108:
266:
505:
330:) over all towns and fortresses and the associated revenues to the Teutonic Order. In return, the Order imposed on the districts maintaining the garrisons of mercenaries the obligation to provide ongoing maintenance for the garrisons and fodder for the horses, and undertook to repay all debts to the mercenaries by 19 February 1455. In the event of failure to meet the deadline, the Order was forced to hand over to the mercenaries all towns occupied by them, along with the population, and fortresses with the captives held there for ransom, with the right to sell them to satisfy their claims.
376:, as well as the recapture of several towns and fortresses back to the side of the Order. However, further vigorous actions were necessary due to the failure to recapture any major urban centers and the associated income, as well as the wavering stance of Lower and Upper Prussia. In the winter of 1454, the Teutonic Order managed to seize a number of fortresses forming a barrier securing Malbork and the Vistula crossings, and in January 1455, they repelled the offensive launched by the Kingdom of Poland with the forces of the peasant militia from Lesser Poland.
363:
318:
555:
27:
520:, concluded a new treaty with the Prussian Confederation and the Kingdom of Poland regarding the sale of six fortresses. However, still in the same month, the Teutonic Order managed to pay advances to the mercenaries occupying Debrzno, Chojnice, and Czarne. As a result, these garrisons withdrew from the treaty of 16 August 1456. Both sides of the conflict began to accumulate the agreed sums.
416:, and Iława on 2 May 1455, forcibly asserting their rights as rulers. Grand Master von Erlichshausen became a hostage in his own capital, and deprived of control over Malbork and the revenues from the castle district, he could not support the ongoing siege of the port district of Königsberg – Kneiphof, which had begun in April 1455. The commander of the Teutonic forces near Königsberg,
281:) cost half of that amount. The annual income of the Kingdom of Poland was around 90,000 florins. Due to loans for financing the Hungarian War (1440–1444) and the distribution of royal estates to nobles, the treasury of the Kingdom of Poland was depleted. In the critical situation of the royal treasury, larger expenditures depended on special
579:, defended by Fritz Raweneck, did not succeed – the besieging forces commanded by Prandota Lubieszowski were forced to retreat on 22 September 1457. At the same time, Grand Master von Erlichshausen secretly made his way to Königsberg, which he made the new capital of the Teutonic state and the main bastion of further resistance.
491:
von Plauen and treaty supporter von
Zinnenberg proposed better terms for the mercenaries, and on 14 August 1456, a treaty was signed in Prabuty – the garrisons of most fortresses renounced the Toruń treaty, surrendering 15 fortresses to the Teutonic Order in exchange for the obligation to repay debts
448:
During the negotiations, the mercenary rittmasters failed to maintain a unified stance. For the Polish side, the most important point of negotiation was to establish the terms of the purchase of the fortress in
Malbork, and the potential purchase of other fortresses was of secondary importance. The
288:
At the beginning of the
Thirteen Years' War, the mercenary forces recruited by the Order were paid advance payments. Deprived of income from the 56 Prussian towns, which rebelled against the Grand Master or were seized by the insurgents in the spring of 1454, the Order was unable to promptly settle
444:
In the summer of 1455, the
Prussian Confederation and the Kingdom of Poland began negotiations with the mercenaries for the redemption of captured fortresses. Due to the bankruptcy of both sides of the conflict and the repulsion of another expedition of the Polish mass mobilization in the fall of
348:
Overall, this treaty was advantageous for the Order because it allowed the Grand Master to continue military operations with the intention of recapturing the
Prussian towns and paying off the mercenaries, while also protecting the Order from separate claims made by individual mercenary units. Its
545:
Under the modified treaty, which was agreed upon in the spring of 1457, the mercenaries sold the fortresses in
Malbork, Tczew, and Iława to the Kingdom of Poland for a total amount of 190,000 florins. On 6 June 1457, after the payment of the final installment, the Kingdom of Poland took over the
325:
On 9 October 1454, in
Malbork, at the initiative of the Order's authorities, an agreement was reached between the Grand Master and the commanders of the mercenary units, represented by rittmasters Bernard von Zinnenberg, Adolf von Gleichen, and Hans von Monfort-Pfannenberg, regarding a guarantee
292:
On 28 September 1454, the authorities of the Order admitted to the commanders of the mercenary units who arrived in
Malbork that they did not have sufficient financial means to pay their wages. In response, individual mercenary units ceased active operations against the Prussian Confederation.
