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27:
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action would have caused major political instability and the possible resignation of his government. The opposition parties in Greece even accused
Venizelos of going beyond what was required of him to comply with the decision of the Great Powers, and instead of simply evacuating the districts, he was handing them over to the Albanians and depriving the Epirotes of any means of resistance.
254:, a former Greek foreign minister and native of the region, arrived at Gjirokaster and discussed the situation with the local representatives. In order to ensure the protection of the local population, Zografos proposed three options to the European Powers for Northern Epirus: full autonomy under the nominal sovereignty of the Prince of Albania, extensive administrative or
1094:
777:
1018:
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Great Powers, the
Protocol of Corfu was signed. The agreement recognized Northern Epirus as an autonomous and self-governing region of Albania under the suzerainty of the Albanian prince, while also acknowledging the Greek character of the area. However, due to political instability in Albania at that time, the protocol was never put into effect.
816:
468:
431:
On April 11, Epirote revolutionaries took control of Korçë, but four days later the
Albanian Gendarmerie, led by Dutch officers, recaptured the city. As a result, the Dutch arrested and expelled the Greek Orthodox bishop Germanos, since they had proof that he was the chief instigator of the uprising,
404:
The Greek Army continued with the evacuation of the region, but the process slowed down out of fear that a hasty withdrawal might offer the opportunity to irregular bands to carry out atrocities against the civilian population. As the official position of the Greek government towards the uprising was
378:
Minister of War of the provisional government. Doulis, a native of
Northern Epirus, had earlier resigned from his post as a Colonel of the Greek Army and joined the revolutionary forces of Northern Epirus. The Northern Epirote army reached the number of 5,000 men from the first days of its formation.
287:
Under these conditions and in the absence of a solution that would suffice to safeguard Epirus, a solution it would have been otherwise easy to discover, the
Epirote populace is forced to declare to the Powers that it cannot submit to their decision. It will declare its independence and will struggle
279:
Such being the new State's composition in being made up of so many heterogeneous elements and without ethnic and religious cohesion, a special organization was required by it to be capable of dispelling misgivings, of safeguarding property, of mediating the aspirations of the now divided and mutually
274:
The populace of Epirus truly believed it had the right to hope that Europe, tearing it away from Greece and stripping it of the freedom it had enjoyed for more than a year, would at least think to safeguard its existence and its ethnic heritage it was able to preserve intact through five centuries of
246:
of
Northern Epirus with Greece had already been dismissed by the Great Powers, the assembly decided that they would only accept local autonomy, or failing that, an international occupation. They also declared that the population of Northern Epirus felt betrayed by the official Greek government, which
320:
was formed to support the state's objectives. Christakis-Zografos himself became president of the provisional government. In a proclamation to the people of
Northern Epirus, Zografos maintained that their aspirations had been ignored, that the Great Powers had even denied them self-government within
262:
recruited exclusively among locals, or a period of direct control by the Great Powers for such time until foreign troops could be withdrawn without endangering the local populace. The
Northern Epirote representatives also demanded formal recognition of the particular educational and religious rights
514:
Italian and French troops evicted the Greek army from the area. In 1921 it was finally ceded to
Albania, while the Albanian Prime Minister recognized a number of the Greek minority's rights, which were soon ignored. As a result, most of the Greek schools were forced to close and Greek education was
494:
In general, the
Protocol recognized the Greek character of the region, and the Greek language acquired an official status there, next to the Albanian one. The main demands of the Northern Epirote government were accepted. However, a number of issues were not granted, in particular the extension of
452:
of Albania asked the Commission, which represented the Albanian government, to initiate negotiations. The latter, in order to avoid a major escalation of the armed conflicts with disastrous results, decided to intervene. On May 7, Zografos received a communication to initiate negotiations on a new
145:
Zografos proclaimed that the aspirations of the people of Northern Epirus were overlooked since the Great Powers had dismissed the idea of self-government within the Albanian state. After negotiations between Albanian and Northern Epirote representatives in early May, and with the mediation of the
409:
and prohibited a demonstration in Athens in favor of the uprising. However, it cannot be doubted that the Greek government sympathized with the demands of the Northern Epirotes. In fact, the only way for Venizelos to stop the uprising would have been to declare martial law in the region, but this
506:
However, the Protocol was never implemented due to political instability in Albania. On 27 October, after approval from the Great Powers, the Greek army re-entered Northern Epirus. The Provisional Government of Northern Epirus formally ceased to exist, declaring that it accomplished its mission.
