1654:
1510:
1201:
1108:
1742:
1261:
1422:
539:
1035:
1466:
1063:
400:
2122:
1775:
1289:
382:
49:
425:
680:, like royalty", and the sentence was not carried out. After the fall of Saddam in the Iraq War of 2003, al-Hafiz was quietly allowed to return to Syria. He died in Aleppo on 17 December 2009; reports of his age differ, but he was believed to be in his late 80s. He received a state-sponsored funeral.
657:
After being wounded in the three-hour shootout that preceded the coup, in which two of his children were seriously injured, al-Hafiz was jailed in
Damascus's Mezzeh prison before being sent to Lebanon in June 1967. A year later, he was relocated to
4395:
3714:
2351:
278:
61:
3704:
3611:
3045:
2840:
3709:
4390:
2702:
637:) faction. Jadid's supporters were also seen as more radically left-wing. The coup was also supported and led by officers from Syria's religious minorities, especially the
3853:
3694:
3653:
621:(The General Secretary of Presidential Council), on the early morning of the coup d'état. The coup sprung out of factional rivalry between Jadid's "regionalist" (
3643:
3674:
2373:
3888:
1388:
3721:
3699:
3601:
1961:
582:
352:
282:
65:
794:
3606:
2300:
4064:
1003:
575:
3945:
3560:
4199:
4181:
2185:
3960:
3938:
3918:
3591:
2176:
2153:
1653:
1509:
1200:
1107:
1741:
1421:
1260:
3908:
3689:
3618:
4049:
4028:
3878:
3574:
2708:
255:
1381:
734:
4420:
3628:
3623:
1954:
2310:
4079:
4018:
2346:
876:
4430:
4149:
4114:
3679:
4104:
4059:
3805:
3772:
972:
715:
4415:
4410:
4385:
4023:
3767:
3420:
2850:
1374:
996:
4169:
4164:
4154:
3955:
3928:
3669:
3430:
1947:
1402:
181:
4176:
3596:
3390:
3000:
547:
3998:
2368:
2203:
1456:
1053:
4425:
4209:
4119:
4074:
2995:
2238:
2146:
19:
This article is about the Syrian politician. For similarly named
Lebanese politician and Prime Minister, see
4435:
2320:
2295:
2275:
602:
574:. The coup d'état, led by the military committee, introduced al-Hafiz to public life. In the aftermath, the
571:
510:
4405:
4003:
2960:
2910:
1970:
989:
4400:
4144:
4109:
4069:
3950:
3648:
3328:
2363:
1034:
1016:
501:. When he was young, like other students, he threw stones at the French colonial authorities during the
4322:
4315:
4134:
4054:
3303:
3284:
2378:
2111:
1465:
1062:
4204:
4013:
3826:
506:
2121:
4124:
3975:
3090:
3025:
2875:
2575:
2139:
1128:
902:
1076:
4129:
3933:
3633:
3510:
3200:
2885:
2855:
2233:
2228:
1903:
1397:
578:(NCRC) became the country's supreme organ. It was dominated by the Syrian branch of the radical,
502:
20:
570:, and it was from there that he was summoned back to Syria by the victorious officers after the
4440:
4159:
3965:
3495:
3475:
3465:
3415:
3220:
3195:
3130:
3035:
2970:
2915:
2870:
2570:
2475:
1888:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1644:
1191:
463:
438:
3751:
3638:
3490:
3440:
3215:
3010:
2990:
2813:
2763:
2624:
2555:
2393:
2259:
2101:
2031:
1883:
1833:
1818:
1808:
1774:
1755:
1500:
1412:
1288:
1098:
849:
768:
4380:
4375:
3400:
3313:
3165:
3110:
2980:
2905:
2758:
2560:
1996:
1732:
1528:
1518:
1490:
1479:
1251:
1149:
1116:
1087:
927:
618:
119:(Regional Command dissolved in December 1965, new Regional Secretary elected in March 1966)
8:
3810:
3515:
3358:
3225:
3180:
3150:
3135:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2940:
2285:
2096:
2001:
1909:
1793:
1682:
1588:
1578:
1340:
694:
428:
567:
554:
During his stay in
Damascus, he was contacted again by the military committee's leader,
538:
4139:
4084:
3795:
3480:
3455:
3343:
3175:
3080:
2890:
2860:
2743:
2677:
2497:
2336:
2290:
2280:
2131:
2081:
2071:
1873:
1843:
1324:
1314:
1269:
1012:
614:
586:
543:
482:
237:
164:
125:
114:
3970:
3505:
3470:
3410:
3240:
3055:
3020:
2950:
2945:
2925:
2880:
2723:
2507:
2341:
2106:
2046:
2006:
1981:
1898:
1858:
1783:
1750:
1609:
1548:
1533:
1474:
1441:
1297:
1241:
1230:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1071:
1043:
1025:
968:
962:
667:
525:. When Syria broke with Egypt in September 1961, al-Hafiz was sent home to Damascus.
