192:
Commissioner to South Africa was recalled when Sani Abacha was the Head of State following the controversy between Abacha and Nelson
Mandela after the killing of the 9 Ogoni Activists in 1995 (Ken Saro Wiwa and others). 2. A recall could be on account of a diplomatic misdemeanor. For instance, if a diplomat is accused of any criminal act, such as smuggling or drug trafficking, knowing fully well. that diplomats' luggage is not to be searched. 3. A diplomat could be recalled when the receiving state feels very uncomfortable or considers such diplomat as interfering in the internal affairs of the state. Such a diploma will automatically be declared as a person non-grata There could be other situations that may also lead to the recall of ambassadors or diplomats. After the annulment of the June 12 election in 1993 and the subsequent events that followed, Nigeria was ostracized from the international community. The Commonwealth of Nations expelled Nigeria, and most of Nigeria's traditional allies, c.g U.S, U.K, and Canada, etc recalled their ambassadors because they were condemning the repressive regime of Abacha. It is important to note that the recall of a diplomat is the beginning or actual deterioration of the relationship between the two countries.
101:
245:
469:
376:
154:
1623:
436:(speaking note) may be presented by a visiting official when meeting with an official from another state at the conclusion of the meeting. Prepared in advance, it contains a short summary of the main points addressed by the visiting official during the meeting and, firstly, serves as a memory aid for the visiting official when speaking. It, secondly, removes ambiguity about the subject of the meeting occasioned by verbal miscues by the visiting official.
31:
1635:
513:
191:
To recall a diplomat means that the country that sent him either wants him to return home briefly or permanently, which may be as a result of the following; 1. To recall the person for a brief consultation on a burning issue of either commercial or political importance. For instance, Nigeria's High
73:
Letters between two monarchs of equal rank will typically begin with the salutation "Sir My
Brother" (or "Madame My Sister", in the case of a female monarch) and close with the valediction "Your Good Brother" (or Sister, in the case of a female monarch). In the case where one monarch is of inferior
561:
States may sometimes reject diplomatic correspondence addressed to them by returning the original copy to the sending state. This is done as a rebuff of the contents of the correspondence and is typically reserved for cases where the receiving state feels the language used by the sending state is
503:
is a proposed agreement or negotiating text circulated informally among multiple states for discussion without committing the originating delegation's country to the contents. It has no identified source, title, or attribution and no standing in the relationship involved.
234:
was to be able to dispense, as far as possible, with the long delays needed in earlier times for referring problems back to higher authority. Their use at the present day is a formal recognition of the necessity of absolute confidence in the authority and standing of the
53:
is correspondence between one state and another and is usually of a formal character. It follows several widely observed customs and style in composition, substance, presentation, and delivery and can generally be categorized into letters and notes.
403:
136:
or government." The credentials are presented personally to the receiving country's head of state or viceroy in a formal ceremony. Letters of credence are worded carefully, as the sending or acceptance of a letter implies
82:), the inferior monarch will use the salutation "Sire" (or "Madame"), while the superior monarch may refer to the other as "Cousin" instead of "Brother". If either the sender or the recipient is the head-of-state of a
365:
The
Ukrainian party categorically denies extension of sovereignty of the Russian Federation on Ukrainian territory, and reserves the right to exercise measures in accordance with international law and the laws of
100:
540:
among states of a linguistically diverse Europe. By the early 19th century French had firmly supplanted Latin as the language of diplomacy; on one occasion, in 1817, the
British attempted to correspond with the
490:. Officially described as "a request or intercession with a foreign official" it is a written request that is presented without attribution from the composing state and is, therefore, delivered in-person.
86:, letters may begin with the salutation "My Great and Good Friend" and close with the valediction "Your Good Friend"; beneath the signature line will be inscribed "To Our Great and Good Friend ".
391:. The collective note has been a rarely used form of diplomatic communication due to the difficulty in obtaining agreements among multiple states to the exact wording of a letter.
203:
In cases where an envoy is entrusted with unusually extensive tasks that would not be covered by an ordinary permanent legation (such as the negotiation of a special
717:
553:. In modern times, English has largely replaced French as a diplomatic lingua franca in correspondence between two states lacking a common tongue.
