958:
395:
114:
94:
3151:
174:
134:
154:
1133:
601:, a British sea captain of the 17th century, noted that the Kings of Kandy built mosques for the Moors. Sri Lanka being a predominately agricultural economy, International trade was underdeveloped during the medieval period. The arrival and settlement of Arab-Muslim merchants on the island's coastal regions initiated overseas trade and helped unlock the country's economic potential.
716:, a public school in Jaffna which was once a prominent educational institution for the city's Muslim community. According to a Jaffna Muslim source, there is a floating population of about 2,000 Muslims in Jaffna. Around 1,500 are Jaffna Muslims, while the rest are Muslims from outside of Jaffna. About 10 Muslim shops are functioning and the numbers are slowly growing.
1299:
On the other hand, NEMT is found in
Northern and Eastern provinces. One phonological variation between these two sub-dialects is that SMT replaces the Tamil sound /sa/ with /sha/. Another phonological variation is that SMT uses voiced plosives such as /b, d, j, g/ whereas NEMT uses voiceless plosives
1191:
As an example, the SLT term for the corpse is ‘caavu’ but the SLMT uses the Arabic term ‘mayyatu’. Another example is the verb ‘pray’ which is ‘vanaku’ in SLT and ‘tholu’ in SLMT. The kinship terms used by
Muslims in the country are also different when compared with the SLT terms, but are shared with
368:
traders who first settled in Sri Lanka around the 9th century, and who intermarried with local Tamil and
Sinhala women. Recent genetic studies, however, have suggested a predominant Indian origin for Moors compared to the Arab origin speculated by some. Perera et al. (2021) in their genetic analysis
371:
In contrast, Sri Lankan Moors have descended exclusively from Muslim male merchants of either Arabic or of Indian origin, who came to Sri Lanka for trading. During the fourteenth century, they started to settle in coastal areas in Sri Lanka and espoused local women, who were either
Sinhalese or Sri
688:
carried out by the
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in October 1990. In Northern Sri Lanka, the LTTE forcibly expelled the Muslim population from the Northern Province at gunpoint and confiscated their properties. Yogi, the LTTE's political spokesman, claimed that this expulsion was carried out in
1295:
Interestingly, one can also notice ethno-regional variations in SLMT and categorise them into two major sub-dialects such as North-Eastern Muslim Tamil (NEMT) and
Southern Muslim Tamil (SMT). SMT is found in the Southern, Western, and Central provinces with some variations and other linguistic
937:
for
Sinhalese and Moors is 0.0123, SL Tamil and Moors is 0.0233 while Indian Tamil and Moors 0.0293. The study was carried on the X-STRs DXS10148, DXS10135, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS10079, DXS10074, DXS10075, DXS6801, DXS6809, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS7133, DXS9902, HPRTB and DXS7423.
52:
668:
descent amongst the Tamil-speaking Moors was invented just to keep the community separate from the Tamils, and this 'separate identity' intended to check the latter's demand for the separate state of Tamil Eelam and to flare up hostilities between the two groups in the broader
734:
Genetic studies undertaken in the year 2021 by
University of Colombo and Genetech Molecular Diagnostics led by Dr Gayani Galhena, made the following observation in paragraph 6, in the faculty of science web publication based on the latest X chromosome fingerprint analysis-
538:
Another view suggests that the Arab traders, however, adopted the
Sinhalese and Tamil languages only after settling in Sri Lanka. The cultural practices of the Moors also vary significantly from the other communities on the island, but share much in common with the
1456:
The Sri Lankan Moors have been strongly shaped by
Islamic culture, with many customs and practices according to Islamic law. While preserving many of their ancestral South Asian customs, the Moors have over time adopted several Arabic-Islamic practices.
920:
According to a study published in 2021 using 16 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat markers (STRs) conducted on 838 unrelated individuals from the four major ethnicities, there is a sex biased demographic history among Sri Lankan ethnicities. According to
1175:
The Tamil dialect spoken by Muslims in Sri Lanka is identified as Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil (SLMT). It is a social dialect of Sri Lankan Tamil that falls under the larger category of the colloquial variety of Tamil. SLMT has distinct
534:
Historian Patrick Peebles states by the end of the 19th century Sri Lankan Muslims comprised about 6–7 percent of the population, and that "the majority of Muslims were of South Indian origin and spoke Tamil."
1499:. He was a leading figure in the Islamic revival movement, and strengthened the Muslim identity of the Sri Lankan Moors. He was responsible for the ideological framework for the Muslim ethnicity in Sri Lanka.
1436:
which is a written register of the Tamil language with the use of the Arabic alphabet. The Arwi alphabet is unique to the Muslims of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, hinting at erstwhile close relations between the
1420:
Another symbolic representation of the Southern variety is the shortening of Tamil verbs. As an example, the verb ‘to come’ known as ‘varukhudu’ in SLT/NEMT would be shortened and pronounced as ‘varudu.’
1160:. According to the 2012 Census 58.7% or 862,397 Sri Lankan Moors also spoke Sinhala and 30.4% or 446,146 Sri Lankan Moors also spoke English. Moorish Tamil bears the influence of Arabic.
