601:
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47:
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lead in establishing the
Central Financial Supervision Organization and the People's Legislative Council. This happened after the revolution, which resulted in the suspension of parliament. In addition, he founded the Supreme State Security Court and streamlined travel for people to Arab Economic Unity countries by allowing them to use ID cards instead of visas.
596:
and issued other decrees targeting economic and social change. These initiatives encompassed the formation of the Land Bank, the implementation of the
Economic Penal Code, and the foundation of the People's Army, which was affiliated with the Ministry of Defense. In November 1967, Atassi took the
728:
Atassi remained hospitalized for several months, during which his health deteriorated rapidly as the cancer progressed, spreading to his liver. Eventually, authorities decided to release him from detention. Following his release, he was transferred to his residence in the city of
736:
In
November 1992, the French authorities became aware of Atassi's medical condition and extended an offer to provide him with medical treatment which was rejected by Syrian authorities until he came into a state of semi-consciousness. Afterwards, he was sent to
450:. Following his mother's early death, he was brought up by his paternal grandfather, Judge Fuad Effendi al-Atassi. Surrounded by his grandfather's intellectual circles, which were populated by poets and scholars, Nureddin developed a deep admiration for
4405:
665:
and its pursuit of independence, Atassi promptly recognized and endorsed their cause. He rendered support by sending insurgent groups, providing instruction, monetary assistance, and weaponry. The help provided by Atassi played a crucial role in
4400:
3699:
673:
Additionally, Atassi's government demonstrated unity with
Lebanon in its demands for the removal of King Hussein bin Talal and offered assistance to Palestinian combatants. Atassi intervened to advocate for the
2336:
627:. Atassi additionally assembled numerous conferences and presented speeches, such as the urgent assembly of the Central Council of the Arab Workers Union to express solidarity with the fight against the
178:
117:
3689:
3596:
3030:
2825:
588:
Throughout his time in office, Atassi implemented substantial projects and participated in important domestic and international activities. Significantly, he entered into a partnership with the
573:, which was established on November 12, 1963, and held the position until May 14, 1964. In October 1964, he took on the position of Deputy Prime Minister in the second administration of
62:
569:'s third government. This government served from August 4, 1963, until November 12, 1963. Afterwards, he assumed the position of Minister of the Interior in the first government of
3694:
2687:
721:
for a period of 22 years. In early 1992, Atassi suffered a severe heart attack, leading to his transfer to a military hospital. Subsequent medical examinations revealed
3838:
3679:
3638:
725:, prompting authorities to detain him in the hospital as a political prisoner. During this time, access to Atassi was restricted to his immediate family members only.
503:. He was elected as a representative and then became the president of the leadership body, serving from 1948 to 1955 until he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine.
465:
throughout his early years. Despite being young, Nureddin's desire for reform motivated him to distribute pamphlets advocating for student disobedience in schools in
650:
that traverse Syrian land. In addition, Atassi suspended the transportation of oil across Syrian territory until the corporation complied with Syrian requests.
4425:
550:, rendering medical aid to revolutionaries in close proximity to the Tunisian-Algerian border. After returning to Syria, Atassi focused on general surgery at
4430:
854:
3628:
3659:
2358:
686:
in response to ongoing violence against
Palestinians. He commanded the Syrian army to progress, ensuring the safety of the Jordanian border and seizing
3873:
1373:
3706:
3684:
3586:
1946:
395:
182:
121:
3591:
2285:
578:
749:. Despite medical treatment, Atassi died on December 3, 1992, at the age of 63. His body was transported the following day to his hometown of
4049:
988:
3930:
3545:
581:
on
December 23, 1965. Shortly after the coup on February 23, 1966, Atassi assumed the role of head of state and Secretary-General of the
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In 1970, after a coup, Atassi, along with other government officials, was detained without undergoing a trial. He was imprisoned in
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3603:
927:
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4013:
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600:
1366:
3613:
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1939:
2295:
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4003:
2331:
66:
4134:
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3664:
577:. This government began on October 3, 1964, and ended on May 23, 1965. In addition, he was designated as a member of the
4089:
4044:
3790:
3757:
562:, where he persisted in his medical profession, working at the National Hospital and managing his own private clinic.
