299:
1017:
576:
6975:
452:, who was romantically linked with Marie Antoinette, was the father of her son. The fact that Louis Charles was born exactly nine months after he returned to court was noted, but this theory was debunked by most scholars, who reject it, observing that the time of his conception corresponded to a time that Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had spent a lot of time together. The king wrote in his diary about the birth as "when my son was born". Marie Antoinette reportedly retained her charisma after her pregnancies, cutting an imposing figure in her court. She was said to have many admirers, but remained a faithful, strong-willed wife and a stern but ultimately loving mother.
6910:
6842:
848:
1016:
3573:
378:
3196:
8163:
8154:
6716:
772:
6374:
142:
726:
643:, wrote in her memoires about the "monster Simon", as did Alcide Beauchesne. Antoine Simon's wife Marie-Jeanne, in fact, took great care of the child's person. Stories survive narrating how he was encouraged to eat and drink to excess and learned the language of the gutter. The foreign secretaries of Britain and Spain also heard accounts from their spies that the boy was raped by prostitutes in order to infect him with venereal diseases to supply the
1752:
22:
6940:
6885:
1177:, saying of the portrait that it had "haunted me, day, and night, as long as I can remember." Simon was rumored to have physically abused the Dauphin while he was imprisoned at the Temple. Francis Vinton was convinced by Eleazar William's reaction that Williams was Louis-Charles. Williams claimed he had no recollection of how he escaped his imprisonment at the Temple, or of his early years in France.
1188:, met him, and after some conversation asked him to sign a document abdicating his rights in favor of Louis-Philippe, in return for which he, the Dauphin (alias Eleazar Williams), was to receive the private inheritance which was his. This Eleazar Williams refused. Williams's story is generally regarded as false. However, other elements published in 1897 provide some grounds for doubt.
1673:
693:, making ascertaining of the facts impossible. Two days after the departure of the Simons, Louis-Charles is said by the Restoration historians to have been put in a dark room that was barricaded like the cage of a wild animal. The story recounts that food was passed through the bars to the boy, who survived despite the accumulated filth of his surroundings.
1142:'s tale that Jeanne Simon, who was genuinely attached to him, smuggled him out in a basket, is simple and more credible, and does not necessarily invalidate the story of the subsequent operations with the deaf mute and the scrofulous patient, Laurent in that case being deceived from the beginning, but it renders them extremely unlikely. Richemont, alias
707:(27 July 1794). Barras's account of the visit describes the child as suffering from extreme neglect, but conveys no idea of the alleged walling-in. The boy made no complaint to Barras of any ill treatment. He was then cleaned and re-clothed. His room was cleaned, and during the day he was visited by his new attendant,
736:
Louis-Charles was then taken out for fresh air and walks on the roof of the Tower. From about the time of Gomin's arrival, he was inspected, not by delegates of the
Commune, but by representatives of the civil committee of the 48 sections of Paris. From the end of October onward, the child maintained
475:
The family lived a secluded life, and Marie
Antoinette dedicated most of her time to her two children under the daily surveillance of the national guards who kept her hands behind her back and searched everybody from the Queen to the children to see if any letters were smuggled to the prisoner. In
1091:
in the event of a restoration. The
Dauphin was concealed in the fourth storey of the Tower, a wooden figure being substituted for him. Laurent, to protect himself from the consequences of the substitution, replaced the wooden figure with a deaf mute, who was presently exchanged for the scrofulous
1000:
on 8 June 2004. The burial took place in connection with a mass and during the ceremony 12-year-old Prince Amaury of
Bourbon-Parma carried the heart and placed it in a niche beside the tombs of Louis-Charles' parents, Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. It was the first time in over a century that a
1123:
on 10 August 1845, and his tomb was inscribed "Louis XVII., roi de France et de
Navarre (Charles Louis, duc de Normandie)". The Dutch authorities who had inscribed on his death certificate the name of Charles Louis de Bourbon, duc de Normandie (Louis XVII) permitted his son to bear the name de
932:. There it rested undisturbed until December 1999, when public notaries witnessed the removal of a section of the muscle of the heart's aorta and its transfer into a sealed envelope, and subsequently the opening of the same sealed envelope in the laboratory for it to be tested.
863:. Thus, Louis-Charles' heart was not interred with the rest of the body. Dr. Pelletan stored the smuggled heart in distilled wine in order to preserve it. However, after 8 to 10 years the distilled wine had evaporated, and the heart was from that time kept dry.
805:
Louis-Charles died on 8 June 1795. The next day an autopsy was conducted by
Pelletan. In the report it was stated that a child apparently about 10 years of age, "which the commissioners told us was the late Louis Capet's son", had died of a
1111:. He was imprisoned from 1825 to 1828 for coining, though apparently on insufficient evidence, and in 1833 came to push his claims in Paris, where he was recognized as the Dauphin by many persons formerly connected with the court of
444:; in other words, for seven years. During these seven years, she never left him, she cradled him, took care of him, dressed him, comforted him, and scolded him. Many times, more than Marie Antoinette, she was a true mother for him".
832:. During the autopsy, the physician Dr. Pelletan was shocked to see the countless scars which covered the boy's body, evidently the result of the physical mistreatment which the child had suffered while imprisoned in the Temple.
471:
who did not spare any humiliation to the family; at that time Marie
Antoinette was always surrounded by guards, even in her bedroom at night and these guards were present when the Queen was allowed to see her children.
545:
on 21 September 1792. At the death of his father on 21 January 1793, royalists and foreign powers intent on restoring the monarchy held him to be the new king of France, with the title of Louis XVII. From his exile in
1092:
child of the death certificate. The deaf mute was also concealed in the Temple. It was not the dead child, but the
Dauphin who left the prison in the coffin, to be retrieved by friends before it reached the cemetery.
737:
silence, explained by
Laurent as a determination taken on the day he made his deposition against his mother. On 19 December 1794, he was visited by three commissioners from the Committee of Public Safety —
890:, Pelletan's son Philippe-Gabriel found the relic among the ruins and placed it in the crystal urn in which it is still kept today. After the younger Pelletan's death in 1879, it passed to Édouard Dumont.
419:
As customary in royal families, Louis-Charles was cared for by multiple people. Queen Marie
Antoinette appointed governesses to look after all three of her children. Louis-Charles' original governess was
8062:
3508:
2045:
839:, but no stone was erected to mark the spot. A skull was found there in 1846 and identified as his, though later re-examination in 1893 showed it to be from a teenager and therefore unlikely to be his.
598:
1906:
1023:
5376:
8542:
7039:
1064:
As rumors quickly spread that the body buried was not that of Louis-Charles and that he had been spirited away alive by sympathizers, the legend of the "Lost Dauphin" was born. When the
3503:
6738:
689:, after securing a receipt for the safe transfer of their ward, who was declared to be in good health. A large part of the Temple records from that time onward disappeared under the
982:
and her brother, Prince André of Bourbon-Parma, maternal relatives of Louis XVII. The tests proved both that Naundorff was not the dauphin, and the heart was that of Louis-Charles.
708:
794:, who had visited him seven months earlier, was summoned. However, on 1 June, Desault himself died suddenly, not without suspicion of poison, and it was some days before doctors
928:
in Paris. He in turn put the heart and its crystal urn in the basilica's necropolis of the Kings of France, the burial place of Louis-Charles's parents and other members of the
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298:
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1641:
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Bourbon, and when the family appealed in 1850–51, and again in 1874, for the restitution of their civil rights as heirs of Louis XVI, no less an advocate than
648:
424:, Duchess of Polignac, who left France on the night of 16–17 July 1789, at the outbreak of the Revolution, at the urging of Louis XVI. She was replaced by the
8392:
8178:
6979:
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673:
and others visited the boy and secured his signature to charges of sexual molestation against his mother and his aunt. The next day he met his elder sister
7769:
1653:
8527:
8001:
5091:
3678:
1384:
753:
8462:
7391:
6292:
6247:
6154:
6101:
6032:
5902:
5876:
5793:
5690:
5617:
4092:
1627:
1458:
4239:
780:
8482:
4449:
1476:
484:, but the attempt failed. After the family was recognized, they were brought back to Paris. When the Tuileries Palace was stormed by an armed mob on
7699:
4592:
6927:
1595:
874:; the latter refused because he could not bring himself to believe that it was the heart of his nephew. Dr. Pelletan then donated the heart to the
8492:
6987:
2288:
1983:
1402:
1302:
8477:
6780:
1540:
1623:
639:. The tales told by royalist writers of the cruelty inflicted by Simon and his wife on the child have not been proved. Louis Charles' sister,
8092:
2434:
1284:
967:
542:
404:, Queen of Naples and Sicily, who was known as Charlotte in the family, Charles being the masculine version of her name. His younger sister,
7126:
1095:
Naundorff arrived in Berlin in 1810, with papers giving the name Karl Wilhelm Naundorff. He said he was escaping persecution and settled at
6922:
4123:
3978:
3468:
2472:
1619:
7318:
7260:
7049:
5135:
4863:
3127:
989:
wrote: "This heart is ... almost certainly that of Louis XVII. We can never be 100 per cent sure but this is about as sure as it gets".
4577:
1773:
1116:
640:
603:
7749:
7106:
6445:
2068:
658:
of the physical torment of the child are not supported by any testimony, though he was at this time seen by a great number of people.
8537:
8276:
6872:
405:
7704:
7156:
7059:
4046:
361:
and since Louis-Charles was imprisoned and died in captivity in June 1795, he never actually ruled. Nevertheless, in 1814 after the
8547:
8085:
5326:
4403:
4326:
4321:
4171:
3625:
3332:
8364:
7283:
4954:
1048:
586:
8442:
8052:
7121:
7034:
6495:
4459:
4262:
4257:
3671:
3615:
3353:
3315:
3299:
3294:
2496:
1686:
575:
537:. Under the new constitution, the heir-apparent to the throne of France, formerly referred to as the "Dauphin", was restyled the
499:. At first, their conditions were not extremely harsh, but they were prisoners and were re-styled as the "Capets" by the newborn
6690:
1068:
in 1814, some one hundred claimants came forward. Would-be royal heirs continued to appear across Europe for decades afterward.