287:) is a formal form of note and is so named by originally representing a formal record of information delivered orally. It is less formal than a
977:
358:
323:
The
Embassy presents its compliments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and has the honor to invite their attention to the following matter.
524:
Standard diplomatic protocol varies from country to country, but generally requires clear yet concise translation between both parties.
520:
threatened to correspond with the United
Kingdom in German if it sent diplomatic correspondence to him in English, instead of French.
883:. Vol. 9 International Relations and Legal Cooperation in General Diplomacy and Consular Relations. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
1114:
399:
An identic note is a letter delivered from a single state to multiple recipient states. Examples include the identic note sent by
244:
219:
signed by the head of the State" designing "either limited or unlimited full powers, according to the requirements of the case."
888:
879:. In Bernhardt, Rudolf; Bindschedler, Rudolf; Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (eds.).
929:
132:, the letter closes with a phrase "asking that credit may be given to all that the ambassador may say in the name of his
1661:
859:
784:
640:
387:
A collective note is a letter delivered from multiple states to a single recipient state. It is always written in the
252:
1579:
1010:
562:
rude, or the subject matter represents an inappropriate intercession into the receiving state's internal affairs.
418:
in 1929. In it, the United States called on the other two powers to peacefully resolve their differences over the
1608:
380:
346:
165:
811:
757:
1671:
17:
1167:
184:
A letter of recall is formal correspondence from one head-of-state notifying a second head-of-state that
1676:
1638:
1596:
79:
468:
338:
The
Embassy avails itself of this opportunity of assuring the Ministry of its highest consideration.
1586:
1231:
972:
836:
75:
1666:
1339:
1050:
1034:
989:
922:
419:
1103:
1023:
827:
1434:
546:
517:
138:
43:
749:
699:
1071:
876:
662:
441:
256:
66:, typically used for the appointment and recall of ambassadors; for the announcement of the
1520:
1404:
1394:
1289:
1203:
704:
1108:
8:
1495:
1455:
1399:
1369:
1344:
1334:
1309:
1279:
1160:
984:
67:
1125:
1120:
1626:
1553:
1515:
1510:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1465:
1429:
1324:
1299:
1294:
1238:
1155:
1135:
915:
737:
586:, partly for domestic consumption, and partly to cast blame on other sovereign actors.
542:
311:
are written in the third person and printed on official letterhead; they are typically
95:
1130:
1558:
1526:
1460:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1364:
1354:
1349:
1314:
1304:
1258:
1243:
1066:
894:
884:
855:
807:
780:
753:
742:
636:
579:
575:
803:
The
International Law of Diplomacy: The Diplomatic Instrument and World Public Order
379:
Formal correspondence originating from the U.S. State
Department is sealed with the
70:
or an accession to the throne; or for expressions of congratulations or condolence.
1591:
1475:
1409:
1329:
1319:
1274:
1253:
1226:
1218:
532:
The earliest forms of diplomatic correspondence were, out of necessity, written in
400:
315:
with an embosser or, in some cases, a stamp. All notes verbale begin with a formal
248:
207:
or convention, or representation at a diplomatic congress), an envoy may be given
1574:
1505:
1379:
1183:
1029:
801:
774:
719:МИД вызвал Временного поверенного в делах РФ в Украине для вручения ноты-протеста
694:
678:
550:
473:
283:
35:
499:
463:
296:
1500:
1470:
1359:
1208:
216:
39:
1655:
1384:
1374:
1083:
1078:
898:
537:
472:
A British foreign office internal record of a 1921 aide-mémoire delivered to
407:
312:
141:
of the other government. Letters of credence date to the thirteenth century.
125:
109:
63:
744:
World
Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: A Resource for Readers and Writers
415:
375:
907:
512:
1603:
1450:
1284:
583:
331:
208:
663:
The Position of Heads of State and Senior Officials in International Law
482:
459:
153:
1532:
1005:
571:
316:
128:
appoints ("accredits") ambassadors to foreign countries. Also known as
1094:
1548:
1213:
938:
595:
105:
852:
The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution, Theory, and Administration
1248:
942:
83:
30:
388:
383:, which is embossed on a paper wafer using this 1903 letterpress.