418:
On the other hand, the Albanian government, unable to deal with the Northern Epirus movement, requested that the Great Powers take measures. The Albanian government claimed that although the Greek Army was evacuating the region, it was being replaced by guerrilla fighters organized by the Greek
427:
to negotiate with the Northern Epirote representatives. Thompson met with Karapanos on March 10, and proposed a limited local administration for Northern Epirus under a Christian governor in addition to guarantees of religious and educational rights. Thompson's initiative was dismissed by the
192:
By the terms of the Protocol of Florence, the Greek government was obliged to evacuate its forces from the area to the new Greco-Albanian border line. The Greek government however raised concerns about the evacuation process of the Greek forces, pointing out to the Great Powers that the newly
321:
the Albanian state, as well as guarantees for the protection of life, property, religious freedom and of their national existence. The proclamation also called upon the Epirotes to make every sacrifice defending the integrity of Northern Epirus and its liberties from any attack whatsoever:
213:
was based. Meanwhile, the Greek authorities reassured the local Greek population that the Greek government would undertake initiatives to secure for them recognition of minority status and rights in Albanian legislation. The Greek authorities also warned the population of the town of
846:: "Albanian gendarmerie under the command of Dutch Major Shneller managed to crush the revolt and to restore order. The Dutch, having proof that Metropolitan Germanos was chief instigator of the rising, arrested him and other members of the town council and sent them to Elbasan."
282:
Nevertheless, we believe it is impossible for Europe to be ignorant of the fate that awaits the Greek populace it wishes to hand over to Albania—a populace whose number, according even to Ottoman statistics, is greater than 130,000 and which comprises the majority in the areas
356:
On the same day, Zografos sent a telegram to Korçë urging the people to follow the example of the rest of the Northern Epirotes. However, on March 1, under the terms of the Protocol of Florence the town surrendered to the Albanian Gendarmerie. The Greek Prime Minister,
432:
as well as other members of the town council. After the complete withdrawal of the Greek Army from the region on April 28, conflicts between the Northern Epirote forces and Albanian gendarmes broke out in several locations. Intense fighting occurred in the region of
271:
The Panepirotic Assembly gathered in Argyrokastro has charged us to request that you agree to call the attention of your Governments to the condition created for the Greek Orthodox Christians who have been put in Albania's possession by the declaration of the
121:
assigned it to the newly established Albanian state, a decision that was rejected by the local Greek population. As the Greek army withdrew to the new border, a Panepirotic Assembly was organized by the representatives of Northern Epirus in
348:
of Korytsa. On the day of the declaration, Zografos notified the International Control Commission of his appointment as president of the provisional government and announced that the Epirotes would regard any attempt by the newly founded
436:, north of Gjirokastër, where Albanian gendarmerie units tried unsuccessfully to infiltrate southwardly, facing resistance from the Northern Epirote forces. On the other hand, the Epirotes managed to advance and gain control of
365:
to the Albanian units, before the population could join the uprising too. As a result, bishop Spyridon, who planned to become the head of the autonomy movement in this region, was arrested and expelled by the Greek authorities.
327:
Gathered in Argyrokastro, the Constituent Assembly of the delegates summoned by the will of the people has declared the formation of the Autonomous State of Northern Epirus, comprising the provinces the Greek Army is forced to
267:, the Assembly claimed the same privileges and autonomous status it had enjoyed during the Ottoman era. On February 22, Zografos sent a note to the representatives of the Great Powers where he addressed the present situation:
765:
538:
379:
The army's core consisted mainly of former members of the Greek Army, some of whom were of local Epirote ancestry. With the support of irregular volunteer units it reached a total manpower of approximately 10,000.
1056:"Greek troops crossed the southern Albanian border at the end of October 1914, officially reoccupying all of southern Albania, exclusive of Vlora, and establishing a military administration by 27 October 1914."