1188:
in SLMT vocabulary. This distinctiveness between SLMT and other spoken varieties of SLT brings out the different religious and cultural identities of the Tamil speaking ethnic groups.
1168:
The vast majority of Sri Lankan Muslims speak Tamil as their mother tongue. Religious sermons are delivered in Tamil even in regions where Tamil is not the majority language. Islamic
476:
and through the extremely strong linguistic and cultural similarities held by these communities. It is said there has been a strong relationship between Marakkar communities through
2098:
Shaik Abdullah Hassan Mydin1 and Mohammed Siraaj Saidumasudu, The Changing Identities of the Tamil Muslims from the Coromandel Coast to Malaysia: An Etymological Analysis
1448:
community of Tamil Nadu. In addition, they frequently tend to code-switch and code-mix when they communicate with a non-Muslim or a fellow Muslim in a different region.
1184:
and lexical differences in comparison to other varieties of SLT since it is influenced by the Arabic language. Due to this, we can see the use of several Persian-Arabic
2641:
610:
1610:
1557:
333:, comprising 9.3% of the country's total population. Most of them are native speakers of the Tamil language. The majority of Moors who are not native to the
3139:
2199:
Dennis B. McGilvray, Arabs, Moors and Muslims: Sri Lankan Muslim ethnicity in regional perspective, Contributions to Indian Sociology 1998 32: 433 p440-442
593:, which had been a Moor-dominated city at that time. The Moors migrated to the eastern part of the island, and settled there through the invitation of the
2865:
1296:
features within it. As an example, Muslims in the Western province, especially in Colombo tend to code-mix their speech with Tamil and English terms.
472:, and share the same history with Tamil Nadu Marakkars in particular, and Marakkars from Kerala. This can be seen from the large number of prominent
961:
Distribution of languages and religious groups of Sri Lanka on D.S. division and sector level according to the 1981 Census of Population and Housing
2571:
2797:
1925:"X-chromosomal STR based genetic polymorphisms and demographic history of Sri Lankan ethnicities and their relationship with global populations"
1868:"X-chromosomal STR based genetic polymorphisms and demographic history of Sri Lankan ethnicities and their relationship with global populations"
2487:
2523:
451:, a term originally applied to Greeks, but sometimes also Arabs and other West Asians. Historically, all Tamil speaking Muslim communities in
398:
Kechimalai Mosque, Beruwala. One of the oldest mosques in Sri Lanka. It is believed to be the site where the first Arabs landed in Sri Lanka.
2011:
sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognise any such group, community or culture."
2548:
3092:
1444:
However, SLMT is only a spoken variety that is limited to the domestic sphere of the community members and is something shared with the
3117:
1574:
578:. Alliances and intermarriages between both communities were observed in this period. They held close contact with other Muslims of
3132:
2836:
2706:
2621:
708:
formally apologized for the expulsion of the Muslims from the North. There has been a stream of Muslims travelling in and out of
2674:
3091:
Victor C. de Munck. Experiencing History Small: An analysis of political, economic and social change in a Sri Lankan village.
3389:
3074:
3018:
3008:
2960:
2846:
2649:
2376:"Muslims in Harmony and Conflict in Plural Sri Lanka: A Historical Summary from a Religio-economic and Political Perspective"
2301:
2291:
2122:
2056:
1662:
1652:
1635:
1625:
933:
calculated the Moors were closest to Sinhalese and then Sri Lankan Tamil with a significant distance from Indian Tamils. The
1679:
729:
704:
Sri Lanka's Muslims still hold a bitter grudge for their forced expulsion from the North by the LTTE. In 2002, LTTE leader
3125:
2328:(4). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: Islamic Studies, Vol. 29, No. 4: 354, 356.
741:
Dr Sarabjit Mastanain found in 1996 based on genetic analysis of human blood group systems from 508 individuals that the
2572:
The "liberation" of the east heightens the anxieties of the Muslim community about its role in the new scheme of things.
2151:
1795:
934:
2320:
MAHROOF, M.M.M. (1990). "Impact of European-Christian Rule on the Muslims of Sri Lanka: A Socio-Historical Analysis".
3112:
3045:
2915:
2911:
2274:
2184:
2083:
1766:
1689:
737:"Interestingly, Sinhalese and Moors are genetically closer to each other compared to Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Tamils"
426:
did not exist in Sri Lanka before the arrival of the Portuguese colonists. The term "Moor" was chosen because of the
179:
139:
2355:(4). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: Islamic Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4: 502.
1484:
customs such as congregational eating using a large shared plate called the 'sahn' and wearing of the North African
929:
but Indian Tamils had statistically significant genetic subdivision from both Sinhalese and Moors. According to the
530:
blood of which the Dravidian element, because of centuries of heavy Indian injection has remained the dominant one.'
3253:
2139:
2046:
1783:
957:
630:
3035:
2347:
MAHROOF, M.M.M. (1991). "Mendicants and Troubadours: Towards a Historical Taxonomy of the Faqirs of Sri Lanka".
1836:
Mahroof, M. M. M. (1995). "Spoken Tamil Dialects Of The Muslims Of Sri Lanka: Language As Identity-Classifier".
