31:
333:, between 11 and 14 November 1918, the representatives of Germany formally handed over political power in Estonia to the national government. The departure of German troops left a void and the Russian Bolshevik troops moved in. The
246:
During the occupation of
Estonia, the Germans suffered total 368 dead and about 1400 wounded soldiers. They took 20,000 Russian POW's and captured several Russian warships. One older Russian warship, battleship
484:– were set up as German advance progressed. The military administrators were at first subordinated to the Ober Ost 1917–1918 and then to the Head of the Military Administration of the Baltic Lands.
273:) to attack Northern Livonia and Estonia. The 6th Corps (205th and 219th Infantry Divisions, and 1st Cavalry Division) attacked from West Estonian archipelago to Lihula, Virtsu, and Haapsalu.
17:
953:
460:
on
November 19, 1918, giving all the administration power to the Estonian Provisional Government. Soviet Russia invaded Estonia on November 28, 1918, starting the
1014:
983:
888:
978:
1044:
635:
375:
on March 3, 1918, Soviet Russia formally transferred
Estonia to German military administration, its future status having to be determined later.
823:
878:
346:
315:
690:
1004:
30:
181:
Lieutenant
General Adolf von Seckendorff arrived in Tallinn on 28 February 1918. He had acted as military commander of the 3rd
858:
797:
266:
1019:
908:
338:
295:, declared the independence of Estonia on 24 February 1918. However, the German forces did not recognise the independence.
282:
270:
185:
at the head of the German military administration of the West
Estonian archipelago. Later in 1918, with the signing of the
163:
302:
illegal. The arrests of the leaders of the national independence movement started in June 1918. The elected head of state
665:
628:
150:) was occupied on 25 February 1918, and in the rest of the Estonian mainland the last town captured by German forces was
287:
Between retreating
Russian and advancing German troops, the Occupation of Estonia by the German Empire approaching, the
100:
to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the
Germans landed on the mainland of Estonia on 18 February 1918 and marched on
1009:
943:
604:
583:
557:
700:
306:
was sent to
Germany to be kept in prison. During this whole period the Estonian Salvation Committee continued its
802:
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on May 29, 1918, giving the committee a legal status of the representative of the
Estonian nation.
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the right to either annex, or create a client state in, Estonia. Estonia became part of the German
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8:
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The Baltic States: the years of independence ; Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, 1917–1940
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asking the forming of United Duchy of
Estland, Livland and Kurland to be incorporated to
368:
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342:
307:
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349:. The Republic of Estonia obtained international recognition and became a member of the
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Tallinn, Tartu, and Narva were placed direct under the German military administration (
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were forbidden. This situation lasted until November 10, 1918. Germany denounced the
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158:) on 4 March 1918. For the time being, the German advance put an end to both the
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On March 23, 1918, the Commander of German 68th Corps declared the just formed
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took place. These broke down in February 1918, and to put pressure on the new
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feudal landowners) were appointed as local heads of administration. All
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recognised Estonian independence (de facto) on May 3, 1918, followed by
456:, the last German representative in Estonia signed the treaty with the
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with all its (then secret) additional protocols on 5 November 1918.
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424:), but the rest of the country was divided and administered as
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The first part of today's Estonia that was occupied was island
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Three German military administrations (Etappenverwaltungen) –
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on 24 February 1918 in Tallinn, as well as to the remaining
387:
218:
189:, the Russian Bolshevik government renounced all claims of
174:
in Estonia. The last Red Guards escaped to Russia over the
78:
515:
October 1917 – February 1918 Gen. Franz Adolf, Freiherr
444:
newspapers, except the German-minded Rewaler Tagesblatt /
88:
Fighting in Estonia ceased whilst negotiations over the
61:(Moonsund archipelago), including the larger islands of
504:(Moonsund archipelago), Ă–sel being the German name for
276:
511:
Head of the Military Administration Verwaltungschefs
108:) on 21 February 1918. The German forces occupied
525:1918 – Gen. Franz Adolf, Freiherr von Seckendorff
467:
221:) until the end of World War I in November 1918.
996:
522:March 1918 – November 1918 Gen. ... von Balk
367:The Baltic German minority tried to found the
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492:Head of the Administration Verwaltungschefs
1015:German involvement in the Russian Civil War
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18:Occupation of Estonia by the German Empire
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29:
575:The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik
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283:Estonian Declaration of Independence
277:Estonian Declaration of Independence
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24:
1045:Estonia–Germany military relations
432:. Usually, representatives of the
337:followed. On 2 February 1920, the
310:, entering into relation with the
193:over Estonia, formally giving the
25:
1056:
1005:Estonia in the Russian Civil War
164:declared the country independent
458:Estonian Provisional Government
160:Estonian Provisional Government
49:during the later stages of the
578:. Cambridge University Press.
