1679:"Until the 1960s, Lunxhëri was mainly inhabited by Albanian-speaking Orthodox Christians called the Lunxhots. By then, and starting during and just after the Second World War, many of them had left their villages to settle in Gjirokastër and in the towns of central Albania, where living conditions and employment opportunities were considered better. They were replaced, from the end of the 1950s on, by Vlachs, forced by the regime to settle in agricultural cooperatives. Some Muslim families from Kurvelesh, in the mountainous area of Labëria, also came to Lunxhëri at the same time – in fact, many of them were employed as shepherds in the villages of Lunxhëri even before the Second World War. While Lunxhëri practiced (as did many other regions) a high level of (territorial) endogamy, marriage alliances started to occur between Christians Lunxhots and members of the Greek minority of the districts of Gjirokastër (Dropull, Pogon) and Sarandë. Such alliances were both encouraged by the regime and used by people to facilitate internal mobility and obtain a better status and life-chances." "The issue of a couple of new villages created during communism illustrates this case. The village of Asim Zenel, named after a partisan from Kurvelesh who was killed in July 1943, was created as the centre of an agricultural cooperative in 1947 on the road leading from Lunxhëri to Dropull. The people who were settled in the new village were mainly shepherds from Kurvelesh, and were Muslims. The same thing happened for the village of Arshi Llongo, while other Muslims from Kurvelesh settled in the villages of lower Lunxhëri (Karjan, Shën Todër, Valare) and in Suhë. As a result, it is not exceptional to hear today from the Lunxhots, such as one of my informants, a retired engineer living in Tirana, that 'in 1945 a Muslim buffer-zone was created between Dropull and Lunxhëri to stop the Hellenisation of Lunxhëri. Muslims were thought to be more determined against Greeks. At that time, the danger of Hellenisation was real in Lunxhëri'. In the village of Këllëz people also regret that 'Lunxhëri has been surrounded by a Muslim buffer-zone by Enver Hoxha, who was himself a Muslim'." "By the end of the nineteenth century, however, during the period of the kurbet, the Lunxhots were moving between two extreme positions regarding ethnic and national affiliation. On the one hand, there were those who joined the Albanian national movement, especially in Istanbul, and made attempts to spread a feeling of Albanian belonging in Lunxhëri. The well-known Koto Hoxhi (1825-1895) and Pandeli Sotiri (1843-1891), who participated in the opening of the first Albanian school in Korçë in 1887, were both from Lunxhëri (from the villages of Qestorat and Selckë). On the other hand were those who insisted on the Greekness of the Lunxhots and were opposed to the development of an Albanian national identity among the Christians."
1773:"Another factor contributing to the lower rate of increase in the Greek minority is the internal movement of the ethnic Greeks. The women who marry non-Greeks outside the minority areas often give up their Greek nationality. The same thing can be said about the ethnic Greeks, especially those with university training, who would be employed outside their villages. In particular, those working in large cities like Tirana very often would not declare their Greek nationality."; "As can be seen from Table I, the preponderant number of Greek nationals, 57,602, live in southern Albania, south of the Shkumbin River. Only 1,156 ethnic Greeks reside outside of this region, principally in the cities of Tirana, Durres and Elbasan. Thus, in southern Albania, with an area of 13,000 square kilometers and a population of 1,377,810, the Greek minority makes up 4.18 percent of the overall population. But the highest concentration of the Greek minority is located in an area of I ,000 square kilometers in the enclaves of Pogon, Dropull and Vurg, specifically, the townships of Lower Dropull, Upper Dropull and Pogon, in the district of Gjirokastra; the townships of Vergo, Finiq, Aliko, Mesopotam and the city of Delvina in the district of Delvina; and the townships of Livadhja, Dhiver and the city of Saranda, in the district of Saranda. This concentration has a total population of 53,986 ethnic Greeks. In turn, these enclaves are within the districts of Gjirokastra, Delvina and Saranda, with an area of 2,234 square kilometers which contains a total of 56,452 ethnic Greeks, or 36.6 percent of the general population of 154,141 in the region."
1670:"Ήδη από τις αρχές του σχολικού έτους 1925-26 ξεκίνησαν οι προσπάθειες για το άνοιγμα ενός σχολείου στους Άγιους Σαράντα, τους οποίους μάλιστα οι ελληνικές αρχές, σε αντίθεση με τις αλβανικές, δεν συγκατέλεγαν μεταξύ των 'αλβανόφωνων κοινοτήτων', καθώς ο ελληνικός χαρακτήρας της πόλης ήταν πασιφανής. Σε ό,τι αφορούσε το ελληνικό σχολείο της πόλης, η Επιτροπή επί των Εκπαιδευτικών σχεδίαζε να το οργανώσει σε διδασκαλείο, τοποθετώντας σε αυτό υψηλού επιπέδου και ικανό διδασκαλικό προσωπικό, ώστε να αποτελέσει σημαντικό πόλο έλξης για τα παιδιά της περιοχής, αλλά και παράδειγμα οργάνωσης και λειτουργίας σχολείου και για τις μικρότερες κοινότητες. Τις μεγαλύτερες ελπίδες για την επιτυχία των προσπαθειών της φαίνεται ότι στήριζε η Επιτροπή στην επιμονή του ελληνικού στοιχείου της πόλης, στην πλειοψηφία τους ευκατάστατοι έμποροι που θα ήταν διατεθειμένοι να προσφέρουν ακόμη και το κτίριο για τη λειτουργία του, αλλά και στην παρουσία και τη δραστηριοποίηση εκεί του ελληνικού υποπροξενείου 58 . Όλες οι προσπάθειες ωστόσο αποδείχθηκαν μάταιες και ελληνικό κοινοτικό σχολείο δεν λειτούργησε στην πόλη όχι μόνο το σχολικό έτος 1925-26, αλλά ούτε και τα επόμενα χρόνια."
1640:"Southern Albania, and particularly the Prefecture of Gjirokastër, was a sensitive region from this point of view, since the most wide—spread educational network there at the end of the Ottoman rule was that of the 'Greek schools', serving the Orthodox Christian population. Since the Albanian government recognised the rights of minorities as a member of the League of Nations in October 1921, these Greek schools were legalized, but only in Greek-speaking villages, and could continue to function or reopen (those that had been closed during the Italian occupation of 1916-1920). From the point of view of the state, the existence of Greek schools (of varied status and with private or publicly financed teachers)' represented a problem for the integration of the 'Greek-speaking minority' and more generally for the integration of the Orthodox Christians. They were the only non-Albanian schools remaining in the region after Albanian state schools (henceforth for Muslims and Christians alike) had replaced the 'Ottoman schools' in Muslim villages and the 'Greek schools' in Christian villages, while Aromanian (Kostelanik 1996) and Italian schools had been closed."
1794:"In contrast, Albanian governments use a much lower figure of 58,000 which rests on the unrevised definition of "minority" adopted during the communist period. Under this definition, minority status was limited to those who lived in 99 villages in the southern border areas, thereby excluding important concentrations of Greek settlement in Vlora (perhaps 8000 people in 1994) and in adjoining areas along the coast, ancestral Greek towns such as Himara, and ethnic Greeks living elsewhere throughout the country. Mixed villages outside this designated zone, even those with a clear majority of ethnic Greeks, were not considered minority areas and therefore were denied any Greek-language cultural or educational provisions. In addition, many Greeks were forcibly removed from the minority zones to other parts of the country as a product of communist population policy, an important and constant element of which was to pre-empt ethnic sources of political dissent. Greek place-names were changed to Albanian names, while use of the Greek language, prohibited everywhere outside the minority zones, was prohibited for many official purposes within them as well."
1718:"...the area studied was confined to the southern border fringes, and there is good reason to believe that this estimate was very low"."Under this definition, minority status was limited to those who lived in 99 villages in the southern border areas, thereby excluding important concentrations of Greek settlement in Vlorë (perhaps 8000 people in 1994) and in adjoining areas along the coast, ancestral Greek towns such as Himara, and ethnic Greeks living elsewhere throughout the country. Mixed villages outside this designated zone, even those with a clear majority of ethnic Greeks, were not considered minority areas and therefore were denied any Greek-language cultural or educational provisions. In addition, many Greeks were forcibly removed from the minority zones to other parts of the country as a product of communist population policy, an important and constant element of which was to pre-empt ethnic sources of political dissent. Greek place-names were changed to Albanian names, while use of the Greek language, prohibited everywhere outside the minority zones, was prohibited for many official purposes within them as well."
1688:"During the mid-war period and the period between WWII and the foundation of the communist regime in Albania, there is a wave of relocations of Greek and Albanian Christians from South Albania to Greek Epirus, who have become known as "Vorioepirotes", meaning Greeks who come from the part of Epirus that was yielded to Albania and is since called by Greeks "Northern Epirus". The "Vorioepirotes" of Albanian origin have to a large extent formed Greek consciousness and identity and this is why they choose to come to Greece, where they are dealt with just like the rest. On the contrary, only Muslims who have developed Albanian national consciousness or who cannot identify with either Greeks or Turks leave Greece for Albania, which they choose due to ethnic, language and religious affinity. Let's note that the flight of the Vorioepirotes" of both Greek and Albanian origin persists in the form of escape during the communist regime, despite the Draconian security measures on the border, though to a much lesser degree."
1652:"Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στο προστατευτικό νομικό πλαίσιο της μειονότητας συμπεριλήφθηκαν μόνο οι Έλληνες που κατοικούσαν στις περιφέρειες Αργυροκάστρου και Αγίων Σαράντα και σε τρία από τα χωριά της Χιμάρας (Χιμάρα, ∆ρυμάδες και Παλάσσα), ενώ αποκλείστηκαν αυθαίρετα όσοι κατοικούσαν στην περιοχή της Κορυτσάς και στα υπόλοιπα τέσσερα χωριά της Χιμάρας Βούνο, Πήλιουρι, Κηπαρό και Κούδεσι, αλλά και όσοι κατοικούσαν στα μεγάλα αστικά κέντρα της 'μειονοτικής ζώνης', δηλαδή στο Αργυρόκαστρο, τους Άγιους Σαράντα και την Πρεμετή, πόλεις με μικτό βέβαια πληθυσμό αλλά εμφανή τον ελληνικό τους χαρακτήρα την εποχή εκείνη. Αυτό πρακτικά σήμαινε ότι για ένα μεγάλο τμήμα του ελληνικού στοιχείου της Αλβανίας δεν αναγνωρίζονταν ούτε τα στοιχειώδη εκείνα δικαιώματα που προέβλεπαν οι διεθνείς συνθήκες, ούτε βέβαια το δικαίωμα της εκπαίδευσης στη μητρική γλώσσα, που κυρίως μας ενδιαφέρει εδώ."
1741:"According to the latest census in the area, the Greek-speaking population is larger but not necessarily continuous and concentrated. The exclusively Greek-speaking villages, apart from Himarë, are Queparo Siperme, Dhërmi and Palasë. The rest are inhabited by Albanian-speaking Orthodox Christians (Kallivretakis 1995:25-58)."; "The Greek minority of Albania is found in the southern part of the country and it mostly constitutes a compact group of people. Apart from the cities (Gjirokastër, Sarandë), whose population is mixed, the villages of these two areas, which are officially recognized as minority areas, are in the vast majority of their population Greek and their historical presence in this geographical space, has led to an identification of the group with this place."
8098:
4713:, p. 73: "The new Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr. Papoulias (), visited Tirana in mid-October . For its part, the Albanian government admitted for the first time that the Greek minority existed not only in the designated minority areas, but all over the country. On 10 April 1994, Albania announced that unknown individuals had attacked a military camp at Peshkepi (close to the border with Greece) and killed two soldiers. The responsibility for the attack was claimed by an organisation called MAVI (Front for the Liberation of Northern Epirus), which officially had ceased to exist since the end of World War II. This episode triggered the second and most serious crisis in relations between the two states in the 1990s ()."
853:
1753:"But in spite of the efforts of Greek schools and churches near Vlorë, Berat and Korçë, Greek speech only really exists today in the extreme south-west of Albania near Butrint and along the border as far as Kakavia, in three villages along the coast near Himarë, and in the Drinos valley near Gjirokastër. Even in these areas there are pockets of Albania speech, and almost all Greek-speakers are bilingual. Emigration to Greece has in the past ten years both emptied certain villages and increased the number of Greek-speakers. Pro-Greek feelings may have existed at other opportune times among people who spoke Albanian at home, but were Orthodox in religion and spoke Greek in commercial dealing or at church."
732:
Albanian government recognised minority rights and legalised Greek schools only in Greek speaking settlements located within the "recognised minority zone". Within the rest of the country, Greek schools were either closed or forcibly converted to
Albanian schools and teachers were expelled from the country. During the mid-1920s, attempts at opening Greek schools and teacher training colleges in urban areas with sizable Greek populations were met with difficulties which resulted in an absence of urban Greek schools in coming years. With the intervention of the League of Nations in 1935, a limited number of schools, and only of those inside the officially recognized zone, were reopened. The
877:- and didn't apply as individual rights outside the minority zones. Further issues about their application involved local politics which concerned the participation of specific communities in Communist units during WWII. After the regime's end in 1990–91, the application of this system for the Greek minority has been described by sharply diverging narratives. Greeks in Albania, unlike minorities in other countries of the Balkans like Slav-Macedonians in Greece during this era, were a formally recognized minority which had the right to education in Greek as well as the right to publish and broadcast in Greek. Nevertheless, the use of Greek outside the minority zones, for example in
1279:) with 23,000 students. In this period, Romanian schools for the Aromanian population of the general region of Epirus were also present, though after the split of the region between Albania and Greece they were progressively closed. Likewise, in Northern Epirus, during the following decades the majority of Greek schools were closed and Greek education was prohibited in most districts. In the post-communist period (after 1991), the reopening of schools was one of the major objectives of the minority. In April 2005 a bilingual Greek-Albanian school in Korçë, and after many years of efforts, a private Greek school was opened in the Himara municipality in spring of 2006.
885:
were outlawed throughout the country, and the existence of an
Orthodox Christian population in Northern Epirus was officially denied. These measures were particularly harsh for the Epirote minority, since their religion was tied to their culture. As part of the atheism campaign the Greek minority was subject to much more comprehensive persecusion, with the closure and demolition of churches, burning of religious books and widespread human rights violations. Approximately 630 Orthodox churches in southern Albania were either closed or re-purposed. In 1975, "foreign" or religious personal and place names were prohibited, and had to change.
1018:
1189:
unanimously decided to boycott the census, since it violates the fundamental right of self-determination. Moreover, the Greek government called its
Albanian counterpart for urgent action, since the right of free self-determination is not being guaranteed under these circumstances. Vasil Bollano, the head of Omonoia declared that: "We, as minority representatives, state that we do not acknowledge this process, nor its product and we are calling our members to refrain from participating in a census that does not serve the solution of current problems, but their worsening".
605:, was unpopular among both Greeks and Albanians, as settlements of the two people existed on both sides of the border: the southern part of Epirus was ceded to Greece, while Northern Epirus, already under the control of the Greek army, was awarded to the newly found Albanian State. However, due to the late emergence and fluidity of Albanian national identity and an absence of religious Albanian institutions, loyalty in Northern Epirus especially amongst the Orthodox to potential Albanian rule headed by (Albanian) Muslim leaders was not guaranteed.