495:
The supporters of the Toruń treaty occupying the fortress in Gniew sparked a revolt against the fortress command, but it was suppressed by mercenaries loyal to the Order, and the group opting to sell the fortress was forced to leave and went to
Malbork. The fortresses, embroiled in internal
449:
Czech mercenary rittmasters led the proponents of making a deal with the
Kingdom of Poland, although they represented only one-third of the mercenaries participating in the treaty. The German proponents of selling the fortresses to Poland were led by the mercenary Mikołaj Welfersdorf.
452:
In December 1455, the negotiating situation of the parties became complicated when, after rejecting the initial proposals of the mercenaries, the Polish side broke off negotiations, and the mercenaries offered the fortresses they held to any potential buyer – especially to
563:
On 8 June 1457, Casimir IV entered the castle in Malbork ceremoniously, and the feudal homage on behalf of the city of Malbork was paid to him by Mayor Bartłomiej Blume. The king also regained the banners lost at Chojnice. Ludwig von Erlichshausen fled to
586:. After the removal of the Polish garrison from Iława on 1 October 1457, the inhabitants overthrew the pro-Polish authorities of the city and, after reaching agreements with the Teutonic castellan Urlich von Kinsberg, restored the authority of the Order.
154:
still under the Order's control for unpaid military compensation, the mercenaries agreed to continue military operations on behalf of the Order until 19 February 1455, despite not receiving the agreed payment. This enabled the Teutonic Order to repel the
371:
In the first months after the signing of the Malbork treaty, the military actions conducted on credit brought significant successes to the Teutonic Order: temporary disruption of communication along the Vistula between Poland and Gdańsk and the
469:. However, they rejected the unfavorable proposal of the Livonians (the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order) to hand over the fortress in Marienburg (Malbork) for 100,000 florins and a promise to pay another 100,000 florins at a later date.
424:, was forced to allocate the newly collected taxes from Lower Prussia to his soldiers, deepening the crisis of the Grand Master. Von Erlichshausen could also not count on assistance from the uninvolved in the mortgage agreements Duke of
407:
On 23 April 1455, the Grand Master once again failed to meet the deadline for paying the Teutonic soldiers' wages, and as a result, the mutinous mercenaries under Czerwonka's command seized control of the fortresses in Malbork, Tczew,
326:
agreement. According to its provisions, the rittmasters undertook to defend the fortresses and towns occupied by them against Poland and the Prussian Confederation and to continue serving the Order, leaving both the supreme authority (
308:
in Tczew. The mercenaries confiscated silver and church jewels as well as food in the Teutonic capital to cover their debts, causing provisioning difficulties for Malbork, but they did not obtain satisfaction for most of their claims.
558:
Remains of the medieval city walls of Iława. The city, sold by mercenaries to the Kingdom of Poland along with Tczew and Malbork, returned to the control of the Teutonic Order in October 1457 due to the actions of the pro-Teutonic
379:
Attempts to restore the authority of the Grand Master over Gdańsk, which repelled the Teutonic attack on 13 January 1455, and Toruń, which suppressed the pro-Teutonic conspiracy of the burghers on 13 March 1455, failed.
212:, and the fall of key fortresses in February 1454 caused panic among the Teutonic Knights – many of them left for Germany or fled to Malbork, without attempting to defend the Teutonic territories against the rebels.
