Nationalism - Knowledge

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their desired objectives can be achieved through the positive outcome of another war. It is linked with irredentism, the conception that a part of the cultural and ethnic nation remains "unredeemed" outside the borders of its appropriate nation state. Revanchist politics often rely on the identification of a nation with a nation state, often mobilizing deep-rooted sentiments of ethnic nationalism, claiming territories outside the state where members of the ethnic group live, while using heavy-handed nationalism to mobilize support for these aims. Revanchist justifications are often presented as based on ancient or even autochthonous occupation of a territory since "time immemorial", an assertion that is usually inextricably involved in revanchism and irredentism, justifying them in the eyes of their proponents.

2452: 4077: 1810: 2285: 2354: 5551:. While nationalism unquestionably helped overcome collective action problems within state borders during the pandemic, it has undermined them at the global scale. The most clear example being been the abject failure of international organizations to coordinate an appropriate response. As they put it, "During the pandemic, a nationalist human calculus has prevailed. Solidarity has been extended to co-nationals but has been less forthcoming beyond that point. All states have responded by turning inward. Border closures have been at the heart of mitigation efforts from the very beginning, and lockdowns legitimated and often enforced through national and patriotic discourses." 4825: 4472: 2000: 3514:

been collaborating with the colonial powers. Nationalistic organizations began to challenge both the traditional and the new colonial structures and finally displaced them. Leaders of nationalist movements took control when the European authorities exited; many ruled for decades or until they died off. These structures included political, educational, religious, and other social organizations. In recent decades, many African countries have undergone the triumph and defeat of nationalistic fervor, changing in the process the loci of the centralizing state power and patrimonial state.

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sees history, especially contemporary history, as the endless rise and decline of great power units and every event that happens seems to him a demonstration that his own side is on the upgrade and some hated rival is on the downgrade. But finally, it is important not to confuse nationalism with mere worship of success. The nationalist does not go on the principle of simply ganging up with the strongest side. On the contrary, having picked his side, he persuades himself that it is the strongest and is able to stick to his belief even when the facts are overwhelmingly against him.

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cross adjacent territories: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia had no group with a majority; Muslim, Serb, Croat, and Yugoslavs stopped leadership from advancing here as well. Political organizations were not able to deal successfully with such diverse nationalisms. Within the territories, leaderships would not compromise. To do so would create a winner in one ethnic group and a loser in another and raise the possibility of a serious conflict. That strengthened the political stance promoting ethnic identities and caused intense and divided political leadership within Yugoslavia.

3479: 4964:, radical extremism, and aggressive-expansionist militarism. The term Integral Nationalism often overlaps with fascism, although many natural points of disagreement exist. Integral nationalism arises in countries where a strong military ethos has become entrenched through the independence struggle, when, once independence is achieved, it is believed that a strong military is required to ensure the security and viability of the new state. Also, the success of such a liberation struggle results in feelings of national superiority that may lead to extreme nationalism. 4296:

repression that was necessary to maintain shared views. Durkheim identified organic solidarity-based societies as modern societies where there exists a division of labour based on social differentiation that causes alienation. Durkheim claimed that social integration in traditional society required authoritarian culture involving acceptance of a social order. Durkheim claimed that modern society bases integration on the mutual benefits of the division of labour, but noted that the impersonal character of modern urban life caused alienation and feelings of

4676:. Civic nationalism is correlated with long-established states whose dynastic rulers had gradually acquired multiple distinct territories, with little change to boundaries, but which contained historical populations of multiple linguistic and/or confessional backgrounds. Since individuals living within different parts of the state territory might have little obvious common ground, civic nationalism developed as a way for rulers to both explain a contemporary reason for such heterogeneity and to provide a common purpose ( 3860:, to increase Serb nationalism further. As mentioned, that nationalism gave rise to powerful emotions which grew the force of Serbian nationalism by highly nationalist demonstrations in Vojvodina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. Serbian nationalism was so high that Slobodan Milošević ousted leaders in Vojvodina and Montenegro, repressed Albanians within Kosovo and eventually controlled four of the eight regions/territories. Slovenia, one of the four regions not under communist control, favoured a democratic state. 2835: 1602: 1974:

more clear than ever a threat to the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, which were essentially multi-national. European culture had been enriched by the new vernacular contributions of little-known or forgotten peoples, but at the same time such unity as it had was imperiled by fragmentation. Moreover, the antagonisms fostered by nationalism had made not only for wars, insurrections, and local hatreds—they had accentuated or created new spiritual divisions in a nominally Christian Europe.