1176:
800:
1548:"This figure seems to fill the huge gap between the figures concerning the Greek minority in Albania given by Albanian sources at about 60,000 and the Greek official statistics of 'Greeks' in Albania of 300–400,000. In the national Greek view, Hellenic cultural heritage is seen as passed on through Byzantine culture to the Greek Orthodox religion today. Religion, as a criterion of classification, automatically places all the Albanian Aromanians, and also those people who call themselves Albanian Orthodox, into the 'Greek minority'."
651:
69:
467:
1583:"The Second Balkan War was of short duration and the Bulgarians were soon forced to the negotiating table. By the Treaty of Bucharest (August 1913) Bulgaria was obliged to accept a highly unfavorable territorial settlement, although she did retain an Aegean outlet at Dedeagatch (now Alexandroupolis in Greece). Greece's sovereignty over Crete was now recognized but her ambition to annex Northern Epirus, with its substantial Greek population, was thwarted by the incorporation of the region into an independent Albania."
1085:
speakers are also located within the wider Korçë region. Due to both forced and voluntary internal migration of Greeks within
Albania during the communist era, some Greek speakers are also located within the wider Përmet and Tepelenë regions. Outside the area defined as Northern Epirus, two coastal Greek speaking villages exist near Vlorë. While due to forced and non-forced internal population movements of Greeks within Albania during the communist era, some Greek speakers are also dispersed within the wider Berat,
633:
1561:, spoke Albanian, Greek and Aromanian (Vlach), was dealt with by the adoption of two different policies by Greek state institutions. The first policy was to take measures to hide the language(s) the population spoke, as we have seen in the case of "Southern Epirus". The second was to put forth the argument that the language used by the population had no relation to their national affiliation. To this effect the state provided striking examples of Albanian speaking individuals (from southern Greece or the
1323:
1207:
959:
642:
293:. People outside the official minority zone received no education in the Greek language, which was prohibited in public. The Hoxha regime also diluted the ethnic demographics of the region by relocating Greeks living there and settling in their stead Albanians from other parts of the country. Relations began to improve in the 1980s with Greece's abandonment of any territorial claims over Northern Epirus and the lifting of the official state of war between the two countries. In the
578:
307:
1058:
constitutes a Greek in
Albania, the total number fluctuates greatly which explains the inconsistent totals provided within Albania and Greece and from external agencies, organisations and sources. Community groups representing Albania's Greeks in Greece have given a 286,000 sum. Furthermore, the Migration Policy Institute has noted that 189,000 Albanian immigrants of Greek ancestry live in Greece as 'co-ethnics', a title reserved for Albania's Greek community members.
909:
the Greeks in
Albania live". As Albania became more dependent on trade relations with Greece the situation of the ethnic Greek population gradually improved, but nevertheless discriminatory practices existed at the time of the collapse of the People's Republic of Albania (1990). During the years of the communist regime, irredentist aspirations by the pro-Greek parties of southern Albania was nonexistent, but re-emerged after the regime's collapse in 1991.
1247:
1062:
minority seem smaller than it is. Sources from the Greek minority have claimed that there are up to 400,000 Greeks in
Albania, or 12% of the total population at the time (from the "Epirot lobby" of Greeks with family roots in Albania). According to Ian Jeffries in 1993, most western estimates of the minority's size put it at around 200,000, or ~6% of the population, though a large number, possibly two thirds, has migrated to Greece in recent years.
728:(October 1921), made the commitment to respect the social, educational, religious rights of every minority. Questions arose over the size of the Greek minority, with the Albanian government claiming 16,000, and the League of Nations estimating it at 35,000-40,000. In the event, only a limited area in the Districts of Gjirokastër, Sarandë and four villages in Himarë region consisting of 15,000 inhabitants was recognized as a Greek minority zone.
1010:
889:
created new villages with
Albanian settlers, or else settled Albanian families in villages that had previously been entirely Greek. In the mixed villages, the minority rights of the Greek inhabitants were curtailed. The settlers were frequently military or administrative personnel and their families, and acted as enforcers of regime policies. Examples of these policies was the settling of 300 Albanian families in the Greek-inhabited town of
1117:
1727:"Greek co ethnics who are Albanian citizens (Voreioepirotes) hold Special Identity Cards for Omogeneis (co-ethnics) (EDTO) issued by the Greek police. EDTO holders are not included in the Ministry of Interior data on aliens. After repeated requests, the Ministry of Interior has released data on the actual number of valid EDTO to this date. Their total number is 189,000." Data taken from Greek ministry of Interiors.
1193:
13.96% of the total population in
Albania). On the other hand, Omonoia conducted its own census in order to count the members of the ethnic Greek minority. A total of 286,852 were counted, which equals to ca. 10% of the population of the country. During the time the census was conducted, half of these individuals resided permanently in Greece, but 70% visit their country of origin at least three times a year.
1661:"Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον από ελληνικής πλευράς παρουσίαζαν οι πόλεις του Αργυροκάστρου, των Αγιών Σαράντα καιτης Κορυτσάς, γνωστά κέντρα του ελληνισμού της Αλβανίας, και στη συνέχεια η Πρεμετή και η Χιμάρα. ΘΘα πρέπει ίσως στο σημείο αυτό να θυμίσουμε ότι για του ςΈλληνες των αστικών κέντρων, με εξαίρεση τη χιμάρα, δεν αναγνωρίζοταν το καθεστώς του μειονοτικού ούτε τα δικαιώματα που απέρρεαν από αυτό."
2160:
a
Corinthian colonyh, is considered part of Epirus by some later ancient historians (Strabo 2.5.40, 16.2.43), whereas some others, of equally or even later times, place it within Illyria (Stephanus Byzantius 105.20, 214.9). Nonetheless, one may say with some degree of certainty that from the 4th c. BC onwards the geographic boundaries of Epirus were by and large set as follows: the so called
1706:"This war of words culminated in the arrest by the Albanian authorities in May of six members of the Onomoia, the main Greek minority organization in Albania. At their subsequent trial, five of the six received prison sentences of between six and eight years for treasonable advocacy of the secession of "Northern Epirus" to Greece and the illegal possession of weapons."
614:
1592:"...in Northern Epirus loyalty to an Albania with a variety of Muslim leaders competing in anarchy cannot have been strong. In Macedonia, where Greece managed to hold on to large territorial gains,she faced a Bulgarian minority with its own Church and quite a long-establish nationali identity. The same cannot be said of the Albanians in Northern Epirus."
1565:) who were leading figures in the Greek state. As we will discuss below, under the prevalent ideology in Greece at the time every Orthodox Christian was considered Greek, and conversely after 1913, when the territory which from then onwards was called "Northern Epirus" in Greece was ceded to Albania, every Muslim of that area was considered Albanian."
522:
940:, a figure quoted in the US Department of State Human Rights Report and given to the American authorities by their Greek counterpart. Tensions increased even further when the Albanian government drafted a law requiring the head of the Orthodox Church in Albania be born in Albania, which would force the then head of the church, the Greek
3216:Στις "μειονοτικές ζώνες" δημιουργούνται νέα χωριά με εποίκους ή μικτοποιούνται άλλα που παραδοσιακά κατοικούνται αποκλειστικά από Έλληνες...Στην Χιμάρα... η μετάβαση στον πολικοματισμόο βρίσκει να διαμένουν μόνιμα στην κωμόπολη, τριακόσιες οικογένειες Αλβανών ... δημιουργήθηκε ένας νέος οικισμός 3.000 αλβανοτσάμηδων, η Γκιάστα.
1309:
territory of Albania". The right to education (funded by state institutions) and the right to use a non-Albanian language in local administration are partially defined territorially and require that at least 20% of the population of an area has to belong to a minority community and request the exercise of such rights.
993:
extremists. Tensions resurfaced during local government elections in Himara in 2000, when a number of incidents of hostility towards the Greek minority took place, as well as with the defacing of signposts written in Greek in the country's south by Albanian nationalist elements, and more recently following the
1517:"This area called 'Northern Epirus' by many Greeks, is regarded as geographically, historically, ethnologically and culturally connected with the northern Greek territory of Epirus since antiquity... The term 'Northern Epirus' (which Albania rejects as irredentist) started to be used by Greece around 1913."
712:. In 1917 Greece lost control of the rest of Northern Epirus to Italy, who by then had taken over most of Albania. The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 awarded the area to Greece after World War I, however, political developments such as the outcome of the elections of 1920 in Greece, the Greek defeat in the
569:
dominant view in Greece considers Orthodox Christianity an integral element of the Hellenic heritage, as part of its Byzantine past. Thus, official Greek government policy from c. 1850 to c. 1950, adopted the view that speech was not a decisive factor for the establishment of a Greek national identity.
2159:
The boundaries of Epirus, especially to the north cannot be determined with accuracy nowadays due to their instability throughout ancient times, but also because of the coexistence of the Greek population(s) with non-Greek peoples, notably the Illyrians: note, for instance, that Apollonia, originally
1192:
According to the census, there were 17,622 Greeks in the country's south (counties of Gjirokastër, Vlorë, and Berat) while 24,243 in Albania in general. Apart from these numbers, an additional 17.29% of the population of those counties refused to answer the optional question of ethnicity (compared to
1183:
The census of October 2011 included ethnicity for the first time in post-communist Albania, a long-standing demand of the Greek minority and of international organizations. However, Greek representatives already found this procedure unacceptable due to article 20 of the Census law, which was proposed
1166:
While violent incidents have declined in recent years, the ethnic Greek minority has pursued grievances with the government regarding electoral zones, Greek-language education, and property rights. On the other hand, minority representatives complain of the government's unwillingness to recognize the
1084:
The Greek minority in Albania is located compactly, within the wider Gjirokastër and Sarandë regions and in four settlements within the coastal Himarë area where they form an overall majority population. Greek speaking settlements are also found within Përmet municipality, near the border. Some Greek
1080:
estimate put the Greek minority at 0.9%, which is based on the disputed 2011 census. A 2003 survey conducted by Greek scholars estimate the size of the Greek minority at around 60.000. The US State Department uses a 1.17% figure for Greeks in Albania. In addition an estimated of 189,000 ethnic Greeks
935:
on the charge of high treason, accusing them of secessionist activities and illegal possession of weapons (a sixth member was added later). Sentences of six to eight years were handed down. The accusations, the manner in which the trial was conducted and its outcome were strongly criticized by Greece
922:
were attacked, and inter-ethnic relations throughout Albania worsened. Greek-Albanian tensions escalated in November 1993 when seven Greek schools were forcibly closed by the Albanian police. A purge of ethnic Greeks in the professions in Albania continued in 1994, with particular emphasis in law and
917:
Beginning in 1990, large number of Albanian citizens, including members of the Greek minority, began seeking refuge in Greece. This exodus turned into a flood by 1991, creating a new reality in Greek-Albanian relations. With the fall of communism in 1991, Orthodox churches were reopened and religious
908:
of 1975, to which Greece was a signatory, applied to the Greek-Albanian border. The most significant change occurred on 28 August 1987, when the Greek Cabinet lifted the state of war that had been declared since November 1940. At the same time, Papandreou deplored the "miserable condition under which
1128:
are recognized as juridical persons, like the others. They will enjoy the possessions of property and be free to dispose of it as they please. The ancient rights and hierarchical organization of the said communities shall not be impaired except under agreement between the Albanian Government and the
884:
The Soviet-Yugoslav rapprochement in the early 1960s and the possibility that Greece might annex Northern Epirus were important factors in Albania's rift with the Soviet Union and its move towards China. In 1967, all religious places of worship in the country were closed, all forms of public worship
860:
At the end of World War II, normal relations between Greece and Albania were not restored, and the two countries remained technically in a state of war until 1987. This was largely due to Greece's territorial claims on Northern Epirus and the treatment of the Greek minority. Relations remained tense
731:
The following years, measures were taken to suppress the minority's education. The Albanian state viewed Greek education as a potential threat to its territorial integrity, while most of the teaching staff was considered suspicious and in favour for the Northern Epirus movement. In October 1921, the
343:
rather than a clearly defined geographical term, is largely a political and diplomatic term applied to those areas partly populated by ethnic Greeks that were incorporated into the newly independent Albanian state in 1913. The term "Northern Epirus" was first used in official Greek correspondence in
888:
The regime also relocated Albanian settlers to the Greek minority regions and at the same time forced many Greeks to relocate to northern and central Albania, in what was seen by ethnic Greeks as an attempt to alter the demographic composition of Northern Epirus. In the "minority zones", the regime
811:
and was used to facilitate military operations against Greece the following year. The Italian attack, launched at October 28, 1940 was quickly repelled by the Greek forces. The Greek army, although facing a numerically and technologically superior army, counterattacked and in the next month managed
1061:
However, the area studied was confined to the southern border, and this estimate is considered to be low. Under this definition, minority status was limited to those who lived in 99 villages in the southern border areas, thereby excluding important concentrations of Greek settlement and making the
864:
Enver Hoxha was willing to build a constituency with the Greek minority since 1944, while some minority members had participated in the partisan struggle against the Axis. A policy of tokenism was adopted with a few favoured members of the Greek minority taking prominent positions in the one-party
1308:
After 1991, rights which were exclusive to the minority zone were gradually made non-geographical and applicable throughout Albania. As such, the Law on Protection of National Minorities (2017) explicitly stipulates that linguistic and cultural rights of minorities can be exercised "in the entire
1188:
and accepted by the Albanian government. According to this, there is a $ 1,000 fine for someone who will declare anything other than what was written down on his birth certificate, including certificates from the communist-era where minority status was limited to only 99 villages. Indeed, Omonoia
992:
Although relations between Albania and Greece have greatly improved in recent years, the Greek minority in Albania continues to suffer discrimination particularly regarding education in the Greek language, property rights of the minority, and violent incidents against the minority by nationalist
1304:
and excluded the three villages along the Himara coast. Greeks as an officially recognized national minority held co-equal cultural and political rights within these communities but as these rights were defined on a territorial basis, they were largely absent outside the minority zone. As such,
1237:
The return to Albania of ethnic Greeks that were expelled during the past regime seemed possible after 1991. However, the return of their confiscated properties is even now impossible, due to Albanian's inability to compensate the present owners. Moreover, the full return of the Orthodox Church
568:
According to the Ottoman "Millet" system, religion was a major marker of ethnicity, and thus all Orthodox Christians (Greeks, Aromanians, Orthodox Albanians, Slavs etc.) were classified as "Greeks", while all Muslims (including Muslim Albanians, Greeks, Slavs etc.) were considered "Turks". The
1057:
Most non-Albanian sources have placed the number of ethnic Greeks in Albania, including those who have moved to live in Greece, to be approximately 200,000, while Greek sources claim that there are around 300,000 ethnic Greeks in Albania. As Albanians and Greeks hold different views on what
944:
from his post. In December 1994, however, Greece began to permit limited EU aid to Albania as a gesture of goodwill, while Albania released two of the Omonoia defendants and reduced the sentences of the remaining four. In 1995, the remaining defendants were released on suspended sentences.
703:
Under an October 1914 agreement among the Allies, Greek forces re-entered Northern Epirus and the Italians seized the Vlore region. Greece officially annexed Northern Epirus in March 1916, but was forced to revoke by the Great Powers. During the war the French Army occupied the area around
691:, signed by Albanian and Northern Epirote representatives and approved by the Great Powers. The signing of the Protocol ensured that the region would have its own administration, recognized the rights of the local Greeks and provided self-government under nominal Albanian sovereignty.
