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63:
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280:
252:
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A significant 21st-century restoration is of the castle's principal church, which is dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin Mary. This had been restored just before the Second World War and then largely destroyed in the fighting of 1945. It remained in a state of disrepair until a new restoration was
559:
The castle was expanded several times to house the growing number of
Knights. Soon, it became the largest fortified Gothic building in Europe, on a nearly 21-hectare (52-acre) site. The castle has several subdivisions and numerous layers of defensive walls. It consists of three separate
477:. No contemporary documents survive relating to its construction, so instead the castle's phases have been worked out through the study of architecture and the Order's administrative records and later histories. The work lasted until around 1300, under the auspices of Commander
560:
castles – the High, Middle and Lower
Castles, separated by multiple dry moats and towers. The castle once housed approximately 3,000 "brothers in arms". The outermost castle walls enclose 21 ha (52 acres), four times the enclosed area of
693:
in 1772. During this period the Tall Castle served as the castle's supply storehouse, while the Great
Refectory was a place for balls, feasts, and other royal events. Polish Kings often stayed in the castle, especially when travelling to the nearby city of
777:, produced several engravings of the castle and its architecture, which he exhibited in Berlin. These were published by Friedrich Frick between 1799 and 1803 and led the Prussian public to "rediscover" the castle and the history of the Teutonic Knights.
646:
raised funds from Danzig for a new campaign against them. Learning that the Order's
Bohemian mercenaries had not been paid, Stibor convinced them to leave. He reimbursed them with money raised in Danzig. Following the departure of the mercenaries, King
864:
In memory of the town's residents voting in favor of remaining part of
Germany, after the First World War, a monument of a knight on a tall column was erected in front of the castle. The town was transferred to Poland in 1945, and most of its
869:. In the course of Polonization, the column was cut in half. The upper part remains at the original location and now carries a statue of Mary, mother of Jesus, while the rest of the column can be found supporting a
2025:
672:
The mayor of the town around the castle, Bartholomäus Blume, resisted the Polish forces for three more years, but the Poles captured and sentenced him to death in 1460. A monument to Blume was erected in 1864.
866:
405:
The construction period is a point of debate, but most historians generally accept the 132 years between 1274 and 1406 as the construction time. The castle is a classic example of a medieval
2368:
2009:
575:. During their governance, the Teutonic Knights collected river tolls from passing ships, as did other castles along the rivers. They controlled a monopoly on the trade of
402:
rule for over 170 years until 1945, albeit largely falling into disrepair as military technological advances rendered the castle a mere historical point of interest.
1896:
1089:
773:, a Prussian architect and head of the Royal Office of Works, made a structural survey of the castle, to recommend on its future use or demolition. Gilly's son,
478:
1022:
986:
2092:
1287:
1595:
651:
entered the castle in triumph in 1457, and in May, granted Danzig several privileges in gratitude for the town's assistance and involvement in the
2226:
272:
962:
1058:
89:
998:
2298:
1889:
2338:
2308:
1989:
974:
2328:
2004:
1367:
1046:
2313:
2085:
1034:
419:
in
December 1997. It is one of two World Heritage Sites in the region (north-central Poland), together with the "Medieval Town of
2363:
1882:
2353:
2323:
1909:
638:, the Order – facing opposition from its cities for raising taxes to pay ransoms for expenses associated with its wars against
541:
371:
194:
1253:
2348:
1834:
1816:
1421:
1230:
524:, who arrived in Marienburg from Venice, undertook the next phase of the fortress' construction. In 1309, in the wake of the
424:
17:
1010:
689:. Since 1457 it served as one of the several Polish royal residences, fulfilling this function for over 300 years until the
2333:
652:
635:
567:
The favourable position of the castle on the river Nogat allowed easy access by barges and trading ships arriving from the
517:
930:
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2078:
950:
703:
244:
1748:
639:
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published in "Roczniki
Historyczne", v.II, p.92 of IH PAN (Institute of History, Polish Academy of Science), 1926
469:. Its main purpose was to strengthen their own control of the area following the Order's 1274 suppression of the
1111:
Zarządzenie
Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii.
