouth 1304:Jelgava Palace 1261:Jelgava Palace 1253: 1250: 1216:The young King 1204:Louis XVI was 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121:in June 1791. 1079:Louis Joseph, 1054:, sparked the 1031:Jacques Necker 1011:Main article: 1008: 1005: 990:Jacques Necker 986:Lit de Justice 961:Lit de justice 765: 762: 750:Antonia Fraser 734:Victor Amadeus 707: 704: 618:Francis Xavier 608:. The name of 597:Fils de France 572: 569: 514:Ultra-royalist 512:headed by the 454:Napoleonic era 406:King of France 389: 388: 381: 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 361: 357: 356: 351: 347: 346: 341: 335: 334: 319: 315: 310: 309: 307: 303: 302: 297: 293: 289: 288: 282:(aged 68) 276: 272: 271: 254: 250: 249: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 229: 225: 224: 220:8 June 1795 – 218: 214: 213: 206: 205: 203: 202: 195: 193: 188: 186: 179: 177: 170: 168: 161: 159: 154: 152: 145: 143: 136: 126: 125: 124: 122: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 91: 87: 86: 82:8 July 1815 – 80: 76: 75: 69: 65: 64: 57: 55:King of France 51: 50: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13670: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13434: 13424: 13422: 13412: 13411: 13408: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13353:Sans-culottes 13349: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13324:Metric system 13322: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13313: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13265: 13264: 13261: 13254: 13250: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13164: 13160: 13159: 13156: 13149: 13145: 13131: 13128: 13124: 13123:Panthéon Club 13121: 13119: 13116: 13115: 13114: 13111: 13110: 13108: 13104: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13012:Joachim Murat 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12938: 12935: 12931: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12826: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12789:Gilbert Romme 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12673: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12611:de Cambacérès 12609: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12595: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12530: 12528: 12527:Madame Roland 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12506: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12464:André Chénier 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12419:Grace Elliott 12417: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12410: 12404: 12399: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12346: 12339: 12335: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12303: 12297: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12273: 12268: 12262: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12245: 12243: 12238: 12232: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12218: 12213: 12207: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12170: 12164: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12106: 12104: 12098: 12096: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12044: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12029: 12019: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11980:Joseph Souham 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11939: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11923:Joachim Murat 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11903:André Masséna 11901: 11899: 11896: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11884: 11881: 11879: 11876: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11702: 11696: 11689: 11685: 11674:(25 Jun 1802) 11672: 11669: 11666:(25 Mar 1802) 11664: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11654: 11645: 11642: 11639:(18 Mar 1801) 11637: 11634: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11608: 11605: 11600: 11597: 11594:(15 Jun 1800) 11592: 11589: 11586:(14 Jun 1800) 11584: 11581: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11572: 11563: 11560: 11557:(15 Aug 1799) 11555: 11552: 11547: 11544: 11539: 11536: 11531: 11528: 11523: 11520: 11517:(25 Mar 1799) 11515: 11512: 11507: 11504: 11499: 11498:Siege of Acre 11496: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11479: 11470: 11469:Peasants' War 11467: 11462: 11459: 11454: 11451: 11446: 11443: 11438: 11435: 11434: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11419:(17 Oct 1797) 11417: 11414: 11411:(18 Apr 1797) 11409: 11406: 11403:(17 Apr 1797) 11401: 11398: 11395:(25 Jan 1797) 11393: 11390: 11385: 11382: 11379:(13 Jan 1797) 11377: 11374: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11361: 11357: 11348: 11345: 11340: 11337: 