2992:
1167:
possible existence of ethnic Greek towns outside communist-era 'minority zones'; to utilize Greek on official documents and on public signs in ethnic Greek areas; to ascertain the size of the ethnic Greek population; and to include more ethnic Greeks in public administration.
843:
resolution demanded the cession of the region to the Greek state, but according to the following post war international peace treaties it remained part of the Albanian state. During this time, some Greeks and Orthodox Albanians managed to flee Albania and resettle in Greece.
1054:, by the Greek side, the Greek minority numbered 120,000, but a CIA report of 1948 put the number at 35,000. The 1989 census under the communist regime cited 58,785 Greeks, while estimations by the Albanian government during the early 1990s raised the number to 80,000.
4412:
514:. From the mid-18th century trade in the region was thriving and a great number of educational facilities and institutions were founded throughout the rural regions and the major urban centers as benefactions by several Epirot entrepreneurs. In Korçë a special
781:(contrary to the Protocol of Corfu), thereby reducing the influence of Greek language in the country's south. According to a 1923 law, priests who were not Albanian speakers, as well as not of Albanian origin, were excluded from this new autocephalous church.
494:. In spite of the Ottoman presence, Christianity prevailed in many areas and became an important reason for preserving the Greek language, which was also the language of trade. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, inhabitants of the region participated in the
694:
However, the agreement was never fully implemented, because when World War I broke out in July, Albania collapsed. Although short-lived, the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus left behind a substantial historical record, such as its own postage stamps.
1291:
on minority populations in Albania, a specific minority zone was established for communities where the majority identified as Greeks in the territory of Albania in 1921. The League of Nations recognized as part of the minority zone 99 settlements in the
334:
in the 6th century BC and is one of the few Greek names from the view of an external observer with a maritime-geographical perspective. Although not originally a native Epirote name, it later came to be adopted by the inhabitants of the area. The term
364:. Some of the cities and towns of the region are: Himarë, Sarandë, Delvinë, Gjirokastër, Korçë, and the once prosperous town of Moscopole. The region defined as Northern Epirus thus stretches further east than classical Epirus, and includes parts of
1628:"Sederholm did add, however, that the Albanian government opposed the teaching of Greek in Albanian schools 'because it fears the influence of the teachers, the majority of whom have openly declared themselves in favour of the Pan—Epirot movement.'"
1105:
regions. In the post-1990 period, like many other minorities elsewhere in Balkans, the Greek population has diminished because of heavy migration. However, after the Greek economic crisis (2009), members of the Greek minority returned to Albania.
832:, in which they formed three separate battalion (named Thanasis Zikos, Pantelis Botsaris, Lefteris Talios). During the latter stages of the war, the Albanian communists were able to stop contact between the minority and the right-wing soldiers of
1526:"χρησιμοποιεί τον όρο «Βόρειος Ήπειρος» ώστε να περιγράψει βόρειες περιοχές του βιλαετίου Ιωαννίνων, κυρίως του σαντζακίου Αργυροκάστρου, στις οποίες εκτεινόταν η δικαιοδοσία του. Είναι από τις πρώτες χρήσεις του όρου σε διπλωματικά έγγραφα.."
297:
relations have continued to improve though tensions remain over the availability of education in the Greek language outside the official minority zone, property rights, and occasional violent incidents targeting members of the Greek minority.
823:
Following Greece's surrender, Northern Epirus again became part of the Italian-occupied Albanian protectorate. Many Northern Epirotes formed resistance groups and organizations in the struggle against the occupation forces. In 1942 the
868:
After WWII, Albania restored the minority zone based on the 1921 League of Nations agreement but without the inclusion of the three Himara villages and education in Greek within the minority zone along with other competencies based on
254:, and the incorporation into the latter of territory that was regarded by many Greeks as geographically, historically, culturally, and ethnologically connected to the Greek region of Epirus since antiquity. In the spring of 1914, the
2989:
1619:"Under King Zog, the Greek villages suffered considerable repression, including the forcible closure of Greek-language schools in 1933–34 and the ordering of Greek Orthodox monasteries to accept mentally sick individuals as inmates."
1069:
estimates the Greek minority at approximately 70,000 people. Other independent sources estimate that the number of Greeks in Northern Epirus is 117,000 (about 3.5% of the total population), a figure close to the estimate provided by
1138:
shall be free. In the schools of the Orthodox communities the instruction shall be in Greek. In the three elementary classes Albanian will be taught concurrently with Greek. Nevertheless, religious education shall be exclusively in
5063:
Konidaris, Gerasimos (2005). "Examining policy responses to immigration in the light of interstate relations and foreign policy objectives: Greece and Albania". In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.).
1821:"Portions of the census dealing with religion and ethnicity have grabbed much of the attention, but entire parts of the census might not have been conducted according to the best international practices, Albanian media reports..."
687:, took the initiative and became the head of the Republic. Fighting broke out in Northern Epirus between Greek irregulars and Muslim Albanians who opposed the Northern Epirot movement. In May, autonomy was confirmed with the
1001:. Tensions rose again following the 2014 administrative and territorial reform in Albania; and again in 2016 and 2017, following the decision of local authorities in Himara to demolish the homes of 19 ethnic Greek families.
5152:
1266:
Greek education in the region was thriving during the late Ottoman period (18th–19th centuries). When the First World War broke out in 1914, 360 Greek language schools were functioning in Northern Epirus (as well as in
4416:
3606:
8008:
Includes localities with a substantial ethnic Greek population, or otherwise with any kind of cultural or other type of significance, historical or current, for the Greek minority in Albania.
936:
as well as international organizations. Greece responded by freezing all EU aid to Albania, sealing its border with Albania, and between August–November 1994, expelling over 115,000 illegal
262:. Greece held the area between 1914 and 1916 and unsuccessfully tried to annex it in March 1916. In 1917 Greek forces were driven from the area by Italy, who took over most of Albania. The
1375:
Illegal dismissals of members of the Greek minority from the country's public sector should be stopped and same rights for admission should be granted (on every level) for every citizen.
1601:"When the Greek army withdrew from Northern Epirot territories in accordance with the ruling of the Powers, a fierce struggle broke out between Muslim Albanians and Greek irregulars."
1305:
education in Greek which was institutionally protected within the minority zone as well as other rights, didn't exist outside this zone and was subject to geographical restrictions.
1610:"In May 1914, the Great Powers signed the Protocol of Corfu, which recognized the area as Greek, after which it was occupied by the Greek army from October 1914 until October 1915."
5171:
1812:"Ethnic Greek minority groups had encouraged their members to boycott the census, affecting measurements of the Greek ethnic minority and membership in the Greek Orthodox Church."
5114:
4224:"Εκπαιδευτική πολιτική σε ζητήματα ελληνόγλωσσης εκπαίδευσης στην Αλβανία: διερεύνηση αναγκών των εκπαιδευτικών και των μαθητών για τη διδασκαλία/εκμάθηση της ελληνικής γλώσσας"
1287:
In 1921–1991, there were minority zones where members of national minorities in Albania could exercise their cultural rights. In accordance with the final settlement in the
1381:
The Albanian government should take the initiative to conduct a census on ethnological basis and give its citizens the right to choose their ethnicity without limitations.
989:
In recent years relations have significantly improved; Greece and Albania signed a Friendship, Cooperation, Good Neighborliness and Security Agreement on March 21, 1996.
1146:
These provisions will not only be applied in that part of the province of Corytza now occupied militarily by Albania, but also in the other southern regions." —From the
2168:
mountain range to the north (modern day S. Albania), the Ambracian Gulf to the south, the Pindus (Pindos) mountain range to the east, and the Ionian Sea to the west...
8785:
1179:
Reported declared Greeks in the 2011 Albanian Census; Greeks and other groups are thought to have been underrepresented in numbers due to boycott and irregularities.
918:
practices were permitted after 35 years of strict prohibition. Moreover, Greek-language education was initially expanded. In 1991 ethnic Greeks shops in the town of
6725:
3705:
3589:
1574:"In February 1913, Greek troops captured Ioannina, the capital of Epirus. The Turks recognised the gains of the Balkan allies by the Treaty of London of May 1913."
1390:
In 1993, the Albanian authorities admitted for the first time that Greek minority members exist not only in the designated 'minority zones' but all over Albania.
1697:"In 1991, Greek shops were attacked in the coastal town of Saranda, home to a large minority population, and inter-ethnic relations throughout Albania worsened".
285:, as the Greek minority was subjected to repressive measures (along with the rest of the country's population). Although a Greek minority was recognized by the
258:
was proclaimed by ethnic Greeks in the territory and recognized by the Albanian government, though it proved short-lived as Albania collapsed with the onset of
2733:
Clayer, Nathalie (2012). "Education and the integration of the Province of Gjirokastër in interwar Albania". In Kera, Gentiana; Enriketa Pandelejmoni (eds.).
1362:
specified that the issue, according to the Greek minority in Albania, focuses on 6 major topics that the post-communist Albanian government should deal with:
1557:"The fact that the Christian communities within the territory which was claimed by Greece from the mid 19th century until the year 1946, known after 1913 as
7528:
1439:
679:
on account of the latter's large Greek population, was declared in March 1914 by the pro-Greek party, which was in power in southern Albania at that time.
274:
from the territory of Albania in 1940 and the successful Greek counterattack, the Greek army briefly held Northern Epirus for a six-month period until the
1378:
The Greek families that left Albania during the communist regime (1945–1991), should be encouraged to return to Albania and acquire their lost properties.
3610:
736:
schools of the pre-World War I period were reduced dramatically in the following years and education in Greek was finally eliminated altogether in 1935:
289:
regime, this recognition only applied to an "official minority zone" consisting of 99 villages, leaving out important areas of Greek settlement, such as
897:
in the vicinity of Saranda. The settlers were awarded land grants, resulting in the permanent alteration of the demographic composition of these areas.
3363:
856:
Approximate extent of the recognized (after 1945) Greek 'minority zone' in green, according to the 1989 Albanian census. Greek majority areas in green.
3632:
803:
Tomb of the unknown soldier, Greek Parliament. Several place names of Northern Epirus, where the Greek army participated, are inscribed on both sides.
506:
in Himara in 1770. It is believed that he founded more than 200 Greek schools until his execution by Turkish authorities near Berat. In addition, the
1535:"Appian's description of the Illyrian territories records a southern boundary with Chaonia and Thesprotia, where ancient Epirus began south of river
5209:
3463:
1300:
areas and 3 villages in Himara (Himarë, Palasë, Dhërmi). After 1945, the minority zone was re-established by the new Albanian government under the
3932:
545:
from Himarë. The latter was one of the most active generals of the revolutionaries and participated in several major armed conflicts, such as the
7446:
5233:
419:). The northern boundary of Epirus was unclear both due to political instability and the coexistence of Greek and non-Greek populations, notably
561:, in the Saranda-Delvina region, with the revolutionaries demanding union with Greece, was suppressed by the Ottoman forces, while in 1881, the
8641:
5380:
1144:
The permission to use both Albanian and Greek shall be assured, before all authorities, including the Courts, as well as the elective councils.
1066:
482:
The local Ottoman authority was mainly exercised by Muslim Albanians. There were specific parts of Epirus that enjoyed local autonomy, such as
4117:
8794:
8778:
3649:
5340:
Triadafilopoulos, Triadafilos (November 2000). "Power politics and nationalist discourse in the struggle for 'Northern Epirus': 1919-1921".
537:(1821–1830): many locals revolted, organized armed groups and joined the revolution. The most distinguished personalities were the engineer
533:(1770) several units of Riziotes, Chormovites and Himariotes supported the armed operation. Some Greeks from the area took also part in the
5466:
1444:
1429:
582:
240:
7359:
3892:
1013:
Regions with a traditional presence of ethnic or linguistic groups other than Albanian (Blue for Greeks) and recognized 'minority zones'.
3559:
1803:"Berat was the seat of a Greek bishopric... and today Vlach- and even Greek-speakers can be found in the town and the villages near by".
997:. There were tensions as international talks on Kosovo's independence got underway in 2007, and there were also incidents following the
931:
Tensions increased when on 20 May 1994 the Albanian Government took into custody five members of the ethnic Greek advocacy organization
716:
and, crucially, Italian, Austrian and German lobbying in favor of Albania resulted in the area being ceded to Albania in November 1921.
270:. During the interwar period, tensions remained high due to the educational issues surrounding the Greek minority in Albania. Following
8596:
5398:
709:
5404:
5121:
4801:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C.
3370:
2087:
The above review suggest that the northern boundaries of Hellenism in Epirus during Classical Antiquity lay in the valley of the Aoos.
1477:"Northern Epirus is the southern part of Albania... The Christian Greeks revolted and formed a provisional and autonomous government."
549:, where Lagoumitzis was the defenders' chief engineer. Spyromilios also became a prominent political figure after the creation of the
4382:
3989:
1153:
The protocol's terms were never fully implemented because of the politically unstable situation in Albania following the outbreak of
1130:
4363:
3510:
3389:
3081:
8771:
1185:
778:
339:
is used both in the Albanian and Greek language, but in Albanian refers only to the historical and not the modern region. The term
4825:
3406:
9239:
6138:
4627:
4036:
Arqile, Berxholli; Protopapa, Sejfi; Prifti, Kristaq (1994). "The Greek minority in the Albanian Republic: A demographic study".
3831:
1050:
hold different and often conflicting estimations, as they have done so for the last 20 years. According to data presented to the
998:
9573:
8894:
8824:
8591:
7431:
3438:
1424:
672:
666:
621:
255:
244:
20:
4554:
235:
in the region. It also has connotations with irredentist political claims on the territory on the grounds that it was held by
8039:
6971:
6941:
6043:
5330:
5193:
5075:
4984:
4929:
4788:
4746:
4299:
4260:
3782:
3657:
3479:
3446:
3324:
3280:
2962:
2935:
2852:
2628:
2367:
2344:
2142:
1991:
1954:
266:
awarded the area to Greece, however the area reverted to Albanian control in November 1921, following Greece's defeat in the
68:
9123:
8763:
6966:
6891:
5683:
5647:
5219:"Better than Muslims, not as good as Greeks. Emigration as experienced and imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhëri"
4570:
3835:
2183:
The relations between the Greeks and the Albanians during the 19th century: political aspirations and visions (1875 - 1897)
5384:
3804:
3772:
3537:
904:. In 1984, during a speech in Epirus, Papandreou declared that the inviolability of European borders as stipulated in the
9144:
8687:
7759:
4881:
2032:
The Relations Between the Greeks and the Albanians during the 19th Century: Political Aspirations and Visions (1875-1897)
1369:
Functioning of Greek language schools (both public and private) in all the areas that Greek populations are concentrated.
3709:
9542:
9040:
8521:
8097:
7132:
1039:, while the latest official census (2011) has been widely disputed due to boycott and irregularities in the procedure.
8855:
8626:
6668:
5262:
5165:
5103:
5005:
4963:
4767:
3681:
3060:
2828:
2717:
2586:
2430:
2414:
2394:
2152:
2080:
1912:
1852:
5424:
8747:
8490:
7493:
5459:
4482:
941:
873:
policies on cultural-linguistic minority issues. These competencies were related to territorial rights - as in the
825:
794:
5413:
5293:
4677:
29 May 2008. Council of Europe: Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
4674:
4094:
3732:
3429:
852:
9276:
8724:
8692:
7352:
7217:
7072:
6321:
6128:
5273:
4759:
The Cambridge Ancient History - The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Part 3: Volume 3
713:
5140:
8697:
8677:
8010:
Includes individuals not necessarily of Greek ethnicity but with important contributions to Greek civilization.