1145:
Malbork Castle (with an area of 143,591 square meters), the largest castle in the world by KML Area
Calculator.
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434:
794:
published another edition of the engravings on 12 February 1803, also wanting to encourage public interest.
1923:
886:
826:. The restoration of the Marienburg was undertaken in stages until the beginning of the Second World War.
1936:
1683:"Conservation and building works in the complex of the Holy Virgin Church in the Castle Museum in Malbork"
861:
built under Hitler's reign. In 1945 during fighting in the area, more than half the castle was destroyed.
564:. The developed part of the property designated as a World Heritage Site is 18.038 ha (44.57 acres).
1759:
1489:
1403:
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1954:
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62:
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702:) and in 1584 one of the Polish Royal Mints was established here. Also, the largest arsenal of the
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349:
172:
1660:
1397:
698:. Local Polish officials resided in the castle. From 1568 the castle housed the Polish Admiralty (
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551:
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Delta. As with most cities of the time, the new centre was dependent on water for transportation.
450:
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387:
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815:
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1984:
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In the summer of 1410, the castle was besieged following the Order's defeat by the armies of
605:
367:
2171:
1147:
Touropia, the Travel List Website: "10 Largest Castles in the World." Accessed 6 April 2011.
733:
forces occupied the castle. They invaded and occupied it again from 1656 to 1660 during the
390:
residences and the seat of Polish offices and institutions, interrupted by several years of
2186:
1078:
925:
920:
795:
765:. At that time, the king's officers used the rather neglected castle as a barracks for the
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8:
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2156:
1994:
1905:
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416:
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designated the "Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork" and the Malbork Castle Museum a
134:
2246:
1682:
1144:
509:
2131:
758:
620:
616:
470:
423:", which was founded in 1231. Malbork Castle is also one of Poland's official national
2151:
1963:
1855:
1620:
810:, the castle became a symbol of Prussian history and national consciousness. In 1816,
2191:
2102:
1998:
1941:
1830:
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1778:
1744:
1736:
1417:
1226:
1215:
870:
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in 1308. The Order's administrative centre was moved to Marienburg from Elbing (now
504:
Malbork became more important in the aftermath of the Teutonic Knights' conquest of
2267:
2141:
1288:"Bearing witness to a brighter moment in Poland's history: Visiting Malbork Castle"
915:
734:
580:
537:
466:
2121:
2126:
2026:
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
1990:
Tarnowskie Góry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its Underground Water Management System
1949:
1874:
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529:
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318:
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50:
1850:
893:
In a restoration ongoing since 1962, most of the castle has been reconstructed.
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1464:
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489:
after Mary, patron saint of the religious Order. The Order had been created in
462:
383:
345:
814:, governor of West Prussia, began the restoration of the castle. In 1910, the
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2146:
785:
766:
686:
474:
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104:
91:
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2211:
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1707:
1320:
1254:"Zamek Malbork – historia, wnętrza, zwiedzanie, ciekawostki"
850:
842:
834:
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and also as a poorhouse. The last Jesuits left the castle in 1780. In 1794
762:
721:
Map and plans of Malbork castle made in 1629 during the Swedish occupation.
717:
544:. He chose the site of Marienburg conveniently located on the Nogat in the
490:
454:
1959:
the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park
1346:
2100:
1979:
1413:
Preußen in Ostmitteleuropa: Geschehensgeschichte und Verstehensgeschichte
1064:
780:
770:
658:
1861:
1124:"Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork - UNESCO World Heritage Centre"
903:
601:
409:
and, upon its completion in 1406, was the world's largest brick castle.