8487:
7960:
7734:
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4398:
4219:
4041:
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8225:
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6862:
6801:
6759:
6590:
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4013:
3865:
2256:
1891:
1166:
350:
7764:
7308:
6816:
5368:
8497:
7225:
6642:
6535:
5459:
1911:
971:
6515:
4113:
3968:
1997:
8517:
7739:
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6867:
6019:
5780:
5035:
4393:
4331:
3744:
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86:
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8213:
8194:
8153:
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790:
was appointed to be the child's guardian in place of Laurent. In May that year the boy was seriously ill, and a doctor,
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58:
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644:
105:
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5143:
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4759:
4433:
4423:
3998:
3461:
3404:
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946:
of the heart as well as bone samples from one of the many historical claimants to Louis-Charles's identity, namely
382:
7861:
7649:
7576:
4306:
4133:
3988:
699:
visited Marie-Thérèse on 11 May, but no one, according to the legend, entered the boy's room for six months until
65:
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8452:
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7511:
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4912:
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1044:
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534:
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323:
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3251:
2095:
8522:
8288:
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7416:
6109:
5247:
5099:
3810:
2491:
1414:
1396:
1378:
1342:
1278:
1208:
955:
897:
in 1895, a pretender to the throne of France and Spain, nephew (both biological and in-law) of the Archduchess
749:
456:
43:
7044:
4166:
3947:
3885:
3215:
1087:, the future empress, having conceived the idea of using the Dauphin's existence as a means of dominating the
245:
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8042:
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5884:
5863:
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5721:
5584:
5319:
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5204:
4646:
4520:
4118:
3973:
3552:
1065:
867:
690:
489:
485:
441:
425:
362:
6475:
6465:
5152:
4388:
4181:
72:
8507:
7754:
7441:
7338:
6829:
6806:
6751:
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5467:
5399:
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4161:
1614:
1526:
730:
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547:
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5549:
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3993:
1169:
descent. While at the house Francis Vinton, William began shaking and trembling upon seeing a portrait of
879:
8457:
7856:
7481:
7376:
7255:
7235:
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6395:
6162:
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5708:
5196:
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2458:
2319:
2124:
1926:
Louis XVII: His Life, His Suffering, His Death, the Captivity of the Royal Family in the Temple, Volume 1
593:
Immediately following Louis XVI's execution, plots were hatched for the escape of the prisoners from the
530:
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339:
39:
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7679:
7531:
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1084:
621:
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7991:
7546:
6525:
5749:
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5530:
5314:
5223:
5010:
4849:
4229:
4156:
3113:
1703:
1602:
1577:
836:
636:
54:
8368:
7526:
7288:
6420:
4003:
3870:
3759:
3185:
1348:
440:"Madame de Rambaud was officially in charge of the care of the prince from the day of his birth until
8300:
8006:
7591:
7323:
7166:
7021:
6824:
6387:
6263:
6186:
6064:
6048:
4464:
4296:
3358:
859:, Louis-Charles's heart was removed and smuggled out during the autopsy by the overseeing physician,
401:
8378:
7901:
7446:
7278:
7054:
6435:
1330:
8532:
8502:
8200:
7714:
7561:
7516:
6846:
6841:
6585:
6415:
6405:
6218:
6202:
6080:
5995:
5842:
5826:
5729:
5503:
5067:
4789:
4512:
3420:
3037:
1100:
1079:
was a German clockmaker whose story rested on a series of complicated intrigues. According to him,
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7141:
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6141:
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4031:
3818:
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3267:
2506:
2421:
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1965:
653:
468:
32:
7571:
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6520:
2174:
847:
7356:
7189:
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6485:
6470:
6343:
6210:
6088:
5834:
5754:
5423:
5298:
5290:
5180:
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4087:
3536:
3518:
3513:
2873:
2501:
1728:
1514:
1224:
1076:
947:
921:
894:
860:
799:
795:
696:
551:
346:
6300:
4489:
8112:
8077:
7896:
7210:
7161:
7096:
6627:
6510:
6500:
6378:
6373:
6271:
6226:
5979:
5926:
5744:
5734:
5673:
5663:
5658:
5415:
5271:
4919:
4507:
4301:
4283:
4151:
3523:
2863:
2442:
1552:
979:
910:
704:
500:
358:
232:
5955:
1119:
for the restitution of the Dauphin's private property, he lived in exile until his death at
951:
8437:
8432:
8350:
8237:
7835:
7709:
7471:
7293:
7215:
7064:
6672:
6662:
6455:
6170:
5987:
5934:
5739:
5522:
4413:
4288:
4108:
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3599:
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3236:
2898:
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1720:
997:
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825:
758:
421:
389:
208:
7151:
6632:
6550:
5703:
5648:
4372:
2111:
1104:
503:. On 11 December, at the beginning of his trial, Louis XVI was separated from his family.
8:
8427:
8248:
8188:
7911:
7841:
7689:
7619:
7476:
7456:
7421:
7396:
7328:
7029:
6555:
5939:
5818:
5576:
5488:
5263:
5255:
5231:
4990:
4712:
4479:
3749:
3723:
3493:
3373:
3024:
2927:
2903:
2883:
2853:
2843:
2804:
2784:
2779:
2759:
2690:
2685:
2641:
2517:
2407:
1809:
1712:
1181:
978:, and two living direct descendants in the strict maternal line of Maria Theresa, namely
913:, inherited the heart, and gave it to his sister, Beatriz de Borbón (1874–1961), wife of
875:
609:
467:, where they spent the next three years as prisoners under the daily surveillance of the
315:
7596:
7551:
3572:
3048:
785:
377:
79:
7371:
7136:
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6316:
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6003:
5963:
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5668:
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5407:
5351:
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5172:
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3718:
3700:
3557:
3147:
3074:
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2914:
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2769:
2725:
2715:
2710:
1590:
1425:
1139:
662:
481:
7719:
7536:
7298:
7171:
6728:
6682:
5019:
2093:"The mtDNA and its role in Ancestry: Part XIV (Descendents of Maria-Theresa)" Genebase
810:
infection of long standing. "Scrofula" as it was previously known, is nowadays called
8120:
7948:
7881:
7871:
7851:
6957:
6255:
6194:
6178:
5971:
5051:
4905:
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3477:
3272:
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2735:
2730:
2720:
2380:
2252:
2227:
2219:
2211:
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2150:
2037:
1977:
1929:
1887:
1724:
1698:
1658:
1646:
1484:
1466:
1448:
1430:
1420:
1410:
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1374:
1356:
1338:
1320:
1292:
1274:
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1234:
1213:
959:
906:
526:
480:, as a playmate. On 21 June 1791, the family tried to escape in what is known as the
429:
409:
331:
327:
212:
132:
7506:
7205:
5495:
5395:
5342:
2282:
2234:, paperback reprint). (Note that subtitles vary in different editions of the book.)
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8016:
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963:
939:
929:
613:
518:
460:
397:
319:
277:
259:
7795:
4898:
1131:
However, DNA testing conducted in 1993 proved that Naundorff was not the Dauphin.
771:
8339:
7941:
7729:
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6720:
6715:
6617:
6540:
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3485:
2834:
2700:
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1881:
1707:
1706:, boy claimant to the English throne; alleged to have been murdered by his uncle
1582:
1547:
1312:
1264:
1244:
883:
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1099:
in 1812 as a clockmaker, marrying Johanna Einert in 1818. In 1822 he removed to
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7759:
7581:
7361:
7081:
6944:
6939:
6889:
6884:
6704:
5892:
5126:
4831:
Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.
3159:
3153:
2745:
2606:
2200:
The Lost King of France: Revolution, Revenge and the Search for Louis XVII
2142:
2001:
1690:
1507:
914:
647:
with manufactured "evidence" against the Queen. However, the scenes related by
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513:
496:
354:
228:
152:
627:
On 3 July, Louis-Charles was separated from his mother and put in the care of
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7996:
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6652:
6595:
3834:
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2561:
2041:
1768:
1758:
1535:
1249:
1174:
1170:
1163:
975:
817:
791:
686:
628:
594:
335:
7491:
2237:
2029:"Tragic French boy king's heart finds a final resting place after 209 years"
870:
in 1815, Dr. Pelletan attempted to give the heart to Louis-Charles's uncle,
8345:
8282:
8032:
7977:
7891:
7846:
7674:
7556:
7348:
6505:
6490:
6460:
3083:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2591:
2586:
2531:
1440:
1056:
1002:
917:, and in 1938, to their daughter Maria della Neve, wife of Charles Piercy.
856:
829:
725:
433:
141:
8406:
1180:
Williams was a missionary to Native Americans when, according to him, the
349:
on 21 January 1793, during the middle period of the French Revolution, he
8327:
8311:
8174:
8142:
7886:
7744:
7634:
7411:
7381:
6530:
5850:
5643:
4671:
4635:
4474:
3368:
3019:
2999:
2695:
2669:
2621:
2576:
2566:
2551:
2541:
2262:
Alcide Beauchesne "Louis 17. Sa vie, martyr et agonie" 1852. Plon. Paris.
1366:
1125:
1088:
1080:
993:
986:
943:
871:
722:. From 8 November onward, Laurent had assistance from a man named Gomin.
700:
617:
555:
366:
287:
183:
7984:
7790:
7245:
6600:
5075:
3908:
3739:
3589:
3175:
2952:
2754:
2664:
2646:
2571:
2556:
2536:
1777:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 45.