6921:
6876:
6133:
5954:
5053:
4809:
2304:
8656:
5434:
4798:
Boardman, John; Sollberger, E. (1982). J. Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; N. G. L. Hammond; E. Sollberger (eds.).
4438:
3158:"Examining policy responses to immigration in the light of interstate relations and foreign policy objectives"
900:
The first serious attempt to improve relations was initiated by Greece in the 1980s, during the government of
9357:
9260:
8952:
8541:
7322:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
7011:
7006:
6936:
6896:
6881:
6663:
6618:
6238:
5886:
3229:
267:
5439:
2922:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9301:
9286:
8989:
8611:
8485:
8480:
7873:
7764:
7177:
7122:
7092:
7001:
6976:
6961:
6886:
6866:
5964:
5876:
5652:
4872:
4322:
Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Albania: Greeks
1051:
680:
617:
311:
263:
165:
9255:
6996:
4675:
Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Second Opinion on Albania
8926:
8730:
8601:
7997:
7896:
6633:
5856:
5806:
5452:
994:
2954:
The demographic struggle for power: the political economy of demographic engineering in the modern world
1372:
The Greek minority should be allowed to found cultural, religious, educational and social organizations.
9599:
9234:
8845:
8752:
8707:
7345:
6991:
6871:
5902:
5234:"Contested Spaces and Negotiated Identities in Dhermi/Drimades of Himare/Himara area, Southern Albania"
4847:
3939:
3471:
2425:
The military in Greek politics: from independence to democracy. Thanos Veremēs. Black Rose Books, 1998
1782:"The coastal Himara region of Southern Albania has always had a predominantly ethnic Greek population."
1301:
598:
546:
5240:
2141:
Filos, Panagiotis (December 18, 2017). Giannakis, Georgios; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.).
8931:
8606:
8581:
8556:
8536:
8531:
8077:
8032:
7987:
7523:
7451:
7411:
6165:
5861:
1158:
1017:
534:
427:. From the 4th century BCE onward, with a degree of certainty, the boundaries of Epirus included the
7774:
6951:
6673:
3673:
Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century : a guide to the economies in transition
2279:
1366:
The return of the confiscated property of the Orthodox Church and the freedom of religious practice.
1035:, Greeks are considered a "national minority". There were no reliable statistics on the size of any
9594:
8947:
8566:
8430:
7911:
7754:
7741:
7481:
7268:
6926:
6730:
5642:
5254:
On the Border: Transborder Mobility, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries Along the Albanian-Greek Frontier
4189:
Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas
4150:
4125:
3099:
829:
550:
538:
529:
During this period a number of uprisings against the Ottoman Empire periodically broke out. In the
507:
2320:
1120:
Ethnographic map of Northern Epirus in 1913, presented by Greece in Paris Peace Conference (1919).
812:
to enter Northern Epirus. Northern Epirus thus became the site of the first clear setback for the
593:(1912–13) and the Ottoman defeat, the Greek army entered the region. The outcome of the following
8702:
8682:
8672:
8616:
8082:
7542:
7471:
6710:
6182:
6086:
5997:
5912:
5791:
3230:"The Greco-Albanian Relations During the Period 1974–1996: From Irredentism to Political Realism"
1359:
594:
562:
7288:
6243:
4633:(in German). Deutsch-Albanischen Freundschaftsgesellschaft e.V. 2005. p. 32. Archived from
4334:
4289:
9378:
9321:
9296:
9229:
8798:
8435:
8415:
8201:
8062:
7840:
7749:
7384:
6658:
6548:
6326:
6290:
6172:
6017:
5866:
5408:
4976:
Nationalism, globalization, and orthodoxy: the social origins of ethnic conflict in the Balkans
4877:"Reciting the future: Border relocations and everyday speculations in two Greek border regions"
2456:"The Albanian Aromanians' Awakening: Identity Politics and Conflicts in Post-Communist Albania"
2039:
932:
456:
250:
It started to be used by Greeks in 1913, upon the creation of the Albanian state following the
3270:
3176:
3050:
2652:
2618:
9433:
9428:
9403:
9383:
9113:
8586:
8551:
8526:
8470:
8460:
7503:
7426:
7421:
7416:
6981:
6946:
6931:
6810:
6638:
6628:
6593:
6588:
6573:
6553:
6517:
6300:
6270:
6260:
6250:
6145:
5924:
5881:
5851:
5829:
5776:
5699:
5610:
5376:
Ethnographic map of Albania and neighbors, showing concentration of Greeks in Northern Epirus
4250:
3886:
3563:
2455:
2357:
2336:
2266:
2213:νομείς της οθωμανικής εξουσίας στην Ήπειρο και στην Αλβανία ήταν κυρίως μουσουλμάνοι Αλβανοί.
1944:
1842:
558:
554:
144:
8793:
4876:
3909:
3862:
9552:
9470:
9413:
9398:
9388:
9336:
9128:
9118:
9108:
9061:
9004:
8631:
8546:
8425:
8142:
8025:
7855:
7830:
7813:
7554:
7476:
7376:
7187:
6986:
6835:
6795:
6770:
6613:
6583:
6568:
6558:
6527:
6522:
6512:
6486:
6447:
6341:
6218:
6213:
6192:
6155:
6123:
6091:
6081:
6060:
5987:
5871:
5786:
5746:
5573:
5520:
5017:
Aspects of the Italian influence upon Greek - Albanian relations during the interwar period
3367:
2250:
840:
503:
331:
154:
4390:
3996:
3995:. Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). p. 3. Archived from
1873:"On+28+February+1914" "The Diplomacy of the Great Powers and the Balkan States, 1908–1914"
8:
9532:
9527:
9480:
9423:
9418:
9408:
9291:
9197:
9103:
9014:
9009:
8840:
8561:
8505:
8440:
7992:
7822:
7794:
7642:
7627:
7548:
7406:
7237:
7117:
6911:
6850:
6815:
6720:
6623:
6578:
6543:
6507:
6502:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6411:
6357:
6305:
6295:
6228:
6197:
6150:
6055:
5971:
5944:
5907:
5834:
5801:
5781:
5751:
5637:
5537:
4527:""Omonoia" and other minority organizations in Albania, are calling for a census boycott"
4367:
4024:Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας
3514:
3386:
3186:
937:
428:
424:
349:
8736:
4609:
2386:
Greeks in Russian military service in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries
1872:
1336:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1220:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
972:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
9547:
9393:
9316:
9306:
8999:
8994:
8850:
8742:
8636:
8621:
8475:
8241:
8232:
8136:
7982:
7946:
7931:
7632:
7486:
7323:
7273:
7026:
6906:
6780:
6755:
6563:
6481:
6452:
6401:
6391:
6336:
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6265:
6255:
6233:
6187:
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6033:
5949:
5934:
5929:
5796:
5704:
5662:
5568:
5558:
5553:
5532:
5515:
5475:
5393:
5357:
5203:
4952:
4906:
4860:
4103:
3414:
1077:
1072:
901:
365:
208:
53:
8968:
6916:
4634:
4460:
4321:
3990:"Migration and Migration Policy in Greece. Critical Review and Policy Recommendations"
3839:
1175:
1102:
1090:
1086:
521:
9557:
9537:
9341:
8718:
8646:
8384:
8087:
7926:
7906:
7817:
7560:
7513:
7461:
7456:
7441:
7368:
7298:
7283:
7077:
6765:
6457:
6406:
6362:
6223:
6160:
5992:
5959:
5764:
5756:
5657:
5594:
5361:
5326:
5274:"Commentary: The Law on Protection of National Minorities in the Republic of Albania"
5258:
5189:
5161:
5099:
5071:
5049:
5001:
4980:
4959:
4925:
4910:
4898:
4852:
4838:
4805:
4784:
4763:
4742:
4295:
4256:
3778:
3687:
3677:
3653:
3475:
3442:
3320:
3276:
3251:
3056:
2958:
2931:
2858:
2848:
2824:
2713:
2624:
2582:
2426:
2410:
2409:
Surrealism in Greece: An Anthology. Nikos Stabakis. University of Texas Press, 2008.
2390:
2363:
2340:
2300:
2148:
2076:
1987:
1950:
1908:
1848:
1434:
1404:
1288:
1251:
1147:
1026:
881:, was forbidden, and many Greek names of people and places were changed to Albanian.
799:
790:
725:
688:
602:
499:
294:
271:
232:
200:
45:
4151:
Social and political policies regarding Hellenism in Albania during the Hoxha period
3464:"Bilateral Governmental Communication: A Tool for Stronger Albanian-Greek Relations"
8876:
8871:
8806:
8712:
8651:
8420:
8410:
7969:
7936:
7921:
7901:
7860:
7790:
7566:
7466:
7212:
7021:
6901:
6416:
6396:
6012:
6007:
5939:
5919:
5813:
5741:
5709:
5589:
5505:
5349:
5028:
5020:
4890:
4842:
4834:
4686:
4551:
3963:
3241:
3198:
3190:
2485:
2254:
2195:
2187:
2051:
2043:
905:
817:
590:
432:
275:
247:
by the local Greeks against annexation to the newly founded Albanian principality.
5389:
5320:
650:
8500:
8368:
8343:
8130:
7785:
7162:
6687:
6096:
6002:
5839:
5252:
5183:
5141:"Working Paper. Albanian Series. Gender Ethnicity and Landed Property in Albania"
5093:
5065:
5043:
4995:
4974:
4940:
4919:
4799:
4778:
4757:
4732:
4558:
4098:
4023:
3896:
3393:
3374:
3314:
3312:
2996:
2952:
2842:
2707:
2575:"Venizelos' diplomacy, 1910-23: From Balkan alliance to Greek-Turkish Settlement"
2574:
2384:
2294:
1981:
1902:
828:(EAOVI, also called MAVI) was formed. Some others, c. 1,500 joined the left-wing
7242:
4921:
Southern Albania or Northern Epirus in European International Affairs, 1912–1923
3178:
The Social and Political Structure of Hellenism in Albania in the Post-Hotza Era
2113:
A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography
632:
9485:
8571:
8465:
8450:
8173:
8148:
8112:
8067:
7850:
7804:
7799:
7691:
7147:
7127:
6695:
5844:
3808:
1468:"...northern Epirus (now southern Albania) with its substantial Greek minority"
1255:
1094:
1036:
894:
440:
393:
348:. According to the 20th century definition, Northern Epirus stretches from the
345:
323:
188:
37:
7661:
5033:
4223:
4200:
Dimitropoulos. Social and political policies regarding Hellenism. 2011. p. 13.
3203:
3002:
2862:
2200:
2056:
1293:
1259:
1076:(about 3%). But this number was 8% by the same agency a year before. The 2014
676:
466:
125:
92:
9588:
9281:
8576:
8389:
8327:
7974:
7959:
7916:
7888:
7845:
6790:
6785:
6740:
6735:
6715:
6038:
5714:
5414:
Southern Albania, Northern Epirus: Survey of a Disputed Ethnological Boundary
5375:
4902:
4856:
4614:
Analele Științifice ale Universității "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași. Istorie
4461:"Ανησυχίες της ελληνικής μειονότητας της Αλβανίας για την απογραφή πληθυσμού"
4228:
University of Macedonia: Department of Balkan, Slavic and Middle East Studies
4092:
Southern Albania, Northern Epirus: Survey of a Disputed Ethnological Boundary
3255:
2477:
1868:
893:, and the creation of an entirely new settlement of Gjashta, comprised 3,000
518:
was established that aimed at the foundation of Greek cultural institutions.
3691:
3246:
3157:
641:
9454:
9181:
8445:
7964:
7954:
7883:
7868:
7319:
7207:
7057:
6820:
6805:
6775:
6745:
6705:
4610:"Școli române la sud de Dunăre, în Macedonia, Epir și Thesalia (1864-1900)"
4504:
2258:
1399:
1196:
874:
808:
530:
5024:
5019:(Doctoral Dissertation) (in Greek). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki.
3750:
3706:"OMONIA's Census: Greek minority constitutes 10% of population in Albania"
3194:
2191:
2047:
577:
306:
9475:
8809:
8317:
8195:
8048:
7941:
7878:
7835:
7808:
7591:
7278:
7247:
7227:
7107:
7062:
7016:
6845:
6830:
6825:
6760:
6700:
6177:
6050:
4571:"Omonias Census: Greek Minority Constitutes 10% of Population in Albania"
3671:
2181:
1154:
1021:
Traditional locations of linguistic and religious communities in Albania.
813:
542:
515:
495:
471:
361:
286:
259:
251:
4894:
4864:
4820:
2999:, of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
684:
510:, the first in the Balkans after that of Constantinople, was founded in
8910:
8802:
8455:
8237:
8218:
8154:
8072:
7666:
7617:
7533:
7518:
7293:
7137:
7067:
5563:
5525:
4091:
2709:
Founding a Balkan State: Albania's Experiment with Democracy, 1920-1925
836:
in southern Epirus, that wanted to unite Northern Epirus with Greece .
705:
436:
357:
7716:
7681:
7676:
5353:
4821:"The road: An ethnography of the Albanian-Greek cross-border motorway"
4154:(Thesis). Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences. p. 11.
2990:
Second Report Submitted By Albania Pursuant to Article 25, Paragraph 1
2490:
2337:
The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece.
1847:(New edition, 2nd impression ed.). London: C. Hurst. p. 36.
1297:
1246:
120:
115:
8358:
8348:
8333:
8322:
8302:
7711:
7647:
7389:
7197:
7182:
7172:
7167:
7112:
7097:
6386:
5510:
5444:
5182:
Russell King, Nicola Mai, Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers (Ed.) (2005).
4252:
Migration and poverty : toward better opportunities for the poor
3933:"Migration and Ethnicity in Albania: Synergies and Interdependencies"
3829:
2689:
2687:
2685:
1009:
870:
698:
511:
502:, traveled and preached extensively in northern Epirus, founding the
498:. One of the leading figures of that period, the Orthodox missionary
491:
420:
215:) is a term used to refer to those parts of the historical region of
135:
7731:
7696:
7337:
5221:. In Russell King; Nicola Mai; Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers (eds.).
4483:"Η ελληνική ομογένεια στην Αλβανία καλεί σε μποϊκοτάζ της απογραφής"
4249:
Murrugarra, Edmundo; Larrison, Jennica; Sasin, Marcin, eds. (2010).