214:
610:
4258:
4248:
4008:
3485:
3235:
3230:
3120:
3100:
3085:
2895:
2865:
2783:
2753:
2748:
2667:
2480:
2398:
2305:
2051:
2041:
2036:
1878:
1619:
1614:
1599:
1538:
1435:
1236:
1209:
1181:
1133:
731:
405:
102:
1366:
1122:
633:, and the more traditionally pan-Arab al-Hafiz faction, called the "nationalist" (
4396:
Members of the
Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
4346:
3883:
3873:
3800:
3746:
3368:
3348:
3245:
3210:
3205:
3190:
3155:
3075:
3065:
3005:
2920:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2773:
2733:
2687:
2662:
2592:
2550:
2517:
2162:
2021:
2016:
1986:
1707:
1672:
1583:
1568:
1563:
1543:
1346:
1329:
1175:
1138:
738:
716:"Celebrity Astrology & Numerology - celebrity horoscopes astrology directory"
478:
454:
356:
259:
90:
4340:
4263:
3893:
3525:
3460:
3405:
3353:
3318:
3260:
3255:
3070:
3060:
2985:
2935:
2803:
2738:
2728:
2682:
2602:
2565:
2545:
2502:
2470:
2388:
2383:
2315:
2223:
2056:
2026:
1939:
1919:
1848:
1798:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1677:
1662:
1634:
1624:
1573:
1446:
1335:
1309:
1225:
1214:
1154:
689:
673:
559:
555:
514:
148:
4369:
4283:
4278:
3898:
3450:
3270:
3250:
3170:
3115:
3015:
2930:
2793:
2011:
1838:
1828:
1803:
1788:
1667:
1629:
1604:
1593:
1558:
1303:
1143:
981:
958:
630:
4268:
4253:
3741:
3684:
3095:
2798:
2718:
2640:
2597:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2254:
2091:
2061:
1991:
1523:
677:
590:
563:
325:
86:
4298:
4273:
3903:
3520:
3265:
3185:
3160:
3145:
3140:
3105:
3030:
2788:
2768:
2645:
2619:
2086:
1914:
606:
518:
494:
820:
4293:
3500:
2900:
2066:
1893:
1687:
1485:
1430:
1220:
1082:
4288:
2358:
589:, instituted socialist reforms, and oriented his country towards the
521:
and then to be commander of the Homs academy, before being posted to
48:
4044:
932:
663:
638:
579:
850:"Amin al-Hafez obituary: Leader of Syria's first Ba'athist regime"
795:"Salah Jadid, 63, Leader of Syria Deposed and Imprisoned by Assad"
505:. In 1948, at the age of 27, al-Hafiz volunteered to fight in the
659:
498:
341:
321:
424:
1765:
1279:
646:
642:
522:
387:
629:) camp of the Ba'ath Party, which promoted ambitions for a
497:
Arab family, the son of a police officer from the city of
473:
12 November 1921 – 17 December 2009), also known as
2161:
903:"Amin el-Hafez, Baathist Leader of Syria in 1960s, Dies"
605:
by a radical Ba'athist faction headed by Chief of Staff
477:, was a Syrian general, politician, and member of the
751:
749:
900:
468:
4391:
Members of the
National Command of the Ba'ath Party
1396:
3889:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
746:
676:"treated him and his fellow exile, Ba'ath founder
517:and was promoted to command the Eastern Front at
4367:
2374:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
1969:
964:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East
2301:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
1011:
874:
16:Syrian politician and army general (1921–2009)
4065:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
2147:
1955:
1382:
997:
877:"Syria Heralds Reforms, But Many Have Doubts"
576:National Council of the Revolutionary Command
3852:
775:. London. Associated Press. 16 February 2010
645:, whereas al-Hafiz belonged to the majority
623:
295:1 February 1964 – 19 December 1965
272:23 October 1963 – 23 February 1966
194:4 October 1964 – 23 September 1965
2154:
2140:
1962:
1948:
1389:
1375:
1004:
990:
78:4 October 1964 – 19 December 1965
47:
3946:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
901:AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (18 December 2009).