11332: 11329: 11324: 11321: 11318:(26 Oct 1796) 11316: 11313: 11310:(19 Oct 1796) 11308: 11305: 11300: 11297: 11292: 11289: 11284: 11281: 11278:(24 Aug 1796) 11276: 11273: 11270:(11 Aug 1796) 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11255: 11252: 11247: 11244: 11239: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11227: 11221: 11218: 11213: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11201: 11192: 11189: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11173:(26 Jun 1794) 11171: 11168: 11163: 11160: 11157:(22 May 1794) 11155: 11152: 11149:(18 May 1794) 11147: 11144: 11138: 11135: 11132:(24 Apr 1794) 11130: 11127: 11126: 11124: 11122: 11118: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11098:(13 Oct 1793) 11096: 11093: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11050: 11047: 11044:(23 May 1793) 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11015: 11007: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10946: 10942: 10935: 10931: 10921: 10918: 10915:(24 Dec 1799) 10913: 10910: 10905: 10902: 10899:(18 Jun 1799) 10897: 10894: 10893: 10891: 10887: 10880:(11 May 1798) 10878: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10868: 10859: 10856: 10851: 10848: 10847: 10845: 10841: 10832: 10829: 10824: 10821: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10804: 10801: 10798:(22 Aug 1795) 10796: 10793: 10788: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10771:(11 Nov 1794) 10769: 10766: 10761: 10758: 10755:(28 Jul 1794) 10752: 10749: 10746:(27 Jul 1794) 10744: 10741: 10738:(10 Jun 1794) 10736: 10733: 10728: 10724: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10714: 10705: 10702: 10699:(16 Oct 1793) 10697: 10694: 10691:(17 Sep 1793) 10689: 10686: 10681: 10680: 10676: 10673:(23 Aug 1793) 10671: 10668: 10665:(13 Jul 1793) 10663: 10660: 10655: 10652: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10635: 10632: 10627: 10624: 10621:(21 Jan 1793) 10619: 10616: 10615: 10613: 10609: 10602:(22 Sep 1792) 10600: 10597: 10592: 10589: 10584: 10581: 10578:(10 Aug 1792) 10576: 10573: 10568: 10565: 10562:(25 Jul 1792) 10560: 10557: 10554:(20 Apr 1792) 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10542: 10533: 10530: 10525: 10522: 10519:(27 Aug 1791) 10517: 10514: 10511:(17 Jul 1791) 10509: 10506: 10501: 10498: 10497: 10495: 10491: 10484:(14 Jul 1790) 10482: 10481: 10477: 10474:(12 Jul 1790) 10472: 10469: 10466:(23 Jun 1790) 10464: 10460: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10445: 10436: 10433: 10428: 10425: 10422:(26 Aug 1789) 10420: 10417: 10412: 10409: 10404: 10401: 10398:(14 Jul 1789) 10396: 10393: 10388: 10385: 10382:(20 Jun 1789) 10380: 10377: 10372: 10369: 10366:(4 June 1789) 10364: 10361: 10356: 10353: 10350:(28 Apr 1789) 10348: 10345: 10340: 10339: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10321:(21 Jul 1788) 10319: 10316: 10311: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10301: 10294: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10279: 10277: 10276: 10272: 10270: 10269: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10258: 10256: 10255: 10251: 10249: 10248: 10244: 10242: 10241: 10237: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10228: 10227: 10226:Ancien Régime 10223: 10221: 10220: 10216: 10214: 10213: 10209: 10208: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10189: 10187: 10182: 10180: 10175: 10174: 10171: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10090:Miscellaneous 10088: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9887: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9765:Manuel Lapeña 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9722: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9695:Prince Eugène 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9645:André Masséna 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9625:Joachim Murat 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9612: 9610: 9602: 9599: 9595: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9569:Rocheserviere 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9479: 9475: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9354: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9257:San Sebastián 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9218: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8961: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8818:Sankt Michael 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8733:Teugen-Hausen 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8664: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8482: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8239: 8233: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8036: 