3560:"Three Albanian journalists awarded with "World at 7 Billion Prize""
2008:
483:
110:
9176:
9087:
9071:
9030:
8297:
8292:
8277:
8118:
7701:
7612:
7586:
7394:
7157:
7082:
6956:
6840:
5218:
4997:
Badlands-borderlands: a history of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania
4552:
Census data: Resident population by ethnic and cultural affiliation
4291:
Reconstructing the Balkans: a geography of the new Southeast Europe
1409:
777:
During this period, the Albanian state led efforts to establish an
487:
330:), meaning "mainland" or "continent", first appears in the work of
282:
173:
9449:
9331:
9213:
8973:
7721:
7622:
7222:
3832:"Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project : Ethnic-Greeks in Albania"
3708:. Independent Balkan News Agency. 11 December 2013. Archived from
3316:
Brennpunkt Osteuropa: Minderheiten im Kreuzfeuer des Nationalismus
2682:
1116:
416:
369:
9326:
9311:
9160:
9045:
9035:
8312:
8307:
8287:
8272:
8267:
8183:
7706:
7686:
7637:
7595:
7582:
7399:
7232:
7202:
7152:
7142:
7047:
6800:
6750:
5769:
5678:
4804:
Vol. III (part 1) (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
4738:
4692:
3609:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Greece in the World. Archived from
2070:
1268:
1170:
1098:
1043:
1032:
919:
839:
When the war ended and the communists gained power in Albania, a
816:. However, after a six-month period of Greek administration, the
671:
In accordance with the wishes of the local Greek population, the
314:
of 1919, by the exiled provisional government of Northern Epirus.
224:
220:
82:
3834:. Center for International Development and Conflict Management,
2071:
Hatzopoulos, M. B.; Sakellariou, M.; Loukopoulou, L. D. (1997).
608:
525:
Greek Guerilla Chief from Northern Epirus in traditional costume
415:
river, immediately to the north of the Bay of Aulon (modern-day
412:
9362:
8394:
8352:
8338:
8227:
8179:
7671:
7652:
7102:
7087:
7052:
7042:
4589:
2653:"The Past and Present of the Greek Minority in Northern Epirus"
1419:
1414:
1276:
1047:
890:
878:
475:
452:
408:
404:
353:
290:
236:
228:
216:
161:
140:
8017:
3333:
3313:
Valeria Heuberger; Arnold Suppan; Elisabeth Vyslonzil (1996).
3137:
3030:
3018:
2904:
2902:
9066:
8363:
8282:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8222:
8124:
7726:
7252:
5419:
5154:
The Greek Minority in Albania – In the Aftermath of Communism
4731:
Allcock, John B. (1992). "Albania-Greece (Northern Epirus)".
4526:
4157:
4060:
2657:
Strategy International · Think Tank & Consulting Services
2435:
2073:
Epirus, Four Thousand Years of Greek History and Civilization
1272:
847:
377:
231:
and is associated with the existence of a substantial ethnic
4439:"Με αποχή απαντά η μειονότητα στην επιχείρηση αφανισμού της"
4413:"Macedonians and Greeks Join Forces against Albanian Census"
4072:
724:
The Albanian Government, with the country's entrance to the
659:
Postage stamps of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
613:
8495:
3590:""Northern Epiros": The Greek Minority in Southern Albania"
2899:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2092:
2009:"Liatovouni: a Molossian cemetery and settlement in Epirus"
1536:
833:
719:
385:
4958:(Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4335:"International Religious Freedom Report for 2014: Albania"
4169:
3899:
provided a figure of 8% for the Greek minority in Albania.
2971:
2890:
1904:
The Balkan Exchange of Minorities and its Impact on Greece
553:
and discreetly supported the revolt of his compatriots in
4203:
3650:
Geopolitical and economic changes in the Balkan countries
3319:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 74.
2610:
2522:
2218:
1150:, signed by Epirote and Albanian delegates, May 17, 1914
5138:
4780:
Epirus Vetus: The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province
4269:
4048:
3493:
3491:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2735:
Albania: family, society and culture in the 20th century
2617:
Stavrianos, Leften Stavros; Stoianovich, Traian (2008).
2600:
2598:
2546:
2251:"Ο Ηπειρωτικός διαφωτισμός στα χρόνια της Τουρκοκρατίας"
2115:. Whitefish, MT, USA: Kessinger Publishing. p. 423.
1197:
Land distribution and property in post-communist Albania
4644:
4248:
3552:
3407:"Albanian nationalists increase tensions with gunshots"
3308:
3306:
3304:
3127:
3125:
2950:
2230:
912:
5281:
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe
5120:(in German). Cologne: Universität Köln. Archived from
4364:"Final census findings lead to concerns over accuracy"
3511:"Final census findings lead to concerns over accuracy"
3289:
4656:
4628:"Albanische Hefte. Parlamentswahlen 2005 in Albanien"
4035:
4018:
4016:
3488:
2616:
2595:
2534:
2006:
1238:
property also seems impossible for the same reasons.
5139:
Lastaria-Cornhiel, Sussana; Wheeler, Rachel (1998).
3830:
Jelokova Z.; Mincheva L.; Fox J.; Fekrat B. (2002).
3733:"Greece: Illegal Immigration in the Midst of Crisis"
3345:
3301:
3122:
2359:
Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization
2119:
1440:
Postage stamps and postal history of Northern Epirus
1157:, and it was eventually annulled in 1921 during the
565:
awarded to Greece the southernmost parts of Epirus.
5115:"Minderheitenschutz im östlichen Europa (Albanien)"
4972:
4689:
Author: U.S. Department of State. January 31, 1994.
3387:
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous People
3076:
3074:
3072:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2693:
2510:
2498:
1938:
1936:
1749:
1747:
478:, fought for the incorporation of Epirus in Greece.
5294:"The Greek Minority in Albania – Current Tensions"
4951:
4797:
4013:
3860:
2869:
2579:Eleftherios Venizelos: the trials of statesmanship
2453:
2136:
2134:
1737:
1735:
1733:
699:World War I and following peace treaties (1914–21)
5429:
4704:
3751:"Country Studies US: Greeks and Other Minorities"
3743:
1943:Tucker, Spencer; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005).
407:(and of the ancient Greek world) was the Gulf of
9586:
5339:
5160:. Surrey, UK: Conflict Studies Research Centre.
5112:
4595:
4366:. Tirana Times. 19 December 2012. Archived from
3607:"Bilateral relations between Greece and Albania"
3468:Albania and Greece: Understanding and explaining
3431:The Greek Minority in Albania – Current Tensions
3069:
2847:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 118–119.
2441:
2013:Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
2007:Douzougli, Angelika; Papadopoulos, John (2010).
1983:The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801-1927
1933:
1744:
8204:(1918–23 with France, Italy and United Kingdom)
5420:Research Foundation on Northern Epirus (I.B.E.)
5271:
5113:Nußberger, Angelika; Stoppel, Wolfgang (2001).
5091:
4755:
4698:
4344:. United States, Department of State. p. 5
3987:
3339:
3143:
3036:
3024:
2908:
2131:
2098:
1730:
820:followed in April 1941 and Greece capitulated.
5146:. Land Tenure Center. University of Wisconsin.
4973:Roudometof, Victor; Robertson, Roland (2001).
4281:
2389:. Nicholas Charles Pappas. pp. 318, 324.
2186:(Thesis). University of Ioannina. p. 61.
1844:Ionian vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1714:
1712:
1171:Protests against irregularities in 2011 census
1067:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
8779:
8033:
7353:
5460:
4380:
3854:
3774:Eastern Europe at the end of the 20th century
3503:
3272:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
3174:
3149:
2840:
1942:
1907:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 28.
1790:
1788:
1636:
1634:
609:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914)
5272:Djordjević, Ljubica; Zaimi, Zenajda (2019).
5208:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4255:. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. p. 75.
4187:Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond (1967).
3601:
3599:
1900:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1445:List of historic Greek countries and regions
1430:Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence
1081:who are Albanian citizens reside in Greece.
926:
583:declaration of Northern Epirote Independence
356:southward to the Greek border, and from the
344:1886, to describe the northern parts of the
73:Territory claimed as part of Northern Epirus
5239:. University of Nova Gorica. Archived from
4848:1871.1/46adcb87-0107-4e00-87e1-9130ee16b0fa
4374:
3175:Dimitropoulos, Kontsantinos-Fotios (2011).
2712:. University of Toronto Press. p. 93.
2581:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 150.
2355:
1756:
1709:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
8786:
8772:
8597:Provisional Government of National Defence
8040:
8026:
7360:
7346:
7318:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
6962:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
5467:
5453:
5342:Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans
5095:Albania: from anarchy to a Balkan identity
5092:Vickers, Miranda; Pettifer, James (1997).
4993:
4818:
4288:Hall, Derek R.; Danta, Darrick R. (1996).
4209:
4175:
4078:
3930:
3562:. United Nations (Albania). Archived from
3538:"Albania Moves Ahead With Disputed Census"
3413:(in Greek). 20 August 2010. Archived from
3008:
2528:
2475:
2296:The Albanian National Awakening, 1878-1912
2224:
1785:
1648:
1646:
1631:
848:Cold War period (1946–91) - Hoxha's regime
5405:Greeks of Albania and Albanians in Greece
5250:
5216:
5098:. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
5070:. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 64–92.
5062:
5032:
4846:
4710:
4356:
4287:
4163:
4066:
4054:
3596:
3368:Greeks of Albania and Albanians in Greece
3245:
3202:
3155:
2977:
2920:
2834:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2679:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1963: 40, 95.
2489:
2478:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece"
2199:
2179:
2055:
2029:
1927:
1673:
1131:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
784:
5231:
5150:
4756:Boardman, John; Hammond, N.G.L. (1970).
4650:
4505:"Albanian census worries Greek minority"
3924:
3770:
3669:
3587:
3529:
3497:
3295:
3268:
2604:
2540:
2236:
1975:
1973:
1480:
1245:
1186:Party for Justice, Integration and Unity
1174:
1115:
1016:
1008:
851:
826:Northern Epirote Liberation Organization
798:
720:Interwar period (1921–39) - Zog's regime
683:, a distinguished Greek politician from
612:
576:
572:
520:
465:
310:Map of Northern Epirus presented to the
305:
5425:Northern Epirus: Hellenism Through Time
5401:by the Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project
5291:
4730:
4662:
4607:
4431:
3823:
3535:
3427:
3227:
3131:
2886:
2884:
2650:
1867:
1643:
999:2008 Kosovo declaration of independence
9587:
9574:First-level NUTS of the European Union
8592:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
7432:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
6922:Galician independence movement (Spain)
5474:
5322:Human rights in post-communist Albania
5041:
4938:
4776:
4687:Albanian Human Rights Practices, 1993.
4275:
3730:
3097:
3055:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 113.
3052:Greek to Me: A Memoir of Academic Life
2875:
2732:
2705:
2465:. European Centre for Minority Issues.
2454:Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (1999).
2382:
2292:
2248:
2125:
1979:
1425:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
861:for most of the Cold War as a result.
673:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
667:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
622:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
411:, or alternatively, the mouth of the
301:
256:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
21:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
19:For the autonomous state in 1914, see
8767:
8021:
7447:Greco-Italian War in southern Albania
7367:
7341:
6972:Patani United Liberation Organisation
6942:Inner Mongolian independence movement
5448:
5301:Defence Academy of the United Kingdom
5014:
4949:
4871:
4221:
3351:
3048:
3012:
2891:James Pettifer; Hugh Poulton (1994).
2771:
2759:
2747:
2572:
2516:
2504:
2140:
2110:
1970:
1840:
1312:
403:In antiquity, the northern border of
6967:National Liberation Front of Corsica
6892:East Turkestan independence movement
5318:
4148:Dimitropoulos, Konstantinos (2011).
3836:University of Maryland, College Park
3777:. Taylor & Francis. p. 69.
3731:Kasimi, Charalambos (8 March 2012).
3588:survival, cultural (19 March 2010).
3461:
2895:. Minority Rights Group. p. 33.
2881:
2623:. Hurst & Company. p. 710.
2577:. In Kitromilides, Paschalis (ed.).
2325:. Duke University. 1981. p. 90.
1455:
1316:
1200:
952:
913:Post-communist period (1991–present)
8688:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
8202:Constantinople, Zone of the Straits
7760:Panepirotic Federation of Australia
4882:HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
4381:George Gilson (27 September 2010).
2930:. Macedonian Studies. p. 217.
2482:European Journal of Turkish Studies
807:In 1939, Albania became an Italian
368:. The main rivers of the area are:
13:
8522:Party of Radicals (Ionian Islands)
5312:
4026:. University of Athens. pp. 51-58.
2339:Princeton University Press, 1999.
2322:Greek, Roman and Byzantine studies
1358:In 1991, the Greek Prime Minister
818:invasion of Greece by Nazi Germany
281:Tensions remained high during the
14:
9611:
7755:Panepirotic Federation of America
7529:Postage stamps and postal history
5440:The Government of Epirus in Exile
5369:
5085:
4918:Stickney, Edith Pierpont (1926).
4415:. balkanchronicle. Archived from
4022:Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "
3676:. London: Routledge. p. 69.
3652:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996
2573:Smith, Michael Llewellyn (2006).
2383:Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1991).
2362:. Ekdotike Athenon. p. 255.
1841:Smith, Michael Llewellyn (1999).
1109:
830:Albanian National Liberation Army
461:
8491:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
8096:
7494:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
5399:Assessment for Greeks in Albania
4839:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01246.x
4680:
4668:
4620:
4601:
4563:
4545:
4519:
4497:
4475:
4453:
4405:
4327:
4315:
4242:
4215:
4194:
4181:
4142:
4118:"Albania: The state of a nation"
4110:
4084:
4029:
3981:
3956:
3902:
3880:
3797:
3764:
3724:
3698:
3663:
3642:
3625:
3581:
3576:...the controversial CENSUS data
3439:Research & Assessment Branch
3269:Hupchick, D. (11 January 2002).
2951:Milica Zarkovic Bookman (1997).
2677:Albania and the Sino-Soviet Rift
1815:
1806:
1797:
1776:
1721:
1321:
1282:
1205:
957:
942:Archbishop Anastasios of Albania
795:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
649:
640:
631:
67:
8693:Treaty of Constantinople (1897)
8047:
7073:Basque Country (greater region)
6932:Guangdong Independence Movement
5325:. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki.
4734:Border and Territorial Disputes
4719:
4191:. Clarendon Press. pp. 131-132.
3455:
3421:
3399:
3380:
3357:
3262:
3228:Peponas, Manolis (2023-06-29).
3221:
3168:
3100:"The Greek minority in Albania"
3091:
3042:
2983:
2944:
2914:
2813:
2726:
2699:
2694:Roudometof & Robertson 2001
2669:
2651:Peponas, Manolis (2023-10-23).
2644:
2566:
2469:
2447:
2419:
2403:
2376:
2349:
2329:
2313:
2286:
2242:
2173:
2144:The Dialectal Variety of Epirus
2104:
2064:
2023:
2000:
1986:. Routledge. pp. 543–544.
1700:
1691:
1682:
1664:
1655:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1551:
1542:
1529:
1520:
1004:
948:
555:Ottoman-occupied Epirus in 1854
405:the historical region of Epirus
366:the historical region Macedonia
8698:Greek-Serbian Alliance of 1913
8678:Greek-Serbian Alliance of 1867
6877:Assyrian independence movement
5181:
4979:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4762:. Cambridge University Press.
4575:Independent Balkan News Agency
3988:Triandafyllidou, Anna (2009).
3536:Likmeta, Besar (6 July 2011).
3513:. Tirana Times. Archived from
2841:Richard Clogg (20 June 2002).
2299:. Princeton University Press.
1921:
1901:Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002).
1894:
1861:
1834:
1471:
1462:
1126:Orthodox Christian communities
585:in Gjirokastër (1 March 1914).
264:Paris Peace Conference of 1919
1:
8627:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
7012:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
7007:Tibetan independence movement
6937:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
6897:Faroese independence movement
6882:Catalan independence movement
4924:. Stanford University Press.