1694:
1203:
1047:
is on the right pointing into an empty cradle; the cradle used to show
821:
807:
719:
632:
7497:
4634:
Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future
1115:. Expelled from France in 1836, the day after bringing a suit against
8130:
7624:
7270:
7181:
6764:
6133:
4543:
4469:
4069:
3942:
3880:
3630:
3594:
3446:
3363:
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2967:
2957:
2878:
2601:
2581:
2450:
2398:
2092:
1317:
The Lost King of France: A true story of revolution, revenge, and DNA
1159:
1146:, began to put forward his claims in Paris in 1828. He died in 1853.
1112:
936:
393:
173:
4841:
3105:
21:
8321:
7972:
7967:
7906:
7785:
7659:
6425:
4822:
4354:
4267:
3656:
3620:
3528:
3304:
2993:
2962:
2868:
2650:
2526:
326:, died in June 1789, a little over a month before the start of the
4969:
1757:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
495:
On 13 August, the royal family was imprisoned in the tower of the
400:. He was named after his father and his mother's favourite sister
4816:
2546:
1861:
1096:
254:
2291:(1823 English translation of a slightly redacted French edition)
2251:'Live Free or Die' (historical thriller novel) by Dominic Lagan
851:
Heart of Louis XVII inside a crystal urn, now buried at St Denis
902:
763: — but they failed to get the boy to say anything at all.
559:
357:, Louis XVII, in the eyes of the royalists. France was by then
8543:
People who died in prison custody during the French Revolution
8107:
7040:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
2306:
1043:
at court; the Queen with the Duke of Normandy on her lap; the
6974:
2289:
Duchess of AngoulĂŞme's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple
2283:
Duchess of AngoulĂŞme's Memoirs on the Captivity in the Temple
1120:
464:
1059:
of France and the Bourbons can be seen behind on the cabinet
1001:
royal ceremony had taken place in France, complete with the
954:
and Belgian genetics professor Jean-Jacques Cassiman of the
1051:; she died later in the year and had to be painted out; by
314:; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King
7014:
4638:, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.
6854:
2226:, hardcover); New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2003 (
580:
Louis XVI taking care of the education of his son in the
2241:
3765:
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland
2218:, paperback); New York: St. Martin's Press, 2002 (
558:, who had emigrated on 21 June 1791, appointed himself
3861:Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême
3823:
Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon
1883:
Marie-Thérèse: the fate of Marie Antoinette's daughter
962:
tests using a strand of the hair of the boy's mother,
342:
accorded the heir apparent the title of Prince Royal.
901:. The offer was accepted and the relic was held near
570:
408:, was born a little over a year later. He became the
365:, his uncle acceded to the throne and was proclaimed
338:
to the throne), a title he held until 1791, when the
7770:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1668:
525:, his elder brother, died, the four-year-old became
455:
On 6 October 1789, the royal family was forced by a
8002:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
5092:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2027:
1083:determined to save the Dauphin in order to please
616:. Others said to be involved in his escape(s) are
597:, the chief of these plots were engineered by the
476:1790, the queen adopted a foster sibling for him,
392:, the second son and third child of his parents,
8419:
6928:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2125:"French boy king's heart to be buried in crypt"
1948:
1853:
1727:; alleged to have been murdered by their uncle
565:
4970:Significant civil and political events by year
1886:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 137.
1035:with her children, 1787 at Versailles; (L-R);
920:Finally Maria della Neve offered the heart to
554:, his uncle, the Count of Provence and future
8093:
4857:
4093:Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon
3672:
3462:
3121:
2466:
2168:
2166:
8023:
7982:
7958:
7939:
6923:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
5610:
3856:Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
2320:Details about the DNA analysis of the heart
2246:, Vol. 25, No. 8, 17 August 2003.
1982:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1953:(in French). Editions de Paris. p. 12.
996:organized the heart's solemn burial in the
835:Louis-Charles was buried on 10 June in the
432:to be the official nurse of Louis-Charles.
330:. At his brother's death he became the new
8528:Legitimist pretenders to the French throne
8100:
8086:
7127:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
4864:
4850:
4373:Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska
3679:
3665:
3469:
3455:
3128:
3114:
2473:
2459:
2163:
2069:"France buries 200-year-old royal mystery"
1923:
950:, a German clockmaker. Ernst Brinkmann of
541:. Louis-Charles held that title until the
517:("Son of France"), was given the title of
140:
8463:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Louis
7392:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
7050:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
6873:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
3851:Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier
3145:The first generation are the children of
2172:
2131:. Paris. Reuters. 7 June 2004. p. 1.
2025:
1963:
1840:
1008:
842:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
8483:French people who died in prison custody
8166:Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte
7824:
5108:Nationalization of the Church properties
4682:
4307:Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
4177:Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
4014:Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine
2026:Broughton, Philip Delves (7 June 2004).
1220:(a character falsely claiming to be him)
992:In the light of this conclusion, French
846:
770:
724:
685:On 19 January 1794, the Simons left the
574:
488:, the royal family sought refuge at the
388:Louis-Charles de France was born at the
376:
8053:Historiography of the French Revolution
7324:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
7035:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
4764:Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême
4711:
4235:Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine
3405:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
3400:Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulĂŞme
3247:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
2313:'s website : one page in English).
1875:
1873:
635:who had been named his guardian by the
8493:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
8420:
7060:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
7015:Other significant figures and factions
4785:Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma
3811:Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf
3699:
3476:
3242:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
2480:
2179:Le Bulletin des Recherches Historiques
2141:
2066:
1834:
1822:
1762:
8478:18th-century deaths from tuberculosis
8081:
7928:
7823:
7107:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
7013:
6863:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
6802:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
6760:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
6363:
5609:
5240:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
4968:
4871:
4845:
4710:
4669:
4613:
4541:
4450:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
4352:
4124:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
4067:
3979:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
3906:
3866:Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy
3698:
3660:
3450:
3135:
3109:
2454:
2322:believed to be that of Louis-Charles.
2021:
2019:
1966:"la science au secours de l'histoire"
1879:
1846:Philippe Huisman, Marguerite Jallut:
1373:, Ă©ditions 10/18, Grands DĂ©tectives,
966:, and other samples from her sisters
457:Parisian mob mostly composed of women
7261:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
6673:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
6364:
5460:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
4562:Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
4240:Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre
4172:Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon
3830:Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud
3686:
3094:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
2048:from the original on 12 January 2022
1951:Louis XVII. Le livre du bicentenaire
1907:"tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis"
1870:
1859:
1786:
1784:
1745:
1743:
1723:who vanished towards the end of the
857:tradition of preserving royal hearts
824:swelling or infection) of the neck (
426:marquise Louise Élisabeth de Tourzel
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
8409:from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II
7929:
6868:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
4626:
4578:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
4332:Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe
4317:Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia
4297:Mariana VĂctoria, Queen of Portugal
4182:Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
3927:Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain
3780:Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)
2175:"Louis XVII est-il venu au Canada?"
1717:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
1144:Henri Éthelbert-Louis-Hector Hébert
1117:Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
924:, president of the Memorial of the
915:Prince Fabrizio Massimo (1868–1944)
428:. Additionally, the queen selected
412:on the death of his elder brother,
13:
8161:
8157:Coat of arms of the House of Capet
8152:
8058:Influence of the French Revolution
8048:Symbolism in the French Revolution
6812:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
6773:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
5028:Convocation of the Estates General
4414:Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois
4389:Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
4187:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
3221:Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
2427:21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795
2385:4 June 1789 – 1 October 1791
2259:, Editions Gigouzac 2009 paperback
2192:
2117:
2086:
2016:
1924:Beauchesne, Alcide (20 May 2016).
813:tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
571:1793: In the care of Antoine Simon
14:
8559:
7700:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
7432:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
6734:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
6516:François Christophe de Kellermann
5755:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
4690:Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy
4009:Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans
3835:Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles
3783:Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)
2266:
2067:Bryant, Elizabeth (3 June 2004).
1781:
1740:
1158:was a Protestant missionary from
8538:Heirs apparent who never acceded
7427:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
7334:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
7304:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
7195:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
6973:
6938:
6908:
6883:
6840:
6714:
6591:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
6372:
5144:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
4760:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
4747:Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulĂŞme
4327:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon
3999:Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
3571:
3359:Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
3194:
1750:
1671:
1028:The Royal Family of France, 1787
1015:
680:
587:Musée de la Révolution française
297:
20:
8548:Pretenders to the French throne
8109:Pretenders to the French throne
7765:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
7512:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
7437:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
6648:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
6643:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
6623:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
6451:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
5369:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
4670:
4583:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
4517:Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara
4225:Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes
4129:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
3984:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
3815:Alexandre, Chevalier de VendĂ´me
3421:Prince Henri, Count of Chambord
3390:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
3151:; these males held the rank of
2285:(from the autograph manuscript)
2202:. London: Fourth Estate, 2002 (
2135:
2105:
2060:
1990:
1957:
1942:
1917:
1693:; imprisoned and killed by the
709:Jean Jacques Christophe Laurent
562:for the young imprisoned king.
523:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
511:At his birth, Louis-Charles, a
459:to move from Versailles to the
324:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
312:Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy
197:Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy
31:needs additional citations for
8443:18th-century dukes of Normandy
8038:Women in the French Revolution
7640:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
6817:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
6481:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
6110:French invasion of Switzerland
4614:
4513:Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine
3907:
3790:Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine
3755:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
3354:Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy
3338:Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou
3295:Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany
3181:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
2430:Reason for succession failure:
1900:
1828:
1816:
1797:
1463:Louis XVII, la piste argentine
1209:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
1053:Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
956:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
766:
750:Jean-Baptiste Charles Matthieu
731:Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
1:
8488:Tuberculosis deaths in France
8043:Incroyables and merveilleuses
7862:Pierre Claude François Daunou
7650:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
6781:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
6752:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
6049:Naval Engagement off Brittany
5802:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
5776:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
5585:Constitution of the Year VIII
5320:Committee of General Security
5205:National Legislative Assembly
5060:National Constituent Assembly
4647:Bourbon Restoration in France
4542:
4521:Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara
4152:Marie Anne, Princess of Conti
4134:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
4088:Infanta MarĂa Teresa of Spain
4068:
4004:Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia
3989:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
3279:Prince Charles, Duke of Berry
2173:Mainville, L'abbé M. (1897).