1722:
McGilvray, DB (November 1998). "Arabs, Moors and Muslims: Sri Lankan Muslim ethnicity in regional perspective".
922:
554:
Although the caste system is not observed by the Moors as it is by the other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, their
2447:
2264:
2727:
3379:
3328:
2524:"Refugees International: Articles: Sri Lanka: Muslim Victims of Ethnic Cleansing Require Special Attention"
2225:
1996:
725:
681:
334:
2112:
1987:
Pieris, P.E. "Ceylon and the Hollanders 1658-1796". American Ceylon Mission Press, Tellippalai Ceylon 1918
3384:
3374:
3369:
3213:
2669:
1488:
during marriage ceremonies feed to the view that Moors are of mixed Sinhalese, Tamil, and Arab heritage.
694:
338:
159:
119:
99:
2972:
McGilvray, D.B (1998). "Arabs, Moors and Muslims: Sri Lankan Muslim ethnicity in regional perspective".
2210:
3238:
3147:
2689:
1200:. The following are some terms that show the difference between SLMT and most varieties of SLT/Tamil.
3364:
3166:
1528:
70:
2421:
2527:
1518:
1181:
652:, primarily to bolster their population numbers for the impending transition to democratic rule in
589:
in the 16th century, a large population of Moors was expelled from cities such as the capital city
473:
2914:. (Online versions available on the websites of the university libraries at Heidelberg and Halle:
2375:
1681:
Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars
483:
Some scholars hold the view that the Sri Lankan Moors in general are descended from the Marakkar,
3338:
2906:(Südasienwissenschaftliche Arbeitsblätter 2.) Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
745:
was 0.8956 which indicates Sinhalese & Tamil as native population. Also, he reflected on the
705:
620:
2742:
2596:
2558:
2073:
1127:
742:
641:
547:. This view is dominantly held by the Sinhalese-favouring section of the Moors, as well as the
83:
1592:
585:
The Moors had their own court of justice for settling their disputes. Upon the arrival of the
548:
527:
3333:
3277:
3264:
3218:
3034:
Nuk̲amān̲, Em Ē; Program, ICES Sri Lanka; Studies, International Centre for Ethnic (2007).
2948:
2935:
2626:
1936:
1879:
750:
670:
616:
598:
507:
379:
2890:
International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2018. 125-147. 10.1515/ijsl-2018-0026.
2694:, Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society of Jaffna College, p. 190
2664:
394:
8:
3343:
3305:
3231:
3171:
2099:
1533:
383:
361:. These groups are differentiated by lineage, language, history, culture and traditions.
2888:
Muslims in Sri Lankan language politics: A study of Tamil- and English-medium Education.
1940:
1883:
3245:
3010:
Buddhist Extremists and Muslim Minorities: Religious Conflict in Contemporary Sri Lanka
2989:
2919:
2481:
2448:"A Criticism of Mr Ramanathan's "Ethnology of the Moors of Ceylon" – Sri Lanka Muslims"
2403:
2356:
2329:
2245:
2237:
1965:
1924:
1900:
1867:
1845:
1739:
1508:
947:
3312:
3258:
3208:
3155:
3108:
3070:
3041:
3014:
2993:
2956:
2907:
2842:
2779:
2721:
2407:
2395:
2297:
2270:
2180:
2118:
2079:
2052:
1970:
1952:
1905:
1762:
1743:
1685:
1658:
1631:
1523:
1496:
1465:
690:
661:
645:
586:
523:
403:
354:
2767:
2501:
2249:
3203:
3104:
3093:
History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies
2981:
2583:
2387:
2229:
2155:
1960:
1944:
1895:
1887:
1799:
1731:
1469:
1169:
1157:
1153:
930:
746:
685:
594:
438:
342:
305:
245:
204:
2916:
http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf
3224:
2391:
2174:
1460:
The Moors practice several customs and beliefs which they closely share with the
713:
698:
375:
364:
The Sri Lankan Moors are of diverse origins with some tracing their ancestry to
3300:
3295:
2985:
1948:
1891:
1735:
1149:
1141:
1121:
627:
519:
510:
in his summary of the origin history of Sri Lankan Moors states the following:
280:
198:
2233:
2159:
1803:
1148:
Depending on where they live in the country, they may also additionally speak
349:. The Sri Lankan Muslim community is mostly divided between Sri Lankan Moors,
3358:
3100:
3096:
2399:
2293:
Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
1956:
1627:
Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia
1193:
571:
540:
452:
358:
255:
2866:"Sri Lankan Muslims Are Low Caste Tamil Hindu Converts Not Arab Descendants"
2003:, New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later
3187:
2832:
1974:
1909:
1513:
1492:
1438:
1425:
656:. Their view holds that the Sri Lankan Moors were mainly Tamil converts to
488:
350:
260:
2932:
216 the year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal
2783:
480:. The similarities have been described as "enormous" by M. M. M. Mahroof.