2136:
1968:
1790:
1274:
572:
433:), as designated on 8 September 1994. Its listing is maintained by the
358:
1596:"100 Jahre Marineschule : Das rote Schloss des deutschen Kaisers"
1173:
1123:
819:
353:
184:
849:
used the castle as a destination for annual pilgrimages of both the
695:
513:
505:
337:. It is the largest castle in the world measured by land area and a
2116:
803:
494:
406:
857:. The Teutonic Castle at Marienburg served as a blueprint for the
655:
as well as for the funds collected for the mercenaries that left.
420:
2272:
711:
664:
612:
568:
545:
375:
330:
76:
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and in 1773 it became part of the newly established province of
642:– could no longer manage financially. Meanwhile, Polish General
822:
was built, and the Marienburg was used as a model for this new
802:, the Prussian army used the castle as a hospital and arsenal.
730:
498:
412:
391:
334:
326:
2010:
Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine
1869:
481:. The castle is located on the southeastern bank of the river
846:
576:
525:
482:
1927:
German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)
1870:
The Association of Castles and Museums around the Baltic Sea
900:
Malbork Castle remains the largest brick complex in Europe.
890:) was founded, and in 1965 an amber exhibition was opened.
881:
A severe fire in 1959 caused further damage to the castle.
798:
was critical of the defacing of the castle. Throughout the
604:
was briefly imprisoned in the castle. In 1365, Polish King
497:
fell to Muslim Arabs, the Order moved its headquarters to
1642:"Entlastet vom "Alten Fritz" Zwei Denkmal-Geschichten".
1090:
List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
681:
In 1466 both castle and town became part of the Polish
493:(present-day Israel). When this last stronghold of the
2369:
Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century
714:
took care of the castle chapels of Mary and St. Anne.
904:
Burials in the mausoleum under the Chapel of St. Anne
873:
statue in a monastery garden near St. John's church.
1382:
706:was located in the castle. By the decision of King
1904:
1214:
1212:
992:Interior view of the tower over the main entrance
748:
536:, Feuchtwangen relocated his headquarters to the
2290:
1739:(1992). "Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas".
1443:
676:
1661:"Castle of Knights - Malbork, Poland in Photos"
1347:"Malbork Castle – Battle Castle"
1277:, WHC-08/32.COM/8D, UNESCO, Paris, 22 May 2008.
837:. Most of the brick outer walls remained intact
806:visited the castle in 1807 and 1812. After the
737:. Then the castle was visited by Swedish kings
394:occupation, fulfilling this function until the
1646:(4). Westpreußische Gesellschaft: 13–14. 2023.
1409:
1028:Sculptures at the entrance of St Anne's chapel
753:After Prussia and the Russian Empire made the
2086:
1890:
1390:
1541:
1539:
398:in 1772. From then on, the castle was under
42:
1573:
1380:
1167:
1165:
631:, during which the city outside was razed.
583:, many Hanseatic meetings were held there.
2093:
2079:
1897:
1883:
1196:
1194:
2040:Białowieża Forest / Belovezhskaya Pushcha
2005:Wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland
1735:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1275:"Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork"
1174:"Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork"
876:
1862:History and photos of the Malbork castle
1827:Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights
1824:
1524:
1374:
1162:
828:
779:
716:
657:
585:
550:
449:
1971:Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region
1932:Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
1206:
1191:
1138:
579:. When the city became a member of the
555:Array of iron warriors in the courtyard
303:Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
287:Malbork Castle (Pomeranian Voivodeship)
145:Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
14:
2291:
1777:
1607:
1601:
1459:
1457:
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279:
251:
2074:
1878:
1757:
1743:(in German). Berlin: Siedler Verlag.
1655:
1653:
1621:"Daytrip from Gdańsk: Malbork Castle"
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1200:
1156:
1116:
968:Exterior view of one of the entrances
757:in 1772, the town was annexed by the
2101:Royal palaces and residences of the
1806:
1783:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1150:
1106:
1104:
627:successfully led the defence in the
518:Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
259:Location of Malbork Castle in Poland
67:Malbork Castle from across the Nogat
2299:Art museums and galleries in Poland
1454:
1396:Andrzej Nowak and Dariusz Osowski,
386:. It then served as one of several
24:
1799:
1650:
1416:. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 193.