3909:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
537:
138:27 July 1963 – 23 February 1966
4050:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
4029:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
3879:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
843:
841:
821:"Syria:Coups and Countercoups, 1961-70"
485:from 27 July 1963 to 23 February 1966.
227:12 November 1963 – 13 May 1964
4368:
3961:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
727:
725:
542:Hafiz (right) with Egyptian President
4230:
3851:
3558:
2419:
2201:
2135:
1943:
1370:
985:
957:
847:
755:
4080:Palestinian National Salvation Front
848:Joffe, Lawrence (16 February 2010).
838:
493:Amin al-Hafiz was born in 1921 in a
4150:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
4115:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
722:
652:
458:
13:
4200:General Federation of Trade Unions
4060:Lebanese National Resistance Front
3773:National Progressive Front (Syria)
1773:
1740:
1652:
1508:
1464:
1420:
1287:
1259:
1199:
1106:
1061:
1033:
967:. University of California Press.
801:. Associated Press. 24 August 1993
683:
601:On 23 February 1966, al-Hafiz was
14:
4452:
4231:
4024:Palestine Liberation Organization
3768:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
3421:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
2851:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
613:was sent from Egyptian President
609:. A late warning telegram of the
3929:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
3559:
2833:Members of the Regional Commands
2120:
546:on his arrival to Cairo for the
533:
423:
398:
380:
4177:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2311:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
920:
688:Amin al-Hafiz was portrayed by
3999:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
2420:
951:
928:"The Spy – Full Cast and Crew"
894:
875:Anthony Shadid (18 May 2005).
868:
813:
787:
761:
708:
1:
4210:General Union of Syrian Women
4120:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
4075:Palestinian National Alliance
2347:Revolutionary Command Council
2239:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
701:
488:
4421:Syrian ministers of interior
4019:National Democratic Alliance
4004:Forces of Freedom and Change
3001:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
2961:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
2911:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
1971:Syrian Ministers of Interior
7:
4145:Social Democratic Unionists
4110:Arab Democratic Union Party
3806:National Defense Battalions
2202:
2164:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
624:
596:
469:
357:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
260:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
4457:
4431:Syrian expatriates in Iraq
4323:On the Way of Resurrection
4316:The Battle for One Destiny
4105:Arab Socialist Union Party
4055:Lebanese National Movement
3285:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
2996:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
2112:Mohammad Khaled al-Rahmoun
60:Regional Secretary of the
18:
4332:
4307:
4241:
4237:
4226:
4205:General Union of Peasants
4192:
4097:
4037:
4014:National Consensus Forces
3991:
3984:
3917:
3866:
3862:
3847:
3827:Revolutionary Youth Union
3819:
3788:
3781:
3760:
3734:
3662:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3554:
3539:
3429:
3389:
3382:
3327:
3302:
3295:
3279:
3044:
2839:
2832:
2701:
2655:
2633:
2612:
2585:
2538:
2531:
2490:
2458:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2415:
2329:
2268:
2247:
2216:
2212:
2197:
2171:
2118:
1977:
1928:
1764:
1731:
1643:
1499:
1455:
1411:
1355:
1278:
1250:
1190:
1097:
1052:
1024:
662:. In 1971, the courts of
528:
509:. In 1954, he joined the
444:
434:
419:
411:
393:
375:
370:
362:
348:
331:
308:
303:
299:
288:
276:
265:
253:
243:
231:
220:
208:
198:
187:
180:
170:
158:
142:
131:
124:
108:
96:
82:
71:
59:
55:
46:
37:
30:
4416:Syrian Arab nationalists
4411:Prime ministers of Syria
4386:Leaders ousted by a coup
4155:Socialist Unionist Party
4125:Libyan National Movement
3951:Arabic Toilers' Movement
3855:Associated organizations
3715:National Security Bureau
3663:Syrian-dominated faction
3091:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
3026:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
2876:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
2576:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
2491:Syrian-dominated faction
2187:Syrian-dominated faction
1398:Prime ministers of Syria
769:"Amin al-Hafez obituary"
558:. In December 1961, the
38:
4130:National Covenant Party
3934:Arab Socialist Movement
3585:Iraqi-dominated faction
3511:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
3201:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
2886:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
2856:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
2459:Iraqi-dominated faction
2379:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