3287:
1433:
634:
579:
500:
220:
2360:
2333:
2241:
1849:
712:
since the end of the war. Some families have returned and the re-opened
1429:
1197:
633:(LTTE). The LTTE attempted to create an independent Tamil state called
624:
544:
235:
2004:
474:
Sri Lankan Moors who hold the surname of Marikkar (and its variations)
3150:
2553:
1485:
1177:
926:
653:
619:
was a 26-year conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka between the
575:
330:
3107:, and Victor C. de Munck, pp. 154–169. Moscow: KomKniga, 2006.
2034:. Delhi: Mittal Publications. pp. 9–14, 27–30, 67–74, 113–118.
1575:"A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012"
1477:
1445:
1185:
754:
648:
launched a campaign to classify Tamil-speaking Sri Lankan Moors as
567:
477:
469:
265:
2075:
Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities
2008:
677:
590:
496:
484:
2642:"Hon. V. Prabhakaran : Press Conference at Killinochi 2002"
430:
faith of these people and was not a reflection of their origin.
1923:
Perera, Nandika; Galhena, Gayani; Ranawaka, Gaya (2021-06-17).
1654:
Linguistic Rivalries: Tamil Migrants and Anglo-Franco Conflicts
1473:
709:
649:
492:
419:
250:
2838:
Sri Lankan Muslims – Ethnic Identity within Cultural Diversity
697:
by Muslims, who were seen by the LTTE as collaborators of the
51:
3037:
Sri Lankan Muslims: ethnic identity within cultural diversity
2953:
History and Imagination: Tamil Culture in the Global Context.
1132:
665:
657:
427:
415:
407:
365:
346:
240:
56:
Sri Lankan Moor men in regional costume in early 20th century
2841:. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. pp. 50–83.
2266:
Sarandib: an ethnological study of the Muslims of Sri Lanka
1481:
1461:
1137:
558:(matriclan system) is an extension of the Tamil tradition.
515:
514:'In actual fact, the Muslims of Sri Lanka are a mixture of
447:
297:
2743:"Ethnic Reality of Sri Lankans: A Hidden Story Unravelled"
2597:"Ethnic Reality of Sri Lankans: A Hidden Story Unravelled"
345:
as a second language. They are predominantly followers of
767: (Papiha, Mastana, Jayasekara, 1996)
3040:. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. p. 104.
2474:
The Life and Times of Marhoom Wappichi Marikar (booklet)
551:, which lists the Moors as a separate ethnic community.
3033:
749:
among five populations of Sri Lanka as per given below
611:
Expulsion of Muslims from the Northern province by LTTE
2100:
https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2018/88919/88919.pdf
1810:
1495:
of Sri Lankan Moors, primarily under the influence of
445:, has been thought to have been derived from the term
1922:
1865:
316:
2920:
http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf
925:, Sinhalese, Sri Lankan Tamils and Moors are highly
374:". The concentration of Moors is the highest in the
369:
of the Moors stated the following in their report: "
2211:"Islam, Politics and Violence in Eastern Sri Lanka"
1759:
Sri Lanka: Current Issues and Historical Background
1581:. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka.
291:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1593:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
3069:( ed.). Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications.
689:retaliation for atrocities committed against the
3356:
2584:http://www.uthr.org/Reports/Report7/chapter6.htm
2114:The Sri Lanka Reader: History, Culture, Politics
1472:. Tamil and Sinhala customs such as wearing the
2140:"The Muslim Factor in Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis"
1822:
1784:"The Muslim Factor in Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis"
170:
130:
2179:. Greenword Publishing group. pp. 77–78.
2072:Singh, Nagendra Kr; Khan, Abdul Mabud (2001).
911:5 populations of Sri Lanka
3133:
1866:Perera N, Galhena G, Ranawaka G (June 2021).
1569:
1567:
35:
2740:
2594:
2557:. Chennai, India. 2007-07-31. Archived from
2619:
1706:Census of Population and Housing, Sri Lanka
1684:. International Center for Ethnic Studies.
29:
3140:
3126:
2790:
2709:. Archived from the original on 2004-12-07
2662:
2486:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1677:
1564:
1163:
965:Sri Lankan Moor Population and Percentage
50:
2971:
2289:
2071:
1964:
1899:
1721:
1611:"Census of Population and Housing - 2012"
1558:"Census of Population and Housing - 2012"
1300:such as /v, p, t, c, k/ instead of them.
455:and Sri Lanka were known as the Sonakar.
150:
110:
90:
3064:
2704:
2665:"Mass resettlement of Muslims in Jaffna"
2656:
1816:
1579:Census of Population & Housing, 2011
1131:
956:
393:
3013:. Oxford University Press. p. 23.
2898:
2896:
2798:"Census of Population and Housing 2011"
2765:
2741:Thambipillai, Sivaranjei (2021-08-29).
2707:"A timely and prudent step by the LTTE"
2663:Palakidnar, Ananth (15 February 2009).
2595:Thambipillai, Sivaranjei (2021-08-29).
2494:
2414:
2346:
2319:
2262:
2172:
1835:
1623:
1491:The late 19th century saw the phase of
1480:were widely prevalent among the Moors.
604:
3357:
2831:
2687:
2681:
2549:"Sri Lanka's Muslims: out in the cold"
2471:
2117:. Duke University Press. p. 429.
1861:
1859:
3121:
2860:
2858:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2804:. Department of Census and Statistics
2315:
2313:
2296:. Duke University Press. p. 77.
