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and
Critoboulus go on to use money as an example. If a man does not know how to use something, it is therefore not his property. With money, if a man does not know how to use it then he should not consider it as his property. Socrates makes the argument that a man's assets are not property unless he learns to use them diligently and wisely. This relates back to his points about effectively managing a household and leads him to talk about his conversation with Ischomachus.
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371:, Ischomachus incorporates his wife into household management as soon as they are married and even relies on her to run the household. He does not hide away assets he sees as property, rather he shares them with her. He sees his marriage as a give-and-take relationship, where both he and his wife share equal parts in its success.
187:
Critoboulus claims that a man’s wealth consists of things that benefit, while the things that do not benefit and injure him are not part of his wealth. Continuing with the flute analogy, he concludes that as possessions, they are worthless, but if sold, they become part of the man’s wealth. Socrates
182:
Then although they are the same, they are property to him who knows how to use each of them, but to him who does not know, they are no property; as for instance flutes are property to one who knows how to play tolerably well, but to one who does not know are nothing more than useless pebbles, unless
326:
rather than a stand-in for
Xenophon. Some have suggested that the Ischomachus of the dialogue is the same man whose family became the subject of ridicule in Athenian political oratory. After this Ischomachus died, his widow moved in with her daughter and son-in-law Callias and soon became pregnant
366:
examination of marital relationships and household management. In
Pomeroy's commentary, she argues that Xenophon views a wife as more than just a means of reproduction. This is contrary to misogynistic Athenian ideals of marriage where once a wife birthed the necessary number of children, she was
342:
The import of such irony has also been the subject of much contention: are his wife's actions a sign of a bad education or just the inevitable result of the loss of the controlling influence in her life? How responsible was
Ischomachus for his daughter's marriage to a man of such poor
358:
According to Sarah
Pomeroy, the change from the fifth to fourth century largely was the shift from communal concerns to self-interested concerns. This general societal acceptance of the importance of the domestic sphere is represented in
177:
is referred to at 4.18. In his conversation with
Critoboulus, Socrates explains the value of property to each man and how some men value certain possessions more than others. Socrates uses flutes as an
123:. Though Xenophon primarily explores underlying topics such as gentlemanliness, husbandry, and gender roles through Socrates' conversations about wealth and, more specifically household management.
221:
involved in farming. Approximately two thirds of the dialogue concerns the discussion between
Socrates and Ischomachus. There is no final reversion to further discussion with Critoboulos.
103:
see the work as the source of the word economy. Beyond the emphasis on household economics, the dialogue treats such topics as the qualities and relationships of men and women,
133:
can actually be seen as a treatise on success in leading both an army and a state. Scholars lean towards a relatively late date in
Xenophon's life for the composition of the
1773:
299:
as a source for Greek attitudes to the relationship between men and women, but successive interpretations have differed. Some see
Xenophon's attitude toward women as
191:
When
Critoboulus asks about the practices involved in household management, Socrates pleads ignorance on the subject but relates what he heard of it from an Athenian
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262:(1976–1984) to "Ischomachus' Household". He took Xenophon's depiction of the relationship between Ischomachus and his wife as a classical expression of the
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trans. and with interpretive essays by Robert C. Bartlett, with Thomas Pangle and Wayne Ambler, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, The Agora Editions, 1996
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165:. There, Socrates discusses the meaning of wealth and identifies it with usefulness and well-being, not merely possessions. He links
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205:) named Ischomachus. In the discussion related by Socrates, Ischomachus describes the methods he used to educate his wife in
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to success in household management. The dramatic date of this part of the work can be no earlier than 401 BC, as the
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in its original sense of household management, and a significant source for the social and intellectual history of
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This article is about the dialogue by Xenophon. For the similarly named treatise attributed to Aristotle, see
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which means management, literally translated to 'household management'. It is one of the earliest works on
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The Shorter Socratic Writings: "Apology of Socrates to the Jury", "Oeconomicus", and "Symposium,"
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was externally reflected in his control of his wife, his slaves, and his political subordinates.
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474:
Eide, Stephen; Whitaker, Keith (2016). "A Philosopher and a Gentleman: Xenophon's Oeconomicus".