193:
established Albanian state was unable to secure the region immediately. In particular the Greek government and the local population feared the possibility of reprisals and atrocities at the hands of Albanian
369:
In his speech on 2 March, Zografos concluded that the Northern Epirotes, after five centuries of Ottoman occupation, would not accept the destiny which the Powers had imposed upon them. The following days
447:
By early May, the Albanian authorities, being unable to suppress the movement in Northern Epirus, became willing to start discussions with the intervention of the International Commission. Thus, Prince
487:. According to this agreement, Northern Epirus, which consisted of the regions surrounding the cities of Gjirokastër and Korçë would be an autonomous, fully self-governing part of Albania under the
2070:
Includes localities with a substantial ethnic Greek population, or otherwise with any kind of cultural or other type of significance, historical or current, for the Greek minority in Albania.
1262:
222:
Albanian units led by Dutch officers from the International Commission, whereas the Greek forces would fire upon any irregular Albanian bands who attempted to enter the region.
218:(Greek: Korytsa) that any action against incorporation into Albania would be fruitless. They also insisted that the Greek army would only hand over control of the region to
483:. Finally, on May 17, 1914, the representatives of Northern Epirus and Albania signed an agreement that granted the chief demands of the Epirotes and became known as the
186:
131:
1291:
247:
not only refused to provide arms, but also agreed to withdraw gradually in order to allow the Albanian forces to proceed with the occupation of Northern Epirus.
353:
to cross their border as an act of hostility and would resist it. The Autonomous Northern Epirus also included Himara, Delvino, Sarandë, and Përmet (Premeti).
1341:
710:
Kondis, 1976: p. 93: "Chimara was the center of an autonomous district consisting of seven villages and its inhabitants had often revolted against the Turks"
345:
1590:
1319:
1255:
1006:... the Protocol of Corfu (May 1914) gave a measure of autonomy to the region where the Greek language became the official language together with Albanian.
612:
Cassavetes, N. J. (1919, April). The Case of Northern Epirus. In Current History and Forum (Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 68). CH publishing corporation, etc.
2099:
1508:
1248:
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higher officials in the main towns of the autonomous area and the exemption from military service of the local population, even in time of war.
230:
Before the evacuation of the Greek Army began, an assembly of representatives of Northern Epirus, the "Panepirotic Assembly of Argyrokastro" (
1421:
720:
82:
600:
571:
2104:
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The representatives of both sides met for negotiations in Sarandë, but the final negotiations took place in the nearby island of
1493:
1271:
139:
58:
2089:
1231:
1210:
1189:
1134:
581:
134:, they decided that only autonomy or alternatively an international occupation would be appropriate for the region. Finally,
942:
The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-Communist Europe: State-Building, Democracy, and Ethnic Mobilization
162:
and advanced further north. Thus, after the end of the war Greece controlled the historical region of Epirus. However the
1821:
198:
1104:
999:
949:
210:
1030:
Guy, Nicola (2007). "The Albanian Question in British Policy and the Italian Intervention, August 1914-April 1915".
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the area in which the Greek population would enjoy education in its native language in the regions around Vlorë and
1555:
1414:
722:
Albanian historical folksongs, 1716-1943: a survey of oral epic poetry from southern Albania, with original texts
109:. The region of Northern Epirus, which corresponds to modern-day southern Albania, came under the control of the
2072:
Includes individuals not necessarily of Greek ethnicity but with important contributions to Greek civilization.
201:, an organization set up by the Great Powers to secure peace and stability in the region, the Greek prefect of
2109:
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Von den Balkankriegen zum Ersten Weltkrieg: Kleinstaatenpolitik und ethnische Selbstbestimmung auf dem Balkan
1935:
1826:
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166:(May 1913) and the Protocol of Florence (December 1913) awarded the northern part to the newly established
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1958:
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1407:
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1973:
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The declaration was also signed by the heads of the local Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishoprics:
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1604:
1533:
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Consequently, on 28 February 1914, the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus was declared and a
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106:
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1902:
1811:
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In May 1914, the Great Powers signed the Protocol of Corfu, which recognized the area as Greek
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8:
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that of strict neutrality, Prime Minister Venizelos ordered the blockade of the port of
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The following week a number of cities declared their autonomy: Himara, Gjirokaster,
2031:
1998:
1983:
1963:
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Picture of the official ceremony of the declaration in Gjirokastër, March 1, 1914.