260:
133:
486:(non-paper) is considered less formal than the already informal
108:
Andres Unga presents his letter of credence to Governor-General
27:
Correspondence between a state, nation or sovereign with another
1389:
1015:
204:
226:, the bestowal of full powers traces its history to the Roman
533:
411:
570:
Diplomatic correspondence has been published in the form of
440:
are always presented without credit or attribution so as to
444:
of the meeting in case the document is later disclosed.
46:
shows the republican salutation "Great and Good Friend".
635:(6 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 45–66.
685:(Vol. 1, 2005: ed. Ronald Roxburgh), § 371, p. 550.
741:
1653:
776:The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy
700:English Diplomatic Practice in the Middle Ages
674:
672:
578:which go back to the seventeenth century, the
447:
359:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
923:
736:
868:
806:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 184.
404:regarding action against the Barbary Pirates
937:
669:
930:
916:
854:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 109–111.
549:to threaten retaliatory correspondence in
748:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. pp.
881:Encyclopedia of Public International Law
849:
656:
654:
652:
511:
467:
374:
243:
99:
74:rank to the other (for instance, if the
29:
874:
630:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
14:
1654:
89:
1115:Conseiller chargé des investissements
911:
799:
772:
649:
282:
1634:
607:
259:after presenting her credentials to
148:
144:
62:Letters are correspondence between
24:
425:
370:
34:An 1862 letter of condolence from
25:
1688:
875:Hartwig, Matthias (12 May 2014).
253:United States ambassador to Japan
1633:
1622:
1621:
829:Protocol for the Modern Diplomat
666:(Oxford University Press, 2014).
152:
42:on the occasion of the death of
1609:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
843:
394:
381:Great Seal of the United States
267:
124:) is the instrument by which a
820:
793:
766:
730:
710:
688:
565:
330:will also close with a formal
198:
13:
1:
683:International Law: A Treatise
601:
357:The Ukrainian protest of the
303:can also be referred to as a
1604:Twin towns and sister cities
726:(in Russian). 18 March 2014.
556:
442:preserve the confidentiality
186:he or she is recalling their
78:were to correspond with the
7:
800:Murty, Bhagevatula (1989).
633:Satow's Diplomatic Practice
589:
527:
507:
349:are written on blue paper.
224:Satow's Diplomatic Practice
10:
1693:
1597:Plenipotentiary Conference
516:Austrian foreign minister
457:
352:
295:) but more formal than an
93:
80:King of the United Kingdom
57:
1662:Diplomatic correspondence
1617:
1567:
1541:
1443:
1267:
1196:
1176:
1148:
1092:
1059:
1043:
998:
965:
956:
949:
51:Diplomatic correspondence
1587:Parliamentary delegation
1466:Diplomatic accreditation
1232:African Diplomatic Corps
973:Permanent representative
850:Hamilton, Keith (2011).
837:U.S. Department of State
718:
239:
76:Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1035:Deputy chief of mission
990:Resident representative
543:Austrian Imperial Court
104:Estonian ambassador to
1481:Diplomatic credentials
631:Roberts, Ivor (2009).
547:Klemens von Metternich
545:in English, prompting
521:
518:Klemens von Metternich
477:
384:
368:
347:British Foreign Office
340:
325:
264:
237:
139:diplomatic recognition
113:
47:
1072:Resident commissioner
1044:Bilateral-subnational
582:and many others from
515:
471:
420:Eastern China Railway
378:
363:
336:
321:
280:French pronunciation:
257:Tokyo Imperial Palace
247:
232:
103:
33:
1672:Diplomatic documents
1204:Apostolic nunciature
1104:Agricultural attaché
705:Hambledon and London
284:[nɔtvɛʁ.bal]
188:state's ambassador.
68:death of a sovereign
1496:Diplomatic immunity
1456:Consular assistance
985:Ambassador-at-large
839:. 2013. p. 30.