535:
After completing his education, Atassi served his mandatory duty, during which he observed the tripartite invasion of
4410:
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1359:
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4149:
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1932:
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256:
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Furthermore, Atassi provided support to a range of movements and causes, including giving his full backing to the
4161:
3581:
3375:
2985:
631:(May 1967), the inaugural gathering of the Committee for Defending the Homeland and Protecting the Revolution in
3983:
2353:
2188:
1441:
1038:
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4194:
4104:
4059:
2980:
2223:
2131:
2305:
2280:
2260:
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2945:
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1955:
974:
654:
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884:"Syrian President Dr. Ahmed Nour al-Din bin Muhammad Ali bin Fouad bin Ahmed bin Muhammad Saeed al-Atassi"
812:"Syrian President Dr. Ahmed Nour al-Din bin Muhammad Ali bin Fouad bin Ahmed bin Muhammad Saeed al-Atassi"
4129:
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702:
431:
901:
4307:
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3269:
2363:
2096:
746:
1450:
1047:
670:'s final accomplishment of independence, resulting in lasting gratitude from the Eritrean population.
4375:
4370:
4189:
3998:
3811:
2106:
4109:
3960:
3075:
3010:
2860:
2560:
2124:
1113:
1061:
949:"Further information on medical letter writing action- Syria: Dr Nour al-Din al-Atassi and others"
469:. However, his advocacy led to his arrest on one occasion prior to him turning fifteen years old.
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3918:
3618:
3495:
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2218:
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298:
4144:
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3180:
3115:
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2900:
2855:
2555:
2460:
1873:
1853:
1848:
1838:
1629:
1176:
647:
524:
488:, who were rising leaders in the party during that period. Atassi has been affiliated with the
476:. Throughout his time in the city, he established his ties with influential individuals in the
462:
420:
565:
Following the coup on March 8, 1963, Atassi was designated as the
Minister of the Interior in
3736:
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3475:
3425:
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2016:
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1981:
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in this regard. Significantly, he supported the dismantling of oil pipelines owned by the
8:
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3165:
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1986:
1894:
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473:
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3465:
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2875:
2845:
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2275:
2265:
2116:
2056:
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997:
212:
3955:
3490:
3455:
3395:
3225:
3040:
3005:
2935:
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2910:
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1991:
1966:
1883:
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1459:
1426:
1282:
1226:
1215:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1056:
1028:
1010:
722:
551:
520:
430:, 11 January 1929 – 3 December 1992) was a Syrian politician who served as the
698:
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4233:
3993:
3470:
3220:
3215:
3105:
3085:
3070:
2880:
2850:
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2465:
2383:
2290:
2036:
2026:
2021:
1863:
1604:
1599:
1584:
1523:
1420:
1221:
1194:
1166:
1118:
528:
481:
333:
1351:
1107:
4406:
Members of the
Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
4331:
3868:
3858:
3785:
3731:
3353:
3333:
3230:
3195:
3190:
3175:
3140:
3060:
3050:
2990:
2905:
2808:
2803:
2793:
2758:
2718:
2672:
2647:
2577:
2535:
2502:
2147:
2006:
2001:
1971:
1692:
1657:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1528:
1331:
1314:
1160:
1123:
679:
582:
500:
489:
477:
411:
247:
95:
89:
4325:
4248:
3878:
3510:
3445:
3390:
3338:
3303:
3245:
3240:
3055:
3045:
2970:
2920:
2788:
2723:
2713:
2667:
2587:
2550:
2530:
2487:
2455:
2373:
2368:
2300:
2208:
2041:
2011:
1924:
1904:
1833:
1783:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1662:
1647:
1619:
1609:
1558:
1431:
1320:
1294:
1210:
1199:
1139:
694:
620:
609:
321:
291:
170:
109:
4401:
Members of the
National Command of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
4354:
4268:
4263:
3883:
3435:
3430:
3323:
3255:
3235:
3155:
3110:
3100:
3000:
2915:
2778:
2763:
2657:
2061:
1996:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1773:
1652:
1614:
1589:
1578:
1543:
1304:
1288:
1128:
966:
754:
714:
613:
574:
570:
546:
Upon fulfilling his obligatory service, Atassi offered his assistance to the
451:
447:
279:
235:
154:
642:
Atassi adopted a strong stance towards specific Arab nations, aligning with
4253:
4238:
3726:
3669:
3080:
2783:
2703:
2625:
2582:
2450:
2434:
2429:
2239:
2076:
2046:
1976:
1508:
628:
589:
547:
485:
4283:
4258:
3888:
3505:
3250:
3170:
3145:
3130:
3125:
3090:
3015:
2773:
2753:
2630:
2604:
2071:
1899:
643:
624:
361:
142:
778:
4278:
3485:
2885:
2051:
1878:
1672:
1470:
1415:
1205:
1067:
632:
4273:
2343:
593:
499:, Atassi actively engaged with the student group associated with the
4029:
758:
718:
662:
636:
555:
519:
to discuss previous talks with Soviet leaders. From left to right:
496:
46:
667:
658:
742:
683:
540:
385:
539:
in 1956. He stood with the Syrian army when they relocated to
1750:
1264:
738:
705:, resulting in the ousting of Nureddin al-Atassi from power.