2369:Union of Arab Republics
2321:1966 Syrian coup d'état
2296:1963 Syrian coup d'état
2276:1954 Syrian coup d'état
2234:Arab Socialist Movement
2178:Iraqi-dominated faction
666:sentenced him to death
503:French mandate of Syria
182:Prime Minister of Syria
21:Amin al-Hafez (Lebanon)
4160:Syrian Communist Party
3966:Palestinian Arab Front
3496:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
3476:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
3466:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
3416:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
3221:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
3196:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
3131:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
3036:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
2971:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
2916:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
2871:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
2571:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
2476:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1779:
1746:
1658:
1645:Second Syrian Republic
1514:
1470:
1426:
1293:
1265:
1205:
1192:Second Syrian Republic
1112:
1067:
1039:
737:5 October 2011 at the
692:in the Netflix series
562:regime exiled Amin to
551:
439:First Arab-Israeli War
353:Syrian Regional Branch
283:Syrian Regional Branch
83:Secretary General
66:Syrian Regional Branch
3976:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
3491:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
3441:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
3216:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
3011:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
2764:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2625:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
2260:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
2102:Said Mohammad Sammour
2032:Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj
1777:
1744:
1657:First Syrian Republic
1656:
1513:First Syrian Republic
1512:
1501:First Syrian Republic
1468:
1425:Arab Kingdom of Syria
1424:
1413:Arab Kingdom of Syria
1291:
1263:
1204:First Syrian Republic
1203:
1111:First Syrian Republic
1110:
1099:First Syrian Republic
1065:
1037:
541:
507:1948 Arab–Israeli War
412:Years of service
4426:Syrian Sunni Muslims
4070:National Union Front
3401:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3359:Abdul Halim Khaddam
3314:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
3166:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
3111:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
2981:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
2906:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2759:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2561:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2532:Regional Secretaries
2229:Arab Ba'ath Movement
1997:Taj al-Din al-Hasani
1778:Syrian Arab Republic
1766:Syrian Arab Republic
1745:United Arab Republic
1733:United Arab Republic
1554:post vacant, 1939–41
1292:Syrian Arab Republic
1280:Syrian Arab Republic
1264:United Arab Republic
1252:United Arab Republic
619:Nasim al-Safarjalani
4406:Presidents of Syria
4193:Other organizations
4135:Popular Unity Party
3985:Political alliances
3516:Wael Nader al-Halqi
3383:Heads of government
3226:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
3181:Abdul Halim Khaddam
3151:Mohammad al-Hussein
3136:Wael Nader al-Halqi
2976:Taha Yassin Ramadan
2966:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
2956:Ali Hassan al-Majid
2941:Latif Nassif Jassim
2431:General Secretaries
2364:Corrective Movement
2286:1959 Mosul uprising
2097:Bassam Abdel Majeed
2002:Saadallah al-Jabiri
1013:Presidents of Syria
881:The Washington Post
429:General of the Army
4401:People from Aleppo
4085:Rejectionist Front
3481:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
3456:Nureddin al-Atassi
3344:Nureddin al-Atassi
3176:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
3081:Nureddin al-Atassi
2991:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2891:Salih Mahdi Ammash
2861:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
2814:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2744:Nureddin al-Atassi
2678:Nureddin al-Atassi
2556:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
2508:Abdullah al-Ahmar
2498:Nureddin al-Atassi
2394:De-Ba'athification
2337:17 July Revolution
2291:Ramadan Revolution
2281:14 July Revolution
2082:Nureddin al-Atassi
2072:Abdel Hamid Sarraj
1780:
1747:
1659:
1515:
1471:
1427:
1294:
1266:
1206:
1113:
1068:
1040:
907:The New York Times
825:countrystudies.us/
799:The New York Times
615:Gamal Abdel Nasser
552:
548:Arab League summit
544:Gamal Abdel Nasser
483:President of Syria
481:who served as the
249:Salah al-Din Bitar
238:Salah al-Din Bitar
204:Salah al-Din Bitar
176:Nureddin al-Atassi
152:Nureddin al-Atassi
126:President of Syria
115:Nureddin al-Atassi
4436:Military attachés
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4098:Political parties