4917:
4819:Dalakoglou, Dimitris (2010).
3474:. pp. 73, 77–79, 81–82.
3164:. Liverpool University Press.
3156:Konidaris, Gerasimos (2013).
3082:"www.drustvo-antropologov.si"
2706:Austin, Robert Clegg (2012).
2561:
2335:Katherine Elizabeth Fleming.
1450:
708:in 1916, and established the
227:. The term is used mostly by
8612:Occupation of Constantinople
8481:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
7874:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
7765:Unity for Human Rights Party
7093:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
7002:Taiwan independence movement
6977:Ryukyu independence movement
6887:Champa independence movement
6867:Alsace independence movement
5251:Nitsiakos, Vassilis (2010).
4724:
4616:(in Romanian) (61): 297–311.
4596:Nußberger & Stoppel 2001
4124:. p. 15. Archived from
3771:Jeffries, Ian (1993-06-25).
3396:: Albanian overview: Greeks.
2476:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011).
2442:Nußberger & Stoppel 2001
1828:
1241:
1184:by the nationalist oriented
681:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
618:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
7:
9538:Irish (in Northern Ireland)
8731:Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
8725:Venizelos–Tittoni agreement
8602:National Defence Army Corps
8192:(1914–17, 1919–21, 1940–41)
7998:Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis
7897:Kyriakoulis Argyrokastritis
6957:Mapuche separatist movement
5435:Northern Epirus News Agency
5390:Albania: the Greek minority
4939:Ruches, Pyrrhus J. (1965).
4699:Djordjević & Zaimi 2019
3861:CIA World Factbook (2006).
3340:Vickers & Pettifer 1997
3144:Vickers & Pettifer 1997
3037:Vickers & Pettifer 1997
3025:Vickers & Pettifer 1997
2909:Vickers & Pettifer 1997
2844:A Concise History of Greece
2356:Sakellariou, M. V. (1997).
2099:Boardman & Hammond 1970
1393:
995:death of Aristotelis Goumas
779:independent orthodox church
714:Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
601:, signed at the end of the
10:
9616:
8753:Treaty of Guarantee (1960)
8708:Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
6992:Silesian Autonomy Movement
6872:Assam separatist movements
6027:Northern & Middle Asia
5223:The New Albanian Migration
5217:De Rapper, Gilles (2005).
5185:The New Albanian Migration
5067:The New Albanian Migration
5015:Manta, Elevtheria (2005).
4533:. Athens News Agency (ANA)
3737:Migration Policy Institute
3472:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
3234:HAPSc Policy Briefs Series
3160:. In King, Russell (ed.).
2957:. Routledge. p. 245.
1385:
1302:Communist Party of Albania
1024:
788:
664:
547:Third Siege of Missolonghi
450:
446:
376:, Aoos) its tributary the
272:Italy's invasion of Greece
223:, which today are part of
18:
9566:
9520:
9494:
9463:
9442:
9371:
9350:
9269:
9248:
9222:
9206:
9190:
9169:
9153:
9137:
9096:
9080:
9054:
9023:
8982:
8961:
8940:
8919:
8903:
8885:
8864:
8833:
8817:
8743:Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
8665:
8557:1878 Macedonian rebellion
8542:Cretan revolt (1866–1869)
8537:1867 Macedonian rebellion
8532:1854 Macedonian rebellion
8514:
8403:
8377:
8211:
8164:
8105:
8094:
8078:Greek War of Independence
8055:
8006:
7988:Vasileios of Dryinoupolis
7773:
7740:
7602:
7576:
7524:Polyphonic song of Epirus
7502:
7375:
7309:
7261:
7035:
6997:Székely autonomy movement
6859:
6686:
6651:
6606:
6536:
6495:
6477:
6470:
6425:
6382:
6375:
6350:
6314:
6286:
6279:
6206:
6116:
6109:
6074:
6026:
5980:
5895:
5822:
5734:
5727:
5692:
5671:
5630:
5623:
5603:
5582:
5546:
5498:
5491:
5482:
5385:Greek minority in Albania
5292:Vickers, Miranda (2002).
5232:Gregorič, Nataša (2008).
5188:. Sussex Academic Press.
4954:Concise History of Greece
4090:Winnifrith, Tom (1995). "
3428:Vickers, Miranda (2010).
3275:. Springer. p. 361.
3185:(Doctoral Dissertation).
2921:Skoulidas, Ilias (2012).
2737:. LIT Verlag. p. 98.
2180:Skoulidas, Ilias (2001).
2030:Skoulidas, Ilias (2001).
1946:World War I: encyclopedia
1353:
1330:This section needs to be
1214:This section needs to be
1159:Conference of Ambassadors
1073:The World Factbook (2006)
966:This section needs to be
927:Trial of the Omonoia Five
599:Peace Treaty of Bucharest
589:With the outbreak of the
535:Greek War of Independence
397:
389:
381:
373:
327:
276:German invasion of Greece
192:
172:
151:
134:
98:
88:
78:
66:
41:
31:
8657:1974 Cypriot coup d'état
8567:Greco-Turkish War (1897)
8431:Alexandros Koumoundouros
7912:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis
7482:Italian spring offensive
6927:Greenlandic independence
5151:Pettifer, James (2001).
4994:Winnifrith, Tom (2002).
4777:Bowden, William (2003).
4608:Solcanu, Ion I. (2015).
4122:ICG Balkans Report N°111
3968:U.S. Department of State
3015:, pp. 111–112, 115.
2924:Greek-Albanian Relations
1980:Miller, William (1966).
1949:. ABC-CLIO. p. 77.
1250:Bilingual road sign, in
581:Picture of the official
539:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis
508:Moscopole printing house
8703:Treaty of London (1913)
8683:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
8673:Treaty of London (1864)
8617:Greek landing at Smyrna
8198:(1919–22 as dependency)
8083:First Hellenic Republic
5319:Fred, Abrahams (1996).
4950:Clogg, Richard (2002).
3247:10.12681/hapscpbs.35184
3049:Clogg, Richard (2017).
2293:Skendi, Stavro (1967).
2249:Κίτσος, Κων. Ι (1978).
2111:Smith, William (2006).
1360:Konstantinos Mitsotakis
212:
57:
8748:Treaty of Paris (1947)
8436:Dimitrios Kalapothakis
8416:Aristotelis Valaoritis
8063:Fall of Constantinople
7841:Konstantinos Skenderis
6952:Māori protest movement
5409:Greek Helsinki Monitor
4324:, 2008. UNHCR Refworld
4294:. Wiley. p. 128.
4107:. Retrieved 14-6-2015.
3888:The CIA World Factbook
3670:Jeffries, Ian (2002).
3648:Nicholas V. Gianaris.
3364:Greek Helsinki Monitor
3162:New Albanian Migration
3098:Kondis, Basil (1995).
2620:The Balkans since 1453
2274:Cite journal requires
2259:10.26268/heal.uoi.4769
2040:University of Ioannina
1263:
1180:
1163:
1121:
1022:
1014:
857:
804:
785:World War II (1939–45)
624:
595:Peace Treaty of London
586:
526:
479:
457:Epirus (ancient state)
315:
312:Paris Peace Conference
204:
49:
8587:Himara revolt of 1912
8552:Epirus Revolt of 1878
8527:Epirus Revolt of 1854
8471:Themistoklis Sofoulis
8461:Eleftherios Venizelos
7590:Medieval and modern:
7427:Himara revolt of 1912
6982:Scottish independence
6947:Kashubian Association
6669:Indigenous Australian
5430:Northern Epirot Youth
5042:Wilkes, John (1996).
5000:. London: Duckworth.
4383:"Bad blood in Himara"
4222:Ράπτη, Αθηνά (2014).
3462:Feta, Bledar (2018).
2463:ECMI Working Paper #3
2147:. Walter de Gruyter.
1249:
1178:
1119:
1114:
1052:1919 Paris Conference
1020:
1012:
855:
802:
616:
580:
573:Balkan Wars (1912–13)
524:
469:
439:in the West, and the
309:
153: • Summer (
8632:Great Fire of Smyrna
8547:Cretan revolt (1878)
8426:Macedonian Committee
8404:People/Organizations
8143:North Aegean islands
7894:Military/Resistance:
7856:Stavrianos Vistiaris
7831:Theodore Kavalliotis
7555:Acroceraunian School
7188:Marathi Abhimaangeet
6987:Siberian regionalism
5416:by Tom J. Winnifrith
4945:. Chicago: Argonaut.
4826:American Ethnologist
4038:Nationalities Papers
3189:. pp. 218–220.
2893:The Southern Balkans
2075:. Ekdotike Athenon.
1142:Liberty of language:
841:United States Senate
504:Acroceraunian School
332:Hecataeus of Miletus
9277:Balkar and Karachay
9240:Free City of Danzig
8562:Macedonian Struggle
8506:Dimitrios Ioannidis
8441:Stephanos Dragoumis
7993:Panteleimon Kotokos
7823:Christakis Zografos
7795:Konstantinos Zappas
7549:Zographeion College
7412:Revolt of 1567-1572
7407:Despotate of Epirus
7279:American Indigenous
6912:Free Papua Movement
6322:Balkar and Karachay
6117:Southeastern Europe
5648:Indigenous Canadian
5225:. pp. 173–194.
5048:. Wiley-Blackwell.
5025:10.12681/eadd/23718
4895:10.14318/hau2.1.007
4166:, pp. 249–263.
4069:, pp. 129–130.
3417:on 9 December 2017.
3195:10.12681/eadd/23044
3187:Panteion University
2192:10.12681/eadd/12856
2048:10.12681/eadd/12856
938:Albanian immigrants
620:, president of the
496:Greek Enlightenment
429:Ceraunian mountains
350:Ceraunian Mountains
302:Name and definition
9261:Transylvania–Banat
8637:1931 Cyprus Revolt
8622:Republic of Pontus
8486:Theodoros Pangalos
8476:Nikolaos Plastiras
8242:Cappadocian Greeks
8186:(1912–13, 1920–23)
7947:Spyros Spyromilios
7932:Vasileios Sachinis
7324:ethnic nationalism
7027:Welsh independence
6907:Free Aceh Movement
6139:in North Macedonia
5981:South-eastern Asia
5476:Ethnic nationalism
5394:Human Rights Watch
4942:Albania's captives
4577:. 11 December 2013
4557:2015-09-24 at the
4419:on 12 January 2012
4104:Society Farsharotu
4097:2015-07-10 at the
3895:2017-01-26 at the
3811:on October 5, 2006
3633:"Plan for Albania"
3392:2014-11-15 at the
3373:2009-03-16 at the
3183:www.didaktorika.gr
2995:2009-03-19 at the
2821:Greece of Tomorrow
1313:Official positions
1264:
1181:
1122:
1078:CIA World Factbook
1023:
1015:
906:Helsinki Final Act
902:Andreas Papandreou
858:
805:
625:
587:
551:modern Greek state
527:
480:
470:The Greek general
431:in the north, the
318:The Greek toponym
316:
9600:Greek nationalism
9582:
9581:
8761:
8760:
8719:Protocol of Corfu
8647:Greco-Italian War
8385:Greek nationalism
8088:Kingdom of Greece
8015:
8014:
7927:Ioannis Poutetsis
7907:Nikolaos Dailakis
7818:Michael Vasileiou
7561:Dhuvjan Monastery
7514:Himariote dialect
7442:Protocol of Corfu
7369:Greeks in Albania
7335:
7334:
7078:Catalan Countries
6682:
6681:
6647:
6646:
6602:
6601:
6466:
6465:
6371:
6370:
6105:
6104:
5723:
5722:
5619:
5618:
5354:10.1080/713683343
5332:978-1-56432-160-2
5195:978-1-903900-78-9
5077:978-1-903900-78-9
4986:978-0-313-31949-5
4931:978-0-8047-6171-0
4790:978-0-7156-3116-4
4748:978-0-582-20931-2
4701:, pp. 57–58.
4301:978-0-471-95758-4
4278:, pp. 92–93.
4262:978-0-8213-8436-7
4230:(in Greek): 49–50
4081:, pp. 24–25.
3784:978-0-415-23671-3
3658:978-0-275-95541-0
3481:978-9928-195-22-7
3448:978-1-905962-79-2
3377:, September 1994.
3326:978-3-486-56182-1
3282:978-0-312-29913-2
2980:, pp. 57–58.
2964:978-0-7146-4732-6
2937:978-960-467-342-1
2854:978-0-521-00479-4
2819:George H. Chase.
2630:978-1-85065-551-0
2491:10.4000/ejts.4444
2369:978-960-213-371-2
2345:978-0-691-00194-4
1993:978-0-7146-1974-3
1956:978-1-85109-420-2
1456:Explanatory notes
1435:Protocol of Corfu
1405:Greek nationalism
1351:
1350:
1289:League of Nations
1235:
1234:
1148:Protocol of Corfu
1037:ethnic minorities
1027:Greeks in Albania
987:
986:
791:Greek-Italian War
726:League of Nations
710:Republic of Korçë
689:Protocol of Corfu
603:Second Balkan War
541:from Hormovo and
500:Cosmas of Aetolia
435:in the east, the
295:post Cold War era
268:Greco-Turkish War
219:, in the western
182:
181:
61:
16:Region in Albania
9607:
9543:Northern English
9486:Western Armenian
9145:North Kazakhstan
8895:Republika Srpska
8788:
8781:
8774:
8765:
8764:
8737:Treaty of Sèvres
8713:Treaty of Athens
8652:Cyprus Emergency
8421:Ethniki Etaireia
8411:Ioannis Kolettis
8221:which included:
8100:
8042:
8035:
8028:
8019:
8018:
7983:Photios Kalpidis
7970:Leonidas Sabanis
7937:Georgios Soulios
7922:Athanasios Pipis
7902:Dimitrios Doulis
7861:Andreas Zarbalas
7567:Bangas Gymnasium
7362:
7355:
7348:
7339:
7338:
7328:
7213:Republika Srpska
7022:Walloon Movement
6902:Flemish Movement
6475:
6474:
6380:
6379:
6284:
6283:
6114:
6113:
5732:
5731:
5628:
5627:
5496:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5445:
5365:
5336:
5308:
5298:
5288:
5278:
5268:
5247:
5245:
5238:
5226:
5213:
5207:
5199:
5178:
5176:
5170:. Archived from
5159:
5147:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5126:
5119:
5109:
5081:
5059:
5038:
5036:
5034:10442/hedi/23718
5011:
4990:
4969:
4957:
4946:
4935:
4914:
4868:
4850:
4815:
4794:
4773:
4752:
4741:. pp. 3–8.
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4567:
4561:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4485:. kathimerini.gr
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4389:. Archived from
4378:
4372:
4371:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4339:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4285:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4114:
4108:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4027:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3994:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3944:
3938:. Archived from
3937:
3931:Kosta Barjarba.
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3906:
3900:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3842:on July 20, 2006
3838:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3807:. Archived from
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3667:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3613:on July 17, 2006
3603:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3441:. pp. 6–7.