687:
605:
536:
516:
381:
750:
730:
559:
472:
In 1948, Atassi enrolled in the
Faculty of Medicine at the
466:
458:
443:
902:"Nureddin Atassi; Ex-President of Syria, Toppled in Coup"
2146:
619:
Atassi became the first Syrian president to address the
461:
and actively took part in the city's protests against
457:
Nureddin obtained his education in schools located in
558:. Following that, he went back to his native city of
635:(November 1967), and the Arab Lawyers Conference in
527:
of Algeria, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Atassi and
425:
1381:
3874:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
159:(Last Regional Command dissolved in December 1965)
554:. Afterwards, he took jobs at other hospitals in
4352:
2359:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
1954:
928:"Nureddin al-Atassi, 63; Former Syria President"
2286:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
996:
4426:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
4050:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
2132:
1940:
1367:
982:
4431:Recipients of the Order of the National Flag
3837:
682:" period, issuing a public threat to invade
311:15 December 1964 – 28 December 1965
225:25 February 1966 – 18 November 1970
206:5 September 1963 – 19 December 1965
32:
745:where he received medical treatment at the
690:in order to protect Palestinian interests.
437:
269:29 October 1968 – 18 November 1970
2139:
2125:
1947:
1933:
1374:
1360:
989:
975:
849:
847:
845:
45:
3931:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
3894:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
599:
510:
4035:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
4014:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
3864:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
920:
693:On November 16, 1970, Defense Minister
4353:
3946:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
822:
771:
753:, where he was laid to rest in the Al-
195:March 1966 – 18 November 1970
134:March 1966 – 13 November 1970
79:March 1966 – 18 November 1970
4215:
3836:
3543:
2404:
2186:
2120:
1928:
1355:
970:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
434:from February 1966 to November 1970.
4065:Palestinian National Salvation Front
943:
941:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
442:Nureddin Al-Atassi, born in 1929 in
16:President of Syria from 1966 to 1970
4135:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
4100:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
708:
415:
33:
13:
4185:General Federation of Trade Unions
4045:Lebanese National Resistance Front
3758:National Progressive Front (Syria)
1758:
1725:
1637:
1493:
1449:
1405:
1272:
1244:
1184:
1091:
1046:
1018:
865:
655:Eritrean campaign for independence
14:
4442:
4216:
4009:Palestine Liberation Organization
3753:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
3406:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
2836:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
938:
894:
793:
454:from an early stage in his life.
4421:Syrian people of Turkish descent
3914:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
3544:
2818:Members of the Regional Commands
2105:
779:"Atassi, Nureddin (Mustafa) al-"
604:President Nureddin Al-Atassi of
4162:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2296:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
408:Noureddin Mustafa Ali al-Atassi
3984:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
2405:
934:. 5 December 1992. p. 27.
579:National Revolutionary Council
1:
4195:General Union of Syrian Women
4105:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
4060:Palestinian National Alliance
2332:Revolutionary Command Council
2224:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
764:
446:, belongs to the renowned Al-
4004:National Democratic Alliance
3989:Forces of Freedom and Change
2986:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
2946:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
2896:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
1956:Syrian Ministers of Interior
427:Nūr ad-Dīn Muṣṭafā al-'Atasī
7:
4130:Social Democratic Unionists
4095:Arab Democratic Union Party
3791:National Defense Battalions
2187:
2149:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
623:General Assembly after the
426:
67:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
4447:
4308:On the Way of Resurrection
4301:The Battle for One Destiny
4090:Arab Socialist Union Party
4040:Lebanese National Movement
3270:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
2981:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
2097:Mohammad Khaled al-Rahmoun
747:American Hospital in Paris
116:Regional Secretary of the
4317:
4292:
4226:
4222:
4211:
4190:General Union of Peasants
4177:
4082:
4022:
3999:National Consensus Forces
3976:
3969:
3902:
3851:
3847:
3832:
3812:Revolutionary Youth Union
3804:
3773:
3766:
3745:
3719:
3647:
3569:
3558:
3554:
3539:
3524:
3414:
3374:
3367:
3312:
3287:
3280:
3264:
3029:
2824:
2817:
2686:
2640:
2618:
2597:
2570:
2523:
2516:
2475:
2443:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2400:
2314:
2253:
2232:
2201:
2197:
2182:
2156:
2103:
1962:
1913:
1749:
1716:
1628:
1484:
1440:
1396:
1340:
1263:
1235:
1175:
1082:
1037:
1009:
661:'s declaration of war on
506:
401:
391:
371:
348:
343:
339:
327:
315:
304:
297:
285:
273:
262:
254:
241:
229:
218:
210:
199:
188:
176:
164:
148:
138:
127:
115:
103:
83:
72:
61:Secretary General of the
60:
56:
44:
34:
30:
23:
4411:Syrian Arab nationalists
4396:Leaders ousted by a coup
4391:Vice presidents of Syria
4386:Prime ministers of Syria
4140:Socialist Unionist Party
4110:Libyan National Movement