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Southern Albania or Northern Epirus in European International Affairs, 1912–1923
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basis and accepted the proposal. Thus, an armistice was ordered the next day.
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48:
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1907:
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of the local Greek Orthodox population. Moreover, for the coastal region of
174:) of Ergiri and Görice, became then known by the Greeks as Northern Epirus (
2026:
2016:
1945:
1930:
1157:(Thesis). Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies, New York University.
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499:(in central Albania, to the north of Northern Epirus), the appointment of
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361:, immediately ordered the withdrawal and handover of the nearby region of
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2003:
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Manufacturing Homogeneity in the Modern Albanian Nation-Building Project
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Armed uprising of "Northern Epirus" against incorporation into Albania,
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hostile elements and of allowing them to develop in peace and safety.
170:. This area which roughly coincided to the former Ottoman provinces (
101:
occurred on February 28, 1914, as a reaction to the incorporation of
1793:
1758:
1399:
539:"The Diplomacy of the Great Powers and the Balkan States, 1908–1914"
496:
1763:
1674:
1648:
1456:
1096:
Badlands-borderlands: a history of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania
991:
History of the Balkans : from Mohammed the Conqueror to Stalin
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groups. In order to arrange the details of the evacuation with the
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1684:
206:
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1699:
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has a dual meaning, it can mean either independent or autonomous.
341:
158:(1912-1913), the Greek Army breached the Ottoman defences in the
130:
of Northern Epirus with Greece had already been dismissed by the
62:
400:
of 1919, by the exiled provisional government of Northern Epirus
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1714:
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437:
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243:
171:
127:
471:
Picture of the negotiations that led to the Protocol of Corfu.
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arrived in Albania and immediately ordered the Dutch colonel
202:
138:, the head of the assembly, declared the independence of the
433:
1270:
1129:(in German). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 418.
573:
The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece
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915:
826:
824:
413:
73:
Delegates of the "Panepirotic Assembly of Argyrokastro"
912:
1202:
Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization
821:
994:. Boulder: East European Monographs p. 385.
419:authorities. Meanwhile, on March 7, 1914, Prince
288:for its existence, its traditions and its rights.
2081:
189:was unpopular among the local Greek population.
31:Part of the Declaration of Independence document
565:
563:
1415:
1256:
697:
695:
693:
691:
576:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 28.
1181:Ottoman Empire and its Successors, 1801-1927
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99:Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence
20:Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence
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643:
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250:The Assembly triggered a series of events.
242:(Greek: Argyrokastro). Given the fact that
126:(Greek: Argyrokastro). Given the fact that
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83:Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
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396:Map of Northern Epirus presented to the
391:
307:
533:
374:became Minister of Foreign Affairs and
236:Πανηπειρωτική Συνδιάσκεψη Αργυροκάστρου
225:
2100:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
2082:
1494:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
1272:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
1177:
1150:
939:
524:
140:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
59:Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
1509:Greco-Italian War in southern Albania
1429:
1403:
1244:
944:. Armonk, N.Y.: Sharpe. p. 171.
238:), took place on 13 February 1914 at
1347:Bishop Spyridon of Vella and Konitsa
414:Diplomatic and military developments
117:of 1912–13. However, the subsequent
1822:Panepirotic Federation of Australia
1029:
510:In 1916 due to the developments of
199:International Commission of Control
13:
1099:. London: Duckworth. p. 135.
1038:(1). Taylor and Francis: 109–131.
14:
2126:
1817:Panepirotic Federation of America
1591:Postage stamps and postal history
1220:Stickney, Edith Pierpont (1926).
1205:. Ekdotike Athenon. p. 480.
211:provisional government of Albania
1556:Northern Epirus Liberation Front
1326:Bishop Vasileios of Dryinoupolis
1290:
53:
25:
16:1914 declaration of independence
2105:1914 in international relations
1324:Justice and Religious Affairs:
1147:. University of Budapest, 2008.
1092:
1086:
1077:
1074:Stickney, 1926, pp. 57–64
1068:
1059:
1023:
1011:
981:
940:editor, Jonathan Stein (2000).
