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20:
272:. On January 22, 1920, by decree of Nikolai Yudenich, the Northwestern Army ceased to exist, the Army's funds were distributed as the final salary and its remaining property was requisitioned by the government. In total around 17 thousand died after internment, and survivors were mostly denied to permanently stay in Estonia and fled further to Central and Western Europe. Yudenich went into exile in France, where he died near Nice on October 5, 1933.
64:
148:, approached Luga, Ropcha and Gatchina, threatening Petrograd. But the Bolsheviks mobilized their reserves and aligned 40,000 men against the Northwestern Army supported by two Estonian divisions. On August 1, the Bolsheviks launched a counter-attack and drove back the Estonian troops, who were reluctant to fight outside their country. On August 5, Yamburg fell and Pskov was recaptured by the Reds on August 28.
267:
county had been improved and the food was provided to them at the expense of
American charity organizations. For the needs of medical treatment eleven Russian hospitals all across Estonia were established by the Estonian Army using the facilities of the Northwestern Army, and six more by the Estonian
223:
death toll in Narva is estimated at 4000. Some time thereafter trains were allowed to pass to
Estonia proper, where 15,000 soldiers and officers of the Northwestern Army were disarmed, and 5,000 of them were interned in camps, partly on the open air. Around the same number of the former soldiers were
214:
Once the retreating North-Western Army, the Red prisoners of war and the refugees fleeing the Reds in total of about 40-50 thousand approached Narva, Estonians first refused to allow the train to pass through the bridge over Narova river motivating it with a fear of the typhoid epidemic that hit the
228:
away from the designated working places were subject to deportation to Soviet Russia. The former anti-Bolshevik allies, demobilized
Russian soldiers and officers, were deemed as a "20-thousands large gang" that somehow had to be disposed of. For example, it was also suggested to divert the soldiers
245:
with the tacit consent of the
Estonian authorities, before being released after the intervention of the commander of the English squadron anchored at Tallinn. This misconduct was addressed, yet to no avail, in a letter of protest from the former member of the Russian Provisional government,
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859:
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190:, the passivity of the British fleet, and the Red numerical superiority made it impossible to take Petrograd. After ten days of fierce fighting with the Reds, whose numbers had risen to 60,000, the North-West Army was pushed back by the
224:
under supervision employed in logging in the nearby forests, shale mines and in agricultural field works, as the government of
Estonia claimed it could not feed such number of people for free. Those who were caught more than 2
219:, reported of numerous deaths from the cold and starvation in one single night, mostly women and children. Others recall hundreds dead bodies transported in the lorries and buried in the open graves in the suburbs of Narva.
215:
army. Its personnel was ordered to stay in cold carriages in
Ivangorod (then Eastern part of Narva) on a narrow landstrip between the river and the newly-agreed Russian-Estonian border. An eyewitness of these events, writer
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from
November 2, 1919 and retreated fighting into Estonia in the Narva region East of Narova river. The last and unsuccessful attempt of the Reds to capture Narva from the Whites was undertaken on 17 December 1919.
955:
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102:, accepted to take the White force into its territory and supply it, in exchange for passing under its control, and this despite the ideological difference between the independence fighters of Tallinn and the
140:
The White administration of the newly conquered territories was disastrous, as
Rodzianko's subordinates unleashed a wave of terror against suspected Bolsheviks and against the Jewish population in general.
1038:
1031:
1199:
714:
211:(Yuriev) Peace Treaty. Its Article 7 provisioned that the parties cease to support the forces hostile to each other, and undertake to disarm and neutralize these on their own territory.
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233:(Chudskoye) since "...should Typhus spread there, it will not be that painful to see the number of Russians there to diminish". According to the accounts of an officer Kuzmin, his
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91:. A quarter of them were officers of the former Tsarist army, and the rest was made up of local recruits, escaped Petrograd officers and prisoners of war released by the Germans.