391:
to the Prussian Confederation forced the Teutonic authorities to organize an expedition aimed at ultimately capturing Königsberg and reclaiming Lower Prussia and Sambia. Actions against Kneiphof and the Confederate
535:. Despite the support of these disturbances by the Teutonic Order, the city councils of the Prussian Confederation cities managed to maintain power and suppress the rebellions with the help of royal mercenaries.
366:
The Teutonic Order's fortifications in Malbork. The fortress acquired in 1457 by the Kingdom of Poland from the mercenaries remained until the end of the 16th century one of the three strongest fortresses in
508:
The defensive walls of Tczew, one of the fortresses purchased by the Kingdom of Poland and the Prussian Confederation from the Teutonic mercenaries. Tczew remained in Polish hands until the end of the war.
182:
The failure to meet the agreed payment deadline, as well as subsequent payment deadlines, led to the sale of the unconquered fortress in Malbork to the Kingdom of Poland by the mercenaries commanded by
582:
On 28 September 1457, due to betrayal from the pro-Teutonic faction in Malbork, led by Bartłomiej Blume, Teutonic forces took control of the city and began to assault the fortress, initiating the
304:
regarding the postponement of the mercenaries' payment deadline. On 7 October, the majority of the mercenary units set off towards Malbork, leaving a small detachment under the command of
349:
drawbacks could only be revealed by the failure to fulfill the treaty within the specified time frame, about which the Order undertook to inform the mercenaries with a one-month notice.
445:
1455, the Czech and German commanders of the mercenaries, who had the greatest military strength in Prussia, became the masters of the situation and made extravagant demands.
111:
The Czech units, relying on field fortifications, repelled the attack of mounted knights – the new infantry tactics revolutionized the ways of waging wars in the 15th century.
472:
In June 1456, the leader of the mercenaries, Czerwonka, proposed to the Kingdom of Poland the sale of 21 fortresses in exchange for 463,794 florins, representing the overdue
184:
1059:
172:
269:
The fortress in Malbork at night. The unconquered capital of the Teutonic Order during the Thirteen Years' War was sold to Poland by German and Czech mercenaries.
539:
305:
488:
632:, described as "treachery that struck the Order on the head". The seizure of Malbork by the Kingdom of Poland is mentioned in the last chapter (LII) of
538:
A significant portion of the funds necessary for the purchase of fortresses was borrowed by the city of Gdańsk in exchange for granting the city a
1563:
257:, gained open access to the Prussian state and relief for Malbork, and undermined the position of the Kingdom of Poland in the Prussian states.
1527:
1494:
1461:
806:
589:
Oldrzych Czerwonka, in exchange for siding with King Casimir IV and handing over the fortress in Malbork, was rewarded with the grant of three
321:
The Teutonic Order's fortress in Malbork – the location of the signing of the guarantee agreement between the Grand Master and the mercenaries.
601:
of Malbork. Under his pressure, Bernard von Zinnenberg, who had been captured at Chojnice, was eventually released from Polish captivity.
1578:
612:
and unbecoming conduct of a soldier, and was imprisoned. The accuser was also a subject of the Czech lands, Bernard von Zinnenberg.
383:
Only in March 1455, due to the pro-Teutonic revolt of the burghers in two out of three districts of the capital of Lower Prussia,
480:– the mercenaries undertook to sell the fortresses in exchange for 436,000 florins and agreed to receive ¼ of the agreed price
143:
40:
1067:
1511:
1445:
790:
697:
208:
The rapid development of the uprising in Prussia, the disobedience to the Order's authorities by the cities belonging to the
334:
301:
31:
Grand Master Ludwig von Erlichshausen's negotiations with the commanders of the mercenary army in the Malbork fortress.
432:, who, on 16 June 1455, led his own mercenaries and garrisons from nearby fortresses, totaling 932 cavalrymen and 571
1544:
1478:
1426:
916:
523:
The intensive accumulation of funds for the redemption of fortresses through tax increases sparked rebellions of the
399:
By the end of April 1455, the unpaid obligations of the Teutonic Order to the mercenaries exceeded 400,000 florins.