1593:). In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes. Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements. It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, undermine human rights and democratic traditions, and start wars, being frequently cited as a cause of both World Wars. 5523:

television and other media has generated revenues from advertisers and subscribers in the billions of dollars, as the FIFA Scandals of 2015 revealed. Jeff Kingston looks at football, the Commonwealth Games, baseball, cricket, and the Olympics and finds that, "The capacity of sports to ignite and amplify nationalist passions and prejudices is as extraordinary as is their power to console, unify, uplift and generate goodwill." The phenomenon is evident across most of the world. The

4998: 3051: 3082:. He instead endorsed the Piast Concept, which justified a massive shift of Poland's frontiers to the west. After 1945 the Soviet-back puppet communist regime wholeheartedly adopted the Piast Concept, making it the centerpiece of their claim to be the "true inheritors of Polish nationalism". After all the killings, including Nazi German occupation, terror in Poland and population transfers during and after the war, the nation was officially declared as 99% ethnically Polish. 3841: 2213: 4692: 1361: 755: 3876:

Bosnian War. All three major ethnicities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian Muslims, Croats, Serbs) suffered at the hands of each other. The war garnered assistance from groups, Muslim, Orthodox, and Western Christian, and from state actors, which supplied all sides; Saudi Arabia and Iran supported Bosnia; Russia supported Serbia; Central European and the West, including the US, supported Croatia; and the Pope supported Slovenia and Croatia.

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that would then give Kosovo encouragement to become independent from Serbia. Albanians in Kosovo were already practically independent from Kosovo, but Serbia did not want to let Kosovo become independent. Albanian nationalists wanted their own territory, but that would require a redrawing of the map and threaten neighboring territories. When communism fell in Yugoslavia, serious conflict arose, which led to the rise in extreme nationalism.

3709: 3647: 3606: 2764: 1705:(1744–1803) originated the term in 1772 in his "Treatise on the Origin of Language" stressing the role of a common language. He attached exceptional importance to the concepts of nationality and of patriotism – "he that has lost his patriotic spirit has lost himself and the whole world about himself", whilst teaching that "in a certain sense every human perfection is national". 4508:

identities may cross pre-existing ethnic or linguistic divisions. Anti-colonial independence movements in Africa and Asia in the 1900s were led by individuals who had a set of shared identities and imagined a homeland without external rule. Anderson argues that the racism often experienced as a result of colonial rule and attributed to nationalism is rather due to theories of class.

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Croatia and Slovenia, was several times higher than that of the southern territory. That, combined with escalating violence from ethnic Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo, intensified economic conditions. The violence greatly contributed to the rise of extreme nationalism of Serbs in Serbia and the rest of Yugoslavia. The ongoing conflict in Kosovo was propagandized by a communist Serb,

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contributes to anti-colonial nationalism, if one conceives of anti-colonial movements to be movements consisting of one specific ethnic group against an outside ruling party. Edward Said also saw nationalism as ethnic, at least in part, and argued that nationalist narratives often go hand in hand with racism, as communities define themselves in relation to the other.

2660:, the social, political and ideological movement that tried to shape a Spanish national identity based on the Castilian model, in conflict with the other historical nations of the State. Politicians of the time were aware that despite the aggressive policies pursued up to that time, the uniform and monocultural "Spanish nation" did not exist, as indicated in 1835 by 4221:

language understood by a community of people. Modernist theorists note that this is only possible in modern societies, while traditional societies typically lack the prerequisites for nationalism. They lack a modern self-sustainable economy, have divided authorities, and use multiple languages resulting in many groups being unable to communicate with each other.

4684:(1882) as a voluntary partnership for a common endeavor). Renan argued that factors such as ethnicity, language, religion, economics, geography, ruling dynasty and historic military deeds were important but not sufficient. Needed was a spiritual soul that allowed as a "daily referendum" among the people. Civic-national ideals influenced the development of 2254:

Spain. These juntas were established as a result of Napoleon's resistance failure in Spain. They served to determine new leadership and, in colonies like Caracas, abolished the slave trade as well as the Indian tribute. The division exploded between Spaniards who were born in Spain (called "peninsulares") versus those of Spanish descent born in

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reference of their lives from the kingdom of God and the brotherhood of mankind to these apparently more living realities, France and England, Holy Russia, Spain, Prussia.... **** In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the general population of Europe was religious and only vaguely patriotic; by the nineteenth it had become wholly patriotic.