468:German military administrators
257:just outside Muhu island. The
13:
1:
529:
398:, a request presented by the
201:(military administration for
53:. On 11–21 October 1917, the
34:German troops landing at Ă–sel
462:Estonian War of Independence
335:Estonian War of Independence
293:Estonian Provincial Assembly
289:Estonian Salvation Committee
7:
1020:German military occupations
548:Buttar, Prit (2013-05-21).
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394:in personal union with the
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593:von Rauch, Georg (1974).
502:West Estonian archipelago
265:(19th Infantry Division,
59:West Estonian archipelago
1010:Aftermath of World War I
495:
450:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
373:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
187:Treaty of Brest-Litowsk
90:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
434:Baltic German nobility
378:On April 12, 1918 the
308:underground activities
253:, was sunk during the
241:Governorate of Livonia
118:) on 22 February, and
35:
648:by region and country
396:House of Hohenzollern
339:Peace Treaty of Tartu
312:Western Allied powers
267:77th Reserve Division
33:
572:Hiden, John (2002).
508:, the major island)
271:4th Cavalry Division
259:Imperial German Army
255:Battle of Moon Sound
55:Imperial German Army
371:. When signing the
369:United Baltic Duchy
363:United Baltic Duchy
357:United Baltic Duchy
343:Republic of Estonia
43:military occupation
552:. Bloomsbury USA.
446:Tallinna Päevaleht
341:was signed by the
142:) on 24 February.
36:
1030:Conflicts in 1917
1025:Conflicts in 1918
992:
991:
701:Southern Rhodesia
696:South West Africa
442:Estonian language
384:Landesversammlung
351:League of Nations
347:Bolshevist Russia
331:German Revolution
225:German occupation
178:on 5 March 1918.
16:(Redirected from
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392:Imperial Germany
231:Operation Albion
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402:in Riga to the
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322:on May 18, and
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51:First World War
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57:occupied the
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47:German Empire
44:
40:
32:
19:
848:
691:South Africa
599:. C. Hurst.
595:
574:
549:
510:
499:
491:
471:
428:and smaller
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377:
366:
328:
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105:
87:
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37:
984:New Zealand
944:Switzerland
894:Netherlands
666:East Africa
646:World War I
644:History of
430:Ortsbezirks
426:Amtsbezirks
243:) in 1915.
191:sovereignty
183:Kommandatur
176:Narva river
999:Categories
889:Luxembourg
530:References
382:assembled
329:After the
263:60th Corps
172:Red Guards
162:which had
96:regime of
41:was under
979:Australia
788:Palestine
758:Hong Kong
732:Venezuela
500:(for the
400:Landesrat
353:in 1921.
261:used its
168:Bolshevik
94:Bolshevik
914:Portugal
834:Bulgaria
748:Caucasus
710:Americas
676:Ethiopia
506:Saaremaa
422:Ober Ost
416:Ober Ost
410:Ober Ost
199:Ober Ost
170:Russian
128:Viljandi
102:Haapsalu
63:Saaremaa
972:Oceania
962:Ireland
949:Ukraine
919:Romania
874:Ireland
869:Hungary
859:Germany
849:Estonia
844:Denmark
839:Croatia
829:Belgium
819:Albania
798:Vietnam
686:Morocco
681:Liberia
488:Estonia
478:Livonia
474:Estonia
291:of the
211:Livonia
207:Estonia
203:Curonia
144:Tallinn
77:), and
71:Hiiumaa
45:by the
39:Estonia
939:Sweden
929:Serbia
924:Russia
909:Poland
899:Norway
864:Greece
854:France
812:Europe
722:Canada
717:Brazil
661:Angola
654:Africa
603:
582:
556:
519:(1857)
320:France
269:, and
217:, and
140:Dorpat
134:) and
132:Fellin
124:Pernau
106:Hapsal
958:Wales
934:Spain
879:Italy
803:Yemen
778:Japan
763:India
753:China
671:Egypt
324:Italy
250:Slava
237:Ruhnu
156:Narwa
152:Narva
148:Reval
136:Tartu
120:Pärnu
110:Valga
793:Siam
773:Iraq
768:Iran
741:Asia
601:ISBN
580:ISBN
554:ISBN
496:Ă–sel
482:Ă–sel
480:and
388:Riga
345:and
219:Riga
215:Ă–sel
115:Walk
83:Moon
79:Muhu
75:Dagö
67:Ă–sel
386:at
126:),
85:).
69:),
1001::
960:,
538:^
476:,
464:.
406:.
314:.
213:,
209:,
205:,
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956:(
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609:.
588:.
562:.
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