1302:
1213:Stephen Batchelor (21 July 2010).
1171:
597:In 1361, the future Grand Duke of
290:Show map of Pomeranian Voivodeship
25:
2380:
2339:Museums in Pomeranian Voivodeship
2309:Castles in Pomeranian Voivodeship
1844:
1221:. John Wiley & Sons. p.
1126:. Whc.unesco.org. 7 December 1997
1101:
1004:Exterior view of the castle walls
931:Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg
867:inhabitants fled or were expelled
845:to power in the early 1930s, the
435:National Heritage Board of Poland
2329:Historic house museums in Poland
2225:
1767:The Castle Studies Group Journal
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
859:Order Castles of the Third Reich
784:Castle in 1890–1905, during the
278:
271:
250:
243:
61:
2314:Castles of the Teutonic Knights
1980:Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski
1728:
1700:
1675:
1635:
1613:
1586:
1551:
1482:
1437:
1360:
1339:
1280:
1172:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1113:, M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 420
329:complex located in the town of
2364:World Heritage Sites in Poland
2058:shared with 17 other countries
1760:"Malbork Castle – Poland"
1581:Schloss Marienburg in Preussen
1246:
1016:Partially reconstructed chapel
833:Ruins of the castle after the
749:After the Partitions of Poland
704:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
225:M.P. z 1994 r. Nr 50, poz. 420
13:
1:
2354:Residences of Polish monarchs
2324:Gothic architecture in Poland
1095:
677:Residence of the Polish kings
653:Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)
2349:Registered museums in Poland
1687:funduszeeog.zamek.malbork.pl
1447:Altpreussische Monatsschrift
1217:Medieval History For Dummies
501:before arriving in Prussia.
461:The castle was built by the
7:
2334:State of the Teutonic Order
2177:Piotrków Trybunalski Castle
1072:
980:Gate over the main entrance
884:In 1961 the Castle Museum (
592:zamek wysoki) from the west
534:Teutonic takeover of Danzig
207:Historic Monument of Poland
10:
2385:
2359:Royal residences in Poland
1825:Turnbull, Stephen (2003),
1809:The Architecture of Poland
1741:Ostpreußen und Westpreußen
942:
897:completed in April 2016.
808:War of the Sixth Coalition
644:Stibor de Poniec of Ostoja
629:Siege of Marienburg (1410)
522:Siegfried von Feuchtwangen
445:
440:
344:It was constructed by the
339:UNESCO World Heritage Site
135:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2260:
2234:
2223:
2109:
2048:
2018:
1950:Historic Centre of Warsaw
1916:
1450:. Thomas & Oppermann.
1444:von Rudolf Reide (1864).
1256:(in Polish). 21 June 2016
1085:List of castles in Poland
1052:Corridor of the cloisters
792:Johann Dominicus Fiorillo
755:First Partition of Poland
691:First Partition of Poland
590:View of the High Castle (
396:First Partition of Poland
374:, the castle was sold by
237:
233:
229:
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204:
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190:
180:
165:
157:
149:
141:
132:
128:
120:
83:
72:
60:
39:
34:
27:Teutonic castle in Poland
2032:Bieszczady National Park
1964:Krakow's Historic Centre
1937:Centennial Hall, Wrocław
1811:, Barrie & Jenkins,
1785:. Simon & Schuster.
1559:"Malbork castle - Heyme"
1040:Windows in the cloisters
936:Konrad von Erlichshausen
350:Catholic religious order
2344:Prussian cultural sites
2319:Decorative arts museums
1758:Emery, Anthony (2007).
1410:Matthias Weber (2003).