2147:Marie Antoinette: The Journey
1794:, Fayard, Paris, 1991, p. 480
1734:
1191:
1066:Bourbon monarchy was restored
899:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
703:visited the prison after the
165:21 January 1793 – 8 June 1795
8468:Knights of the Golden Fleece
8389:Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe
7961:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7755:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
7645:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
7542:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
7442:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
7132:Charles Malo François Lameth
6807:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
6638:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
6581:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
5781:Second Battle of Wissembourg
5468:Constitution of the Year III
4485:Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia
4353:
4192:Louise, Baroness of La Queue
4162:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
3994:Marie Louise, Queen of Spain
3252:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1964:messire62 (6 January 2011).
1912:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
1134:
1071:
1005:standard and a royal crown.
985:Of these results, historian
888:Archbishop's Palace of Paris
886:, and the plundering of the
566:Prison and rumours of escape
521:, and, on 4 June 1789, when
478:"Zoë" Jeanne Louise Victoire
372:
7:
8498:Princes of France (Bourbon)
8249:Blancs d'Espagne succession
7857:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
7482:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
7417:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
7377:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
7256:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
7241:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
7236:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
7045:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
6898:William V, Prince of Orange
5768:First Battle of Wissembourg
5725:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
5441:Closing of the Jacobin Club
5310:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
5267:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
5127:Abolition of the Parlements
5100:Women's March on Versailles
4817:Infante or Infanta of Spain
4434:Princess Louise (1737–1787)
4399:Princess Louise (1728–1733)
4167:Louis CĂ©sar, Count of Vexin
3876:Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
3750:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
3216:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
1825:, pp. 180–200, 305–313
1664:
1270:The Man Who Killed The King
1149:
718:(1770–1807), a creole from
246:Cimetière Sainte-Marguerite
10:
8564:
8518:Navarrese titular monarchs
7992:French Republican calendar
7547:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
7172:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
6526:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
6476:Charles François Dumouriez
6466:Jacques François Dugommier
6280:League of Armed Neutrality
6113:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
6065:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
5888:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
5867:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
5531:Second Congress of Rastatt
5315:Committee of Public Safety
5302:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
4424:Sophie, Duchess of Louvois
4230:Louis Charles, Count of Eu
4157:Louis, Count of Vermandois
2435:Monarchy abolished in 1792
2307:Philippe Delorme's website
2073:United Press International
1763:Bryant, Margaret (1911). "
1704:Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
1603:The Affair of the Necklace
1578:Killer Tomatoes Eat France
1520:Marie-Pierre Sordet-Dantès
837:Sainte Marguerite cemetery
637:Committee of Public Safety
8402:
8310:
8247:
8173:
8150:
8119:
8007:Cult of the Supreme Being
7935:
7924:
7830:
7819:
7778:
7612:
7605:
7490:
7347:
7269:
7180:
7167:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
7073:
7022:Patriotic Society of 1789
7020:
7009:
6971:
6936:
6906:
6881:
6838:
6825:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
6747:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
6712:
6703:
6681:
6386:
6370:
6359:
6328:
6291:
6264:Convention of Alessandria
6246:
6153:
6100:
6031:
5901:
5875:
5792:
5689:
5616:
5605:
5561:
5550:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
5542:
5515:
5452:
5388:
5283:
5216:
5165:
5119:
5011:What Is the Third Estate?
5002:
4975:
4964:
4879:
4806:
4778:Princess Louise Élisabeth
4771:
4739:
4723:
4719:
4706:
4678:
4665:
4622:
4609:
4570:
4554:
4550:
4537:
4498:
4465:Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
4442:
4381:
4365:
4361:
4348:
4248:
4200:
4142:
4101:
4080:
4076:
4063:
4022:
3956:
3948:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3935:
3919:
3915:
3902:
3886:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3843:
3798:
3773:
3745:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
3732:
3711:
3707:
3694:
3580:
3569:
3484:
3429:
3413:
3382:
3346:
3325:
3310:Louis, Prince of Asturias
3287:
3260:
3229:
3203:
3192:
3168:
3143:
3092:
3073:
3047:
3009:
2983:
2937:
2912:
2833:
2744:
2640:
2516:
2486:
2439:
2412:
2404:
2397:
2387:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2328:
1563:played by Richard Charles
1494:
1465:, Histoires, A2C MĂ©dias,
909:. In 1909, Carlos's son,
880:Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen
506:
448:Some have suggested that
293:
283:
273:
265:
253:
238:
218:
193:
189:
179:
169:
161:
151:
139:
130:
125:
7715:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
7680:Joséphine de Beauharnais
7562:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
7532:François-Nicolas Vincent
7517:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
6691:Charles-Alexandre Linois
6586:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
6566:François Séverin Marceau
6546:François Joseph Lefebvre
6441:Jean-Étienne Championnet
6416:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
6411:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
6406:Alexandre de Beauharnais
6396:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
6118:French Invasion of Egypt
5996:Second Battle of Bassano
5730:Battle of Kaiserslautern
5504:Conspiracy of the Equals
5197:The Constitution of 1791
5068:Storming of the Bastille
4790:Henri, Count of Chambord
4455:Princess Marie ZĂ©phyrine
4404:Louis, Dauphin of France
4322:Charles, Duke of Alençon
4109:Louis, Dauphin of France
3964:Louis, Dauphin of France
3333:Louis, Dauphin of France
3300:Louis, Dauphin of France
3268:Louis, Dauphin of France
3237:Louis, Dauphin of France
2240:by Hilary Mantel in the
1949:Xavier de Roche (1995).
1633:
1530:played by Scotty Beckett
1196:
1101:Brandenburg an der Havel
1085:Joséphine de Beauharnais
974:, their mother, Empress
935:It was in 2000 that the
893:It was later offered to
622:Joséphine de Beauharnais
529:, a title he held until
7695:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
7567:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
7527:Antoine-François Momoro
7522:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
7339:François de Neufchâteau
7289:Charles-François Lebrun
7231:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
7112:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
6988:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
6794:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
6789:Karl Mack von Leiberich
6421:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
6235:Second Battle of Zurich
6126:Irish Rebellion of 1798
5972:First Battle of Bassano
5810:Second Battle of Boulou
5611:Revolutionary campaigns
5569:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
5484:Council of Five Hundred
5272:First republic declared
5208:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
5189:Declaration of Pillnitz
4913:Constitutional monarchy
4460:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4409:Philippe, Duke of Anjou
4312:Luis, Count of ChinchĂłn
4263:Louis, Duke of Brittany
4258:Louis, Duke of Brittany
4208:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4114:Princess Anne Élisabeth
4032:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
3969:Princess Anne Élisabeth
3826:Antoine, Count of Moret
3819:Henri, Duke of Verneuil
3760:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
3316:Infante Philip of Spain
3186:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
2507:List of French monarchs
1866:. Sunny Lou Publishing.
1774:Encyclopædia Britannica
1642:Symphony of the Vampire
1569:La Révolution française
1349:Amélie de Bourbon Parme
1037:Marie-Thérèse Charlotte
675:Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte
535:constitutional monarchy
533:, when France became a
381:Baptismal certificate,
351:automatically succeeded
8473:People from Versailles
8453:French Roman Catholics
8312:Bonapartist pretenders
8167:
8158:
8024:
7983:
7959:
7940:
7452:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
7447:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
7357:Maximilien Robespierre
7190:Jacques Pierre Brissot
7055:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
6486:Louis-Charles de Flers
6471:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
6436:Jean François Carteaux
6211:First Battle of Zurich
6174:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
6129:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
6089:Treaty of Campo Formio
5835:Glorious First of June
5763:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
5722:Expedition to Sardinia
5400:Desmoulins guillotined
5335:Assassination of Marat
5327:Fall of the Girondists
5299:Revolutionary Tribunal
5291:Execution of Louis XVI
5181:Champ de Mars massacre
5084:Abolition of Feudalism
4823:Archduchess of Austria
4731:Maria Theresa of Savoy
4593:Princess Sophie Hélène
4499:Illegitimate children
4220:Charles, Duke of Berry
4214:King Felipe V of Spain
4047:Louis, Duke of Orléans
4042:Charles, Duke of Berry
3806:CĂ©sar, Duke of VendĂ´me
3273:King Philip V of Spain
3013:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
2502:List of Frankish kings
2497:Simplified family tree
2243:London Review of Books
2102:Retrieved 22 June 2009
1970:histoiredefancescience
1371:En MĂ©moire d'un prince
1353:Le Sacre de Louis XVII
1337:, Ă©ditions Gallimard,
1331:Françoise Chandernagor
1225:Baroness Emmuska Orczy
1077:Karl Wilhelm Naundorff
1009:Lost Dauphin claimants
968:Maria Johanna Gabriela
948:Karl Wilhelm Naundorff
922:Jacques de Bauffremont
895:Carlos, Duke of Madrid
861:Philippe-Jean Pelletan
852:
843:Heart of Louis-Charles
800:Jean-Baptiste Dumangin
796:Philippe-Jean Pelletan
776:
733:
697:Maximilien Robespierre
590:
552:North Rhine-Westphalia
446:
385:
8523:Children of Louis XVI
8165:
8156:
7897:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
7162:Jean-Charles Pichegru
7142:Jean-François Rewbell
6628:Jean-Charles Pichegru
6511:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
6501:Jacques Maurice Hatry
6272:Battle of Hohenlinden
6145:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
5980:Battle of Emmendingen
5927:Battle of Castiglione
5814:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
5745:Battle of Hondschoote
5416:Thermidorian Reaction
5380:(throughout the year)
5153:Fête de la Fédération
5079:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
5063:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
5047:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
4508:Charles de Vintimille
4302:Philip, Duke of Parma
4284:Ferdinand VI of Spain
3799:Illegitimate children
2415:— TITULAR —
1880:Nagel, Susan (2009).