4093:
4092:
3971:Socialist Lebanon
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3730:
3729:
3576:Regional branches
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3506:Riyad Farid Hijab
3471:Mahmoud al-Ayyubi
3378:
3377:
3364:
3291:
3290:
3241:Hikmat al-Shihabi
3056:Abdullah al-Ahmar
3021:Hardan al-Tikriti
2951:Adnan Khayr Allah
2946:Rashid Taan Kazim
2881:Salah Omar al-Ali
2724:Abdullah al-Ahmar
2697:
2696:
2527:
2526:
2513:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2129:
2128:
2107:Mohammad Al Shaar
2007:Nasuhi al-Bukhari
1982:Ata Bey al-Ayyubi
1937:
1936:
1364:
1363:
1038:Syrian Federation
1026:Syrian Federation
467:
448:
447:
120:
4448:
4259:Arab nationalism
4249:Anti-imperialism
4239:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4009:March 8 Alliance
3989:
3988:
3921:
3920:Breakaway groups
3864:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3786:
3785:
3612:Regional Command
3582:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3486:Mahmoud Al-Zoubi
3433:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3360:
3331:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3236:Farouk al-Sharaa
3231:Hammouda Sabbagh
3121:Ibrahim al-Hadid
3101:Mahdi Dakhlallah
3086:Shibli al-Aysami
3048:
2896:Hussein Al-Awadi
2866:Saad Abdul-Majid
2843:
2837:
2836:
2784:Akram al-Hawrani
2754:Shibli al-Aysami
2749:Mansur al-Atrash
2711:
2710:National Command
2705:
2668:Shibli al-Aysami
2536:
2535:
2509:
2481:Salah Al-Mukhtar
2435:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2399:Syrian civil war
2306:Ar-Rashid revolt
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2179:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2052:Rushdi al-Kikhya
2042:Muhsin al-Barazi
2037:Jamil Mardam Bey
1964:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1406:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1006:
999:
992:
983:
982:
978:
945:
944:
942:
940:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
898:
892:
891:
889:
887:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
845:
836:
835:
833:
831:
817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
759:
753:
744:
743:
729:
720:
719:
712:
653:Exile and return
627:
568:military attaché
472:
462:
460:
427:
406:Syrian Arab Army
404:
402:
401:
386:
384:
383:
371:Military service
338:
335:17 December 2009
319:12 November 1921
318:
316:
304:Personal details
293:
279:Regional Command
270:
256:National Command
246:
234:
225:
211:
201:
192:
173:
161:
154:Shibli al-Aysami
145:
136:
118:
111:
103:Shibli al-Aysami
99:
76:
62:Regional Command
51:
41:
28:
27:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4351:
4347:Pan-Arab colors
4341:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
4328:
4303:
4233:
4214:
4188:
4089:
4033:
3980:
3939:Damascus branch
3919:
3913:
3884:Free Iraqi Army
3874:Al-Abud Network
3858:
3854:
3831:
3815:
3801:Fedayeen Saddam
3796:Ba'ath Brigades
3777:
3756:
3747:Sawt al-Jamahir
3726:
3705:Central Command
3658:
3575:
3565:
3561:
3542:
3531:
3431:
3425:
3391:
3374:
3369:Bashar al-Assad
3349:Ahmad al-Khatib
3329:
3323:
3304:
3287:
3275:
3246:Hammud al-Shufi
3211:Zuhair Masharqa
3206:Ibrahim Makhous
3191:Ahmad al-Khatib
3156:Hisham Ikhtiyar
3076:Rifaat al-Assad
3066:Bashar al-Assad
3046:
3040:
3006:Talib El-Shibib
2921:Saadoun Ghaidan
2841:
2828:
2824:Khaled Yashruti
2819:Talib El-Shibib
2809:Abdullah Rimawi
2774:Wahib al-Ghanim
2734:Bashar al-Assad
2709:
2703:
2693:
2688:Bashar al-Assad
2663:Hammud al-Shufi
2651:
2629:
2608:
2593:Abdullah Rimawi
2581:
2551:Talib El-Shibib
2523:
2518:Bashar al-Assad
2486:
2454:
2422:
2403:
2325:
2264:
2243:
2208:
2204:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2130:
2125:
2116:
2022:Fares al-Khoury
2017:Lutfi al-Haffar
1987:Husni al-Barazi
1973:
1968:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1768:
1760:
1735:
1727:
1647:
1639:
1503:
1495:
1459:
1451:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1282:
1274:
1254:
1246:
1194:
1186:
1101:
1093:
1056:
1048:
1028:
1020:
1010:
975:
954:
949:
948:
938:
936:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
899:
895:
885:
883:
873:
869:
859:
857:
846:
839:
829:
827:
819:
818:
814:
804:
802:
793:
792:
788:
778:
776:
767:
766:
762:
754:
747:
741:
739:Wayback Machine
730:
723:
714:
713:
709:
704:
686:
684:Popular culture
655:
599:
536:
531:
491:
399:
397:
381:
379:
366:Zeinab al-Hafiz
349:Political party
340:
336:
320:
314:
312:
294:
289:
271:
266:
244:
232:
226:
221:
209:
199:
193:
188:
171:
165:Lu'ay al-Atassi
159:
153:
151:
143:
137:
132:
117:
109:
97:
91:Munif al-Razzaz
89:
77:
72:
42:
39:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4454:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Arab socialism
4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Jeish Muhammad
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3868:
3860:
3859:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3761:Popular fronts
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3526:Hussein Arnous
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Hafez al-Assad
