395:, called for an inquiry into the headman system. A commission was formed made up of retired civil servants and lawyers headed by H.M. Wedderburn. The commission reported on reforming the headman system or replacing it with a transferable appointment. Based on the recommendations of the Wedderburn commission report, the government closed the native department in 1937, thus abolishing the posts of district headmen and replacing these with that of transferable District Revenue Officer (DRO). Serving headmen were given the option of early retirement on the basis of abolition of office or to continue in their jurisdiction as the DRO. The titles of
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not the headquarters of provinces. The districts are divided into chief headmen's divisions, of which there are 110; these contain some 613 subdivisions under superior headmen, and the subdivisions include about 4,000 villages and hamlets each under a village headman. The chief, superior and village headmen are known by different titles in the
Kandyan, Low-Country Sinhalese and Tamil districts.
359:
For purposes of general administration, the Island is divided into nine provinces and nineteen
Revenue (which are also electoral) Districts. The provinces are under Government Agents, most of whom are aided by Assistant Government Agents, the latter residing at the headquarters of districts which are
355:
The
Headman Commission of 1922 states that "under the existing system each village or group of small villages is placed under the supervision of minor headman known as Gam Arachchi in Kandyan areas and police vidane or police headman in low country. The positions above those headmen were Korala in
321:
Every district is subdivided into Pattus or
Korales. These Pattus are divided into villages, hamlets, etc. Pattus are presided over by Mudaliyars and Muhandirams in low country districts, Ratemahattayas and Korales in the Kandyan provinces, Maniyars and Udayars in the Tamil districts. The villages
317:
restructured the native headmen system. The system was transformed into a salaried system with land grants and tenured service abolished. They became the second tier of the civil administration of the island, with appointments made by the
Governor. Over the next century, the headmen grew to be a
356:
Kandyan districts; Uddaiyar in Tamil districts Vidane
Arachchi in districts of low country. The top rank above all officials was represented by Rate Mahatmaya, and Adigars in Kandyyan districts, Maniyagars and Vanniyars in Tamil Districts and Mudliers in southern provinces".
955:"Village notables in colonial Ceylon - The Village Headman was the uncrowned king of the village. He was appointed by the Government Agent from a traditional leading family in the area, in order to ensure that he received customary respect from villagers"
520:
in 1818 and changes to the administrative divisions of the island with the creation of
Districts, British Government Agents (GA) took over the duties of the Dissava (with the remaining and newly appointed Dissavas being mere honorary titles), with
525:
becoming a subordinate to the local
Government Agents and Assistant Government Agents. In the same way, after 1818 the position of the remaining and newly appointed Adigar (Maha Adigar or 1st Adigar) became mere honorary titles.
318:
powerful and affluent class, consolidating economic power through land ownership and marriage. Gradually functions of headmen were transferred to various departments that were established by the
British administration.
280:
or leaders were appointed by the
European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populace. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in
214:
or leaders were appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populace. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in
1566:
694:
An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies: Together with an Account of the Detaining in Captivity the Author and Divers other Englishmen Now Living There, and of the Author's Miraculous
544:- British Government Agent of the Province took over the duties of a Dissava (with the remaining and newly appointed Dissavas being mere honorary appointments) in 1818. Rate Mahatmayas under his supervision.
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becoming a subordinate to the local Government Agents and Assistant Government Agents. In the same way, after 1818 the position of the remaining and newly appointed
1448:
1003:
804:"Role of Government Agent in Local Administration in Sri Lanka by R.A.W. Ranasinghe Head, Department of Political Science University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"
1578:
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The headmen system in the costal and low country evolved over time under the colonial administration of the Portuguese, the Dutch and then the British.
1827:
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762:
379:
with police powers to keep the peace. "Peace Officer" were headmen appointed by a Government Agent in writing to perform rural police duties.
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powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.
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powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.