1765:Louis XVII. of France
1560:The Scarlet Pimpernel
1389:Un roi sans lendemain
980:Queen Anne of Romania
911:Jaime, Duke of Madrid
850:
774:
739:Jean-Baptiste Harmand
728:
599:Chevalier de Jarjayes
578:
438:
380:
322:. His older brother,
233:First French Republic
8385:Napoléon VII Charles
7825:Influential thinkers
7572:Jean-François Varlet
7472:Jean-Lambert Tallien
7467:Jean Bon Saint-André
7294:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
7216:Marquis de Condorcet
7065:Nicolas de Condorcet
6830:Dagobert von Wurmser
6663:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
6606:Pierre-Jacques Osten
6521:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
6456:Louis-Nicolas Davout
6446:Chapuis de Tourville
5988:Battle of Schliengen
5935:Battle of Theiningen
5856:Battle of Aldenhoven
5740:Battle of Wattignies
5709:Battle of Neerwinden
5523:Coup of 18 Fructidor
5036:Death of the Dauphin
4289:Charles III of Spain
4037:King Felipe of Spain
2492:Detailed family tree
2340:Cadet branch of the
2210:, hardcover), 2003 (
2129:Kingsport Daily News
1863:The Son of Louis XVI
1721:Princes in the Tower
1608:Thomas Dodgson-Gates
1572:played by Sean Flynn
1503:Le roi sans couronne
1391:, Ă©ditions Grasset,
998:Basilica of St Denis
926:Basilica of St Denis
826:cervical lymph nodes
649:Alcide de Beauchesne
543:fall of the monarchy
490:Legislative Assembly
422:Yolande de Polastron
390:Palace of Versailles
383:Parish of Notre-Dame
209:Palace of Versailles
40:improve this article
8508:Disappeared princes
8407:Orléanist pretender
8179:Unionist pretenders
7912:Mary Wollstonecraft
7690:Jean Sylvain Bailly
7477:Pierre Louis Prieur
7422:Jean-Henri Voulland
7397:Jacques-Louis David
7329:Jean Joseph Mounier
7030:Jean Sylvain Bailly
6668:Belgrand de Vaubois
6556:Jean-Antoine Marbot
6496:Emmanuel de Grouchy
6301:Treaty of Lunéville
5940:Battle of Neresheim
5885:Siege of Luxembourg
5864:Siege of Luxembourg
5819:Battle of Tourcoing
5750:Siege of Bellegarde
5577:Coup of 18 Brumaire
5489:Council of Ancients
5264:National Convention
5256:September Massacres
5232:Brunswick Manifesto
5224:France declares war
4991:Assembly of Vizille
4713:Charles X of France
4293:Francisco of Spain
4119:Princess Marie Anne
3974:Princess Marie Anne
3871:Princess Marie Anne
2928:Henry VI of England
2112:Revue rétrospective
2098:13 May 2009 at the
1860:Bloy, LĂ©on (2022).
1805:Louis XVII retrouvé
1713:Edward V of England
1182:prince de Joinville
930:French royal family
876:Archbishop of Paris
691:Bourbon Restoration
677:for the last time.
363:Bourbon Restoration
347:father was executed
316:Louis XVI of France
8458:Dauphins of France
8168:
8159:
7750:Loménie de Brienne
7725:Madame de Lamballe
7660:Napoléon Bonaparte
7457:Prieur de la Marne
7372:Camille Desmoulins
7226:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
7102:Jean-Sifrein Maury
7097:Arnaud de La Porte
6953:Alexander Korsakov
6739:Count of Clerfayt
6658:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
6571:Auguste de Marmont
6426:Napoléon Bonaparte
6317:Algeciras campaign
6309:Treaty of Florence
6187:Battle of Stockach
6020:Ireland expedition
6004:Battle of Calliano
5964:Battle of Rovereto
5956:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
5408:Law of 22 Prairial
5377:Anti-clerical laws
5352:The Death of Marat
5173:Flight to Varennes
4490:Princess Élisabeth
4394:Princess Henriette
3719:Margaret of Valois
3701:Henry IV of France
3478:Dauphins of France
3160:Grandson of France
3075:House of Bonaparte
2985:House of Bonaparte
2915:House of Lancaster
2481:Monarchs of France
2399:Titles in pretence
2198:Cadbury, Deborah.
1837:, pp. 350–360
1687:Alexei Nikolaevich
1591:Jefferson in Paris
1553:Richard O'Sullivan
1481:The Grave Watchers
1355:, Ă©ditions Folio,
1173:, a member of the
1140:Baron de Richemont
1128:pled their cause.
952:MĂĽnster University
884:Revolution of 1830
853:
828:) associated with
779:On 31 March 1795,
777:
734:
591:
482:Flight to Varennes
416:, on 4 June 1789.
386:
8415:
8414:
8410:
8369:Napoléon V Victor
8365:Napoléon V Jérôme
8354:
8351:Emperor 1852–1870
8121:Monarchy in exile
8075:
8074:
8071:
8070:
7949:Cockade of France
7920:
7919:
7882:Antoine Lavoisier
7872:Benjamin Franklin
7852:Anacharsis Cloots
7815:
7814:
7811:
7810:
7735:Louis de Breteuil
7577:Theophile Leclerc
7005:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6958:Alexander Suvorov
6699:
6698:
6633:JĂłzef Poniatowski
6551:Étienne Macdonald
6355:
6354:
6256:Battle of Marengo
6219:Battle of Trebbia
6203:Battle of Cassano
6195:Battle of Magnano
6179:Battle of Ostrach
6081:Battle of Neuwied
5843:Battle of Fleurus
5827:Battle of Tournay
5704:War in the Vendée
5640:Royalist Revolts
5601:
5600:
5158:
5134:Abolition of the
5052:Tennis Court Oath
5044:National Assembly
4873:French Revolution
4839:
4838:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4419:Princess Victoire
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3654:
3653:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3137:Princes of France
3103:
3102:
3064:Louis Philippe II
2987:(1804–1814; 1815)
2449:
2448:
2440:Succeeded by
2417:
2388:Succeeded by
2381:Dauphin of France
2257:978-0-9561518-0-3
1893:978-0-7475-9666-0
1725:Wars of the Roses
1699:Russian Civil War
1421:Jennifer Donnelly
1385:Christophe Donner
1103:, and in 1828 to
1089:comte de Provence
960:mitochondrial DNA
907:Schloss Frohsdorf
754:Jacques Reverchon
729:Louis Charles by
527:Dauphin of France
430:Agathe de Rambaud
328:French Revolution
305:
304:
213:Kingdom of France
133:Dauphin of France
120:Dauphin of France
116:
115:
108:
90:
8555:
8404:
8348:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8079:
8078:
8029:
8017:Temple of Reason
7988:
7964:
7945:
7926:
7925:
7877:Thomas Jefferson
7821:
7820:
7740:de Chateaubriand
7670:Joseph Bonaparte
7665:Lucien Bonaparte
7655:Marie Antoinette
7610:
7609:
7597:Sylvain Maréchal
7552:François Hanriot
7387:Louis Philippe I
7314:Louis Philippe I
7309:Philippe Égalité
7251:Olympe de Gouges
7221:Charlotte Corday
7211:Étienne Clavière
7011:
7010:
6993:Antonio Ricardos
6978:
6977:
6963:Andrei Rosenberg
6943:
6942:
6913:
6912:
6888:
6887:
6858:Ralph Abercromby
6845:
6844:
6820:
6797:
6784:
6776:
6768:
6755:
6742:
6719:
6718:
6710:
6709:
6614:
6561:Marcellin Marbot
6384:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6365:Military leaders
6361:
6360:
6348:
6340:
6336:Treaty of Amiens
6321:
6313:
6305:
6284:
6276:
6268:
6260:
6239:
6238:(25–26 Sep 1799)
6231:
6223:
6222:(17–20 Jun 1799)
6215:
6207:
6206:(27–28 Apr 1799)
6199:
6191:
6183:
6182:(20–21 Mar 1799)
6175:
6167:
6163:Second Coalition
6146:
6138:
6130:
6122:
6114:
6093:
6085:
6077:
6073:Treaty of Leoben
6069:
6061:
6060:(14–15 Jan 1797)
6057:Battle of Rivoli
6053:
6045:
6041:Italian campaign
6024:
6016:
6015:(15–17 Nov 1796)
6012:Battle of Arcole
6008:
6000:
5992:
5984:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5948:Battle of Amberg
5944:
5931:
5923:
5919:Battle of Lonato
5915:
5911:Italian campaign
5889:
5868:
5860:
5847:
5839:
5831:
5823:
5815:
5806:
5785:
5784:(26–27 Dec 1793)
5772:
5764:
5726:
5718:
5714:Battle of Famars
5682:
5607:
5606:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5554:
5535:
5527:
5508:
5500:
5480:
5472:
5464:
5445:
5437:
5429:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5381:
5373:
5365:
5357:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5311:
5303:
5295:
5276:
5268:
5260:
5252:
5244:
5236:
5228:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5177:
5176:(20–21 Jun 1791)
5156:
5148:
5140:
5131:
5112:
5104:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5048:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5016:
4995:
4987:
4983:Day of the Tiles
4966:
4965:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4843:
4842:
4832:
4812:
4721:
4720:
4708:
4707:
4680:
4679:
4667:
4666:
4639:
4624:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4429:Princess Thérèse
4363:
4362:
4350:
4349:
4280:Felipe of Spain
4277:Felipe of Spain
4273:Louis I of Spain
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3786:Madeleine (1556)
3724:Marie de' Medici
3709:
3708:
3696:
3695:
3688:House of Bourbon
3681:
3674:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3610:Le Petit Dauphin
3602:Le Grand Dauphin
3582:House of Bourbon
3575:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3431:
3369:King Louis XVIII
3198:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3058:Louis Philippe I
3049:House of Orléans
3011:House of Bourbon
2939:House of Bourbon
2475:
2468:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2413:
2405:Preceded by
2371:Preceded by
2359:
2352:
2343:Capetian dynasty
2335:House of Bourbon
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:Philippe Delorme
2305:
2281:
2187:
2186:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2000:. Archived from
1994:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1928:. Palala Press.