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:Sa'dun Hammadi
3408:
3406:Saddam Hussein
3403:
3397:
3395:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3356:
3354:Hafez al-Assad
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3319:Saddam Hussein
3316:
3310:
3308:
3297:
3296:Heads of state
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3261:Muhammad Umran
3258:
3256:Hasan Turkmani
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Hafez al-Assad
3068:
3063:
3061:Hussein Arnous
3058:
3052:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Fuad al-Rikabi
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Saddam Hussein
2933:
2928:
2926:Sa'dun Hammadi
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Fuad al-Rikabi
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Hafez al-Assad
2736:
2731:
2729:Zaki al-Arsuzi
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2683:Hafez al-Assad
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2603:Akram al-Homsi
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2566:Saddam Hussein
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Fuad al-Rikabi
2542:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2505:
2503:Hafez al-Assad
2500:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2471:Saddam Hussein
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Iraqi conflict
2386:
2384:Faith Campaign
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2342:Ba'athist Iraq
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2316:1964 Hama riot
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2057:Rashad Barmada
2054:
2049:
2047:Husni al-Za'im
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:Sabri al-Asali
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1772:
1770:
1769:(1961–present)
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1651:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1469:State of Syria
1463:
1461:
1457:State of Syria
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1286:
1284:
1283:(1961–present)
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1066:State of Syria
1060:
1058:
1054:State of Syria
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1008:
1001:
994:
986:
980:
979:
974:978-0520069763
973:
959:Seale, Patrick
953:
950:
947:
946:
919:
893:
867:
837:
812:
786:
760:
745:
721:
706:
705:
703:
700:
690:Waleed Zuaiter
685:
682:
674:Saddam Hussein
654:
651:
598:
595:
585:. Amin became
556:Muhammad Umran
535:
532:
530:
527:
515:Adib Shishakli
490:
487:
446:
445:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:
421:
417:
416:
413:
409:
408:
395:
394:Branch/service
391:
390:
377:
373:
372:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
350:
346:
345:
339:(aged 88)
333:
329:
328:
310:
306:
305:
301:
300:
297:
296:
286:
285:
277:Member of the
274:
273:
263:
262:
254:Member of the
251:
250:
247:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
218:
217:
215:Yusuf Zu'ayyin
212:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
185:
184:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
162:
156:
155:
149:Muhammad Umran
146:
144:Vice President
140:
139:
129:
128:
122:
121:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
84:
80:
79:
69:
68:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4453:
4442:
4441:Syrian exiles
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:Republicanism
4282:
4280:
4279:Progressivism
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:Miscellaneous
4229:
4225:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Rejectionists
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3541:* = incumbent
3538:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Yusuf Zuayyin
3449:
3447:
3446:Amin al-Hafiz
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:Amin al-Hafiz
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:Yusuf Zuayyin
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Mustafa Tlass
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Sami al-Jundi
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Amin al-Hafiz
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Marwan Habash
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Khamis Sirhan
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Qusay Hussein
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:Zuheir Mohsen
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Amin al-Hafiz
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Amin al-Hafiz
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2414:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2123:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:Amin al-Hafiz
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Khalid al-Azm
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1002:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
987:
984:
976:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
955:
935:
934:
929:
923:
908:
904:
897:
882:
878:
871:
855:
851:
844:
842:
826:
822:
816:
800:
796:
790:
774:
770:
764:
758:, p. 80.