933:
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885:
876:
867:
858:
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833:
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791:
770:
758:
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515:allowed only in certain areas.
615:
606:
570:Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002).
303:
1:
1226:. Stanford University Press.
1219:
1154:Greece and Albania: 1908-1914
842:Greece and Albania, 1908-1914
518:
149:
2090:Declarations of independence
1936:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
1827:Unity for Human Rights Party
1284:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
456:
387:
382:
252:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
136:Georgios Christakis-Zografos
7:
2060:Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis
1959:Kyriakoulis Argyrokastritis
1379:Declaration of Independence
1199:Sakellariou, M. V. (1997).
1122:
988:Castellan, Georges (1992).
105:into the newly established
40:February 28 – March 2, 1914
10:
2131:
1342:Bishop Germanos of Korytsa
1116:
460:
2068:
2050:Vasileios of Dryinoupolis
1835:
1802:
1664:
1638:
1586:Polyphonic song of Epirus
1564:
1437:
1371:
1355:
1334:
1299:
1288:
1278:
1044:10.1080/09592290601163035
725:. Argonaut, 1967, p. 104.
235:
179:
77:
69:
44:
36:
24:
1974:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis
1544:Italian spring offensive
1178:Miller, William (1966).
1093:Winnifrith, Tom (2002).
1032:Diplomacy and Statecraft
930:O' Brien, 2008: p. 65-66
491:of the Albanian prince.
440:and further advanced on
185:). This decision by the
1123:Boeckh, Katrin (1996).
428:Northern Epirote side.
168:Principality of Albania
107:Principality of Albania
1903:Konstantinos Skenderis
1151:Kondis, Basil (1976).
1143:Tara Ashley O' Brien.
472:
401:
398:Paris Peace Conference
330:
318:provisional government
313:
290:
258:-type autonomy with a
1652:Medieval and modern:
1489:Himara revolt of 1912
921:Stickney, 1926, p. 50
909:Stickney, 1926, p. 48
891:Stickney, 1926: p. 49
864:Stickney, 1926: p. 46
797:Stickney, 1926: p. 44
701:Stickney, 1926: p. 47
685:Stickney, 1926: p. 43
633:Stickney, 1926: p. 45
470:
461:Further information:
395:
359:Eleftherios Venizelos
323:
311:
269:
187:European Great Powers
132:European Great Powers
81:Establishment of the
2110:February 1914 events
1956:Military/Resistance:
1918:Stavrianos Vistiaris
1893:Theodore Kavalliotis
1617:Acroceraunian School
1308:Alexandros Karapanos
1083:Miller, 1966, p. 537
1065:Miller, 1966, p. 522
900:Kondis, 1976: p. 131
882:Kondis, 1976: p. 130
873:Miller, 1966, p. 519
855:Boeckh, 1996, p. 115
839:Kondis Basil, 1976,
830:Kondis, 1976: p. 128
806:Kondis, 1976: p. 129
755:Kondis, 1976: p. 125
671:Kondis, 1976: p. 123
649:Kondis, 1976: p. 124
372:Alexandros Karapanos
351:Albanian Gendarmerie
296:(Agioi Saranta) and
226:Panepirotic Assembly
119:Protocol of Florence
2055:Panteleimon Kotokos
1885:Christakis Zografos
1857:Konstantinos Zappas
1611:Zographeion College
1474:Revolt of 1567-1572
1469:Despotate of Epirus
1389:Assembly of Delvino
1017:Sakellariou, 1997:
719:Pyrrhus J. Ruches.