1573:
215:
The loss of control over the Prussian state and the lack of knights prevented the Grand Master from mobilizing the
1583:
265:
156:
127:
546:
capital of the Teutonic state – Malbork, along with the fortress, and on 13 June 1457, Tczew and Iława.
583:
150:(Bernard Szumborski). In exchange for obtaining a guarantee with the right to sell the most important
242:
107:
638:
333:
The model for such a constructed treaty was ultimately the unfulfilled treaty of 1447 between Duke
131:
72:
1588:
1568:
604:
In March 1460, Czerwonka was tried in Prague before the royal court, presided over by the regent
429:
496:
conflicts, were unable to engage in any activity, and land military operations came to a halt.
476:
and compensation for lost horses and weapons. Finally, on 29 July 1456, a treaty was signed in
466:
393:
209:
176:
605:
512:
On 16 August 1456, Czerwonka, on behalf of the garrisons of Malbork, Tczew, Iława, Chojnice,
473:
338:
1534:
1305:
1290:
1255:
254:
504:
8:
417:
387:, did the city pass to the side of the Grand Master. The loyalty of the port district of
297:
160:
1521:
1488:
1455:
800:
633:
433:
278:
250:
246:
216:
147:
77:
621:
1540:
1507:
1474:
1441:
1422:
912:
786:
693:
571:
Subsequently, in July 1457, an attempt to control the entire navigable route of the
219:
to defend the Order, forcing him to rely on mercenary forces for military actions.
241:
The superiority of the mercenaries' tactics was demonstrated in the turning point
119:
93:
1468:
1390:
1142:
979:
819:
750:
1557:
373:
260:
168:
384:
1366:
231:
1435:
1350:
1320:
1225:
1172:
1157:
1122:
1107:
1039:
1024:
961:
946:
931:
888:
870:
852:
730:
362:
462:
317:
164:
620:
The sale of the fortress in Malbork by mercenary forces is mentioned in
235:
151:
135:
591:
342:
227:
223:
187:
and Nikolai Welfersdorf on 6 June 1457, as well as the fortresses in
139:
554:
528:
421:
597:
565:
524:
388:
532:
477:
192:
609:
572:
517:
458:
454:
425:
123:
59:
300:(the younger) and Wit von Schönburg began negotiations with the
513:
481:
274:
245:
on 18 September 1454 – the Teutonic army under the command of
203:
26:
576:
413:
409:
188:
660:
Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prusami
1537:
Wojna trzynastoletnia i powrót Polski nad Bałtyk w XV wieku
1307:
Wojna trzynastoletnia i powrót Polski nad Bałtyk w XV wieku
1292:
Wojna trzynastoletnia i powrót Polski nad Bałtyk w XV wieku
1257:
Wojna trzynastoletnia i powrót Polski nad Bałtyk w XV wieku
261:
Bankruptcy of the Teutonic Order and the Kingdom of Poland
222:
The mercenaries mainly came from Germany and Bohemia. The
492:
by November 1456 and favorable terms of further service.
282:
436:, to leave Malbork and reinforce the siege of Kneiphof.
273:
The annual cost of hiring one mounted mercenary was 40
226:, emigrating from Czech lands after the victory of the
179:, and regain control of several fortresses from them.
783:
Dzieje Polski – 1340–1468 Królestwo zwycięskiego orła
1060:"Reuss von Plauen Henryk – Wielki Mistrz Krzyżacki"
909:
Zakon Krzyżacki. Dwanaście rozdziałów jego historii
1501:
1416:
1335:
1270:
1240:
1210:
1190:
1092:
1009:
994:
834:
765:
715:
672:
234:for fear of reprisals, were the precursors of the
341:regarding the pledge of pay on the fortresses in
118:was signed on 9 October 1454, in the fortress of
1555:
238:of fighting with the use of mercenary infantry.