2044:
2032:Identity Crisis of Sri Lankan Muslims
2029:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1756:
1717:
1715:
3006:
2893:
2504:. BBC News World Edition. 2002-06-27
2208:
2110:
730:Genetic studies on Sri Lankan Tamils
640:Since 1888, under the initiative of
78:Regions with significant populations
2934:Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003.
2766:Mastana, Sarabjit (November 1996).
2698:
2677:from the original on 12 March 2011.
2465:
2373:
2290:McGilvray, Dennis B. (2008-04-16).
2137:
2048:Minority Nationalisms in South Asia
1856:
1781:
1650:
570:dominated once in medieval era the
463:
16:Muslim ethnic minority in Sri Lanka
13:
3085:
3007:Holt, John Clifford (2016-09-30).
2965:
2855:
2816:
2620:SUBRAMANIAN, T.S. (May 10, 2002).
2380:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2310:
2152:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2144:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
2014:
1796:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
1788:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
1712:
719:
329:) are an ethnic minority group in
14:
3401:
2974:Contributions to Indian Sociology
1724:Contributions to Indian Sociology
3149:
2947:R. Cheran, Darshan Ambalavanar,
2768:"Genetic variation in Sri Lanka"
2422:"Sri Lanka – Living With Terror"
1761:. Nova Publishers. p. 147.
1678:Richardson, John Martin (2005).
1624:Minahan, James B. (2012-08-30).
631:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
566:The Sri Lankan Moors along with
172:
152:
132:
112:
92:
3057:
3027:
3000:
2941:
2925:
2880:
2868:. Colombo Telegraph. 2013-05-06
2759:
2734:
2634:
2613:
2588:
2576:
2565:
2541:
2516:
2502:"Analysis: Tamil-Muslim divide"
2440:
2367:
2340:
2283:
2256:
2202:
2193:
2166:
2131:
2104:
2092:
2065:
2038:
1990:
1981:
1916:
1775:
1750:
952:
561:
2688:Holmes, Walter Robert (1980),
2582:UTHR (J), 6.1.2 Yogis’ speech
2269:. Asiff Hussein. p. 330.
1698:
1671:
1644:
1617:
1603:
1585:
1550:
1172:has a thousand-year heritage.
1140:alphabet and their equivalent
923:analysis of molecular variance
325:; colloquially referred to as
1:
2045:Fazal, Tanweer (2013-10-18).
1539:
3390:Muslim ethnoreligious groups
2622:"Prabakaran in First Person"
2392:10.1080/13602004.2014.939554
2226:The Journal of Asian Studies
2218:The Journal of Asian Studies
1651:Das, Sonia N. (2016-10-05).
1544:
1441:across the two territories.
1424:Furthermore, the Moors like
726:Genetic studies on Sinhalese
389:
7:
1657:. Oxford University Press.
1502:
1115:
317:
292:
10:
3406:
2986:10.1177/006996679803200213
2904:Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia.
2902:Torsten Tschacher (2001).
2886:Davis, Christina. (2018).
2051:. Routledge. p. 121.
2030:Mohan, Vasundhara (1987).
1949:10.1038/s41598-021-92314-9
1892:10.1038/s41598-021-92314-9
1736:10.1177/006996679803200213
1451:
1125:
1119:
945:
941:
723:
608:
468:Many Sri Lankan Moors are
458:
3321:
3286:
3196:
3180:
3167:Demographics of Sri Lanka
3162:
2726:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2374:Ali, Ameer (2014-07-03).
2234:10.1017/S002191181100088X
2173:Peebles, Patrick (2006).
2160:10.1080/13602009708716375
2154:Vol. 17, No. 2: 253–267.
2111:Holt, John (2011-04-13).
1804:10.1080/13602009708716375
1798:Vol. 17, No. 2: 253–267.
1529:List of Sri Lankan Malays
865:
852:
845:
832:
825:
812:
805:
783:
776:
769:
309:
301:
284:
231:
226:
218:
213:
194:
189:
169:
149:
129:
109:
89:
82:
77:
66:
61:
49:
41:
36:
30:
27:
3065:De Silva, K. M. (2014).
2176:The History of Sri Lanka
1997:Ross Brann, "The Moors?"
1519:List of Sri Lankan Moors
671:Tamil–Sinhalese conflict
637:in northeast Sri Lanka.
506:Sri Lankan Moor scholar
2263:Hussein, Asiff (2007).
1164:Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil
706:Vellupillai Prabhakaran
582:through coastal trade.
3067:A history of Sri Lanka
2938:accessed on 2009-08-14
2472:Zemzem, Akbar (1970).
1757:Nubin, Walter (2002).
1145:
1128:Languages of Sri Lanka
962:
743:cophenetic correlation
642:Ponnambalam Ramanathan
532:
406:called the Muslims in
399:
2802:www.statistics.gov.lk
2228:Vol. 70, No. 3: 737.
1135:
960:
765:Genetic distance
676:The expulsion of the
587:Portuguese colonisers
549:Sri Lankan government
512:
397:
227:Related ethnic groups
2949:Chelva Kanaganayakam
1708:. 2012. p. 142.