621:Boeckh 1996: p. 112
21:
2009:Spyros Spyromilios
1994:Vasileios Sachinis
1363:Spyros Spyromilios
1356:Captain of Himara:
1320:Ioannis Parmenidis
1312:Military Affairs:
1163:10.12681/eadd/4724
973:has generic name (
764:Sakellariou 1997:
599:in Greek the term
473:
402:
314:
19:
2077:
2076:
1989:Ioannis Poutetsis
1969:Nikolaos Dailakis
1880:Michael Vasileiou
1623:Dhuvjan Monastery
1576:Himariote dialect
1504:Protocol of Corfu
1431:Greeks in Albania
1397:
1396:
1384:Protocol of Corfu
1306:Foreign Affairs:
1233:978-0-8047-6171-0
1212:978-960-213-371-2
1191:978-0-7146-1974-3
1136:978-3-486-56173-9
583:978-1-85065-702-6
485:Protocol of Corfu
463:Protocol of Corfu
336:of Dryinoupolis,
95:
94:
90:Protocol of Corfu
2122:
2045:Photios Kalpidis
2032:Leonidas Sabanis
1999:Georgios Soulios
1984:Athanasios Pipis
1964:Dimitrios Doulis
1923:Andreas Zarbalas
1629:Bangas Gymnasium
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1314:Dimitrios Doulis
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819:
813:
807:
804:
798:
795:
789:
788:Boeckh 1996: 114
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
753:
738:
734:Stickney, 1926:
732:
726:
717:
711:
708:
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672:
669:
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631:
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619:
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567:
558:
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555:
554:
531:
425:Lodewijk Thomson
376:Dimitrios Doulis
237:
181:
164:Treaty of London
156:First Balkan War
57:
51:(Argyrokastro),
29:
22:
18:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2064:
1951:Vasilis Bolanos
1848:Apostol Arsache
1831:
1798:
1719:
1660:
1651:
1634:
1600:
1567:
1560:
1499:Northern Epirus
1433:
1428:
1398:
1393:
1367:
1351:
1330:
1295:
1286:
1274:
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1234:
1213:
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1171:10442/hedi/4724
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465:
459:
450:William of Wied
421:William of Wied
416:
390:
385:
326:
306:
284:
281:
276:
273:
228:
183:Voreios Ipiros'
180:Βόρειος Ήπειρος
152:
103:Northern Epirus
88:
86:
52:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2115:1914 documents
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2066:
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2063:
2062:
2057:
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2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Tasos Vidouris
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1862:Ioannis Pangas
1859:
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1541:
1536:
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1526:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Revolt of 1878
1481:
1479:Revolt of 1854
1476:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1447:Ancient Epirus
1443:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1427:
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1404:
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1105:
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932:
923:
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875:
866:
857:
848:
832:
820:
815:Kondis, 1976:
808:
799:
790:
781:
776:Kondis, 1976:
769:
757:
739:
727:
712:
703:
687:
673:
651:
635:
623:
614:
605:
589:
582:
559:
543:Balkan Studies
535:Douglas, Dakin
522:
520:
517:
501:Greek Orthodox
458:
455:
415:
412:
389:
386:
384:
381:
305:
302:
275:harsh tyranny.
227:
224:
151:
148:
93:
92:
79:
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71:
67:
66:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
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30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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2043:
2040:
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2037:Andreas Tatos
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Sotiris Ninis
2020:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Zachos Milios
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
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1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
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1932:
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1926:
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1911:
1909:
1908:Takis Tsiakos
1906:
1904:
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1846:
1845:Benefactors:
1843:
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1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
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1807:
1805:
1804:Organizations
1801:
1795:
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1229:
1225:
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1218:
1214:
1208:
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1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:. Routledge.
1183:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
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1128:
1127:
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1120:
1108:
1106:0-7156-3201-9
1102:
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1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
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1037:
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1020:
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1007:
1003:
1001:9780880332224
997:
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992:
984:
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953:
951:9780765605283
947:
943:
936:
927:
918:
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870:
861:
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845:
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836:
827:
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803:
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779:
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682:
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579:
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566:
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548:
544:
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516:
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508:
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502:
498:
492:
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486:
482:
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454:
451:
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429:
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411:
408:
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394:
380:
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373:
367:
364:
360:
354:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
322:
319:
310:
301:
299:
295:
289:
285:
283:sacrificed...