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in the education of a wife as an instance of anachronistic irony, a device used by
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The opening framing dialogue is between Socrates and Critoboulus, the son of
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414:"Retrospectives: What Did the Ancient Greeks Mean by Oikonomia ?"
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attempt. Callias was frequently parodied in Athenian comedies for his
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Xenophon's Socratic Discourse: An Interpretation of the "Oeconomicus"
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by Xenophon, edited by Robin H. Waterfield, Penguin Classics 1990
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Xenophons Oikonomikos, Über einen Klassiker der Haushaltsökonomie
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Williams, Brock R (2008). "An ecoconomist looks at Xenophon's
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with the man's child, which eventually led to the daughter's
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On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates
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Some have taken Xenophon's use of Ischomachus as a supposed
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Xenophon, Oeconomicus: a social and historical commentary
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Socrates (Collezione Farnese); Museo Nazionale di Napoli
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indeed he should sell them (Trans. by B.J. Hayes, 1.10)
521:. Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press.
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476:Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics
453:: Verlag Wirtschaft und Finanzen. p. 77.
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719:Commentary on the Greek text by A H N_Sewell
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273:, according to which a man's control of his
248:examination of the nature of the gentleman,
149:, and the work gained popularity during the
586:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
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711:Note on the ironic interpretation of the
573:, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970
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240:commentary on the dialogue. He took the
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1602:The unexamined life is not worth living
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411:
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909:Marxian critique of political economy
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583:Henry W. Spiegel (1987). "Xenophon,"
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367:essentially viewed as a consumer. In
632:Too, Yun Lee (1995). "Oeconomicus".
631:
13:
1801:Serenade after Plato's "Symposium"
1680:Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca
1339:Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
703:Review of a recent edition of the
351:Gender roles and social change in
14:
2283:
1303:Historical and biographical works
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412:Leshem, Dotan (1 February 2016).
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1213:History of macroeconomic thought
1038:Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
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418:Journal of Economic Perspectives
1434:Falsely attributed to Xenophon
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1:
1442:Constitution of the Athenians
1203:Critique of political economy
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225:Commentary and interpretation
153:in a number of translations.
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1349:Socratic works and dialogues
1111:Rational expectations theory
7:
1208:History of economic thought
755:Schools of economic thought
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60:dialogue principally about
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554:Conversations of Socrates
517:Pomeroy, Sarah B (1994).
256:devoted a chapter in his
1558:Socratic intellectualism
589:, v. 4, pp. 935–36.
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393:Ancient economic thought
259:The History of Sexuality
137:, perhaps after 362 BC.
1683:(3rd-century sculpture)
1238:Post-autistic economics
488:10.2307/arion.24.2.0093