738:Acquah-Dadzie, Kofi
90:Letters of credence
1554:Letter of credence
1516:Diplomatic uniform
1511:Diplomatic service
1491:Diplomatic illness
1486:Diplomatic history
1239:Diplomatic mission
1156:Diplomatic courier
1136:Trade commissioner
999:Bilateral-national
576:British Blue Books
522:
478:
406:and that from the
385:
265:
164:. You can help by
122:lettres de créance
118:letter of credence
114:
96:Letter of credence
48:
1677:Letters (message)
1649:
1648:
1559:Letter of protest
1527:Persona non grata
1461:Consular immunity
1259:Exclusive mandate
1192:
1191:
1144:
1143:
1109:Chargé de mission
1060:Bilateral-insular
1024:Chargé d'affaires
1011:High commissioner
890:978-1-4832-5699-3
580:German White Book
305:third person note
293:letter of protest
182:
181:
145:Letters of recall
16:(Redirected from
1684:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1476:Diplomatic cable
1254:Protecting power
1227:Diplomatic corps
1168:Foreign minister
1161:King's Messenger
1126:Military attaché
1121:Cultural attaché
963:
962:
954:
953:
932:
925:
918:
909:
908:
903:
902:
872:
866:
865:
847:
841:
840:
834:
824:
818:
817:
797:
791:
790:
770:
764:
763:
747:
734:
728:
727:
714:
708:
707:, 2003), p. 246.
692:
686:
676:
667:
658:
647:
646:
628:
536:, Latin being a
401:Thomas Jefferson
345:composed by the
286:
281:
249:Caroline Kennedy
187:
177:
174:
156:
149:
21:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1613:
1575:Development aid
1563:
1537:
1506:Diplomatic rank
1439:
1263:
1244:High commission
1188:
1184:Diplomatic rank
1172:
1140:
1131:Science attaché
1088:
1055:
1039:
1030:Head of mission
994:
958:
945:
936:
906:
891:
873:
869:
862:
848:
844:
832:
826:
825:
821:
814:
798:
794:
787:
771:
767:
760:
735:
731:
720:
716:
715:
711:
695:Pierre Chaplais
693:
689:
679:Lassa Oppenheim
677:
670:
660:Joanne Foakes,
659:
650:
643:
629:
608:
604:
592:
568:
559:
538:common language
530:
510:
474:Aristide Briand
466:
458:Main articles:
456:
438:Bouts de papier
430:
427:Bouts de papier
397:
373:
371:Collective note
355:
291:(also called a
279:
272:
242:
213:pleins pouvoirs
201:
195:
185:
178:
172:
169:
162:needs expansion
147:
98:
92:
60:
36:Abraham Lincoln
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1667:Business terms
1664:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Diplomatic law
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Diplomatic bag
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1209:Consular corps
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1177:Classification
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1093:By portfolio (
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
981:
980:
978:United Nations
969:
967:
960:
951:
947:
946:
935:
934:
927:
920:
912:
905:
904:
889:
877:"Colour books"
867:
861:978-0415497640
860:
842:
819:
812:
792:
786:978-1137017611
785:
773:Lloyd (2012).
765:
758:
729:
709:
687:
668:
648:
642:978-0199693559
641:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
588:
574:, such as the
567:
564:
558:
555:
529:
526:
509:
506:
488:bout de papier
455:
446:
434:bout de papier
429:
424:
396:
393:
372:
369:
354:
351:
343:Notes verbales
328:Notes verbales
309:Notes verbales
271:
266:
241:
238:
230:; its purpose
228:plena potestas
217:letters patent
200:
197:
180:
179:
159:
157:
146:
143:
94:Main article:
91:
88:
64:heads of state
59:
56:
40:Queen Victoria
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Paradiplomacy
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Full-spectrum
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1084:Agent-general
1082:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
986:
983:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:
961:
959:leader titles
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
910:
900:
896:
892:
886:
882:
878:
871:
863:
857:
853:
846:
838:
831:
830:
823:
815:
809:
805:
804:
796:
788:
782:
778:
777:
769:
761:
755:
751:
746:
745:
739:
733:
725:
721:
713:
706:
702:
701:
696:
691:
684:
680:
675:
673:
665:
664:
657:
655:
653:
644:
638:
634:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
606:
597:
594:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
563:
554:
552:
548:
544:
539:
535:
525:
519:
514:
505:
502:
501:
496:
493:Similar to a
491:
489:
485:
484:
475:
470:
465:
461:
454:
453:aides-mémoire
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:United States
405:
402:
392:
390:
382:
377:
367:
362:
360:
350:
348:
344:
339:
335:
334:, typically:
333:
329:
324:
320:
319:, typically:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
277:
270:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
231:
229:
225:
222:According to
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
196:
193:
189:
176:
167:
163:
160:This section
158:
155:
151:
150:
142:
140:
135:
131:
127:
126:head of state
123:
119:
111:
110:Quentin Bryce
107:
102:
97:
87:
85:
81:
77:
71:
69:
65:
55:
52:
45:
44:Prince Albert
41:
37:
32:
19:
1639:
1627:
1568:Other topics
1525:
1435:Wolf warrior
1219:
1113:
1022:
966:Multilateral
880:
870:
851:
845:
828:
822:
802:
795:
779:. Springer.