1245:naana/kaaka (older)
935:Nei genetic distance
660:. According to some
617:Sri Lankan Civil War
605:Sri Lankan Civil War
478:endogamous marriages
302:اَیلَࢳَیچْ چٗونَكَرْ
42:اَیلَࢳَیچْ چٗونَكَرْ
3380:Tamils of Sri Lanka
3306:Portuguese Burghers
3172:Sri Lankan diaspora
2209:Klem, Bart (2011).
2138:Ali, Ameer (1997).
1941:2021NatSR..1112748P
1884:2021NatSR..1112748P
1782:Ali, Ameer (1997).
1534:Memons in Sri Lanka
414:, after the Muslim
24:
3385:Arabs in Sri Lanka
3375:Sri Lankan Muslims
3370:Islam in Sri Lanka
2772:Scientific Reports
2747:Faculty of Science
2601:Faculty of Science
1929:Scientific Reports
1872:Scientific Reports
1509:Islam in Sri Lanka
1426:their counterparts
1146:
963:
948:Sri Lankan society
662:Tamil nationalists
400:
327:Sri Lankan Muslims
22:
3352:
3351:
3267:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3209:Sri Lankan Tamils
3076:978-955-8095-92-8
3020:978-0-19-062439-2
2961:978-1-894770-36-1
2848:978-955-580-109-6
2691:Jaffna, Sri Lanka
2452:Sri Lanka Muslims
2303:978-0-8223-8918-7
2124:978-0-8223-4982-2
2078:. Global Vision.
2058:978-1-317-96647-0
1664:978-0-19-046179-9
1637:978-1-59884-660-7
1524:Sri Lankan Malays
1497:M. C. Siddi Lebbe
1466:Sri Lankan Tamils
1418:
1417:
1293:
1292:
1113:
1112:
917:
916:
903:
902:
894:
893:
885:
884:
876:
875:
794:
793:
682:Northern Province
664:, the concept of
646:Sri Lankan Tamils
418:known to them in
355:Sri Lankan Malays
315:
290:
274:
273:
73:population; 2012)
3397:
3365:Sri Lankan Moors
3263:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3154:
3153:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3105:Andrey Korotayev
3080:
3052:
3051:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2969:
2963:
2945:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2900:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2829:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2648:. Archived from
2638:
2632:
2631:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2526:. Archived from
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2215:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2012:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1833:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1470:Sinhalese People
1303:
1302:
1256:dhaatha (older)
1203:
1202:
1170:Tamil literature
968:
967:
931:genetic distance
848:
847:
828:
827:
808:
807:
779:
778:
772:
771:
761:
760:
751:eigenvector plot
747:genetic distance
695:Eastern Province
686:ethnic cleansing
595:Kingdom of Kandy
464:Origins theories
320:
314:romanized:
313:
311:
303:
295:
293:Ilaṅkaic Cōṉakar
289:romanized:
288:
286:
277:Sri Lankan Moors
182:
178:
176:
175:
162:
158:
156:
155:
142:
138:
136:
135:
122:
118:
116:
115:
102:
98:
96:
95:
62:Total population
54:
43:
39:
38:
33:
32:
25:
23:Sri Lankan Moors
21:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3317:
3282:
3192:
3176:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3088:
3086:Further reading
3083:
3077:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3005:
3001:
2970:
2966:
2946:
2942:
2930:
2926:
2901:
2894:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2830:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2739:
2735:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2699:
2686:
2682:
2670:Sunday Observer
2661:
2657:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2428:. PBS. May 2002
2420:
2419:
2415:
2372:
2368:
2349:Islamic Studies
2345:
2341:
2322:Islamic Studies
2318:
2311:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2261:
2257:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2043:
2039:
2028:
2015:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1921:
1917:
1864:
1857:
1844:(4): 407–426 .
1838:Islamic Studies
1834:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1755:
1751:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1505:
1454:
1166:
1136:Letters of the
1130:
1124:
1118:
955:
950:
944:
918:
904:
895:
886:
877:
795:
732:
724:Main articles:
722:
720:Genetic studies
714:Osmania College
699:Sri Lankan Army
613:
607:
564:
499:and Pathans of
466:
461:
437:along with the
433:The Tamil term
392:
357:and Sri Lankan
285:இலங்கைச் சோனகர்
270:
209:
173:
171:
153:
151:
133:
131:
113:
111:
93:
91:
68:
57:
45:
40:
34:
31:இலங்கைச் சோனகர்
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3301:Dutch Burghers
3296:Burgher people
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3046:
3026:
3019:
2999:
2980:(2): 433–483.
2964:
2940:
2936:Online version
2924:
2892:
2879:
2854:
2847:
2815:
2789:
2758:
2733:
2705:Hindu On Net.
2697:
2680:
2655:
2652:on 2016-04-06.
2633:
2612:
2587:
2575:
2564:
2561:on 2007-10-29.
2540:
2515:
2493:
2464:
2439:
2413:
2386:(3): 227–242.
2366:
2339:
2309:
2302:
2282:
2275:
2255:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2165:
2130:
2123:
2103:
2091:
2084:
2064:
2057:
2037:
2013:
1989:
1980:
1915:
1855:
1821:
1809:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1730:(2): 433–483.