249:defeated the undisciplined and outdated Polish
1471:Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506)
1144:Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506)
981:Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506)
821:Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506)
752:Dzieje Polski późnośredniowiecznej (1370–1506)
499:
142:troops fighting on behalf of the Order in the
549:
312:
204:Mercenary troops in the Thirteen Years' War
16:1454 treaty with Teutonic Order mercenaries
1526:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1493:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1460:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1438:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1352:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1322:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1227:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1174:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1159:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1124:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1109:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1041:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
1026:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
963:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
948:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
933:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
890:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
872:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
854:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
805:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
732:Trzynastoletnia wojna z Zakonem Krzyżackim
352:
25:
906:
126:). It was between the authorities of the
687:
657:
553:
503:
361:
316:
264:
198:
106:
1057:
43:, lack of funds to pay mercenary troops
1556:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1186:
1184:
785:. Vol. III. Cracow. p. 419.
402:
159:offensive on Malbork in January 1455,
1138:
1136:
1134:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1053:
1051:
975:
973:
911:. Warsaw: VOLUMEN. pp. 243–244.
902:
900:
884:
882:
866:
864:
848:
846:
780:
642:, described as "a fortunate moment".
396:for the city lasted until July 1455.
746:
744:
742:
711:
709:
662:. Vol. II. Warsaw. p. 287.
465:, and to the exiled King of Sweden,
1279:
1199:
1181:
296:On 4 October 1454, the rittmasters
13:
1131:
1081:
1048:
970:
897:
879:
861:
843:
130:, represented by the Grand Master
14:
1600:
1579:History of Pomeranian Voivodeship
1367:"Stefan Żeromski: Wiatr od morza"
739:
706:
357:
1564:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
1502:Dyskant, Józef Wiesław (2009).
1410:
1383:
1359:
1344:
1329:
1314:
1299:
1264:
1249:
1234:
1219:
1166:
1151:
1116:
1101:
1033:
1018:
1003:
988:
955:
940:
925:
828:
277:, while an infantry mercenary (
1469:Baczkowski, Krzysztof (1999).
1391:"Henryk Sienkiewicz: Krzyżacy"
813:
774:
759:
724:
681:
666:
651:
289:its debts to the mercenaries.
1:
645:
615:
690:Chojnice 1454. Świecino 1462
439:
7:
907:Boockmann, Hartmut (1998).
575:by capturing the fortified
500:Sale of Prussian fortresses
10:
1605:
688:Nowaczyk, Bernard (2012).
550:Consequences of the treaty
185:Oldrich (Urlich) Czerwonka
1417:Jasienica, Paweł (1992).
86:
65:
55:
47:
36:
24:
639:The Knights of the Cross
313:Conditions of the treaty
132:Ludwig von Erlichshausen
73:Ludwig von Erlichshausen
1574:15th century in Prussia
1535:Biskup, Marian (1990).
1473:. Vol. 3. Cracow.
1436:Biskup, Marian (2014).
781:Nowak, Andrzej (2017).
658:Rogalski, Leon (1846).