277:
268:
266:
261:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
233:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
190:
188:
184:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
147:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
91:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2041:
2027:Panajot Pano
2017:Pyrros Dimas
2013:
1955:
1946:Vangjel Dule
1931:Fredi Beleri
1927:
1890:Literature:
1889:
1844:
1720:
1671:
1601:
1534:Klisura Pass
1378:
1375:
1222:
1201:
1180:
1153:
1125:
1095:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1013:
1005:
990:
983:
971:|last1=
955:
941:
935:
926:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
841:
835:
811:
802:
793:
784:
772:
760:
730:
721:
715:
706:
617:
608:
572:
551:. Retrieved
546:
542:
509:
505:
493:
474:
446:
430:
417:
403:
368:
355:
340:of Vela and
331:
324:
315:
291:
286:
278:
270:
249:
229:
209:, where the
191:
182:
160:Epirus front
153:
144:
111:Greek forces
98:
96:
70:Participants
2095:Gjirokastër
2004:Spyromilios
1941:Spiro Ksera
1898:Katina Papa
1871:Simon Sinas
1837:Individuals
1724:Gjirokastër
1710:Antipatreia
1665:Settlements
1654:Dryinopolis
1607:(Moscopole)
1605:New Academy
1568:and culture
1514:Morava–Ivan
512:World War I
444:and Korçë.
304:Declaration
300:(Delvino).
260:gendarmerie
244:unification
240:Gjirokaster
154:During the
124:Gjirokastër
115:Balkan Wars
113:during the
49:Gjirokastër
2084:Categories
1876:Alexandros
1680:Vouthroton
1613:(Qestorat)
1602:Education:
1596:Lasso fund
1581:Laiko Vima
1539:Trebeshina
1300:Ministers:
1279:President:
844:p. 129-130
553:2010-11-09
519:References
489:suzerainty
328:abandon...
150:Background
1928:Politics:
1853:Evangelos
1774:Moscopole
1705:Antigonia
1690:Apollonia
1643:Ancient:
1639:Geography
1625:(Dropull)
1452:Chaonians
1376:Timeline:
1318:Finance:
1052:153894515
963:cite book
601:autonomos
549:: 372–374
457:Aftermath
388:In Greece
383:Reactions
334:Vasileios
325:Epirotes:
205:moved to
195:irregular
1867:Georgios
1764:Leskovik
1695:Thronion
1675:Phoenice
1672:Ancient:
1649:Parauaea
1619:(Himara)
1549:Hill 731
1457:Omphales
1335:Members:
537:(1962).
346:Germanos
338:Spyridon
256:cantonal
45:Location
2042:Clergy:
2014:Sports:
1812:Omonoia
1779:Zvërnec
1769:Bilisht
1749:Dropull
1744:Sarandë
1739:Delvinë
1721:Modern:
1700:Amantia
1658:Kolonia
1645:Chaonia
1631:(Korçë)
1566:Society
1524:Saranda
1519:Korytsa
1462:Dexaroi
1439:History
1117:Sources
442:Frashër
407:Sarandë
363:Kolonjë
342:Konitsa
298:Delvinë
294:Sarandë
272:Powers.
220:regular
172:sanjaks
78:Outcome
63:Albania
1794:Durrës
1759:Përmet
1734:Himara
1715:Oricon
1529:Himara
1230:
1209:
1188:
1133:
1103:
1050:
1019:p. 387
998:
948:
817:p. 126
778:p. 127
766:p. 380
580:
497:Durrës
481:Greece
438:Erseka
265:Himara
1789:Berat
1784:Vlorë
1754:Pogon
1729:Korçë
1685:Avlon
1048:S2CID
736:p. 42
477:Corfu
232:Greek
216:Korçë
207:Vlorë
203:Corfu
176:Greek
128:union
1878:and
1869:and
1855:and
1228:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1101:ISBN
996:ISBN
975:help
946:ISBN
578:ISBN
434:Cepo
344:and
97:The
37:Date
1167:hdl
1159:doi
1040:doi
2086::
1656:,
1647:,
1165:.
1046:.
1036:18
1034:.
1004:.
967::
965:}}
961:{{
954:.
914:^
823:^
742:^
690:^
676:^
654:^
638:^
626:^
592:^
562:^
545:.
541:.
526:^
479:,
234::
178::
142:.
1423:e
1416:t
1409:v
1264:e
1257:t
1250:v
1236:.
1215:.
1194:.
1173:.
1169::
1161::
1139:.
1109:.
1054:.
1042::
977:)
586:.
556:.
547:3
85:,
65:)
61:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