775:
768:
743:
732:
723:
712:
698:
690:
682:
661:
632:
569:
560:
531:
523:
500:aide-mémoire
498:
494:
492:
487:
481:
479:
464:aide-mémoire
452:
448:
437:
433:
431:
426:
416:Soviet Union
398:
395:Identic note
389:third person
386:
364:
356:
342:
341:
337:
327:
326:
322:
308:
304:
301:note verbale
300:
297:aide-mémoire
292:
288:
276:note verbale
275:
273:
269:Note verbale
268:
233:
227:
223:
221:
212:
202:
194:
190:
183:
170:
166:adding to it
161:
129:
121:
117:
115:
72:
61:
50:
49:
18:Note verbale
1451:Appeasement
1149:Other roles
584:World War I
572:color books
566:Publication
332:valediction
235:negotiator.
209:full powers
199:Full powers
130:credentials
1656:Categories
1533:Soft power
1405:Preventive
1395:Pilgrimage
1290:Commercial
1006:Ambassador
957:Diplomatic
813:0792300831
759:0865164231
724:unn.com.ua
602:References
551:Weanarisch
317:salutation
255:, departs
173:April 2023
1549:Exequatur
1542:Documents
1400:Ping-pong
1370:Migration
1345:Guerrilla
1335:Freelance
1310:Debt-trap
1280:Checkbook
1214:Consulate
943:diplomats
939:Diplomacy
899:769268852
596:Exequatur
557:Rejection
449:Démarches
134:sovereign
106:Australia
1628:Category
1580:Agencies
1521:Protocol
1430:Track II
1325:Economic
1300:Culinary
1295:Cultural
1285:Coercive
1249:Legation
1220:De facto
1067:Resident
740:(1999).
590:See also
528:Language
508:Protocol
495:démarche
483:démarche
460:démarche
414:and the
366:Ukraine.
263:in 2013.
112:in 2013.
84:republic
1640:Commons
1425:Stadium
1420:Shuttle
1415:Science
1365:Medical
1355:Hostage
1350:Gunboat
1315:Digital
1305:Defence
1222:embassy
1197:Offices
1095:Attaché
353:Example
307:(TPN).
261:Akihito
58:Letters
1592:Summit
1444:Topics
1410:Public
1390:Parley
1330:Energy
1320:Dollar
1275:Caviar
1051:Consul
1016:Nuncio
897:
887:
858:
810:
783:
756:
639:
313:sealed
251:, the
215:) "in
205:treaty
1380:Panda
1268:Types
1079:Envoy
950:Roles
833:(PDF)
534:Latin
497:, an
412:China
240:Notes
1360:Iron
941:and
895:OCLC
885:ISBN
856:ISBN
808:ISBN
781:ISBN
754:ISBN
637:ISBN
462:and
451:and
299:. A
289:note
1375:New
750:273
410:to
168:.
38:to
1658::
893:.
835:.
752:.
722:.
697:,
681:,
671:^
651:^
609:^
480:A
432:A
422:.
361::
274:A
116:A
1097:)
931:e
924:t
917:v
901:.
864:.
816:.
789:.
762:.
703:(
645:.
476:.
278:(
211:(
175:)
171:(
120:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
.jpg)