353:Execution of the treaty
1584:15th century in Poland
560:
509:
368:
322:
270:
210:Prussian Confederation
177:Prussian Confederation
148:Bernard von Zinnenberg
134:, and the commanders (
112:
78:Bernard von Zinnenberg
595:and appointed as the
557:
507:
365:
320:
268:
247:Bernard von Zinneberg
199:Origins of the treaty
110:
161:recapture Königsberg
152:Prussian strongholds
1356:, pp. 572–573)
1276:, pp. 115–116)
1113:, pp. 374–376)
1030:, pp. 356–357)
952:, pp. 285–287)
937:, pp. 282–283)
876:, pp. 293–294)
825:, pp. 152–154)
736:, pp. 276–277)
678:, pp. 187–190)
630:Bitwa pod Świecinem
606:George of Poděbrady
584:Siege of Marienburg
418:Heinrich von Plauen
403:Mercenary rebellion
298:Heinrich von Plauen
144:Thirteen Years' War
41:Thirteen Years' War
21:
1504:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1419:Polska Jagiellonów
1337:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1272:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1242:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1212:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1192:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1094:Zatoka Świeża 1463
1011:Zatoka Świeża 1463
996:Zatoka Świeża 1463
836:Polska Jagiellonów
767:Zatoka Świeża 1463
717:Polska Jagiellonów
674:Polska Jagiellonów
634:Henryk Sienkiewicz
561:
510:
430:Balthasar of Żagań
369:
323:
306:Oldrzych Czerwonka
271:
243:Battle of Chojnice
113:
19:
1513:978-83-11-11571-2
1447:978-83-7889-288-5
1395:literat.ug.edu.pl
1371:literat.ug.edu.pl
1064:www.dawnytczew.pl
792:978-83-7553-223-4
699:978-83-11-12337-3
489:Grand Hospitaller
251:mass mobilization
217:mass mobilization
195:on 13 June 1457.
146:, represented by
105:
104:
1596:
1550:
1531:
1525:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1432:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1140:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1066:. Archived from
1055:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
992:
986:
977:
968:
959:
953:
944:
938:
929:
923:
922:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
826:
817:
811:
810:
804:
796:
778:
772:
763:
757:
748:
737:
728:
722:
713:
704:
703:
685:
679:
670:
664:
663:
655:
339:mercenary forces
29:
22:
18:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1429:
1413:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1349:
1345:
1334:
1330:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1280:
1269:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1239:
1235:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1171:
1167:
1156:
1152:
1141:
1132:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1056:
1049:
1038:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1008:
1004:
993:
989:
978:
971:
960:
956:
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169:Lower Prussia
167:) along with
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1411:Bibliography
1398:. Retrieved
1394:
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302:Grand Master
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232:Hussite Wars
221:
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463:Brandenburg
335:William III
165:Kaliningrad
136:rittmasters
98:mercenaries
66:Signatories
1558:Categories
1506:. Warsaw.
1400:2018-06-10
1376:2018-06-10
1074:2018-05-31
646:References
616:In culture
592:starostwos
385:Königsberg
328:Herrschaft
255:Casimir IV
228:Utraquists
120:Marienburg
1522:cite book
1489:cite book
1456:cite book
801:cite book
636:'s novel
624:'s novel
525:commoners
440:Prognosis
343:Thuringia
224:Taborites
175:from the
140:mercenary
138:) of the
598:starosta
566:Chojnice
559:faction.
482:in goods
434:trabants
389:Kneiphof
337:and the
56:Location
610:treason
573:Vistula
518:Debrzno
459:Denmark
455:Livonia
426:Silesia
367:Poland.
279:trabant
275:florins
253:led by
236:tactics
230:in the
173:Samland
124:Malbork
87:Parties
60:Malbork
37:Context
1543:
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1477:
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1425:
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608:, for
529:Gdańsk
516:, and
514:Czarne
422:Elbląg
394:relief
157:Polish
48:Signed
1354:(2014
1339:(2009
1324:(2014
1309:(1990
1294:(1990
1274:(2009
1259:(1990
1244:(2009
1229:(2014
1214:(2009
1194:(2009
1176:(2014
1161:(2014
1146:(1999
1126:(2014
1111:(2014
1096:(2009
1043:(2014
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1013:(2009
998:(2009
983:(1999
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892:(2014
874:(2014
856:(2014
838:(1992
823:(1999
769:(2009
754:(1999
734:(2014
719:(1992
676:(1992
577:Gniew
533:Toruń
478:Toruń
414:Gniew
410:Sztum
283:taxes
193:Iława
189:Tczew
1541:ISBN
1528:link
1508:ISBN
1495:link
1475:ISBN
1462:link
1442:ISBN
1423:ISBN
913:ISBN
807:link
787:ISBN
694:ISBN
531:and
487:The
191:and
171:and
527:in
420:of
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