3936:Arabic Toilers' Movement
3840:Associated organizations
3700:National Security Bureau
3648:Syrian-dominated faction
3076:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
3011:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
2861:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
2561:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
2476:Syrian-dominated faction
2172:Syrian-dominated faction
1383:Prime ministers of Syria
438:Early life and education
31:
4115:National Covenant Party
3919:Arab Socialist Movement
3570:Iraqi-dominated faction
3496:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
3186:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
2871:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
2841:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
2444:Iraqi-dominated faction
2364:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
2354:Union of Arab Republics
2306:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2281:1963 Syrian coup d'état
2261:1954 Syrian coup d'état
2219:Arab Socialist Movement
2163:Iraqi-dominated faction
855:"Nour al-Din al-Atassi"
515:Arab heads of state in
416:نور الدين مصطفى الأتاسي
299:Vice President of Syria
257:Prime Minister of Syria
4145:Syrian Communist Party
3951:Palestinian Arab Front
3481:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
3461:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
3451:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
3401:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
3206:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
3181:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
3116:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
3021:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
2956:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
2901:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
2856:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
2556:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
2461:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1764:
1731:
1643:
1630:Second Syrian Republic
1499:
1455:
1411:
1278:
1250:
1190:
1177:Second Syrian Republic
1097:
1052:
1024:
648:Iraq Petroleum Company
616:
532:
474:University of Damascus
183:Syrian Regional Branch
122:Syrian Regional Branch
3961:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
3476:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
3426:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
3201:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
2996:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
2749:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2610:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
2245:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2087:Said Mohammad Sammour
2017:Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj
1762:
1729:
1642:First Syrian Republic
1641:
1498:First Syrian Republic
1497:
1486:First Syrian Republic
1453:
1410:Arab Kingdom of Syria
1409:
1398:Arab Kingdom of Syria
1276:
1248:
1189:First Syrian Republic
1188:
1096:First Syrian Republic
1095:
1084:First Syrian Republic
1050:
1022:
888:Atassi Family Website
859:Syrian Modern History
816:Atassi Family Website
603:
567:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
514:
4416:Syrian Sunni Muslims
4055:National Union Front
3386:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3344:Abdul Halim Khaddam
3299:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3151:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
3096:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
2966:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
2891:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2744:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2546:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2517:Regional Secretaries
2214:Arab Ba'ath Movement
1982:Taj al-Din al-Hasani
1763:Syrian Arab Republic
1751:Syrian Arab Republic
1730:United Arab Republic
1718:United Arab Republic
1539:post vacant, 1939–41
1277:Syrian Arab Republic
1265:Syrian Arab Republic
1249:United Arab Republic
1237:United Arab Republic
543:in a show of unity.
463:French colonial rule
4381:Presidents of Syria
4178:Other organizations
4120:Popular Unity Party
3970:Political alliances
3501:Wael Nader al-Halqi
3368:Heads of government
3211:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
3166:Abdul Halim Khaddam
3136:Mohammad al-Hussein
3121:Wael Nader al-Halqi
2961:Taha Yassin Ramadan
2951:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
2941:Ali Hassan al-Majid
2926:Latif Nassif Jassim
2416:General Secretaries
2349:Corrective Movement
2271:1959 Mosul uprising
2082:Bassam Abdel Majeed
1987:Saadallah al-Jabiri
998:Presidents of Syria
703:Corrective Movement
548:Algerian revolution
531:of Sudan, July 1967
495:During his time in
4070:Rejectionist Front
3466:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
3441:Nureddin al-Atassi
3329:Nureddin al-Atassi
3161:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
3066:Nureddin al-Atassi
2976:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2876:Salih Mahdi Ammash
2846:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
2799:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2729:Nureddin al-Atassi
2663:Nureddin al-Atassi
2541:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2493:Abdullah al-Ahmar
2483:Nureddin al-Atassi
2379:De-Ba'athification
2322:17 July Revolution
2276:Ramadan Revolution
2266:14 July Revolution
2067:Nureddin al-Atassi
2057:Abdel Hamid Sarraj
1765:
1732:
1644:
1500:
1456:
1412:
1279:
1251:
1191:
1098:
1053:
1025:
932:The New York Times
639:(September 1967).