3436:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3384:
3378:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3310:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3204:10442/hedi/23044
3172:
3166:
3165:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3006:
3000:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2423:
2417:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2353:
2347:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:10442/hedi/12856
2177:
2171:
2170:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:10442/hedi/12856
2027:
2021:
2020:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1838:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1754:
1751:
1742:
1739:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1638:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1201:
982:
979:
973:
961:
960:
953:
653:
644:
635:
591:First Balkan War
563:Treaty of Berlin
559:uprising in 1878
433:Pindus mountains
399:
391:
383:
375:
329:
239:and in 1914 was
194:
158:
71:
43:
36:
29:
28:
26:Place in Albania
9615:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9608:
9606:
9605:
9604:
9595:Northern Epirus
9585:
9584:
9583:
9578:
9562:
9516:
9490:
9459:
9438:
9367:
9346:
9265:
9244:
9218:
9202:
9186:
9165:
9154:North Macedonia
9149:
9133:
9092:
9076:
9050:
9019:
8978:
8957:
8936:
8927:Turkish Cypriot
8915:
8899:
8887:
8881:
8860:
8829:
8825:Northern Epirus
8813:
8792:
8762:
8757:
8661:
8510:
8501:Georgios Grivas
8456:Military League
8399:
8373:
8344:Eastern Rumelia
8207:
8190:Northern Epirus
8166:
8160:
8101:
8092:
8051:
8046:
8016:
8011:
8009:
8002:
7889:Vasilis Bolanos
7786:Apostol Arsache
7769:
7736:
7657:
7598:
7589:
7572:
7538:
7505:
7498:
7437:Northern Epirus
7371:
7366:
7336:
7331:
7313:
7305:
7257:
7193:Northern Epirus
7163:Ketuanan Melayu
7031:
6917:Future of Åland
6855:
6791:Native American
6688:Pan-nationalism
6678:
6643:
6607:Northern Europe
6598:
6532:
6491:
6471:Southern Europe
6462:
6421:
6367:
6346:
6310:
6275:
6202:
6101:
6070:
6022:
5976:
5891:
5818:
5719:
5688:
5667:
5658:Native American
5615:
5604:Southern Africa
5599:
5578:
5542:
5484:
5478:
5473:
5383:profile of the
5372:
5333:
5315:
5313:Further reading
5296:
5276:
5265:
5243:
5236:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5174:
5168:
5157:
5143:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5106:
5088:
5078:
5056:
5008:
4987:
4966:
4932:
4812:
4791:
4770:
4749:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4669:
4661:
4657:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4606:
4602:
4594:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4559:Wayback Machine
4550:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4393:on 21 July 2011
4379:
4375:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4286:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4210:Winnifrith 2002
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4182:
4176:Winnifrith 2002
4174:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4147:
4143:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4099:Wayback Machine
4089:
4085:
4079:Winnifrith 2002
4077:
4073:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4034:
4030:
4021:
4014:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3897:Wayback Machine
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3684:
3668:
3664:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3541:
3540:. Balkaninsight
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3394:Wayback Machine
3385:
3381:
3375:Wayback Machine
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3311:
3302:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3267:
3263:
3226:
3222:
3209:
3207:
3173:
3169:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3070:
3063:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:, p. 136;
3009:Dalakoglou 2010
3007:
3003:
2997:Wayback Machine
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2900:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2855:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2704:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2529:Winnifrith 2002
2527:
2523:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2474:
2470:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2354:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2291:
2287:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2225:Winnifrith 2002
2223:
2219:
2206:
2204:
2178:
2174:
2155:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2069:
2065:
2042:. p. 230.
2028:
2024:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1978:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1884:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1559:Northern Epirus
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1396:
1388:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1285:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1173:
1164:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1112:
1029:
1007:
983:
977:
974:
971:
962:
958:
951:
929:
915:
850:
797:
789:Main articles:
787:
722:
701:
669:
663:
662:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:
646:
645:
637:
636:
611:
575:
464:
459:
449:
392:Apsos) and the
384:, Drinos), the
341:Northern Epirus
304:
243:an independent
185:Northern Epirus
152:
130:
107:
106:
74:
62:
60:
52:
44:
34:
33:Northern Epirus
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9613:
9603:
9602:
9597:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9570:
9568:
9564:
9563:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9548:Northern Irish
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9524:
9522:
9521:United Kingdom
9518:
9517:
9515:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9498:
9496:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9467:
9465:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9457:
9452:
9446:
9444:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9375:
9373:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9365:
9360:
9354:
9352:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9273:
9271:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9263:
9258:
9252:
9250:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9226:
9224:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9216:
9210:
9208:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9200:
9194:
9192:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9179:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9157:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9141:
9139:
9135:
9134:
9132:
9131:
9126:
9124:South Tyrolean
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9084:
9082:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9058:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9027:
9025:
9021:
9020:
9018:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8971:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8958:
8956:
8955:
8950:
8944:
8942:
8938:
8937:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8923:
8921:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8897:
8891:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8879:
8874:
8868:
8866:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8837:
8835:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8827:
8821:
8819:
8815:
8814:
8791:
8790:
8783:
8776:
8768:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8734:
8728:
8722:
8716:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8642:Greece in WWII
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8572:Theriso revolt
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8518:
8516:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8466:Penelope Delta
8463:
8458:
8453:
8451:Kostis Palamas
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8381:
8379:
8375:
8374:
8372:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8215:
8213:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8205:
8199:
8193:
8187:
8177:
8174:Eastern Thrace
8170:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8152:
8149:Western Thrace
8146:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8113:Ionian Islands
8109:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8068:Ottoman Greece
8065:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8052:
8045:
8044:
8037:
8030:
8022:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7851:Tasos Vidouris
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7825:
7820:
7811:
7802:
7800:Ioannis Pangas
7797:
7788:
7779:
7777:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7746:
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7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7422:Revolt of 1878
7419:
7417:Revolt of 1854
7414:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7385:Ancient Epirus
7381:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7365:
7364:
7357:
7350:
7342:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7310:
7307:
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7301:
7296:
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7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7148:Karakalpakstan
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7128:East Turkestan
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
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7075:
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6426:United Kingdom
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6383:
6377:
6376:Western Europe
6373:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6318:
6316:
6315:North Caucasus
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6280:Eastern Europe
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6210:
6208:
6207:Central Europe
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6188:Romani (Gypsy)
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6120:
6118:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6075:South Caucasus
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6044:South Mongolia
6036:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5968:
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5957:
5952:
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5922:
5917:
5916:
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5809:
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5779:
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5607:
5605:
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5530:
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5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5411:
5402:
5396:
5387:
5378:
5371:
5370:External links
5368:
5367:
5366:
5348:(2): 149–162.
5337:
5331:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5289:
5269:
5263:
5257:. LIT Verlag.
5248:
5246:on 2011-06-10.
5229:
5228:
5227:
5194:
5179:
5177:on 2011-07-06.
5166:
5148:
5136:
5110:
5104:
5087:
5086:Current topics
5084:
5083:
5082:
5076:
5060:
5054:
5039:
5012:
5006:
4991:
4985:
4970:
4964:
4947:
4936:
4930:
4915:
4889:(1): 111–129.
4869:
4833:(1): 132–149.
4816:
4810:
4795:
4789:
4774:
4768:
4753:
4747:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:Konidaris 2005
4703:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4640:on 2011-07-18.
4619:
4600:
4588:
4562:
4544:
4518:
4496:
4474:
4452:
4430:
4404:
4373:
4370:on 2012-12-26.
4355:
4326:
4314:
4300:
4280:
4268:
4261:
4241:
4214:
4202:
4193:
4180:
4178:, p. 133.
4168:
4164:Nitsiakos 2010
4156:
4141:
4109:
4083:
4071:
4067:Nitsiakos 2010
4059:
4055:Nitsiakos 2010
4047:
4028:
4012:
3980:
3955:
3923:
3901:
3879:
3853:
3822:
3796:
3783:
3763:
3742:
3723:
3712:on 18 May 2021
3697:
3682:
3662:
3641:
3624:
3595:
3580:
3566:on 28 May 2014
3551:
3528:
3517:on 28 May 2014
3502:
3487:
3480:
3454:
3447:
3420:
3411:Eleutherotypia
3398:
3379:
3356:
3354:, p. 214.
3344:
3342:, p. 198.
3332:
3325:
3300:
3288:
3281:
3261:
3220:
3167:
3148:
3146:, p. 190.
3136:
3121:
3104:Balkan Studies
3090:
3068:
3061:
3041:
3039:, p. 189.
3029:
3027:, p. 187.
3017:
3001:
2982:
2978:Nitsiakos 2010
2970:
2963:
2943:
2936:
2913:
2898:
2880:
2868:
2853:
2833:
2812:
2810:, p. 182.
2808:De Rapper 2005
2800:
2798:, p. 181.
2796:De Rapper 2005
2788:
2786:, p. 175.
2784:De Rapper 2005
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2725:
2718:
2698:
2696:, p. 189.
2681:
2668:
2643:
2629:
2609:
2594:
2587:
2565:
2545:
2533:
2531:, p. 130.
2521:
2509:
2497:
2468:
2446:
2434:
2418:
2402:
2395:
2375:
2368:
2348:
2328:
2312:
2305:
2285:
2276:|journal=
2241:
2239:, p. 126.
2229:
2227:, p. 108.
2217:
2172:
2153:
2130:
2118:
2103:
2091:
2081:
2063:
2036:Didaktorika.gr
2022:
1999:
1992:
1969:
1955:
1932:
1928:Konidaris 2005
1920:
1913:
1893:
1877:Balkan Studies
1869:Douglas, Dakin
1860:
1853:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1784:
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1240:
1233:
1232:
1213:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1172:
1169:
1113:
1111:
1110:Current issues
1108:
1025:Main article:
1006:
1003:
985:
984:
965:
963:
956:
950:
947:
928:
925:
923:the military.
914:
911:
895:Cham Albanians
849:
846:
786:
783:
721:
718:
700:
697:
675:, centered in
665:Main article:
658:
657:
648:
647:
639:
638:
630:
629:
628:
627:
626:
610:
607:
574:
571:
516:community fund
474:, a native of
463:
462:Ottoman period
460:
448:
445:
443:in the south.
441:Ambracian Gulf
346:Janina Vilayet
303:
300:
233:Greek minority
213:Epiru di Nsusu
205:Epiri i Veriut
193:Βόρεια Ήπειρος
180:
179:
176:
170:
169:
159:
149:
148:
138:
132:
131:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
104:
103:
102:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
79:Present status
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
58:Epiru di Nsusu
50:Epiri i Veriut
42:Βόρεια Ήπειρος
35:
32:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9612:
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9598:
9596:
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9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9493:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9476:Eastern Greek
9474:
9472:
9469:
9468:
9466:
9462:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9441:
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9328:
9325:
9323:
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9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9302:Crimean Tatar
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
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9275:
9274:
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9209:
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9168:
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9146:
9143:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9095:
9089:
9088:Cham Albanian
9086:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9053:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9026:
9022:
9016:
9015:North Catalan
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
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8967:
8966:
8964:
8960:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8939:
8933:
8932:Greek Cypriot
8930:
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8912:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8902:
8896:
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8777:
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8754:
8751:
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8709:
8706:
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8658:
8655:
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8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8607:Greece in WWI
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8577:Balkan League
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
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8507:
8504:
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8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8402:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8390:Hellenization
8388:
8386:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8329:
8328:Armenia Minor
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8243:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8163:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8099:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8043:
8038:
8036:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8005:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7975:Andreas Tatos
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7960:Sotiris Ninis
7958:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7917:Zachos Milios
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7846:Takis Tsiakos
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:Benefactors:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7742:Organizations
7739:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7588:
7584:
7579:
7575:
7568:
7565:
7562:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7501:
7495:
7492:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7363:
7358:
7356:
7351:
7349:
7344:
7343:
7340:
7326:
7325:
7321:
7320:ethnic groups
7317:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7269:Local (China)
7267:
7266:
7264:
7260:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7133:Herzeg-Bosnia
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6374:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5979:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5913:in Bangladesh
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:Southern Asia
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:South America
5691:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:North America
5629:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5306:
5302:
5295:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5264:9783643107930
5260:
5256:
5255:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5205:
5197:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5173:
5169:
5167:1-903584-35-3
5163:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5127:on 2016-03-03
5123:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5105:0-7156-3201-9
5101:
5097:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5045:The Illyrians
5040:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5007:0-7156-3201-9
5003:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4965:0-521-80872-3
4961:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:. Duckworth.
4782:
4781:
4775:
4771:
4769:0-521-23447-6
4765:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4653:, p. 68.
4652:
4651:Gregorič 2008
4647:
4636:
4629:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4604:
4598:, p. 14.
4597:
4592:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4506:
4500:
4484:
4478:
4462:
4456:
4440:
4434:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4343:
4342:www.state.gov
4336:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4212:, p. 29.
4211:
4206:
4197:
4190:
4184:
4177:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4131:on 2010-08-08
4127:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4075:
4068:
4063:
4057:, p. 99.
4056:
4051:
4044:(2): 430–431.
4043:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4002:on 2013-09-23
3998:
3991:
3984:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3945:on 2012-11-14
3941:
3934:
3927:
3911:
3905:
3898:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3868:
3866:
3857:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3752:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3683:0-203-24465-6
3679:
3675:
3674:
3666:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3634:
3628:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3539:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3499:
3498:Pettifer 2001
3494:
3492:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3336:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3298:, p. 10.
3297:
3296:Pettifer 2001
3292:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3062:9781786732620
3058:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2830:
2829:1-4067-0758-9
2826:
2822:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2774:, p. 54.
2773:
2768:
2762:, p. 52.
2761:
2756:
2750:, p. 30.
2749:
2744:
2736:
2729:
2721:
2719:9781442644359
2715:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2678:
2672:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2606:
2605:Pettifer 2001
2601:
2599:
2590:
2588:9780748624782
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2562:Stickney 1926
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:Pettifer 2001
2537:
2530:
2525:
2519:, p. 81.
2518:
2513:
2507:, p. 79.
2506:
2501:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2431:1-55164-105-4
2428:
2422:
2416:
2415:0-292-71800-4
2412:
2406:
2398:
2396:0-521-23447-6
2392:
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2302:
2298:
2297:
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2268:
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2256:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2237:Gregorič 2008
2233:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2154:9783110532135
2150:
2146:
2145:
2137:
2135:
2128:, p. 92.
2127:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2082:960-213-377-5
2078:
2074:
2067:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1914:9781850657026
1910:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1856:
1854:9781850653684
1850:
1846:
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1345:
1333:
1328:
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1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1283:Minority zone
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1217:
1212:
1203:
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981:
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898:
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886:
882:
880:
876:
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866:
862:
854:
845:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
821:
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815:
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796:
792:
782:
780:
775:
774:
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766:
762:
758:
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746:
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729:
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686:
682:
678:
674:
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652:
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623:
619:
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606:
604:
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596:
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584:
579:
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560:
556:
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489:
485:
477:
473:
468:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:, such as in
422:
418:
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410:
406:
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395:
387:
379:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
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347:
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234:
230:
226:
222:
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177:
175:
174:ISO 3166 code
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
150:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
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101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
70:
65:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
30:
22:
9182:Transnistria
8446:Pavlos Melas
8364:Sazan island
8189:
8167:acquisitions
7979:
7965:Panajot Pano
7955:Pyrros Dimas
7951:
7893:
7884:Vangjel Dule
7869:Fredi Beleri
7865:
7828:Literature:
7827:
7782:
7658:
7609:
7539:
7472:Klisura Pass
7436:
7315:
7314:
7243:Székely Land
7208:Pashtunistan
7192:
7058:Balawaristan
6831:South Slavic
6821:Scandinavian
6351:Volga Region
5965:in Sri Lanka
5823:Eastern Asia
5684:Puerto Rican
5499:North Africa
5483:Nationalisms
5345:
5341:
5321:
5304:
5300:
5284:
5280:
5253:
5241:the original
5222:
5184:
5172:the original
5153:
5129:. Retrieved
5122:the original
5094:
5066:
5044:
5016:
4996:
4975:
4953:
4941:
4920:
4886:
4880:
4873:Green, Sarah
4830:
4824:
4800:
4779:
4758:
4733:
4720:Bibliography
4706:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4665:, p. 3.