471:Great Prussian Uprising
467:conquest of Old Prussia
1975:Medieval Town of Toruń
1512:Cite journal requires
1490:"Friedrich Gilly - oi"
1398:Królewski herb Gdańska
1081:, similar architecture
911:Dietrich von Altenburg
877:Restoration since 1962
855:League of German Girls
838:
788:
722:
669:
594:
556:
458:
370:. In 1457, during the
322:
314:
43:
1955:Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
1945:in Jawor and Świdnica
1851:Malbork Castle Museum
1593:Flensburger Tageblatt
832:
783:
720:
661:
613:Władysław II Jagiełło
606:Casimir III the Great
589:
554:
457:details of the castle
453:
382:of Poland in lieu of
368:Mary, mother of Jesus
325:), is a 13th-century
323:Ordensburg Marienburg
105:54.03972°N 19.02778°E
18:Ordensburg Marienburg
2187:Royal Castle, Warsaw
2182:Royal Castle, Poznań
1906:World Heritage Sites
1807:Knox, Brian (1971),
1598:, shz.de (in German)
1469:www.inyourpocket.com
1079:Trakai Island Castle
1067:in St. Anne's Chapel
926:Konrad von Jungingen
921:Winrich von Kniprode
816:Naval Academy Mürwik
796:Max von Schenkendorf
708:John II Casimir Vasa
649:Casimir IV Jagiellon
634:In 1456, during the
608:visited the castle.
540:part of the Order's
479:Heinrich von Wilnowe
378:mercenaries to King
356:, in the form of an
305:, commonly known as
2252:Ogrodzieniec Castle
2061:shared with Belarus
2055:shared with Ukraine
2052:shared with Germany
1858:, Castles of Poland
1465:"History - Malbork"
1383:"History of Poniec"
729:, in 1626 and 1629
685:in the province of
683:Malbork Voivodeship
636:Thirteen Years' War
625:Heinrich von Plauen
528:persecution of the
417:World Heritage Site
372:Thirteen Years' War
362:fortress and named
101: /
2172:Niepołomice Castle
2132:Copper-Roof Palace
1985:Old City of Zamość
1924:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1737:Boockmann, Hartmut
1623:. 24 February 2015
1610:, pp. 255–256
839:
789:
759:Kingdom of Prussia
723:
670:
621:Battle of Grunwald
617:Vytautas the Great
595:
557:
459:
425:Historic Monuments
262:Show map of Poland
222:Reference no.
181:Reference no.
110:54.03972; 19.02778
2286:
2285:
2192:Sandomierz Castle
2167:Myślewicki Palace
2103:Kingdom of Poland
2068:
2067:
1942:Churches of Peace
1836:978-1-84176-557-0
1818:978-0-214-65211-0
1423:978-3-486-56718-2
1400:, Album Polski.pl
1381:Antoni Eckstein.