8035:client states 8030: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7964: 7960: 7953: 7948: 7946: 7941: 7939: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7918: 7911: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7857: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7845: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7819: 7812: 7808: 7806: 7802: 7800: 7796: 7794: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7725: 7724:Philippe VIII 7721: 7718: 7714: 7712: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7674: 7665: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7606: 7601: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7578: 7577: 7573: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7552: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7483: 7478: 7476: 7471: 7469: 7464: 7463: 7460: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7386: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7320: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7264: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209:Ferdinand III 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7109: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6993:House of Foix 6990: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777:Jimeno Garcés 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6754:Fortún Garcés 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6715: 6713: 6708: 6706: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6622: 6621: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6221:Childeric III 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186:Theuderic III 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6151:Childebert II 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6065: 6060: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6042: 6031: 6030: 6021: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898:King Louis XV 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5748: 5747:Son of France 5743: 5742: 5735: 5731: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5686: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5643: 5632: 5631: 5630: 5623: 5617: 5616:Loss of title 5613: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5592: 5585: 5579: 5576:Royal titles 5574: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5556: 5555: 5554:Duke of Anjou 5549: 5548: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5517: 5516: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5423: 5422: 5413: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5356: 5351: 5347: 5342: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5303: 5293: 5287: 5284:. Pan Books. 5283: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5253:0-7509-2217-6 5249: 5245: 5244: 5238: 5234: 5232:2-2130-1545-7 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5148:History Today 5144: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5014: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4993: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4901: 4885: 4884: 4875: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4758:, p. 98. 4757: 4752: 4746:, p. 94. 4745: 4740: 4734:, p. 93. 4733: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4710:, p. 89. 4709: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4661: 4656: 4650:, p. 84. 4649: 4644: 4637: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4473: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4437: 4430: 4425: 4419:, p. 83. 4418: 4413: 4406: 4401: 4395:, p. 81. 4394: 4389: 4383:, p. 80. 4382: 4377: 4371:, p. 79. 4370: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4347:, p. 75. 4346: 4341: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4298: 4293: 4287:, p. 69. 4286: 4281: 4275:, p. 55. 4274: 4269: 4263:, p. 54. 4262: 4257: 4251:, p. 53. 4250: 4245: 4239:, p. 52. 4238: 4233: 4226: 4221: 4214: 4209: 4202: 4197: 4190: 4185: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4031: 4026: 4019: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3994: 3988: 3980: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3920: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3895: 3893: 3885: 3880: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3778: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3700:, p. 65. 3699: 3694: 3687: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3640: 3634:, p. 44. 3633: 3628: 3622:, p. 45. 3621: 3616: 3609: 3604: 3598:, p. 44. 3597: 3592: 3586:, p. 40. 3585: 3580: 3574:, p. 39. 3573: 3568: 3562:, p. 41. 3561: 3556: 3550:, p. 40. 3549: 3544: 3538:, p. 38. 3537: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3514:, p. 34. 