617:
533:
432:President of Syria
213:President of Syria
25:Nureddin al-Atassi
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4083:Political parties
4078:
4077:
3956:Socialist Lebanon
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3715:
3714:
3561:Regional branches
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3491:Riyad Farid Hijab
3456:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
3363:
3362:
3349:
3276:
3275:
3226:Hikmat al-Shihabi
3041:Abdullah al-Ahmar
3006:Hardan al-Tikriti
2936:Adnan Khayr Allah
2931:Rashid Taan Kazim
2866:Salah Omar al-Ali
2709:Abdullah al-Ahmar
2682:
2681:
2512:
2511:
2498:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2114:
2113:
2092:Mohammad Al Shaar
1992:Nasuhi al-Bukhari
1967:Ata Bey al-Ayyubi
1922:
1921:
1349:
1348:
1023:Syrian Federation
1011:Syrian Federation
951:. 7 December 1992
908:. 5 December 1992
906:Los Angeles Times
723:esophageal cancer
676:Palestinian cause
552:Damascus Hospital
525:Houari Boumediene
521:Abdul Rahman Arif
424:
405:
404:
160:
99:
94:(head of unitary
35:نور الدين الأتاسي
4438:
4376:People from Homs
4371:Al-Atassi family
4244:Arab nationalism
4234:Anti-imperialism
4224:
4223:
4213:
4212:
3994:March 8 Alliance
3974:
3973:
3906:
3905:Breakaway groups
3849:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3833:
3771:
3770:
3597:Regional Command
3567:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3540:
3471:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
3418:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3345:
3316:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3221:Farouk al-Sharaa
3216:Hammouda Sabbagh
3106:Ibrahim al-Hadid
3086:Mahdi Dakhlallah
3071:Shibli al-Aysami
3033:
2881:Hussein Al-Awadi
2851:Saad Abdul-Majid
2828:
2822:
2821:
2769:Akram al-Hawrani
2739:Shibli al-Aysami
2734:Mansur al-Atrash
2696:
2695:National Command
2690:
2653:Shibli al-Aysami
2521:
2520:
2494:
2466:Salah Al-Mukhtar
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2384:Syrian civil war
2291:Ar-Rashid revolt
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2164:
2150:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2037:Rushdi al-Kikhya
2027:Muhsin al-Barazi
2022:Jamil Mardam Bey
1949:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1391:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1344:
991:
984:
977:
968:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
945:
936:
935:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
898:
892:
891:
880:
863:
862:
851:
820:
819:
808:
791:
790:
788:
786:
775:
709:Arrest and death
529:Ismail al-Azhari
482:Akram Al-Hourani
429:
419:
417:
378:
358:
356:
344:Personal details
334:Shibli al-Aysami
330:
318:
309:
288:
276:
267:
244:
232:
223:
204:
193:
179:Regional Command
167:
158:
151:
132:
118:Regional Command
106:
93:
86:
77:
63:National Command
51:Nureddin in 1970
49:
39:
38:
36:
21:
20:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4336:
4332:Pan-Arab colors
4326:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
4313:
4288:
4218:
4199:
4173:
4074:
4018:
3965:
3924:Damascus branch
3904:
3898:
3869:Free Iraqi Army
3859:Al-Abud Network
3843:
3839:
3816:
3800:
3786:Fedayeen Saddam
3781:Ba'ath Brigades
3762:
3741:
3732:Sawt al-Jamahir
3711:
3690:Central Command
3643:
3560:
3550:
3546:
3527:
3516:
3416:
3410:
3376:
3359:
3354:Bashar al-Assad
3334:Ahmad al-Khatib
3314:
3308:
3289:
3272:
3260:
3231:Hammud al-Shufi
3196:Zuhair Masharqa
3191:Ibrahim Makhous
3176:Ahmad al-Khatib
3141:Hisham Ikhtiyar
3061:Rifaat al-Assad
3051:Bashar al-Assad
3031:
3025:
2991:Talib El-Shibib
2906:Saadoun Ghaidan
2826:
2813:
2809:Khaled Yashruti
2804:Talib El-Shibib
2794:Abdullah Rimawi
2759:Wahib al-Ghanim
2719:Bashar al-Assad
2694:
2688:
2678:
2673:Bashar al-Assad
2648:Hammud al-Shufi
2636:
2614:
2593:
2578:Abdullah Rimawi
2566:
2536:Talib El-Shibib
2508:
2503:Bashar al-Assad
2471:
2439:
2407:
2388:
2310:
2249:
2228:
2193:
2189:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2115:
2110:
2101:
2007:Fares al-Khoury
2002:Lutfi al-Haffar
1972:Husni al-Barazi
1958:
1953:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1753:
1745:
1720:
1712:
1632:
1624:
1488:
1480:
1444:
1436:
1400:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1267:
1259:
1239:
1231:
1179:
1171:
1086:
1078:
1041:
1033:
1013:
1005:
995:
965:
964:
954:
952:
947:
946:
939:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
900:
899:
895:
882:
881:
866:
853:
852:
823:
810:
809:
794:
784:
782:
777:
776:
772:
767:
711:
697:orchestrated a
680:Black September
509:
440:
392:Political party
380:
376:
375:3 December 1992
360:
359:11 January 1929
354:
352:
328:
316:
310:
305:
286:
274:
268:
263:
248:Ahmad al-Khatib
242:
230:
224:
219:
205:
200:
194:
189:
165:
157:
149:
133:
128:
104:
92:
90:Munif al-Razzaz
84:
78:
73:
52:
40:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4444:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4249:Arab socialism
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4220:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3879:Jeish Muhammad
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3746:Popular fronts
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3511:Hussein Arnous
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3446:Hafez al-Assad
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:Sa'dun Hammadi
3393:
3391:Saddam Hussein
3388:
3382:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3341:
3339:Hafez al-Assad
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3304:Saddam Hussein
3301:
3295:
3293:
3282:
3281:Heads of state
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3246:Muhammad Umran
3243:
3241:Hasan Turkmani
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Hafez al-Assad
3053:
3048:
3046:Hussein Arnous
3043:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Fuad al-Rikabi
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Saddam Hussein
2918:
2913:
2911:Sa'dun Hammadi
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Fuad al-Rikabi
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Hafez al-Assad
2721:
2716:
2714:Zaki al-Arsuzi
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2668:Hafez al-Assad
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2588:Akram al-Homsi
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2551:Saddam Hussein
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Fuad al-Rikabi
2527:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2490:
2488:Hafez al-Assad
2485:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2458:
2456:Saddam Hussein
2453:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Iraqi conflict
2371:
2369:Faith Campaign
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2329:
2327:Ba'athist Iraq
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2301:1964 Hama riot
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Rashad Barmada
2039:
2034:
2032:Husni al-Za'im
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Sabri al-Asali
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1757:
1755:
1754:(1961–present)
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1454:State of Syria
1448:
1446:
1442:State of Syria
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1271:
1269:
1268:(1961–present)
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1051:State of Syria
1045:
1043:
1039:State of Syria
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
994:
993:
986:
979:
971:
963:
962:
937:
919:
893:
864:
821:
792:
769:
768:
766:
763:
710:
707:
695:Hafez al-Assad
621:United Nations
610:United Nations
508:
505:
439:
436:
403:
402:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:
379:(aged 63)
373:
369:
368:
350:
346:
345:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
322:Muhammad Umran
319:
313:
312:
302:
301:
295:
294:
292:Hafez al-Assad
289:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
260:
259:
252:
251:
245:
239:
238:
233:
227:
226:
216:
215:
208:
207:
197:
196:
186:
185:
177:Member of the
174:
173:
171:Hafez al-Assad
168:
162:
161:
152:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
125:
124:
113:
112:
110:Hafez al-Assad
107:
101:
100:
87:
81:
80:
70:
69:
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4443:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Republicanism
4267:
4265:
4264:Progressivism
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:Miscellaneous
4214:
4210:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Rejectionists
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3831:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3538:
3526:* = incumbent
3523:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Yusuf Zuayyin
3434:
3432:
3431:Amin al-Hafiz
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Amin al-Hafiz
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3256:Yusuf Zuayyin
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Mustafa Tlass
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:Sami al-Jundi
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Amin al-Hafiz
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Marwan Habash
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Khamis Sirhan
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Qusay Hussein
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Zuheir Mohsen
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Amin al-Hafiz
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Amin al-Hafiz
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2108:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Amin al-Hafiz
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Khalid al-Azm
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
973:
972:
969:
950:
944:
942:
933:
929:
923:
907:
903:
897:
889:
885:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
860:
856:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
817:
813:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
780:
774:
770:
762:
760:
756:
755:Atassi family
752:
748:
744:
740:
734:
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
715:Mezzeh prison
706:
704:
701:known as the
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
671:
669:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:June 1967 War
622:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
595:
594:Euphrates Dam
592:to build the
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:Amin Al-Hafiz
572:
571:Amin al-Hafiz
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
504:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
452:Arabic poetry
449:
448:Atassi family
445:
435:
433:
428:
422:
413:
409:
400:
397:
394:
390:
387:
383:
374:
370:
367:
363:
351:
347:
342:
338:
335:
332:
326:
323:
320:
314:
308:
303:
300:
296:
293:
290:
284:
281:
280:Yusuf Zuayyin
278:
272:
266:
261:
258:
253:
249:
246:
240:
237:
236:Amin al-Hafiz
234:
228:
222:
217:
214:
209:
203:
198:
192:
187:
184:
180:
175:
172:
169:
163:
156:
155:Amin al-Hafiz
153:
147:
144:
141:
137:
131:
126:
123:
119:
114:
111:
108:
102:
97:
91:
88:
82:
76:
71:
68:
64:
59:
55:
48:
43:
29:
22:
19:
4324:
4306:
4299:
4239:Anti-Zionism
3852:Armed groups
3796:Popular Army
3774:Paramilitary
3547:Organization
3440:
3346:
3328:
3081:Muhsen Bilal
3065:
2784:Munif Razzaz
2728:
2704:Michel Aflaq
2662:
2626:Isam al-Qadi
2583:Munif Razzaz
2495:
2482:
2451:Michel Aflaq
2435:Munif Razzaz
2430:Michel Aflaq
2240:Michel Aflaq
2202:Predecessors
2169:
2160:
2077:Ghazi Kanaan
2066:
2047:Ahmad Qanbar
1977:Haqqi al-Azm
1844:M. al-Ayyubi
1829:N. al-Atassi
1828:
1605:H. al-Atassi
1600:M. al-Barazi
1554:H. al-Barazi
1538:
1519:A. al-Ayyubi
1421:H. al-Atassi
1310:N. al-Atassi
1309:
1300:L. al-Atassi
1222:H. al-Atassi
1195:H. al-Atassi
1167:H. al-Atassi
1119:H. al-Atassi
1062:Pierre-Alype
953:. Retrieved
931:
922:
910:. Retrieved
905:
896:
887:
858:
815:
783:. Retrieved
773:
757:cemetery in
735:
726:
712:
692:
678:during the "
672:
652:
641:
629:Jewish state
618:
590:Soviet Union
587:
564:
545:
534:
494:
492:since 1944.
486:Michel Aflaq
471:
456:
441:
407:
406:
396:Ba'ath Party
377:(1992-12-03)
366:French Syria
329:Succeeded by
306:
287:Succeeded by
264:
243:Succeeded by
220:
201:
190:
166:Succeeded by
129:
105:Succeeded by
96:Ba'ath Party
74:
18:
4366:1992 deaths
4361:1929 births
4284:Vanguardism
4259:Pan-Arabism
3889:Snake Party
3675:South Yemen
3506:Imad Khamis