757:
752:
750:
740:
736:
733:
728:
726:
717:
711:
707:
699:
697:
696:
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Greater Syria
628:
626:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
592:
588:
584:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
549:
545:
540:
534:Rise to power
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
486:
484:
480:
476:
471:
470:Amīn al-Ḥāfiẓ
465:
456:
452:
451:Amin al-Hafiz
443:
440:
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
396:
392:
389:
378:
374:
369:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
334:
330:
327:
323:
311:
307:
302:
298:
292:
287:
284:
280:
275:
269:
264:
261:
257:
252:
248:
242:
239:
236:
230:
224:
219:
216:
213:
207:
203:
197:
191:
186:
183:
179:
175:
169:
166:
163:
157:
150:
147:
141:
135:
130:
127:
123:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
75:
70:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
36:
32:Amin Al-Hafiz
29:
26:
22:
4339:
4321:
4314:
4254:Anti-Zionism
3867:Armed groups
3811:Popular Army
3789:Paramilitary
3562:Organization
3445:
3361:
3338:
3125:
3096:Muhsen Bilal
2799:Munif Razzaz
2778:
2719:Michel Aflaq
2672:
2641:Isam al-Qadi
2598:Munif Razzaz
2510:
2466:Michel Aflaq
2450:Munif Razzaz
2445:Michel Aflaq
2255:Michel Aflaq
2217:Predecessors
2184:
2175:
2092:Ghazi Kanaan
2076:
2062:Ahmad Qanbar
1992:Haqqi al-Azm
1859:M. al-Ayyubi
1844:N. al-Atassi
1823:
1813:
1620:H. al-Atassi
1615:M. al-Barazi
1569:H. al-Barazi
1553:
1534:A. al-Ayyubi
1436:H. al-Atassi
1325:N. al-Atassi
1319:
1315:L. al-Atassi
1237:H. al-Atassi
1210:H. al-Atassi
1182:H. al-Atassi
1134:H. al-Atassi
1077:Pierre-Alype
963:
939:12 September
937:. Retrieved
931:
922:
910:. Retrieved
906:
896:
884:. Retrieved
880:
870:
858:. Retrieved
854:The Guardian
853:
828:. Retrieved
824:
815:
803:. Retrieved
798:
789:
777:. Retrieved
773:The Guardian
772:
763:
710:
693:
687:
678:Michel Aflaq
668:
656:
649:population.
634:
622:
600:
591:Eastern Bloc
583:Ba'ath Party
572:8 March coup
564:Buenos Aires
553:
492:
479:Ba'ath Party
474:
450:
449:
435:Battles/wars
337:(2009-12-17)
326:French Syria
290:
267:
245:Succeeded by
222:
210:Succeeded by
189:
172:Succeeded by
133:
110:Succeeded by
87:Michel Aflaq
73:
25:
4381:2009 deaths
4376:1921 births
4299:Vanguardism
4274:Pan-Arabism
3904:Snake Party
3690:South Yemen
3521:Imad Khamis
3266:Salim Yasin
3186:Imad Khamis
3161:Salah Jadid
3146:Hilal Hilal
3141:Salim Hatum
3106:Ahmad Diyab
3031:Tahir Yahya
2789:Salah Jadid
2769:Elias Farah
2646:Rakad Salem
2620:Assem Qanso
2224:Arab Ba'ath
2087:Ali Hammoud
1794:al-Dawalibi
1736:(1958–1961)
1683:al-Dawalibi
1648:(1950–1958)
1504:(1930–1950)
1460:(1925–1930)
1347:B. al-Assad
1336:H. al-Assad
1255:(1958–1961)
1195:(1950–1958)
1102:(1930–1950)
1057:(1925–1930)
1029:(1922–1924)
952:Works cited
742:(in Arabic)
672:; however,
669:in absentia
611:coup d'état
607:Salah Jadid
519:Deir ez-Zor
459:أمين الحافظ
233:Preceded by
200:Preceded by
160:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
40:أمين الحافظ
4370:Categories
4308:Literature
4294:Secularism
4182:in Lebanon
3735:Newspapers
3680:Mauritania
3634:Mauritania
3501:Adel Safar
2901:Tariq Aziz
2511:(de facto)
2421:Leadership
2330:Post-split
2067:Fawzi Selu
1904:Ghalawanji
1784:al-Kuzbari
1549:al-Bukhari
1298:al-Kuzbari