3513: 3508: 3502:, p. 29. 3501: 3496: 3490:, p. 30. 3489: 3484: 3478:, p. 28. 3477: 3472: 3465: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3416: 3414:2-262-00035-2 3410: 3406: 3405:Madame Royale 3399: 3393:, p. 21. 3392: 3387: 3381:, p. 16. 3380: 3375: 3369:, p. 43. 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3261: 3255:, p. 24. 3254: 3249: 3247: 3240:, p. 20. 3239: 3234: 3232: 3225:, p. 12. 3224: 3219: 3211: 3210: 3201: 3195:, p. 11. 3194: 3189: 3187: 3180:, p. 41. 3179: 3174: 3168:, p. 10. 3167: 3162: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3122: 3117: 3101: 3095: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3071:public domain 3058: 3054: 3039: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2759: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2612: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2527: 2526: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 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1900: 1899:privy council 1894: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1805:French Empire 1802: 1799:, halting in 1798: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777:Marshal Soult 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1718: 1716: 1715:Joachim Murat 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1550:French Senate 1547: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:Gosfield Hall 1486: 1482: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1466:Gosfield Hall 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1442: 1441:Ancien Régime 1435: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389:South Prussia 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1330: 1324: 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When the 398:the Desired 394:Louis XVIII 374:Catholicism 239:Predecessor 233:8 July 1815 200:(1821–1824) 191:(1820–1821) 184:(1819–1820) 175:(1818–1819) 166:(1815–1818) 150:(1814–1815) 90:Predecessor 47: 1814 31:Louis XVIII 13457:Categories 13118:Cordeliers 13032:Talleyrand 12957:Louis XVII 12819:Hébertists 12573:Jean Debry 12403:Feuillants 12032:Opposition 11928:Michel Ney 11350:(Dec 1796) 10958:Thionville 10861:(Dec 1797) 10834:(May 1796) 10826:5 Oct 1795 10803:Directoire 10683:(painting) 10586:(Sep 1792) 10570:(Jun 1792) 10403:Great Fear 10342:(Jan 1789) 10233:Revolution 10107:Casualties 10021:Schönbrunn 9996:Artlenburg 9745:John Moore 9650:Michel Ney 9519:Scapezzano 9509:Cesenatico 9453:Montmartre 9383:Montmirail 9317:Wartenburg 9272:Großbeeren 9131:Gorodechno 9121:Klyastitsy 9101:Saltanovka 8990:Casal Novo 8863:Hollabrunn 8848:Korneuburg 8642:Somosierra 8546:Copenhagen 8369:Austerlitz 8359:Dürenstein 8095:Westphalia 8038:and allies 7832:Napoléon I 7830:1814 1815 7799:Jacques II 7793:Alphonse I 7775:Charles XI 7685:Legitimist 7647:Louis XVII 7309:Charles IV 7214:Isabella I 7199:Charles VI 7184:Philip VII 7145:Charles IV 6977:Blanche II 6970:Charles IV 6936:Charles II 6931:Philip III 6855:Theobald I 6837:Sancho VII 6797:Sancho III 6583:Napoleon I 6563:Louis XVII 6542:Louis XIII 6488:Charles IX 6483:Francis II 6448:Charles VI 6414:Charles IV 6389:Philip III 6379:Louis VIII 6344:Hugh Capet 6337:(987–1328) 6270:Charles II 6254:Carloman I 6236:Robertians 6161:Dagobert I 6146:Sigebert I 6126:Chlothar I 5658:Louis XVII 5595:1774–1793 5507:as emperor 5492:as emperor 5490:Napoleon I 5462:as emperor 5460:Napoleon I 5088:, London, 4867:Nagel 2008 4855:Nagel 2008 4843:Price 2008 4831:Lever 1988 4819:Price 2008 4807:Price 2008 4795:Nagel 2008 4771:Price 2008 4756:Price 2008 4744:Price 2008 4732:Price 2008 4720:Price 2008 4708:Price 2008 4648:Price 2008 4636:Lever 1988 4417:Price 2008 4405:Price 2008 4393:Price 2008 4381:Price 2008 4369:Price 2008 4345:Price 2008 4285:Price 2008 4273:Price 2008 4261:Price 2008 4249:Price 2008 4237:Price 2008 4201:Price 2008 4189:Fenby 2015 4162:Price 2008 4126:Nagel 2008 4114:Nagel 2008 4102:Nagel 2008 4090:Nagel 2008 4066:Nagel 2008 4054:Nagel 2008 4042:Nagel 2008 4030:Nagel 2008 4018:Nagel 2008 4006:Nagel 2008 3950:Nagel 2008 3938:Nagel 2008 3926:Nagel 2008 3911:Nagel 2008 3899:Nagel 2008 3884:Nagel 2008 3872:Nagel 2008 3857:Nagel 2008 3842:Nagel 2008 3830:Nagel 2008 3806:Nagel 2008 3794:Nagel 2008 3782:Nagel 2008 3698:Nagel 2008 3136:Nagel 2008 3050:References 2480:(b. 1757) 2453:Louis XVII 2390:Succession 1456:bound for 1163:, was the 946:, but the 894:Parc Balbi 497:absolutist 447:Louis XVII 261:1755-11-17 243:Louis XVII 228:2nd tenure 222:3 May 1814 217:1st tenure 211:(claimant) 94:Napoleon I 13421:Biography 12952:Louis XVI 12947:Charles X 12598:The Plain 12509:Girondins 12449:Lafayette 12110:(Walloon) 12092:Pál Kray 12068:(Walloon) 11610:(1800–02) 11461:Quasi-War 