1711:
1697:
1690:
1670:
1663:
1643:
1636:
1616:
1602:
1599:. 7 June 2022.
1584:
1563:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1453:
1450:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:Younger sister
1258:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1165:
1162:
1122:Tamil language
1120:Main article:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
989:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
954:
951:
946:Main article:
943:
940:
915:
914:
906:
905:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
887:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
870:
869:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
851:
846:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
806:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:
777:
775:
770:
768:
759:
721:
718:
684:was an act of
628:Tamil militant
609:Main article:
606:
603:
580:Southern India
563:
560:
465:
462:
460:
457:
410:and Sri Lanka
391:
388:
272:
271:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
229:
228:
224:
223:
219:Predominantly
216:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
202:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
183:
167:
166:
163:
147:
146:
143:
127:
126:
123:
107:
106:
103:
87:
86:
80:
79:
75:
74:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
28:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3402:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3113:5-484-01002-0
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:Leonid Grinin
3098:
3097:Peter Turchin
3094:
3090:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3049:
3047:9789555801096
3043:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:3-86010-627-9
2909:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2530:on 2007-09-28
2529:
2525:
2519:
2503:
2497:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2276:9789559726227
2272:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2188:
2186:0-313-33205-3
2182:
2178:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2085:9788187746102
2081:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1819:, p. 47.
1818:
1817:De Silva 2014
1813:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1768:9781590335734
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1691:9789555800945
1687:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1439:Tamil Muslims
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:Tamil Muslims
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:morphological
1179:
1173:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:1931 Estimate
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
969:
966:
959:
949:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
912:
908:
907:
899:
898:
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
868:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
850:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
830:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:
810:
809:
803:
802:
799:
798:
790:
789:
786:
781:
780:
774:
773:
766:
763:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
738:
731:
727:
717:
715:
711:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
629:
626:
622:
618:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
559:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:Tamil Muslims
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
511:
509:
508:Dr. Ameer Ali
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
456:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
396:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
307:
299:
294:
282:
278:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Tamil Muslims
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
225:
222:
217:
212:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
188:
184:
181:
180:North Central
168:
164:
161:
148:
144:
141:
140:North Western
128:
124:
121:
108:
104:
101:
88:
85:
81:
76:
72:
69:(9.3% of the
65:
60:
53:
48:
26:
3272:
3095:. Edited by
3066:
3058:Bibliography
3036:
3029:
3009:
3002:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2952:
2943:
2931:
2927:
2903:
2887:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2837:
2833:Nuhman, M. A
2806:. Retrieved
2801:
2792:
2778:(5): 26–27.
2775:
2771:
2761:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:
2736:
2711:. Retrieved
2700:
2690:
2683:
2668:
2658:
2650:the original
2645:
2636:
2625:
2615:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2578:
2567:
2559:the original
2552:
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:the original
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2496:
2473:
2467:
2456:. Retrieved
2454:. 2017-04-21
2451:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2325:
2321:
2292:
2285:
2265:
2258:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2195:
2175:
2168:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2113:
2106:
2094:
2074:
2067:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2000:
1992:
1983:
1935:(1): 12748.
1932:
1928:
1918:
1878:(1): 12748.
1875:
1871:
1841:
1837:
1812:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1727:
1723:
1705:
1700:
1680:
1673:
1653:
1646:
1630:. ABC-CLIO.
1626:
1619:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1552:
1514:Indian Moors
1493:Islamization
1490:
1459:
1455:
1443:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1326:
1320:
1306:English Term
1298:
1294:
1267:thangachchi
1206:Kinship Term
1190:
1178:phonological
1174:
1167:
1147:
964:
953:Demographics
919:
910:
866:
853:
833:
813:
784:
764:
740:
736:
733:
703:
675:
639:
614:
584:
565:
562:Medieval era
555:
553:
537:
533:
513:
505:
482:
467:
446:
442:
434:
432:
423:
411:
401:
372:Lankan Tamil
370:
363:
351:Indian Moors
326:
323:Ceylon Moors
322:
318:Lanka Yonaka
276:
275:
261:Indian Moors
19:Ethnic group
3288:Multiracial
3197:Traditional
3156:Sri Lankans
2955:216 pages,
2808:14 November
1597:www.cia.gov
1264:thangachchi
977:Percentage
635:Tamil Eelam
599:Robert Knox
572:pearl trade
556:kudi system
501:South India
422:. The word
386:districts.
380:Trincomalee
341:also speak
321:; formerly
221:Sunni Islam
3359:Categories
3339:Maldivians
3322:Immigrants
3181:Indigenous
2752:2024-04-26
2713:2006-04-30
2606:2024-04-26
2534:2011-11-20
2476:. Colombo.