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577:(ගන් ආරච්චි) - Town Arachchi / Gan Arachchi had a Town / a village or group of small villages placed under his Administration
423:. The designation modeled on that of public servant was later changed to grama niladhari which translated to village leader.
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were retained by government to be awarded as honors. This practice remained until suspension of Ceylonese honors in 1956 by
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Rendering Unto Caesar: A Fascinating Story of One Man's Tenure Under Nine Prime Ministers and Presidents of Sri Lanka
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612:(වන්නියා) (பண்டாரத்தார்) - The Vanniyar, also spelled Vanniya had several Maniyagar under his supervision.
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Mudaliyars of the Association of Ceylon Chiefs met to celebrate the King's birthday in June 1923
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A group of British appointed Kandyan chiefs, with Hon. J. P. Lewis, Government Agent in 1905.
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631:(விதானை) - Vidane had a village or group of small villages placed under his Administration.
499:(විදානෙ) - Vidane had a village or group of small villages placed under his administration
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in 1818 and changes to the administrative divisions of the island with the creation of
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government. All serving village headman were re-designated as Grama Sevakas under the
252:
The native headmen system was an integral part of the administration of the island of
1792:
1626:
851:
803:
783:
709:
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470:(Korale Mudali – කෝරලේ මුදලි) - Korale Mudaliyar was in charge of an area known as a
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550:(රටෙි මහත්තයා) - Rate Mahatmaya had several Korale Mahatmayas under his supervision.
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456:– (Head Mudaliyar or මහ මුදලි) - Head of the low country native headmen and native
344:(with the remaining and newly appointed Dissavas being mere honorary titles), with
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in May 1963 as part of the public administration reforms carried out by Minister
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480:(මුහන්දිරම්) - Muhandiram had several Vidane Arachchis under his supervision.
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493:(විදානෙ ආරච්චි) - Vidane Arachchi had several Vidanes under his supervision
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and hamlets are in the charge of Arachchies, Peace Officers and Vidanes
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and had several Gran Arachchis / Town Arachchis under his supervision.
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563:(කෝරලේ මහත්තයා) - Korale Mahattaya was in charge of an area known as
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Maniyagar - Maniyagar had several Udayar's under his supervision.
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka
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was an integral part of the administration of the island of
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Udayar - Udayar had several Vidane's under his supervision.
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421:
Village Headmen (Change of Designation) Act, No. 6 of 1964
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911:. Lloyd's Great Britain Publishing Company. p.
779:
Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History
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850:
743:(Thesis). The University of Hong Kong Libraries.
474:and had several Muhandirams under his supervision
1819:
371:in rural areas of the island was limited, the
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761:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
597:had the following classes of native headmen:
1482:Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon
741:An historical relation of the Island Ceylon
1004:
990:
1828:Defunct government positions in Sri Lanka
870:"Village Headmen (Change Of Designation)"
375:of the Province would appoint Headmen as
365:British colonial administration of Ceylon
313:With the onset of British rule, Governor
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
1709:Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon
738:
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29:This article includes a list of general
963:Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon
908:Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon
504:Classes of headmen in the Kandyan Areas
1820:
1764:Ceylonese recipients of British titles
904:
821:"Report of The Donoughmore Commission"
775:
985:
432:Classes of headmen in the low country
426:
720:from the original on 6 February 2020
690:
301:and revenue collectors, and wielded
235:and revenue collectors, and wielded
87:Regions with significant populations
15:
1802:
684:
13:
1406:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
1333:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
838:"The Criminal Procedure Code 1899"
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600:
554:
529:
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1859:
947:
582:Classes of headmen in Tamil Areas
367:, when uniformed policing by the
340:(GA) took over the duties of the
308:
1833:Transitional period of Sri Lanka
1801:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1120:Sri Lankan independence movement
894:Late Deshamanya E. L. B. Hurulle
484:
447:
260:) under the successive European
194:) under the successive European
125:
20:
1769:Military awards and decorations
1734:Bible translations into Sinhala
1655:Sinhala words of English origin
919:
898:
387:Following the formation of the
887:
862:
844:
830:
813:
796:
782:. Asian Educational Services.