3251:Salim Yasin
3171:Imad Khamis
3146:Salah Jadid
3131:Hilal Hilal
3126:Salim Hatum
3091:Ahmad Diyab
3016:Tahir Yahya
2774:Salah Jadid
2754:Elias Farah
2631:Rakad Salem
2605:Assem Qanso
2209:Arab Ba'ath
2072:Ali Hammoud
1779:al-Dawalibi
1721:(1958–1961)
1668:al-Dawalibi
1633:(1950–1958)
1489:(1930–1950)
1445:(1925–1930)
1332:B. al-Assad
1321:H. al-Assad
1240:(1958–1961)
1180:(1950–1958)
1087:(1930–1950)
1042:(1925–1930)
1014:(1922–1924)
955:5 September
912:5 September
699:coup d'état
644:Salah Jadid
583:Baath Party
501:Baath Party
490:Baath Party
478:Baath Party
317:Preceded by
275:Preceded by
231:Preceded by
150:Preceded by
143:Salah Jadid
85:Preceded by
4355:Categories
4293:Literature
4279:Secularism
4167:in Lebanon
3720:Newspapers
3665:Mauritania
3619:Mauritania
3486:Adel Safar
2886:Tariq Aziz
2496:(de facto)
2406:Leadership
2315:Post-split
2052:Fawzi Selu
1889:Ghalawanji
1769:al-Kuzbari
1534:al-Bukhari
1283:al-Kuzbari
1227:al-Quwatli
1216:al-Kuzbari
1161:al-Hinnawi
1151:al-Quwatli
765:References
480:, such as
355:1929-01-11
4318:Symbolism
4274:Saddamism
4254:Ba'athism
3737:Al-Thawra
3727:Al-Ba'ath
3670:Palestine
3624:Palestine
3347:(interim)
2619:Palestine
2423:Pre-split
2344:Arab Belt
2254:Pre-split
1854:al-Halabi
1849:Khleifawi
1839:Khleifawi
1789:K. al-Azm
1703:al-Ghazzi
1693:al-Khoury
1688:al-Ghazzi
1678:Shishakli
1663:al-Khatib
1653:K. al-Azm
1615:K. al-Azm
1590:K. al-Azm
1579:K. al-Azm
1574:al-Jabiri
1569:al-Khoury
1564:al-Jabiri
1544:K. al-Azm
1529:al-Haffar
1514:al-Hasani
1509:H. al-Azm
1504:al-Hasani
1476:al-Hasani
1465:al-Hasani
1427:Al-Droubi
1416:al-Rikabi
1315:al-Khatib
1211:Shishakli
1200:Shishakli
1146:al-Ayyubi
1135:al-Hasani
1124:al-Khatib
1102:al-Hasani
1073:al-Hasani
759:Kafr Aaya
523:of Iraq,
421:romanized
307:In office
265:In office
221:In office
202:In office
191:In office
130:In office
75:In office
4227:Ideology
4030:Ahd Bloc
2233:Founders
1916:* acting
1895:al-Halqi
1874:al-Otari
1864:Al-Zoubi
1834:al-Assad
1819:al-Bitar
1809:al-Hafiz
1804:al-Bitar
1799:al-Hafiz
1794:al-Bitar
1708:al-Asali
1698:al-Asali
1683:al-Asali
1658:al-Hakim
1648:al-Qudsi
1620:al-Qudsi
1610:al-Qudsi
1595:al-Za'im
1559:al-Ulshi
1549:al-Hakim
1432:al-Ulshi
1343:* acting
1305:al-Hafiz
1295:al-Qudsi
1156:al-Za'im
1140:al-Ulshi
1108:Solomiac
781:. Rulers
719:Damascus
663:Ethiopia
637:Damascus
614:New York
556:Damascus
497:Damascus
250:(acting)
4155:Unified
4150:Bakdash
3977:Current
3941:Al-Awda
3695:History
3660:Lebanon
3634:Tunisia
3609:Lebanon
3582:Bahrain
3577:Algeria
2692:of the
2689:Members
2598:Lebanon
2337:Members
2190:History
1859:al-Kasm
1824:Zuayyin
1814:Zuayyin
1784:al-Azma
1774:al-Nuss
1460:Barakat
1326:Khaddam
1289:al-Nuss
1114:al-Abid
1057:Barakat
1029:Barakat
785:23 July
668:Eritrea
659:Eritrea
657:. Upon
633:Hasakah
608:at the
423::
181:of the
120:of the
65:of the
37:
4023:Former
3655:Jordan
3604:Jordan
2571:Jordan
1905:Arnous
1900:Khamis
1741:Sarraj
1736:Kahala
1585:Mardam
1524:Mardam
1401:(1920)
1255:Nasser
1129:al-Azm
743:France
684:Jordan
541:Jordan
507:Career
412:Arabic
386:France
139:Deputy
4125:Sawab
3805:Youth
3767:Wings
3707:Yemen
3685:Syria
3680:Sudan
3639:Yemen
3629:Sudan
3614:Libya
3587:Egypt
3417:Syria
3315:Syria
3265:Yemen
3032:Syria
2641:Syria
1884:Hijab
1879:Safar
739:Paris
688:Irbid
606:Syria
537:Egypt
517:Cairo
382:Paris
255:54th
211:17th
3592:Iraq
3377:Iraq
3290:Iraq
2827:Iraq
2524:Iraq
1869:Mero
1673:Selu
1471:Nami
1388:List
1206:Selu
1068:Nami
1002:List
957:2010
914:2010
787:2012
751:Homs
731:Homs
560:Homs
484:and
467:Homs
459:Homs
444:Homs
372:Died
362:Homs
349:Born
717:in
4357::
940:^
930:.
904:.
886:.
867:^
857:.
824:^
814:.
795:^
761:.
741:,
733:.
612:,
585:.
418:,
414::
384:,
364:,
3513:*
3356:*
2675:*
2633:*
2590:*
2563:*
2505:*
2468:*
2140:e
2133:t
2126:v
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1891:*
1581:*
1467:*
1423:*
1390:)
1386:(
1375:e
1368:t
1361:v
1328:*
1317:*
1291:*
1285:*
1218:*
1202:*
1163:*
1142:*
1131:*
1110:*
1104:*
1075:*
1064:*
1004:)
1000:(
990:e
983:t
976:v
959:.
916:.
890:.
861:.
818:.
789:.
410:(
357:)
353:(
98:)
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