1368:"Ken Robson Home"
1232:978-0-470-74783-4
871:Saint Christopher
841:With the rise of
812:Theodor von Schön
727:Thirty Years' War
640:Kingdom of Poland
510:Eastern Pomerania
299:
298:
176:
16:(Redirected from
2376:
2268:Mariemont Palace
2247:Nowy Sącz Castle
2229:
2142:Kazimierz Palace
2095:
2088:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2034:
2001:Royal Salt Mines
1960:
1946:
1928:
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1866:
1839:
1821:
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1764:
1754:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1712:European castles
1704:
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1579:C. Steinbrecht,
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1549:
1548:, pp. 36–40
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1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
953:
916:Heinrich Dusemer
835:Second World War
743:Charles X Gustav
619:(Witold) at the
581:Hanseatic League
315:Zamek w Malborku
291:
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44:Zamek w Malborku
32:
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2127:Bobolice Castle
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2014:
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1800:Further reading
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1779:Shirer, William
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2217:Wilanów Palace
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2207:Ujazdów Castle
2204:
2202:Tykocin Castle
2199:
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2174:
2169:
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2162:Malbork Castle
2159:
2157:Łęczyca Castle
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1644:Der Westpreuße
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1583:, Berlin, 1894
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1546:Boockmann 1992
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700:Komisja Morska
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662:Toilet tower (
562:Windsor Castle
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463:Teutonic Order
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2304:Brick Gothic
2278:Saxon Palace
2212:Wawel Castle
2197:Sanok Castle
2161:
1931:
1826:
1808:
1782:
1770:
1766:
1740:
1729:Bibliography
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1643:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1615:
1603:
1592:
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1580:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1553:
1526:
1505:cite journal
1493:. Retrieved
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:
1446:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1412:
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1376:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1341:
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1324:
1292:. Retrieved
1282:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1216:
1208:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:
1152:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
956:General view
899:
895:
892:
885:
883:
880:
863:
851:Hitler Youth
843:Adolf Hitler
840:
823:
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763:West Prussia
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739:Gustav Adolf
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388:Polish royal
363:
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343:
306:
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124:13th century
29:
1865:(in Polish)
1608:Shirer 1960
1331:15 November
1327:(in Polish)
1065:Gravestones
771:David Gilly
745:(in 1656).
725:During the
384:indemnities
348:, a German
161:ii, iii, iv
108: /
84:Coordinates
2293:Categories
2261:Demolished
2137:Green Gate
1969:Krzemionki
1829:, Osprey,
1791:B000EA3XL4
1773:: 138–156.
1321:"Historia"
1201:Emery 2007
1157:Emery 2007
1096:References
824:Red Castle
573:Baltic Sea
487:Marienburg
465:after the
380:Casimir IV
364:Marienburg
359:Ordensburg
217:1994-09-08
214:Designated
166:Designated
96:19°01′40″E
93:54°02′23″N
1995:Wieliczka
1856:"Malbork"
1708:"Malbork"
820:Flensburg
710:of 1652,
599:Lithuania
354:crusaders
2117:Belweder
1917:Cultural
1781:(1960).
1073:See also
853:and the
804:Napoleon
602:Kęstutis
571:and the
538:Prussian
532:and the
495:Crusades
407:fortress
376:Bohemian
158:Criteria
153:Cultural
79:, Poland
73:Location
2273:Marywil
2019:Natural
1999:Bochnia
1717:17 July
1692:17 July
1667:17 July
1627:17 July
1565:17 July
1495:17 July
1474:17 July
1429:25 July
1352:17 July
1294:17 July
1260:17 July
1238:25 July
1183:17 July
1130:25 July
943:Gallery
731:Swedish
712:Jesuits
665:dansker
569:Vistula
546:Vistula
516:). The
473:of the
446:Origins
441:History
392:Swedish
331:Malbork
173:session
77:Malbork
2235:Ruined
2110:Extant
1910:Poland
1833:
1815:
1789:
1747:
1420:
1229:
735:Deluge
514:Elbląg
506:Gdańsk
499:Venice
413:UNESCO
400:German
335:Poland
327:castle
319:German
311:Polish
195:Poland
191:Region
171:(21st
51:Polish
47:
1763:(PDF)
847:Nazis
577:amber
526:papal
483:Nogat
421:Toruń
169:1997
121:Built
1997:and
1831:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1787:ASIN
1745:ISBN
1719:2018
1694:2018
1669:2018
1629:2018
1567:2018
1518:help
1497:2018
1476:2018
1431:2012
1418:ISBN
1354:2018
1333:2019
1296:2018
1262:2018
1240:2012
1227:ISBN
1185:2018
1132:2012
615:and
491:Acre
301:The
150:Type
1908:in
1223:363
818:in
352:of
185:847
2295::
1957::
1771:21
1769:.
1765:.
1710:.
1685:.
1652:^
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1509::
1507:}}
1503:{{
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341:.
333:,
321::
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313::
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1516:(
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1134:.
668:)
427:(
309:(
175:)
53:)
49:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