1242:al-Quwatli
1231:al-Kuzbari
1176:al-Hinnawi
1166:al-Quwatli
756:Seale 1990
732:Syria-news
702:References
603:overthrown
489:Early life
475:Amin Hafez
376:Allegiance
315:1921-11-12
4333:Symbolism
4289:Saddamism
4269:Ba'athism
3752:Al-Thawra
3742:Al-Ba'ath
3685:Palestine
3639:Palestine
3362:(interim)
2634:Palestine
2438:Pre-split
2359:Arab Belt
2269:Pre-split
1869:al-Halabi
1864:Khleifawi
1854:Khleifawi
1804:K. al-Azm
1718:al-Ghazzi
1708:al-Khoury
1703:al-Ghazzi
1693:Shishakli
1678:al-Khatib
1668:K. al-Azm
1630:K. al-Azm
1605:K. al-Azm
1594:K. al-Azm
1589:al-Jabiri
1584:al-Khoury
1579:al-Jabiri
1559:K. al-Azm
1544:al-Haffar
1529:al-Hasani
1524:H. al-Azm
1519:al-Hasani
1491:al-Hasani
1480:al-Hasani
1442:Al-Droubi
1431:al-Rikabi
1330:al-Khatib
1226:Shishakli
1215:Shishakli
1161:al-Ayyubi
1150:al-Hasani
1139:al-Khatib
1117:al-Hasani
1088:al-Hasani
587:president
464:romanized
415:1938–1966
291:In office
268:In office
223:In office
190:In office
134:In office
74:In office
4242:Ideology
4045:Ahd Bloc
2248:Founders
1931:* acting
1910:al-Halqi
1889:al-Otari
1879:Al-Zoubi
1849:al-Assad
1834:al-Bitar
1824:al-Hafiz
1819:al-Bitar
1814:al-Hafiz
1809:al-Bitar
1723:al-Asali
1713:al-Asali
1698:al-Asali
1673:al-Hakim
1663:al-Qudsi
1635:al-Qudsi
1625:al-Qudsi
1610:al-Za'im
1574:al-Ulshi
1564:al-Hakim
1447:al-Ulshi
1358:* acting
1320:al-Hafiz
1310:al-Qudsi
1171:al-Za'im
1155:al-Ulshi
1123:Solomiac
961:(1990).
933:TV Guide
856:. London
735:Archived
664:Damascus
641:and the
639:Alawites
597:Downfall
580:pan-Arab
513:against
511:uprising
4170:Unified
4165:Bakdash
3992:Current
3956:Al-Awda
3710:History
3675:Lebanon
3649:Tunisia
3624:Lebanon
3597:Bahrain
3592:Algeria
2707:of the
2704:Members
2613:Lebanon
2352:Members
2205:History
1874:al-Kasm
1839:Zuayyin
1829:Zuayyin
1799:al-Azma
1789:al-Nuss
1475:Barakat
1341:Khaddam
1304:al-Nuss
1129:al-Abid
1072:Barakat
1044:Barakat
695:The Spy
660:Baghdad
550:, 1964.
466::
355:of the
344:, Syria
281:of the
258:of the
64:of the
4038:Former
3670:Jordan
3619:Jordan
2586:Jordan
1920:Arnous
1915:Khamis
1756:Sarraj
1751:Kahala
1600:Mardam
1539:Mardam
1416:(1920)
1270:Nasser
1144:al-Azm
971:
912:31 May
886:31 May
860:31 May
830:31 May
805:31 May
779:31 May
529:Career
499:Aleppo
455:Arabic
403:
385:
363:Spouse
342:Aleppo
322:Aleppo
4140:Sawab
3820:Youth
3782:Wings
3722:Yemen
3700:Syria
3695:Sudan
3654:Yemen
3644:Sudan
3629:Libya
3602:Egypt
3432:Syria
3330:Syria
3280:Yemen
3047:Syria
2656:Syria
1899:Hijab
1894:Safar
647:Sunni
643:Druze
635:qawmi
625:qutri
560:Qudsi
523:Cairo
495:Sunni
388:Syria
3607:Iraq
3392:Iraq
3305:Iraq
2842:Iraq
2539:Iraq
1884:Mero
1688:Selu
1486:Nami
1403:List
1221:Selu
1083:Nami
1017:List
969:ISBN
941:2023
914:2012
888:2012
862:2012
832:2012
807:2012
781:2012
420:Rank
332:Died
309:Born
617:to
566:as
4372::
930:.
905:.
879:.
852:.
840:^
823:.
797:.
771:.
748:^
724:^
698:.
593:.
461:,
457::
324:,
3528:*
3371:*
2690:*
2648:*
2605:*
2578:*
2520:*
2483:*
2155:e
2148:t
2141:v
1963:e
1956:t
1949:v
1906:*
1596:*
1482:*
1438:*
1405:)
1401:(
1390:e
1383:t
1376:v
1343:*
1332:*
1306:*
1300:*
1233:*
1217:*
1178:*
1157:*
1146:*
1125:*
1119:*
1090:*
1079:*
1019:)
1015:(
1005:e
998:t
991:v
977:.
943:.
916:.
890:.
864:.
834:.
809:.
783:.
718:.
453:(
317:)
313:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