4903:: the nation fulfils the masculine ideals of comradeship and brotherhood. Masculinity has been cited as a notable factor in producing political militancy. A common feature of national crisis is a drastic shift in the socially acceptable ways of being a man, which then helps to shape the gendered perception of the nation as a whole. 5590:. Much of the early opposition to nationalism was related to its geopolitical ideal of a separate state for every nation. The classic nationalist movements of the 19th century rejected the very existence of the multi-ethnic empires in Europe, contrary to an ideological critique of nationalism which developed into several forms of 1833:, where British people began to mobilize on a state-wide scale, rather than just in the smaller units of their province, town or family. The early emergence of a popular patriotic nationalism took place in the mid-18th century and was actively promoted by the British government and by the writers and intellectuals of the time. 2350:

core of his message was the need for a strong, unified state—a unified Germany under Prussian supervision. "It is the highest duty of the State to increase its power," he stated. Although he was a descendant of a Czech family, he considered himself not Slavic but German: "I am 1000 times more the patriot than a professor."

2688:"There is an intimate and decisive dualism, both in Italian fascism and in German National Socialism. On the one hand, the Hegelian doctrine of the absolutism of the state is felt. The State originates in the Nation, educates and shapes the mentality of the individual; is, in Mussolini's words, the soul of the soul." 2557:, an alliance with Hitler's Germany, and humiliation and hardship in the Second World War. After 1945, the Catholics returned to government and tensions eased somewhat, but the former two Sicilies remained poor and partially underdeveloped (by industrial country standards). In the 1950s and early 1960s, Italy had an 5489: 3799:

Governments would become vehicles for social interests, and the country would attempt to form national policies based on the majority culture, religion or ethnicity. Some newly sprouted democracies had large differences in policies on matters, which ranged from immigration and human rights to trade and commerce.

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real or imagined situations in combination with immediate situations that make individuals confront a common situation of both subjective and objective components that affect their decisions. As such proximate environments cause people to make decisions based on existing situations and anticipated situations.

3143:("History of the Slav-Bulgarians"), which appeared in 1762, was the first work of Bulgarian historiography. It is considered Paisius' greatest work and one of the greatest pieces of Bulgarian literature. In it, Paisius interpreted Bulgarian medieval history with the goal of reviving the spirit of his nation. 4617:

ability to assimilate with the nation due to its belonging to a cross-border community (Irish Catholics in Britain, Ashkenazic Jews in France). On the other hand, while subnational separatist movements were commonly associated with ethnic nationalism, this was not always so, and such nationalists as the

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not only shapes what masculine and feminine participation in the building of that nation will look like, but also how the nation will be imagined by nationalists. A nation having its own identity is viewed as necessary, and often inevitable, and these identities are gendered. The physical land itself

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often rejected the liberal, national unitary state, yet identified themselves not with an ethnic nation but with a non-national dynasty and regional feudal privileges. Xenophobic movements in long-established Western European states indeed often took a 'civic national' form, rejecting a given group's

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Philosopher and scholar Achille Mbembe argues that post-colonialism is a contradictory term, because colonialism is ever present. Those that participate in this intellectual practice envision a post-colonialism despite its being the defining frame for the world. This is the case with anti-colonialism

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as the site that originally conceived of nationalism as a concept, which is defined by its imagination of an ahistorical identity that negates colonialism by definition. This concept of nationalism was exemplified by the transformation of settler colonies into nations, while anti-colonial nationalism

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expanded upon Tönnies' recognition of alienation and defined the differences between traditional and modern societies as being between societies based upon "mechanical solidarity" versus societies based on "organic solidarity". Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity as involving custom, habit, and

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noted that the key distinction between traditional societies defined as "status" societies based on family association and functionally diffuse roles for individuals and modern societies defined as "contract" societies where social relations are determined by rational contracts pursued by individuals

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In Slovenia, fear was mounting because Milošević would use the militia to suppress the country, as had occurred in Kosovo. Half of Yugoslavia wanted to be democratic, the other wanted a new nationalist authoritarian regime. In fall of 1989, tensions came to a head, and Slovenia asserted its political

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in the 1990s. That left many people with no identity. The people under communist rule had to integrate, but they now found themselves free to choose. That made long-dormant conflicts rise and create sources of serious conflict. When communism fell in Yugoslavia, serious conflict arose, which led to a

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rom this moment I will destroy the old and build the new, and fight for the self-determination of the people, and will apply all my strength to the support of the Chinese Republic and the realization of democracy through the Three Principles, ... for the progress of good government, the happiness and

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instead had various religious reasonings for returning to Israel. Although according to historian David Engel, Zionism was more about fear that Jews would end up dispersed and unprotected, rather than fulfilling old prophecies of historical texts. The efforts of the Zionist movement culminated in the

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of early 19th century often assimilated into the dominant culture. Both assimilation and the traditional second-class status of Jews were considered as threats to the Jewish identity by Jewish nationalists. The method of combatting these threats were different among different national movements among

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pursued policies whose openly aggressive character would not be equaled until the days of the Fascist regime. Crispi increased military expenditure, talked cheerfully of a European conflagration, and alarmed his German or British friends with these suggestions of preventative attacks on his enemies.