1921:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1851:
1850:, Stephens, 1971
1848:Marie Antoinette
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1795:
1792:Marie-Antoinette
1790:Lever, Evelyne:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1681:
1679:Biography portal
1676:
1675:
1674:
1628:Driss Hugo-Kalff
1615:Marie Antoinette
1527:Marie Antoinette
1459:Jacques Soppelsa
1407:Live Free or Die
1289:Seed of Mischief
1156:Eleazer Williams
1109:Frankfurt (Oder)
1033:Marie Antoinette
1019:
964:Marie Antoinette
940:Philippe Delorme
882:. Following the
789:
762:
747:
717:
657:
607:
519:Duke of Normandy
461:Tuileries Palace
398:Marie Antoinette
340:new constitution
320:Marie Antoinette
301:
278:Marie Antoinette
225:
205:
203:
157:
144:
123:
122:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
8563:
8562:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8533:Royal reburials
8503:French children
8418:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8398:
8306:
8243:
8169:
8160:
8148:
8115:
8106:
8076:
8067:
7942:La Marseillaise
7931:
7930:Cultural impact
7916:
7826:
7807:
7774:
7730:Madame du Barry
7720:Catherine Théot
7710:Thérésa Tallien
7601:
7592:Gracchus Babeuf
7537:François Chabot
7494:
7486:
7407:Georges Couthon
7402:Marquis de Sade
7367:Jean-Paul Marat
7343:
7299:Bertrand Barère
7265:
7176:
7157:Boissy d'Anglas
7152:Madame de Staël
7117:Antoine Barnave
7085:
7078:
7069:
7016:
6997:
6972:
6967:
6937:
6932:
6907:
6902:
6882:
6877:
6839:
6834:
6818:
6795:
6782:
6774:
6766:
6753:
6740:
6729:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
6713:
6695:
6677:
6618:Nicolas Oudinot
6608:
6541:Claude Lecourbe
6536:Charles Leclerc
6431:Guillaume Brune
6401:Pierre Augereau
6371:
6366:
6351:
6346:
6344:Treaty of Paris
6338:
6324:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6287:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6258:
6242:
6237:
6229:
6221:
6213:
6205:
6197:
6189:
6181:
6173:
6165:
6149:
6144:
6136:
6128:
6120:
6112:
6096:
6091:
6083:
6075:
6067:
6059:
6051:
6043:
6027:
6022:
6014:
6006:
5998:
5990:
5982:
5974:
5966:
5958:
5950:
5942:
5929:
5921:
5913:
5897:
5887:
5871:
5866:
5858:
5845:
5837:
5829:
5821:
5813:
5804:
5788:
5783:
5770:
5762:
5760:Siege of Toulon
5724:
5716:
5699:First Coalition
5685:
5676:
5612:
5597:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5557:
5552:
5538:
5533:
5525:
5511:
5506:
5498:
5478:
5470:
5462:
5448:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5418:
5410:
5402:
5384:
5379:
5371:
5363:
5361:Law of Suspects
5355:
5345:
5337:
5329:
5309:
5307:Reign of Terror
5301:
5293:
5279:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5250:
5242:
5234:
5226:
5212:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5183:
5175:
5161:
5146:
5138:
5129:
5115:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5087:(4–11 Aug 1789)
5086:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5020:RĂ©veillon riots
5014:
4998:
4993:
4985:
4971:
4960:
4875:
4870:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4810:
4794:
4767:
4735:
4715:
4694:
4674:
4653:
4633:
4618:
4597:
4566:
4546:
4525:
4500:
4494:
4438:
4377:
4357:
4336:
4250:
4244:
4196:
4144:
4138:
4097:
4072:
4051:
4024:
4018:
3952:
3931:
3911:
3890:
3839:
3794:
3769:
3728:
3703:
3690:
3685:
3655:
3650:
3576:
3567:
3542:Charles Orlando
3486:House of Valois
3480:
3475:
3445:
3440:
3425:
3409:
3395:King Louis XVII
3378:
3342:
3321:
3283:
3256:
3225:
3199:
3190:
3176:King Louis XIII
3164:
3139:
3134:
3104:
3099:
3088:
3069:
3043:
3005:
2979:
2933:
2908:
2835:House of Valois
2829:
2740:
2701:Charles the Fat
2660:Pepin the Short
2645:
2636:
2512:
2511:
2482:
2479:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2393:
2384:
2376:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2331:
2316:
2303:
2279:
2273:Primary sources
2269:
2195:
2193:Further reading
2190:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2143:Fraser, Antonia
2140:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2100:Wayback Machine
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2034:Daily Telegraph
2024:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2004:on 25 June 2013
1996:
1995:
1991:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1958:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1878:
1871:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1807:, 1947, p. 306.
1802:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1636:
1583:Steve Lundquist
1548:Dangerous Exile
1515:La Marseillaise
1497:
1477:Missouri Dalton
1445:The Black Tower
1313:Deborah Cadbury
1265:Dennis Wheatley
1245:Rafael Sabatini
1199:
1194:
1167:Native American
1152:
1137:
1074:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1011:
845:
816:referring to a
783:
769:
756:
741:
711:
683:
651:
601:
573:
568:
509:
469:National Guards
450:Axel von Fersen
375:
249:
248:, Paris, France
243:
227:
223:
207:
201:
199:
198:
155:
147:
121:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
8561:
8551:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8448:Courtesy dukes
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8413:
8412:
8403:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8381:
8375:
8361:
8355:
8342:
8336:
8330:
8324:
8317:
8315:
8314:(1814–present)
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8297:
8291:
8285:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8261:
8254:
8252:
8251:(1883–present)
8245:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8228:
8222:
8216:
8210:
8203:
8197:
8191:
8184:
8182:
8181:(1830–present)
8171:
8170:
8151:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8139:
8133:
8126:
8124:
8117:
8116:
8105:
8104:
8097:
8090:
8082:
8073:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8012:Cult of Reason
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7956:
7954:Flag of France
7951:
7946:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7760:Jacques Necker
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7616:
7614:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7582:Claire Lacombe
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7507:Jacques HĂ©bert
7503:
7501:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7362:Georges Danton
7359:
7353:
7351:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7275:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7206:Henri Grégoire
7202:
7197:
7192:
7186:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7147:Camille Jordan
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7026:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6894:
6892:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6851:
6849:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6791:
6786:
6778:
6770:
6762:
6757:
6749:
6744:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6723:
6707:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6694:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6381:
6368:
6367:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6341:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6314:
6306:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6277:
6269:
6261:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6232:
6227:Battle of Novi
6224:
6216:
6214:(4–7 Jun 1799)
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6168:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6139:
6131:
6123:
6115:
6106:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6086:
6078:
6070:
6062:
6054:
6046:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6007:(6–7 Nov 1796)
6001:
5993:
5985:
5977:
5969:
5961:
5953:
5945:
5937:
5932:
5924:
5922:(3–4 Aug 1796)
5916:
5907:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5893:Peace of Basel
5890:
5881:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5861:
5853:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5807:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5778:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5735:Siege of Mainz
5732:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5671:
5666:
5664:Siege of Mainz
5661:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5646:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5622:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5582:
5574:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5528:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5501:
5496:13 Vendémiaire
5493:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5473:
5465:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5430:
5421:
5413:
5405:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5374:
5366:
5358:
5348:
5343:Levée en masse
5340:
5332:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5304:
5296:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5248:10th of August
5245:
5237:
5229:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5149:
5141:
5132:
5130:(Feb–Jul 1790)
5123:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5073:
5065:
5057:
5049:
5041:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4757:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4717:
4716:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4676:
4675:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4620:
4619:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4548:
4547:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3414:9th generation
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3383:8th generation
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3374:King Charles X
3371:
3366:
3364:King Louis XVI
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3347:7th generation
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3326:6th generation
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3288:5th generation
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3261:4th generation
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3230:3rd generation
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3211:King Louis XIV
3207:
3205:
3204:2nd generation
3201:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3169:1st generation
3166:
3165:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2746:House of Capet
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
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2607:Childebert III
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2411:
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2368:
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2365:French royalty
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2297:Other material
2293:
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2267:External links
2265:
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2156:978-0385489485
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2059:
2015:
1989:
1956:
1941:
1935:978-1357844646
1934:
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1892:
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1803:Alain Decaux,
1796:
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1769:Chisholm, Hugh
1738:
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1691:Russian Empire
1689:, heir to the
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671:Jacques HĂ©bert
661:On 6 October,
572:
569:
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564:
531:September 1791
514:Fils de France
508:
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486:10 August 1792
442:10 August 1792
402:Maria Carolina
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7997:Metric system
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7284:de Cambacérès
7282:
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7137:André Chénier
7135:
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7092:Grace Elliott
7090:
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6653:Joseph Souham
6651:
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6624:
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6607:
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6599:
6597:
6596:Joachim Murat
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6576:André Masséna
6574:
6572:
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6409:
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6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6375:
6369:
6362:
6358:
6347:(25 Jun 1802)
6345:
6342:
6339:(25 Mar 1802)
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6327:
6318:
6315:
6312:(18 Mar 1801)
6310:
6307:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6281:
6278:
6273:
6270:
6267:(15 Jun 1800)
6265:
6262:
6259:(14 Jun 1800)
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6236:
6233:
6230:(15 Aug 1799)
6228:
6225:
6220:
6217:
6212:
6209:
6204:
6201:
6196:
6193:
6190:(25 Mar 1799)
6188:
6185:
6180:
6177:
6172:
6171:Siege of Acre
6169:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6143:
6142:Peasants' War
6140:
6135:
6132:
6127:
6124:
6119:
6116:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6092:(17 Oct 1797)
6090:
6087:
6084:(18 Apr 1797)
6082:
6079:
6076:(17 Apr 1797)
6074:
6071:
6068:(25 Jan 1797)
6066:
6063:
6058:
6055:
6052:(13 Jan 1797)
6050:
6047:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6021:
6018:
6013:
6010:
6005:
6002:
5997:
5994:
5991:(26 Oct 1796)
5989:
5986:
5983:(19 Oct 1796)
5981:
5978:
5973:
5970:
5965:
5962:
5957:
5954:
5951:(24 Aug 1796)
5949:
5946:
5943:(11 Aug 1796)
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5928:
5925:
5920:
5917:
5912:
5909:
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5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5865:
5862:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5846:(26 Jun 1794)
5844:
5841:
5836:
5833:
5830:(22 May 1794)
5828:
5825:
5822:(18 May 1794)
5820:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5805:(24 Apr 1794)
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5771:(13 Oct 1793)
5769:
5766:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5717:(23 May 1793)
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
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5627:
5624:
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5619:
5615:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5591:
5588:(24 Dec 1799)
5586:
5583:
5578:
5575:
5572:(18 Jun 1799)
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5553:(11 May 1798)
5551:
5548:
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5545:
5541:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5505:
5502:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5471:(22 Aug 1795)
5469:
5466:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5444:(11 Nov 1794)
5442:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5428:(28 Jul 1794)
5425:
5422:
5419:(27 Jul 1794)
5417:
5414:
5411:(10 Jun 1794)
5409:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5378:
5375:
5372:(16 Oct 1793)
5370:
5367:
5364:(17 Sep 1793)
5362:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5346:(23 Aug 1793)
5344:
5341:
5338:(13 Jul 1793)
5336:
5333:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5300:
5297:
5294:(21 Jan 1793)
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5275:(22 Sep 1792)
5273:
5270:
5265:
5262:
5257:
5254:
5251:(10 Aug 1792)
5249:
5246:
5241:
5238:
5235:(25 Jul 1792)
5233:
5230:
5227:(20 Apr 1792)
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5195:
5192:(27 Aug 1791)
5190:
5187:
5184:(17 Jul 1791)
5182:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5157:(14 Jul 1790)
5155:
5154:
5150:
5147:(12 Jul 1790)
5145:
5142:
5139:(23 Jun 1790)
5137:
5133:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5109:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5095:(26 Aug 1789)
5093:
5090:
5085:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5071:(14 Jul 1789)
5069:
5066:
5061:
5058:
5055:(20 Jun 1789)
5053:
5050:
5045:
5042:
5039:(4 June 1789)
5037:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5023:(28 Apr 1789)
5021:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4994:(21 Jul 1788)
4992:
4989:
4984:
4981:
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4978:
4974:
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4952:
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4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:Ancien RĂ©gime
4896:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4862:
4860:
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4814:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:Grandchildren
4770:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4732:
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4709:
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4691:
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4251:grandchildren
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4027:
4025:grandchildren
4021:
4015:
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4000:
3997:
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3992:
3990:
3987:
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3305:King Louis XV
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3154:Son of France
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2632:Childeric III
2630:
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2597:Theuderic III
2595:
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2562:Childebert II
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2391:Louis-Antoine
2383:
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2229:
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2149:. Doubleday.
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1759:public domain
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1435:9780385737647
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1403:Dominic Lagan
1400:
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1303:Carley Dawson
1300:
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1297:9780110500645
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1259:9780755115440
1256:
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1251:
1250:The Lost King
1246:
1242:
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1239:9780755111121
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1219:
1218:9780486280615
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1175:sans-culottes
1172:
1171:Antoine Simon
1168:
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1049:Madame Sophie
1046:
1042:
1041:Madame Royale
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1006:
1004:
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995:
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977:
976:Maria Theresa
973:
972:Maria Josepha
969:
965:
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949:
945:
942:arranged for
941:
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849:
840:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:lymphadenitis
815:
814:
809:
803:
802:were called.
801:
797:
793:
792:P. J. Desault
787:
782:
781:Étienne Lasne
773:
764:
760:
755:
751:
745:
740:
732:
727:
723:
721:
715:
710:
706:
705:9th Thermidor
702:
698:
694:
692:
688:
681:1794: Illness
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
650:
646:
642:
641:Marie Thérèse
638:
634:
630:
629:Antoine Simon
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Baron de Batz
605:
600:
596:
588:
584:
583:
577:
563:
561:
557:
553:
550:, in today's
549:
544:
540:
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520:
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399:
395:
391:
384:
379:
370:
368:
364:
360:
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348:
343:
341:
337:
336:heir apparent
333:
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286:
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206:27 March 1785
196:
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146:1792 portrait
143:
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110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
8346:Napoléon III
8207:Philippe VII
8136:
8033:Phrygian cap
7978:Bastille Day
7892:Thomas Paine
7847:Edmund Burke
7842:Beaumarchais
7836:Les Lumières
7834:
7675:Joseph Fesch
7629:
7587:Pauline LĂ©on
7557:Jacques Roux
7496:
7080:
6506:Lazare Hoche
6491:Paul Grenier
6461:Louis Desaix
6320:(8 Jul 1801)
6304:(9 Feb 1801)
6275:(3 Dec 1800)
6198:(5 Apr 1799)
5999:(6 Nov 1796)
5975:(8 Sep 1796)
5967:(4 Sep 1796)
5959:(3 Sep 1796)
5930:(5 Aug 1796)
5859:(2 Oct 1794)
5838:(1 Jun 1794)
5580:(9 Nov 1799)
5526:(4 Sep 1797)
5463:(1 Apr 1795)
5433:White Terror
5426:guillotined
5403:(5 Apr 1794)
5350:
5330:(2 Jun 1793)
5200:(3 Sep 1791)
5151:
5111:(2 Nov 1789)
5103:(5 Oct 1789)
5031:(5 May 1789)
5009:
4986:(7 Jun 1788)
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4781:Prince Louis
4754:Mademoiselle
4753:
4645:
4615:
4587:
4212:
4143:Illegitimate
3640:
3636:Louis Joseph
3609:
3601:
3537:Charles VIII
3433:
3394:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3095:
3084:Napoleon III
3062:
3036:
3029:
2998:
2973:
2972:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2874:Charles VIII
2642:Carolingians
2627:Theuderic IV
2617:Chilperic II
2612:Dagobert III
2592:Childeric II
2587:Chlothar III
2532:Childebert I
2518:Merovingians
2420:
2419:
2414:
2379:
2374:Louis-Joseph
2355:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2242:
2199:
2182:
2178:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2107:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2072:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2033:
2006:. Retrieved
2002:the original
1992:
1969:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1902:
1882:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1812:. BNF. 1927.
1804:
1799:
1791:
1772:
1652:
1640:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1546:
1541:Serge Emrich
1534:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1480:
1462:
1444:
1441:Louis Bayard
1424:
1406:
1388:
1370:
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1334:
1316:
1306:
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1268:
1248:
1228:
1207:
1179:
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1094:
1075:
1063:
1057:Fleur-de-lis
1040:
1027:
1003:fleur-de-lis
991:
984:
958:, conducted
934:
919:
892:
865:
855:Following a
854:
834:
830:tuberculosis
811:
804:
778:
735:
695:
684:
660:
626:
592:
579:
539:Prince Royal
538:
512:
510:
494:
474:
454:
447:
439:
434:Alain Decaux
418:
414:Louis Joseph
387:
344:
311:
307:
306:
242:10 June 1795
229:Paris Temple
224:(1795-06-08)
131:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
55:"Louis XVII"
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
8438:1795 deaths
8433:1785 births
8379:Napoléon VI
8359:Napoléon IV
8328:Napoléon II
8295:Alphonse II
8277:Charles XII
8143:Louis XVIII
8123:(1792–1815)
7902:Abbé Sieyès
7887:Montesquieu
7803:Social Club
7745:Jean Chouan
7635:Louis XVIII
7412:Roger Ducos
7382:Paul Barras
7349:Montagnards
7279:Abbé Sieyès
7082:monarchiens
6890:Netherlands
6819:(Hungarian)
6767:(Hungarian)
6683:French Navy
6609: [
6531:Jean Lannes
6388:French Army
6166:(1798–1802)
6137:(1798–1800)
6121:(1798–1801)
5851:Chouannerie
5812:(Pyrenees)
5677: [
5644:Chouannerie
5436:(Fall 1794)
5424:Robespierre
4672:Louis XVIII
4636:Louis XVIII
4475:Louis XVIII
3524:Charles VII
3077:(1852–1870)
3051:(1830–1848)
3020:Louis XVIII
3000:Napoleon II
2941:(1589–1792)
2919:(1422–1453)
2864:Charles VII
2837:(1328–1589)
2711:Charles III
2696:Carloman II
2672:(Charles I)
2670:Charlemagne
2622:Chlothar IV
2577:Sigebert II
2567:Chlothar II
2552:Chilperic I
2542:Charibert I
2443:Louis XVIII
2358:8 June 1795
2330:Louis XVII
2317:(in French)
2304:(in French)
2280:(in French)
2185:(5): 66–70.