796:
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and advanced units engaged the enemy in skirmishes as far as the
Ijorski factories. But the lack of forces and means, Estonia's lack of support, the disobedience of
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1026:
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On
October 12, 1919, the Northwestern Army, some 18,500 men strong against 25,000 on the Red side, forced the frontline at Yamburg and seized on October 16
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During April–December 1919 the Soviet Russian government and their Estonian counterpart were involved in the peace talks that ended with 1920
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129:, the Estonians and the Northern Corps were able to stop the advance of the Bolsheviks and to launch a counteroffensive in which they took
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river where it was shot by the Reds. General Yudenich accused of an attempt to escape with the Army's funds was arrested by men of
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410:
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617:"Русские больницы, образованные в марте 1920 Военно-санитарным управлением эстонской армии — Russian Estonia"
577:"Сайт историка С.В. Волкова — Библиография (2) - Книги мемуарной серии "Белое движение", Том X - Оглавление"
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gen. Gough who promised to arrange for Estonian and British military assistance in advance on Petrograd,
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had to retreat abruptly into Estonia at the end of November 1918. The Estonian Government, faced with a
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fell into the hands of the White troops, who were now at the gates of Petrograd. They captured the
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601:"Положение русских беженцев в Эстляндии (situation with the Russian refugees in Esthonia)".
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reported on 30 November 1919, the living conditions of about 4000 refugees then residing in
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449:
115:
668:"Архив официальной газеты Северо-Западной Белой Армии стал доступен в интернете (Эстония)"
71:
The origin of the Northwest Army was the plan to create an army by a group of reactionary
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83:. By October 10, 1918, a force of some 6,000 troops was created in the city of
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formed a Government of Northwestern Region of Russia encompassing Petrograd,
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The allied intervention in Russia, 1918-1920 : the diplomacy of chaos
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and Pskov governorates that officially recognised Estonian independence.
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The military supplies promised by the Germans didn't materialize and the
876:
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Military units and formations of White Russia (Russian Civil War)
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354:"ETIS - Rets.: Reigo Rosenthal, Loodearmee, Tallinn: Argo, 2006"
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officers in the summer of 1918, in the territory controlled by
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480:"Портал русской общины Эстонии - Памяти Северо-Западной армии"
331:" of the Northwestern Army was digitized by the enthusiasts.
225:
208:
130:
84:
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405:. Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. pp. 242–244.
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Gen. Yudenich of North-Western Army and the staff members
553:"76. Трагедия Северо-Западной Армии. Белогвардейщина"
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144:In June, the Northern Corps, now renamed the
23:Emblem and arm patch of the Northwestern Army
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433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
229:to the large Russian villages on the lake
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1039:Separate Mongolian-Buryat Cavalry Brigade
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79:and with German support to confront the
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18:
237:was disarmed and then pushed back into
16:White army during the Russian Civil War
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643:The Russian Revolution: A New History
465:Фон Зауэр. "Наступление на Петроград"
178:, the left flank of the Army entered
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348:
346:
344:
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378:"Estonica.org - North-Western Army"
257:However, as the Estonian newspaper
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327:In 2016 in Estonia the newspaper "
14:
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821:Army Group Kiev of General Bredov
688:
603:Приневский край (PRINEVSKIY KRAY)
451:Купол святого Исаакия Далматского
341:
605:. No. 23. December 7, 1923.
527:Ashikhmin, Eugene (2000-02-02).
401:Moffat, Ian C. D. (2015-02-26).
1174:Turkestan Military Organization
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633:
609:
594:
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504:"ГОЛГОФА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ АРМИИ"
125:counterrevolutionary forces of
838:Novorossiysk Region Army Group
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1:
640:McMeekin, Sean (2017-05-30).
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1148:Armed Forces of South Russia
761:Armed Forces of South Russia
316:Peter Vladimir von Glasenapp
41:Saint Petersburg Governorate
7:
1099:West Russian Volunteer Army
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188:West Russian Volunteer Army
10:
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978:4th Eastern Siberian Corps
448:Kuprin, Alexander (1927).