2458:2017-11-24
2432:9 February
1540:References
1476:or eating
1432:, use the
1430:Tamil Nadu
1198:Tamil Nadu
1186:loan words
1126:See also:
974:Population
867:Sinhalese
625:separatist
621:government
545:Tamil Nadu
404:Portuguese
384:Batticaloa
236:Maldivians
201:(majority)
71:Sri Lankan
3204:Sinhalese
2994:144917663
2646:EelamView
2627:Frontline
2554:The Hindu
2482:cite book
2426:Frontline
2408:144867739
2400:1360-2004
2001:Andalusia
1957:2045-2322
1744:144917663
1545:Citations
1209:SLT/Tamil
1106:1,892,638
1095:1,046,926
927:panmictic
680:from the
654:Sri Lanka
576:Sri Lanka
524:Dravidian
470:Marakkars
390:Etymology
343:Sinhalese
331:Sri Lanka
310:ලංකා යෝනක
304:;
246:Sinhalese
190:Languages
67:1,892,638
37:ලංකා යෝනක
3329:Japanese
3265:Javanese
3225:Bharatha
2835:(2007).
2722:cite web
2675:Archived
2361:20840055
2334:20840011
2250:27739665
2242:41302391
1975:34140598
1910:34140598
1850:20836916
1503:See also
1478:Kiribath
1446:Marrakar
1283:Daughter
1116:Language
785:Burgher
755:R-matrix
623:and the
568:Mukkuvar
497:Rowthers
485:Mappilas
266:Persians
214:Religion
84:Province
3334:Koreans
3313:Kaffirs
3278:Pathans
3219:Indians
3214:Chinese
2951:(1997)
2872:27 July
2784:8908798
2009:Morisco
2005:Mudéjar
1966:8211843
1937:Bibcode
1901:8211843
1880:Bibcode
1452:Culture
1239:Brother
1158:English
1156:and or
1154:Sinhala
1084:855,724
1073:626,800
1062:464,000
1051:373,600
1040:289,600
1029:251,900
1018:233,900
1007:228,000
996:197,200
985:184,500
942:Society
753:of the
693:in the
678:Muslims
591:Colombo
520:Persian
459:History
439:Sinhala
435:Sonakar
428:Islamic
306:Sinhala
205:Sinhala
185:101,958
165:263,874
160:Central
145:268,709
125:575,936
120:Eastern
105:709,992
100:Western
44:
3344:Memons
3259:Malays
3246:Telugu
3232:Chetty
3111:
3073:
3044:
3017:
2992:
2959:
2910:
2845:
2782:
2508:6 July
2406:
2398:
2359:
2332:
2300:
2273:
2248:
2240:
2183:
2121:
2082:
2055:
1973:
1963:
1955:
1908:
1898:
1848:
1765:
1742:
1688:
1661:
1634:
1474:Thaali
1468:, and
1397:aaman
1380:aanam
1289:maval
1278:mavan
1250:Sister
1228:Mother
1223:vaapa
1217:Father
1144:letter
1098:7.05%
1087:6.74%
1076:5.92%
1065:5.73%
1054:5.61%
1043:5.46%
1032:5.60%
1021:5.70%
1010:6.39%
999:6.56%
988:6.69%
971:Census
854:Tamil
814:Malay
710:Jaffna
691:Tamils
650:Tamils
644:, the
493:Lebbes
489:Memons
443:Yonaka
420:Iberia
412:Mouros
376:Ampara
359:Bohras
251:Tamils
177:
157:
137:
117:
97:
3273:Moors
3239:Tamil
3188:Vedda
2990:S2CID
2404:S2CID
2357:JSTOR
2330:JSTOR
2246:S2CID
2238:JSTOR
2224:(3).
2214:(PDF)
2150:(2).
1846:JSTOR
1794:(2).
1740:S2CID
1414:inar
1391:aaman
1363:alli
1351:Money
1346:ayam
1317:Drain
1312:NEMT
1286:makal
1275:makan
1234:umma
1212:SLMT
1150:Tamil
1142:Tamil
1109:9.2%
834:Moor
658:Islam
528:Malay
453:India
441:term
424:Moors
416:Moors
408:India
347:Islam
335:North
281:Tamil
241:Arabs
199:Tamil
3254:Jews
3109:ISBN
3071:ISBN
3042:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2957:ISBN
2918:and
2908:ISBN
2874:2014
2843:ISBN
2810:2018
2780:PMID
2728:link
2510:2014
2488:link
2434:2009
2396:ISSN
2298:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2119:ISBN
2080:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2007:and
1971:PMID
1953:ISSN
1906:PMID
1763:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1482:Arab
1462:Arab
1434:Arwi
1408:enar
1402:Well
1385:Item
1374:anam
1357:alli
1340:ayam
1334:Fear
1329:aan
1253:akka
1242:anna
1231:amma
1220:appa
1138:Arwi
1103:2011
1092:1981
1081:1971
1070:1963
1059:1953
1048:1946
1026:1921
1015:1911
1004:1901
993:1891
982:1881
728:and
666:Arab
615:The
526:and
516:Arab
448:Yona
402:The
382:and
366:Arab
339:East
337:and
298:Arwi
2982:doi
2388:doi
2230:doi
2156:doi
1961:PMC
1945:doi
1896:PMC
1888:doi
1800:doi
1732:doi
1486:fez
1428:in
1368:Sky
1323:aan
1309:SMT
1272:Son
1196:of
574:in
543:of
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3099:,
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1943:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