10920:Consulate 10806:(1795–99) 10261:Consulate 10254:Directory 10071:Casalanza 10046:Tauroggen 10001:Pressburg 9986:Lunéville 9891:conflicts 9724:Coalition 9574:La Suffel 9524:Tolentino 9408:Montereau 9393:Vauchamps 9342:Bornhöved 9297:Dennewitz 9242:Tarragona 9191:Chashniki 9091:Salamanca 9015:Tarragona 8939:Barquilla 8893:Almonacid 8853:Stockerau 8823:Stralsund 8793:2nd Porto 8773:Ebelsberg 8743:Abensberg 8713:1st Porto 8673:Castellón 8657:Benavente 8622:Valmaseda 8536:Friedland 8531:Heilsberg 8501:Ostrołęka 8491:Mohrungen 8425:Magdeburg 8354:Amstetten 8339:Trafalgar 8324:Elchingen 8309:Wertingen 8207:Brunswick 8132:Coalition 7901:present ( 7781:Jacques I 7742:Henri VII 7705:Louis XIX 7699:Charles X 7655:1814 1815 7641:Louis XVI 7299:Louis III 7165:Charles V 7160:Philip VI 7150:Philip IV 7102:Charles V 7082:Louis III 7072:Henry III 7006:Catherine 6946:Blanche I 6908:Charles I 6903:Philip II 6832:Sancho VI 6822:Alfonso I 6807:Sancho IV 6787:Sancho II 6620:Louis XIX 6614:Charles X 6557:Louis XVI 6547:Louis XIV 6493:Henry III 6473:Francis I 6468:Louis XII 6443:Charles V 6433:Philip VI 6394:Philip IV 6374:Philip II 6369:Louis VII 6349:Robert II 6280:Louis III 6242:(751–987) 6191:Clovis IV 6171:Clovis II 6109:(509–751) 5525:Charles X 5471:Louis XVI 5348:. Morrow. 4972:0873-1330 4623:144649560 4615:0260-6755 4516:Artz 1931 4441:Artz 1938 3987:cite book 3981:. Warsaw. 3673:Louis XVI 3106:12 August 2520:Ancestors 2506:(b. 1820) 2489:(b. 1775) 2432:Louis XVI 2051:tabatière 2043:Zoé Talon 2030:Salic law 2026:Dieudonné 1458:Stockholm 1420:Edinburgh 1405:Louis XVI 1373:Languedoc 1294:In 1798, 1275:with her 1252:1796–1807 1248:in 1796. 1224:Salic law 970:Parlement 966:Parlement 952:Parlement 948:Parlement 944:parlement 940:parlement 935:Parlement 888:In 1780, 867:Salic Law 629:Louis XVI 536:Charles X 429:Louis XVI 402:le Désiré 400:(French: 380:Signature 111:Charles X 107:Successor 79:2nd reign 68:1st reign 13445:Monarchy 13312:Panthéon 13300:Muscadin 13295:Marianne 13234:Voltaire 13113:Jacobins 13106:Factions 12646:Mirabeau 12102:(French) 10996:Jemappes 10980:Dauphiné 10463:Nobility 10275:Journals 10268:Glossary 10247:Republic 10219:Timeline 10142:Uniforms 10056:Chaumont 9974:Treaties 9675:Joseph I 9615:Napoleon 9559:Waterloo 9499:Casaglia 9463:Toulouse 9347:Sehested 9322:Bidassoa 9302:2nd Kulm 9287:1st Kulm 9277:Katzbach 9267:Sorauren 9262:Pyrenees 9227:Castalla 9211:Berezina 9201:Smoliani 9171:Tarutino 9156:Borodino 9146:Valutino 9136:Smolensk 9106:Ostrovno 9076:Maguilla 9040:Valencia 9030:Saguntum 8878:Talavera 8758:Ratisbon 8748:Landshut 8723:Bergisel 8718:Medellín 8632:Espinosa 8592:Valencia 8465:Czarnowo 8435:Pasewalk 8430:Prenzlau 8405:Saalfeld 8344:Caldiero 8314:Günzburg 8192:Sardinia 8167:Portugal 7903:disputed 7811:Louis XX 7769:Jean III 7736:Henri VI 7730:Jean III 7569:Emmanuel 7536:Philippe 7402:Philippe 7369:Philippe 7359:Philippe 7349:François 7332:of Anjou 7330:Appanage 7294:Louis II 7189:Louis II 7155:Philip V 7126:Joan III 7097:Louis VI 7087:Louis IV 7077:Louis II 7048:Joan III 7043:Henry II 7024:John III 6888:Philip I 6812:Sancho V 6772:Sancho I 6726:Monarchs 6552:Louis XV 6537:Henry IV 6478:Henry II 6458:Louis XI 6409:Philip V 6384:Louis IX 6364:Louis VI 6359:Philip I 6315:Louis IV 6305:Robert I 6275:Louis II 6240:Bosonids 6116:Clovis I 5741:Henri IV 5591:Monsieur 5547:Philippe 5221:(1988). 5067:17 March 4982:17 March 4934:24 March 4911:AllMovie 4890:21 April 3671:(1985). 3009:See also 2144:Napoleon 2103:Waterloo 2075:gangrene 1988:francs. 1308:Courland 1277:Habsburg 1175:and the 978:Burgundy 974:Brittany 848:Victoire 844:Adélaïde 836:Sardinia 828:Chambéry 824:Clotilde 809:appanage 801:Monsieur 796:smallpox 706:Marriage 474:Napoleon 416:and the 370:Religion 270:, France 129:See list 13407:Portals 13194:Diderot 12940:Figures 12825:Enragés 12531:Father 12242:Prussia 12174:Britain 12123:(Saxon) 12081:(Swiss) 12048:Austria 9889:Related 9468:Bayonne 9433:Craonne 9403:Mormant 9363:Brienne 9337:Nivelle 9327:Leipzig 9282:Dresden 9252:Vitoria 9237:Bautzen 9206:Krasnoi 9151:Mesoten 9111:Vitebsk 9071:Almaraz 9061:Badajoz 9020:Albuera 9005:Almeida 9000:Sabugal 8985:Redinha 8975:Barrosa 8954:Bussaco 8949:Almeida 8929:Astorga 8898:Tamames 8858:Gefrees 8813:Alcañiz 8753:Eckmühl 8683:Corunna 8652:Sahagún 8617:Zornoza 8612:Vimeiro 8582:Cabezón 8506:Kolberg 8475:Pułtusk 8470:Golymin 8460:Hamelin 8440:Stettin 8400:Schleiz 8245:Prelude 8237:battles 8212:Hanover 8157:Prussia 8147:Austria 8085:Bavaria 8065:Etruria 8060:Holland 8032:France, 8025:gerents 7877:/ 1891 7813:present 7750:present 7748:Jean IV 7711:Henri V 7518:César, 7508:Antoine 7503:Charles 7422:Alfonso 7289:Louis I 7232:. Also 7228:. 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