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106:. Under pressure from the
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35:Army that operated in the
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1007:Orenburg Independent Army
968:2nd Steppe Siberian Corps
963:1st Middle Siberian Corps
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850:Kharkov Region Army Group
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737:
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318:(28.11.1919 — 22.01.1920)
312:(02.10.1919 — 28.11.1919)
306:(19.06.1919 — 02.10.1919)
1044:Asiatic Cavalry Division
951:3rd Army (Siberian Army)
939:2nd Army (Siberian Army)
927:1st Army (Siberian Army)
1179:Peasant Army of Fergana
997:People's Army of Komuch
897:Ukrainian Galician Army
203:Internment and collapse
87:, which was called the
1074:White Latvian Riflemen
826:Kiev Region Army Group
557:history.wikireading.ru
287:15,000 (November 1919)
104:Russian White Movement
68:
24:
1131:Arctic Ocean Flotilla
899:(since November 1919)
284:18,500 (October 1919)
184:Pavel Bermondt-Avalov
66:
22:
1083:North-Western Front
1059:5th Polish Division
1049:Czechoslovak Legion
1027:Holy Cross Druzhina
855:North Caucasus Army
304:Alexander Rodzyanko
300:(1918 - 19.06.1919)
158:Battle of Petrograd
112:Nikolai N. Yudenich
55:from 1919 to 1920.
1094:North-Western Army
983:5th Pri-Amur Corps
729:and fleets of the
529:"Molodezh Estonii"
298:Anton Dzerozhinsky
281:17,500 (July 1919)
152:Petrograd Campaign
121:Together with the
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25:
1205:Russian Civil War
1187:
1186:
1169:
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1104:Chudskoe Flotilla
992:
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872:Crimean–Azov Army
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731:Russian Civil War
621:russianestonia.eu
260:Sotsial-demokraat
252:Winston Churchill
243:Bułak-Bałachowicz
235:Talabsky regiment
146:Northwestern Army
100:Bolshevik advance
53:Russian Civil War
37:Pskov Governorate
29:Northwestern Army
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1161:Caspian Flotilla
1144:
1143:
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1035:
1017:Far Eastern Army
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887:Caspian Flotilla
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310:Nikolai Yudenich
170:. On October 20
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646:. Basic Books.
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137:in May 1919.
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1069:Baikal Fleet
1054:Russian Army
1022:Zemskaya Rat
1002:Western Army
742:Russian Army
675:. Retrieved
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624:. Retrieved
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584:. Retrieved
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533:www.moles.ee
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511:. Retrieved
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942: [
930: [
858: [
841: [
829: [
795: [
581:swolkov.org
358:www.etis.ee
51:during the
1194:Categories
877:Kuban Army
677:2019-01-10
626:2019-01-10
586:21 January
562:2019-01-10
538:2019-01-10
513:2019-01-10
489:2019-01-10
484:baltija.eu
387:2019-01-10
363:2019-01-10
335:References
292:Commanders
127:Mannerheim
81:Bolsheviks
1012:Ural Army
672:ИА REGNUM
429:cite book
421:909398151
270:Red Cross
265:Wesenberg
73:Petrograd
809:Don Army
276:Strength
186:and his
168:Gatchina
116:Novgorod
248:Guchkov
135:Yamburg
123:Finnish
108:British
77:Germany
59:History
45:Estonia
727:armies
650:
419:
409:
323:Memory
239:Narova
231:Peipus
226:versts
221:Typhus
180:Ligovo
49:Latvia
31:was a
1111:]
1034:]
958:]
946:]
934:]
862:]
845:]
833:]
814:Units
799:]
724:White
250:, to
209:Tartu
131:Pskov
85:Pskov
33:White
648:ISBN
588:2019
435:link
417:OCLC
407:ISBN
194:and
166:and
164:Luga
133:and
47:and
27:The
192:7th
1196::
1109:ru
1032:ru
956:ru
944:ru
932:ru
860:ru
843:ru
831:ru
797:ru
670:.
619:.
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555:.
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506:.
482:.
471:^
431:}}
427:{{
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343:^
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656:.
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565:.
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516:.
492:.
454:.
437:)
423:.
390:.
366:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