4663:Vickers 2002
4658:
4646:
4635:the original
4622:
4613:
4603:
4591:
4579:. Retrieved
4574:
4565:
4547:
4535:. Retrieved
4530:
4521:
4509:. Retrieved
4507:. athensnews
4499:
4489:30 September
4487:. Retrieved
4477:
4467:27 September
4465:. Retrieved
4455:
4445:27 September
4443:. Retrieved
4433:
4423:24 September
4421:. Retrieved
4417:the original
4407:
4395:. Retrieved
4391:the original
4386:
4376:
4368:the original
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4341:
4329:
4317:
4305:. Retrieved
4290:
4283:
4271:
4251:
4244:
4232:. Retrieved
4227:
4217:
4205:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4133:. Retrieved
4126:the original
4121:
4112:
4102:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4004:. Retrieved
3997:the original
3983:
3973:13 September
3971:. Retrieved
3967:
3958:
3947:. Retrieved
3940:the original
3926:
3916:13 September
3914:. Retrieved
3904:
3887:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3864:
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3840:the original
3825:
3815:September 6,
3813:. Retrieved
3809:the original
3799:
3788:. Retrieved
3773:
3766:
3756:September 6,
3754:. Retrieved
3745:
3736:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3710:the original
3700:
3672:
3665:
3644:
3638:. p. 3.
3627:
3617:September 6,
3615:. Retrieved
3611:the original
3583:
3575:
3568:. Retrieved
3564:the original
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3515:the original
3505:
3500:, p. 6.
3467:
3457:
3430:
3423:
3415:the original
3410:
3401:
3382:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3315:
3291:
3271:
3264:
3240:(1): 64–69.
3237:
3233:
3223:
3215:
3208:. Retrieved
3182:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3151:
3139:
3134:, p. 7.
3132:Allcock 1992
3112:. Retrieved
3107:
3103:
3093:
3051:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3004:
2985:
2973:
2953:
2946:
2923:
2916:
2892:
2871:
2843:
2836:
2820:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2734:
2728:
2708:
2701:
2676:
2675:Griffith W.
2671:
2660:. Retrieved
2656:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2619:
2612:
2607:, p. 5.
2578:
2568:
2543:, p. 4.
2536:
2524:
2512:
2500:
2481:
2471:
2462:
2449:
2444:, p. 8.
2437:
2421:
2405:
2385:
2378:
2358:
2351:
2331:
2321:
2315:
2295:
2288:
2267:cite journal
2244:
2232:
2220:
2212:
2205:. Retrieved
2182:
2175:
2166:Akrokeraunia
2165:
2161:
2158:
2143:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2094:
2086:
2072:
2066:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1982:
1960:. Retrieved
1945:
1930:, p. 66
1923:
1903:
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1876:
1863:
1843:
1836:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1778:
1723:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1531:
1522:
1473:
1464:
1400:Albanisation
1389:
1357:
1339:
1331:
1307:
1286:
1265:
1236:
1223:
1215:
1191:
1182:
1165:
1152:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1083:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1041:
1030:
1005:Demographics
991:
988:
975:
967:
949:Recent years
930:
916:
899:
887:
883:
875:Soviet Union
867:
863:
859:
838:
822:
809:protectorate
806:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
738:
733:
730:
723:
702:
693:
670:
588:
567:
531:Orlov Revolt
528:
481:
402:
400:Eordaikos).
358:Ionian coast
340:
336:
319:
317:
280:
249:
197:Vória Ípiros
196:
184:
183:
99:Other cities
89:Biggest city
9191:Netherlands
8948:Greenlandic
8888:Herzegovina
8810:nationalism
8799:regionalism
8582:Balkan Wars
8318:Paphlagonia
8212:Other areas
8196:Smyrna Zone
8106:Annexations
8049:Megali Idea
7942:Spyromilios
7879:Spiro Ksera
7836:Katina Papa
7809:Simon Sinas
7775:Individuals
7662:Gjirokastër
7648:Antipatreia
7603:Settlements
7592:Dryinopolis
7545:(Moscopole)
7543:New Academy
7506:and culture
7452:Morava–Ivan
7248:Tamil Eelam
7228:Saraikistan
7108:Hatay State
7063:Balochistan
7017:Wallmapuwen
6711:Bangladeshi
6183:Montenegrin
6087:Azerbaijani
6051:Pan-Turkism
5792:Palestinian
5735:Middle East
5643:Greenlandic
5547:East Africa
4581:11 December
4537:11 December
4441:. ethnos.gr
4387:Athens News
4307:13 February
4276:Ruches 1965
3716:25 November
3114:6 September
2876:Ruches 1965
2636:10 February
2126:Wilkes 1996
1294:Gjirokastër
1260:Gjirokastër
1155:World War I
1042:In general
814:Axis powers
677:Gjirokastër
543:Spyromilios
472:Spyromilios
362:Lake Prespa
260:World War I
252:Balkan Wars
126:Gjirokastër
93:Gjirokastër
9589:Categories
9379:Andalusian
9297:Circassian
9138:Kazakhstan
8886:Bosnia and
8834:Azerbaijan
8803:separatism
8238:Cappadocia
8219:Asia Minor
8155:Dodecanese
8073:Greek Plan
8056:Background
7814:Alexandros
7618:Vouthroton
7551:(Qestorat)
7540:Education:
7534:Lasso fund
7519:Laiko Vima
7477:Trebeshina
7294:Indigenous
7238:Sindhudesh
7218:Santa Cruz
7138:Hutu Power
7068:Bangsamoro
6659:Australian
6634:Lithuanian
6549:Andalusian
6327:Circassian
6291:Belarusian
6239:in Austria
6173:Macedonian
6129:in Albania
6018:Vietnamese
5852:Hongkonger
5845:chauvinist
5526:Pharaonism
5131:2009-05-16
5055:0631198075
4811:0521224969
4511:17 October
4397:4 November
4348:20 October
4135:2010-09-02
4006:2016-01-30
3949:2008-09-16
3790:2010-08-27
3352:Clogg 2002
3013:Green 2012
2863:1000695918
2831:, page 41.
2772:Manta 2005
2760:Manta 2005
2748:Manta 2005
2662:2024-09-01
2517:Clogg 2002
2505:Clogg 2002
2306:1400847761
2038:(Thesis).
1962:26 January
1887:2010-11-09
1451:References
1226:March 2023
978:April 2020
557:. Another
451:See also:
437:Ionian Sea
370:Vjosë/Aoos
9434:Valencian
9429:Navarrese
9404:Castilian
9384:Aragonese
9358:Vojvodina
9230:Kashubian
9114:Sardinian
9041:Javakheti
9031:Abkhazian
8812:in Europe
8807:stateless
8795:Movements
8353:Monastiri
8349:Pelagonia
8334:Commagene
8323:Chamanene
8303:Pamphylia
8176:(1920–23)
8165:Temporary
8137:Macedonia
7866:Politics:
7791:Evangelos
7712:Moscopole
7643:Antigonia
7628:Apollonia
7581:Ancient:
7577:Geography
7563:(Dropull)
7390:Chaonians
7198:Occitania
7183:Manchukuo
7173:Lezgistan
7168:Kurdistan
7113:Hazarajat
7098:Circassia
6860:Movements
6811:Pakistani
6786:Mongolian
6726:Congolese
6639:Norwegian
6629:Icelandic
6594:Valencian
6589:Navarrese
6574:Castilian
6554:Aragonese
6518:Sardinian
6301:Ukrainian
6271:Slovenian
6251:Hungarian
6166:in Cyprus
6146:Aromanian
6134:in Kosovo
6039:Mongolian
5955:Sinhalese
5925:Dravidian
5882:Taiwanese
5830:Cantonese
5807:in Cyprus
5777:Jordanian
5700:Argentine
5672:Caribbean
5663:Québécois
5611:Afrikaner
5362:140687333
5204:cite book
4911:220744145
4903:2575-1433
4857:0094-0496
4531:en.sae.gr
4463:. enet.gr
3964:"Albania"
3910:"Albania"
3256:2732-6586
1883:: 372–374
1829:Citations
1563:Souliotēs
1539:(Vjose)."
1242:Education
1136:Education
871:Comintern
512:Moscopole
492:Moscopole
425:Apollonia
421:Illyrians
398:Εορδαϊκός
352:north of
278:in 1941.
209:Aromanian
136:Time zone
54:Aromanian
9567:See also
9553:Scottish
9471:Assyrian
9414:Galician
9399:Canarian
9389:Asturian
9337:Siberian
9327:Ossetian
9312:Karelian
9235:Silesian
9177:Gagauzia
9129:Venetian
9119:Sicilian
9109:Padanian
9072:Swabians
9062:Bavarian
9046:Ossetian
9036:Adjarian
9005:Corsican
8990:Alsatian
8666:Treaties
8332:Part of
8298:Lycaonia
8293:Cataonia
8278:Bithynia
8119:Thessaly
7805:Georgios
7702:Leskovik
7633:Thronion
7613:Phoenice
7610:Ancient:
7587:Parauaea
7557:(Himara)
7487:Hill 731
7395:Omphales
7158:Katarism
7083:Chameria
7036:Projects
6841:Turanian
6836:Tunisian
6806:Oceanian
6796:Nigerian
6746:Hispanic
6741:Germanic
6731:European
6664:Hawaiian
6614:Estonian
6584:Galician
6569:Canarian
6559:Asturian
6528:Venetian
6523:Sicilian
6513:Padanian
6487:Corsican
6448:Scottish
6342:Ossetian
6261:Silesian
6244:Völkisch
6219:Bavarian
6214:Austrian
6193:Romanian
6178:Moldovan
6156:Croatian
6124:Albanian
6092:Georgian
6082:Armenian
6061:Siberian
5988:Filipino
5903:Assamese
5872:Okinawan
5857:Japanese
5787:Lebanese
5765:Diaspora
5747:Assyrian
5715:Peruvian
5624:Americas
5574:Tigrayan
5521:Egyptian
4875:(2012).
4865:40389883
4555:Archived
4234:30 April
4095:Archived
3893:Archived
3872:July 26,
3846:July 26,
3692:52071941
3390:Archived
3371:Archived
2993:Archived
2162:Keraunia
1871:(1962).
1410:Chameria
1394:See also
1342:May 2020
1252:Albanian
865:system.
771:, 1934:
767:, 1933:
763:, 1932:
759:, 1931:
755:, 1930:
751:, 1929:
747:, 1928:
743:, 1927:
685:Lunxhëri
488:Droviani
396:(Greek:
388:(Greek:
380:(Greek:
372:(Greek:
283:Cold War
241:declared
201:Albanian
46:Albanian
9533:English
9528:Cornish
9512:Luhansk
9507:Donetsk
9502:Crimean
9495:Ukraine
9481:Kurdish
9424:Murcian
9419:Leonese
9409:Catalan
9292:Chuvash
9287:Chechen
9282:Bashkir
9256:Székely
9249:Romania
9198:Frisian
9170:Moldova
9161:Ilirida
9104:Lombard
9055:Germany
9024:Georgia
9010:Occitan
8969:Ålandic
8962:Finland
8953:Faroese
8941:Denmark
8911:Istrian
8904:Croatia
8877:Walloon
8872:Flemish
8865:Belgium
8846:Kurdish
8841:Artsakh
8818:Albania
8359:Gevgeli
8355:region)
8313:Pisidia
8308:Isauria
8288:Cilicia
8273:Galatia
8268:Phrygia
8184:Tenedos
7980:Clergy:
7952:Sports:
7750:Omonoia
7717:Zvërnec
7707:Bilisht
7687:Dropull
7682:Sarandë
7677:Delvinë
7659:Modern:
7638:Amantia
7596:Kolonia
7583:Chaonia
7569:(Korçë)
7504:Society
7462:Saranda
7457:Korytsa
7400:Dexaroi
7377:History
7233:Silesia
7203:Ossetia
7178:Luhansk
7153:Karelia
7143:Ilirida
7123:Donetsk
7048:Assyria
6851:Ugandan
6816:Russian
6761:Iranian
6751:Iberian
6721:Chinese
6696:African
6652:Oceania
6624:Finnish
6619:Faroese
6579:Catalan
6544:Spanish
6508:Lombard
6503:Italian
6443:English
6438:Cornish
6433:British
6417:Walloon
6412:Occitan
6397:Flemish
6387:Arpitan
6358:Chuvash
6306:Yiddish
6296:Russian
6229:Frisian
6198:Serbian
6151:Bosniak
6056:Pashtun
5972:Tripuri
5945:Punjabi
5908:Bengali
5887:Tibetan
5835:Chinese
5802:Turkish
5782:Kurdish
5770:Zionism
5761:Jewish
5752:Iranian
5710:Mapuche
5705:Criollo
5679:Haitian
5638:Chicano
5583:Nigeria
5538:Sahrawi
5407:by the
4739:Longman
4725:History
3865:Albania
3210:10 July
3110:(1): 91
1386:Albania
1332:updated
1298:Sarandë
1269:Elbasan
1258:, near
1216:updated
1099:Elbasan
1044:Albania
1033:Albania
968:updated
933:Omonoia
920:Saranda
447:History
328:Ήπειρος
225:Albania
221:Balkans
121:Delvinë
116:Sarandë
83:Albania
9464:Turkey
9455:Scania
9443:Sweden
9394:Basque
9363:Kosovo
9351:Serbia
9322:Manchu
9317:Lezgin
9307:Ingush
9270:Russia
9223:Poland
9207:Norway
9081:Greece
9000:Breton
8995:Basque
8983:France
8920:Cyprus
8856:Talysh
8851:Lezgin
8739:(1920)
8733:(1919)
8727:(1919)
8721:(1914)
8715:(1913)
8515:Events
8395:Enosis
8369:Pontus
8339:Cyprus
8228:Aeolis
8180:Imbros
8157:(1947)
8151:(1919)
8145:(1912)
8139:(1912)
8133:(1912)
8131:Epirus
8127:(1912)
8121:(1881)
8115:(1864)
7732:Durrës
7697:Përmet
7672:Himara
7653:Oricon
7467:Himara
7289:German
7274:Racial
7118:Danzig
7103:Crimea
7088:Champa
7053:Azawad
7043:Arakan
6846:Turkic
6826:Slavic
6801:Nordic
6781:Libyan
6771:Korean
6756:Indian
6736:Finnic
6716:Celtic
6564:Basque
6482:Basque
6453:Ulster
6402:French
6392:Breton
6337:Lezgin
6332:Ingush
6266:Slovak
6256:Polish
6234:German
6110:Europe
6066:Uyghur
6034:Baloch
5950:Sindhi
5935:Meitei
5930:Hazara
5877:Ryukyu
5867:Manchu
5862:Korean
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1139:Greek.
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1048:Greece
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320:Epirus
291:Himara
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229:Greeks
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