1835:Fraser 2001
1823:Fraser 2001
1729:Richard III
1367:Ann Dukthas
1285:Willa Gibbs
1126:Jules Favre
1081:Paul Barras
1039:, known as
994:Legitimists
987:Jean Tulard
944:DNA testing
872:Louis XVIII
868:Restoration
784: [
767:1795: Death
757: [
742: [
712: [
701:Paul Barras
652: [
618:Paul Barras
614:Lady Atkyns
602: [
556:Louis XVIII
367:Louis XVIII
288:Catholicism
222:8 June 1795
184:Louis XVIII
170:Predecessor
8428:Louis XVII
8422:Categories
8322:Napoléon I
8320:1814 1815
8289:Jacques II
8283:Alphonse I
8265:Charles XI
8175:Legitimist
8137:Louis XVII
7791:Cordeliers
7705:Talleyrand
7630:Louis XVII
7492:HĂ©bertists
7246:Jean Debry
7076:Feuillants
6705:Opposition
6601:Michel Ney
6023:(Dec 1796)
5631:Thionville
5534:(Dec 1797)
5507:(May 1796)
5499:5 Oct 1795
5476:Directoire
5356:(painting)
5259:(Sep 1792)
5243:(Jun 1792)
5076:Great Fear
5015:(Jan 1789)
4906:Revolution
4616:Louis XVII
4588:Louis XVII
3909:Louis XIII
3740:Louis XIII
3641:Louis XVII
3590:Louis XIII
3563:Francis II
3499:Charles VI
2994:Napoleon I
2974:Louis XVII
2953:Louis XIII
2899:Charles IX
2894:Francis II
2859:Charles VI
2825:Charles IV
2800:Philip III
2790:Louis VIII
2755:Hugh Capet
2748:(987–1328)
2681:Charles II
2665:Carloman I
2647:Robertians
2572:Dagobert I
2557:Sigebert I
2537:Chlothar I
1735:References
1695:Bolsheviks
1620:Jago Betts
1618:played by
1606:played by
1594:played by
1581:played by
1551:played by
1539:played by
1518:played by
1506:played by
1426:Revolution
1415:0956151809
1397:2246625815
1379:2264037903
1343:2070314200
1335:La Chambre
1307:Dragon Run
1279:0090031903
1204:Mark Twain
1192:In fiction
866:After the
822:lymph node
808:scrofulous
775:Louis XVII
720:Martinique
359:a republic
318:and Queen
308:Louis XVII
202:1785-03-27
156:(claimant)
126:Louis XVII
96:March 2023
66:newspapers
8391:present (
8271:Jacques I
8232:Henri VII
8195:Louis XIX
8189:Charles X
8145:1814 1815
8131:Louis XVI
7625:Louis XVI
7620:Charles X
7271:The Plain
7182:Girondins
7122:Lafayette
6783:(Walloon)
6765:Pál Kray
6741:(Walloon)
6283:(1800–02)
6134:Quasi-War
5593:Consulate
5479:(1795–99)
4934:Consulate
4927:Directory
4724:Spouse(s)
4683:Spouse(s)
4555:Spouse(s)
4544:Louis XVI
4480:Charles X
4470:Louis XVI
4366:Spouse(s)
4081:Spouse(s)
4070:Louis XIV
3943:Louis XIV
3920:Spouse(s)
3881:Louis XIV
3712:Spouse(s)
3646:Louis XIX
3631:Louis XVI
3595:Louis XIV
3494:Charles V
3031:Louis XIX
3025:Charles X
2968:Louis XVI
2958:Louis XIV
2904:Henry III
2884:Francis I
2879:Louis XII
2854:Charles V
2844:Philip VI
2805:Philip IV
2785:Philip II
2780:Louis VII
2760:Robert II
2691:Louis III
2653:(751–987)
2602:Clovis IV
2582:Clovis II
2520:(509–751)
2408:Louis XVI
2042:0307-1235
1810:"Gallica"
1708:King John
1624:Axel KĂĽng
1184:, son of
1160:Wisconsin
1154:Reverend
1135:Richemont
1113:Louis XVI
1072:Naundorff
937:historian
820:(chronic
667:Chaumette
394:Louis XVI
373:Biography
345:When his
294:Signature
269:Louis XVI
180:Successor
174:Louis XVI
8393:disputed
8301:Louis XX
8259:Jean III
8226:Henri VI
8220:Jean III
7985:Panthéon
7973:Muscadin
7968:Marianne
7907:Voltaire
7786:Jacobins
7779:Factions
7319:Mirabeau
6775:(French)
5669:Jemappes
5653:Dauphiné
5136:Nobility
4948:Journals
4941:Glossary
4920:Republic
4892:Timeline
4821:also an
4815:also an
4752:Sophie,
4740:Children
4571:Children
4501:included
4382:Children
4355:Louis XV
4268:Louis XV
4145:children
4102:Children
3936:Children
3774:Siblings
3733:Children
3621:Louis XV
3558:Henry II
3553:François
3549:François
3533:François
3529:Louis XI
3148:Henri IV
2963:Louis XV
2948:Henry IV
2889:Henry II
2869:Louis XI
2820:Philip V
2795:Louis IX
2775:Louis VI
2770:Philip I
2726:Louis IV
2716:Robert I
2686:Louis II
2651:Bosonids
2527:Clovis I
2238:Reviewed
2145:(2001).
2096:Archived
2078:17 March
2052:17 March
2046:Archived
1998:"Cottin"
1978:cite web
1665:See also
1230:Eldorado
1150:Williams
501:Republic
284:Religion
8513:Mummies
8367:/ 1891
8303:present
8240:present
8238:Jean IV
8201:Henri V
7867:Diderot
7613:Figures
7498:Enragés
7204:Father
6915:Prussia
6847:Britain
6796:(Saxon)
6754:(Swiss)
6721:Austria
3608:Louis,
3600:Louis,
3546:Charles
3509:Charles
3504:Charles
3096:italics
3038:Henry V
2849:John II
2810:Louis X
2765:Henry I
2736:Louis V
2731:Lothair
2721:Rudolph
2676:Louis I
2547:Guntram
1771:(ed.).
1761::
1697:in the
1651:2018 –
1639:2014 –
1612:2006 –
1600:2001 –
1588:1995 –
1575:1991 –
1566:1989 –
1557:1982 –
1545:1957 –
1533:1945 –
1524:1938 –
1512:1938 –
1500:1937 –
1475:2011 –
1457:2011 –
1439:2011 –
1419:2010 –
1401:2009 –
1383:2007 –
1365:2005 –
1347:2003 –
1329:2003 –
1311:2000 –
1301:1955 –
1283:1953 –
1263:1951 –
1243:1937 –
1223:1913 –
1202:1884 –
1107:, near
1105:Crossen
1097:Spandau
1045:Dauphin
645:Commune
633:cobbler
436:wrote:
410:Dauphin
332:Dauphin
260:Bourbon
80:scholar
8334:Joseph
8111:since
7606:Others
6945:Russia
6379:France
6044:(1797)
5914:(1796)
5649:Vendée
5626:Verdun
5453:1795–6
5396:Danton
4955:Museum
4885:Causes
4023:Great
3434:until
2815:John I
2354:
2255:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2153:
2040:
2008:19 May
1932:
1890:
1767:". In
1755:
1719:, the
1659:Kamijo
1647:Kamijo
1536:Pamela
1495:Cinema
1487:
1469:
1451:
1433:
1413:
1395:
1377:
1359:
1341:
1323:
1295:
1277:
1257:
1237:
1216:
1164:Mohawk
1055:; the
1031:Queen
903:Vienna
687:Temple
612:, and
608:, the
595:Temple
582:Temple
560:Regent
507:Naming
497:Temple
406:Sophie
310:(born
274:Mother
266:Father
239:Burial
162:Tenure
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
8383:1997
8377:1926
8373:Louis
8363:1879
8357:1873
8344:1846
8340:Louis
8338:1844
8332:1832
8326:1821
8299:1989
8293:1975
8287:1941
8281:1936
8275:1931
8269:1909
8263:1887
8257:1883
8236:2019
8230:1999
8224:1940
8218:1926
8212:1894
8205:1883
8199:1844
8193:1836
8187:1830
8141:1795
8135:1793
8129:1792
8063:Films
6980:Spain
6613:]
5681:]
5674:Namur
5659:Lille
5636:Valmy
4811:Notes
4249:Great
3626:Louis
3616:Louis
3514:Louis
2356:Died:
2349:Born:
2114:, BNF
1634:Music
1197:Novel
1121:Delft
788:]
761:]
746:]
716:]
663:Pache
656:]
606:]
465:Paris
255:House
87:JSTOR
73:books
8113:1792
7495:and
7079:and
6329:1802
6293:1801
6248:1800
6155:1799
6102:1798
6033:1797
5903:1796
5877:1795
5794:1794
5691:1793
5618:1792
5562:1799
5543:1798
5516:1797
5398:and
5389:1794
5284:1793
5217:1792
5166:1791
5120:1790
5003:1789
4976:1788
4827:both
4644:See
4627:Note
3519:John
3436:1713
2649:and
2253:ISBN
2228:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2080:2020
2054:2020
2038:ISSN
2010:2015
1984:link
1930:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1715:and
1654:Sang
1485:ISBN
1467:ISBN
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1393:ISBN
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970:and
798:and
752:and
631:, a
620:and
548:Hamm
396:and
219:Died
194:Born
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6855:Sir
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1909:at
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