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modification of the human race, and the eradication of human beings that they deemed inferior. But their goals were trans-national and intended to spread across as much of the world as they could achieve. Although Nazism glorified German history, it also embraced the supposed virtues and achievements

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who achieved German unification through a series of highly successful short wars against Denmark, Austria and France which thrilled the pan-German nationalists in the smaller German states. They fought in his wars and eagerly joined the new German Empire, which Bismarck ran as a force for balance and

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A nationalist is one who thinks solely, or mainly, in terms of competitive prestige. He may be a positive or a negative nationalist—that is, he may use his mental energy either in boosting or in denigrating—but at any rate his thoughts always turn on victories, defeats, triumphs and humiliations. He

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Sport spectacles like football's World Cup command worldwide audiences as nations battle for supremacy and the fans invest intense support for their national team. Increasingly people have tied their loyalties and even their cultural identity to national teams. The globalization of audiences through

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Creole nationalism is the ideology that emerged in independence movements among the creoles (descendants of the colonizers), especially in Latin America in the early 19th century. It was facilitated when French Emperor Napoleon seized control of Spain and Portugal, breaking the chain of control from

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Because of colonialism's creation of state and country lines across ethnic, religious, linguistic and other historical boundaries, anti-colonial nationalism is largely related to land first. After independence, especially in countries with particularly diverse populations with historic enmity, there

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Henceforth, until the enemies have been driven from the territory of the Republic, all the French are in permanent requisition for army service. The young men shall go to battle; the married men shall forge arms in the hospitals; the children shall turn old linen to lint; the old men shall repair to

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revolutions massively augmented the widespread appeal of patriotic nationalism. Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power further established nationalism when he invaded much of Europe. Napoleon used this opportunity to spread revolutionary ideas, resulting in much of the 19th-century European Nationalism.

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History, political ideologies, and religions place most nations along a continuum of muscular nationalism. Muscular nationalism conceptualizes a nation's identity as being derived from muscular or masculine attributes that are unique to a particular country. If definitions of nationalism and gender

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The humiliation of being a second-class citizen led regional minorities in multiethnic states, such as Great Britain, Spain, France, Germany, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, to define nationalism in terms of loyalty to their minority culture, especially language and religion. Forced assimilation was

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Civic nationalism defines the nation as an association of people who identify themselves as belonging to the nation, who have equal and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar political procedures. According to the principles of civic nationalism, the nation is not based on common ethnic

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Approached through the primordialist perspective, the example of seeing the mobilization of a foreign military force on the nation's borders may provoke members of a national group to unify and mobilize themselves in response. There are proximate environments where individuals identify nonimmediate

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The primordialist perspective is based upon evolutionary theory. This approach has been popular with the general public but is typically rejected by experts. Laland and Brown report that "the vast majority of professional academics in the social sciences not only ... ignore evolutionary methods but

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claimed the change that developed modern society and nations is the result of the rise of a charismatic leader to power in a society who creates a new tradition or a rational-legal system that establishes the supreme authority of the state. Weber's conception of charismatic authority has been noted

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The sociological or modernist interpretation of nationalism and nation-building argues that nationalism arises and flourishes in modern societies that have an industrial economy capable of self-sustainability, a central supreme authority capable of maintaining authority and unity, and a centralized

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In the 1970s, the leadership of the separate territories in Yugoslavia protected only territorial interests, at the expense of other territories. In Croatia, there was almost a split within the territory between Serbs and Croats so that any political decision would kindle unrest, and tensions could

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Across Africa, nationalism drew upon the organizational skills that natives had learned in the British and French, and other armies during the world wars. It led to organizations that were not controlled by or endorsed by either the colonial powers or the traditional local power structures that had

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in France 1894–1906 made the battle against treason and disloyalty a central theme for conservative Catholic French nationalists. Dreyfus, a Jew, was an outsider, that is in the views of intense nationalists, not a true Frenchman, not one to be trusted, not one to be given the benefit of the doubt.