445:Lowry, S. Todd (1998).
381:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 227
1723:Der geduldige Socrates
976:Modern Monetary Theory
337:pseudo-intellectualism
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87:for home or house and
33:
1688:The Death of Socrates
1060:Keynes–Marx synthesis
613:The Classical Outlook
209:, their practices in
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23:Economics (Aristotle)
2222:Religious skepticism
1578:Socratic questioning
1248:World-systems theory
1228:Mainstream economics
1168:Technocracy movement
1148:Saltwater/freshwater
634:The Classical Review
431:10.1257/jep.30.1.225
280:Following Foucault,
1769:(1st-century essay)
1502:Cultural depictions
1233:Heterodox economics
961:Capability approach
837:American (National)
819:School of Salamanca
690:Translation of the
2262:Socratic dialogues
1809:Barefoot in Athens
869:English historical
320:Socratic dialogues
295:have explored the
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680:Works related to
528:978-0-19-814082-5
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809:Mercantilism
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2150:Oeconomicus
2143:Memorabilia
1820:(1971 film)
1812:(1966 film)
1750:(2007 play)
1734:(1759 play)
1417:Cynegeticus
1364:Oeconomicus
1357:Memorabilia
1163:Supply-side
1086:Neo-Marxian
899:Marginalism
829:Late modern
814:Physiocrats
713:Oeconomicus
705:Oeconomicus
692:Oeconomicus
683:Oeconomicus
609:Oeconomicus
375:Manuscripts
369:Oeconomicus
361:Oeconomicus
353:Oeconomicus
305:patriarchal
297:Oeconomicus
242:Oeconomicus
230:Leo Strauss
151:Renaissance
143:Oeconomicus
135:Oeconomicus
131:Oeconomicus
101:Philologues
75:Oeconomicus
69:agriculture
49:Οἰκονομικός
39:Oeconomicus
2251:Categories
2104:Theaetetus
2048:Protagoras
2020:Parmenides
2006:On Justice
1943:Hipparchus
1915:Euthydemus
1758:Literature
1715:The Clouds
1637:Lamprocles
1625:Phaenarete
1318:Cyropaedia
1143:Regulation
1069:Monetarism
1055:Circuitism
1003:Ecological
971:Chartalism
951:Behavioral
894:Manchester
889:Malthusian
847:Birmingham
804:Cameralism
788:Modern era
762:Pre-modern
592:Xenophon,
548:References
460:3878811276
451:Düsseldorf
301:misogynist
244:as a more
219:technology
167:moderation
65:management
2216:Peritrope
2157:Symposium
2097:Symposium
2090:Statesman
2013:On Virtue
1985:Menexenus
1922:Euthyphro
1894:Demodocus
1866:Clitophon
1859:Charmides
1829:Dialogues
1643:Menexenus
1631:Xanthippe
1371:Symposium
1332:Agesilaus
1325:Hellenica
1294:Works by
1218:Economics
1153:Stockholm
1028:Keynesian
993:Cracovian
942:(20th and
931:Socialist
914:Mutualism
857:Ricardian
852:Classical
662:246881226
504:171600706
345:character
234:political
193:gentleman
169:and hard
121:education
93:economics
62:household
2238:Category
2128:Xenophon
2076:Sisyphus
2055:Republic
2041:Philebus
2034:Phaedrus
1901:Epinomis
1873:Cratylus
1852:Axiochus
1817:Socrates
1731:Socrates
1696:Socrates
1665:Socrates
1627:(mother)
1621:(father)
1541:Concepts
1486:Socrates
1311:Anabasis
1296:Xenophon
1243:Degrowth
1178:Virginia
1018:Freiburg
1013:Feminist
966:Carnegie
956:Buddhist
924:Lausanne
879:Georgism
842:Austrian
625:43939810
537:29027086
387:See also
291:such as
285:scholars
282:feminist
275:emotions
267:ideology
232:wrote a
215:training
178:example:
117:religion
58:Socratic
54:Xenophon
2198:Related
2175:Halcyon
2136:Apology
2118:Timaeus
2111:Theages
2083:Sophist
1936:Gorgias
1908:Eryxias
1880:Critias
1845:Apology
1739:Socrate
1663:include
1587:Phrases
1378:Apology
1196:Related
983:Chicago
329:suicide
318:in his
157:Summary
113:slavery
99:. Some
2027:Phaedo
1971:Laches
1651:(wife)
1633:(wife)
1612:Family
1074:Market
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333:sexual
324:satire
312:expert
250:virtue
246:ironic
211:ruling
197:farmer
139:Cicero
119:, and
111:life,
89:nemein
81:words
2167:Other
1999:Minos
1978:Lysis
1887:Crito
1837:Plato
1793:Other
1707:Stage
1659:Works
1649:Myrto
1645:(son)
1639:(son)
1385:Hiero
1050:Post-
658:S2CID
650:JSTOR
621:JSTOR
500:S2CID
492:JSTOR
399:Notes
364:'
316:Plato
271:power
163:Crito
147:Latin
145:into
109:urban
105:rural
84:oikos
56:is a
52:) by
44:Greek
1992:Meno
1661:that
1511:Life
1033:Neo-
598:ISBN
575:ISBN
558:ISBN
533:OCLC
523:ISBN
455:ISBN
303:and
287:and
213:and
171:work
107:vs.
67:and
36:The
1964:Ion
1672:Art
1045:New
696:at
642:doi
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269:of
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42:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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