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732:
698:. Asian Educational Services.
352:became a mere honorary title.
1:
1690:Methodist Church in Sri Lanka
1225:Legislative Council of Ceylon
1180:Colebrooke–Cameron Commission
978:Pasgama: Step into Remoteness
677:
391:in 1931, one of its members,
968:The British Colonial Library
905:Wright, Arnold, ed. (1907).
858:. Vijitha Yapa Publications.
7:
1724:Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya
1396:British Military in Ceylon
927:"Ceylon Government Gazette"
691:Knox, Robert (2004-12-13).
635:
297:capacities. They served as
231:capacities. They served as
10:
1864:
1400:Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon
1098:Great Rebellion of 1817–18
662:Great Rebellion of 1817–18
247:
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82:Kandyan agricultural serfs
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156:South Asian ethnic groups
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1848:Native headmen of Ceylon
1759:Maldivian Annual Tribute
1534:Indian Ocean slave trade
1439:Ceylon National Congress
1190:Donoughmore Constitution
973:The Mudaliyars Explained
739:Jayawickrama, Sarojini.
672:Maldivian Annual Tribute
405:S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
270:Dutch East India Company
204:Dutch East India Company
1719:The Pentecostal Mission
1695:American Ceylon Mission
1650:Sri Lankan Creole Malay
1230:State Council of Ceylon
1155:South East Asia Command
776:Wright, Arnold (1999).
413:Felix Dias Bandaranaike
389:State Council of Ceylon
50:more precise citations.
1449:Sri Lankan nationalism
1185:Donoughmore Commission
1145:Ceylon in World War II
751:(inactive 2024-04-12).
538:- Honorary appointment
513:
444:
1714:Lanka Lutheran Church
1464:Jaffna Youth Congress
1444:Native headmen system
1202:Soulbury Constitution
1130:1906 malaria outbreak
1019:British Ceylon period
511:
442:
417:Sirimavo Bandaranaike
399:(Mudali - මුදලි) and
383:Reforms and abolition
184:native headmen system
150:Related ethnic groups
1385:Ceylon Defence Force
1291:Ceylon Civil Service
1150:Cocos Islands mutiny
1135:1915 Ceylonese riots
1700:Batticotta Seminary
1367:Financial Secretary
1197:Soulbury Commission
1140:Suriya-Mal Movement
1125:Temperance movement
749:10.5353/th_b3123864
369:Ceylon Police Force
264:powers, namely the
198:powers, namely the
83:
1645:Sri Lankan English
1434:Kandyan Convention
1342:Board of Ministers
1313:Colonial Secretary
1115:Kandyan Convention
1103:Kandyan Convention
1088:Invasion of Ceylon
657:Kandyan Convention
561:Korale Mahaththaya
514:
462:Governor of Ceylon
445:
427:Classes of headmen
131:Theravada Buddhism
81:
1815:
1814:
1742:
1741:
1683:Bishop of Colombo
1567:British buildings
1417:
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1298:Executive Council
1270:Solicitor General
852:Bradman Weerakoon
789:978-81-206-1335-5
573:(ටවුන් ආරච්චි) /
393:H. W. Amarasuriya
338:Government Agents
266:Portuguese Empire
200:Portuguese Empire
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171:Sri Lankan Malays
163:Sri Lankan Tamils
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1429:Treaty of Amiens
1323:Colonial Auditor
1318:Attorney General
1286:Governor-General
1265:Attorney General
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377:Peace Officers
346:Rate Mahatmaya
325:Following the
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303:quasi-judicial
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274:British Empire
256:(now known as
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1591:Music
1509:Cocoa
1487:Rupee
1065:Years
930:(PDF)
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315:North
139:Islam
135:Hindu
1347:List
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937:2020
881:2022
784:ISBN
763:link
726:2020
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