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which demands the return of lost territory that "belongs" to the national homeland. Revanchism draws its strength from patriotic and retributionist thought and it is often motivated by economic or geo-political factors. Extreme revanchist ideologues often represent a hawkish stance, suggesting that

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For the politically dominant cultural group, assimilation was necessary to minimize disloyalty and treason and therefore became a major component of nationalism. A second factor for the politically dominant group was competition with neighboring states—nationalism involved a rivalry, especially in

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reinterpreted Darwin's theory of natural selection "often in ways inconsistent with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution" by making unsupported claims of biological difference among groups, ethnicities, races, and nations. Modern evolutionary sciences have distanced themselves from such views, but

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posits that external threats can foster nationalist sentiment: "External threats have such a powerful effect on nationalism because people realize in a profound manner that they are under threat because of who they are as a nation; they are forced to recognize that it is only as a nation that they

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Also, within the territory, the Croats and the Serbs were in direct competition for control of government. Elections were held and increased potential conflicts between Serbian and Croat nationalism. Serbia wanted to be separate and to decide its own future based on its own ethnic composition, but

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The academic Steven Berg felt that the root of nationalist conflicts was the demand for autonomy and a separate existence. That nationalism can give rise to strong emotions, which may lead to a group fighting to survive, especially as after the fall of communism, political boundaries did not match

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more like Russia's. The collapse of the Russian Empire in the First World War enabled the major powers to re-establish an independent Poland, which survived until 1939. Meanwhile, Poles in areas controlled by Germany moved into heavy industry but their religion came under attack by Bismarck in the

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The most influential of the German nationalist historians, was Treitschke who had an enormous influence on elite students at Heidelberg and Berlin universities. Treitschke vehemently attacked parliamentarianism, socialism, pacifism, the English, the French, the Jews, and the internationalists. The

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Between 1830 and 1870 nationalism had thus made great strides. It inspired great literature, quickened scholarship, and nurtured heroes. It had shown its power both to unify and to divide. It had led to great achievements of political construction and consolidation in Germany and Italy; but it was

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identifies Herder as the first philosopher to explicitly suggest "that identities based on language should be regarded as the primary source of legitimate political authority or locus of political resistance". Herder also encouraged the creation of a common cultural and language policy amongst the

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Some nationalists exclude certain groups. Some nationalists, defining the national community in ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historic, or religious terms (or a combination of these), may then seek to deem certain minorities as not truly being a part of the 'national community' as they define it.

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who described "civic" nationalism as "Western" and more democratic while depicting "ethnic" nationalism as "Eastern" and undemocratic. Since the 1980s, scholars of nationalism have pointed out numerous flaws in this rigid division and proposed more specific classifications and numerous varieties.

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argued that "[while patriotism is as old as human association and has gradually widened its sphere from the clan and the tribe to the city and the state, nationalism as an operative principle and an articulate creed only made its appearance among the more complicated intellectual processes of the

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Adria Lawrence has argued that nationalism in the colonial world was spurred by failures of colonial powers to extend equal political rights to the subjects in the colonies, thus prompting them to pursue independence. Michael Hechter has argued similarly that "peripheral nationalisms" formed when

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In the 1980s, Yugoslavia began to break into fragments. Economic conditions within Yugoslavia were deteriorating. Conflict in the disputed territories was stimulated by the rise in mass nationalism and ethnic hostilities. The per capita income of people in the northwestern territory, encompassing

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proposed that the fall of communism would cause large numbers of people to search for unity and that small-scale wars would become common, as groups will attempt to redraw boundaries, identities, cultures and ideologies. The fall of communism also allowed for an "us vs. them" mentality to return.

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were independent). They ruled until after World War II when forces of nationalism grew much stronger. In the 1950s and the 1960s, colonial holdings became independent states. The process was usually peaceful but there were several long bitter bloody civil wars, as in Algeria, Kenya and elsewhere.

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commonalities across many nations; they are defined by the masculine notions of aggression, willingness to engage in war, decisiveness, and muscular strength, as opposed to the feminine notions of peacefulness, weakness, non-violence, and compassion. This masculinized image of a warrior has been

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The status of conquered nations can become a causality dilemma: the nation was "conquered because they were effeminate and seen as effeminate because they were conquered." In defeat they are considered militaristically unskilled, not aggressive, and thus not muscular. In order for a nation to be

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for the purpose of the exclusion of the so-called "other," who is used to reinforce the unifying ties of the nation. The empowerment of one gender, nation or sexuality tends to occur at the expense and disempowerment of another; in this way, nationalism can be used as an instrument to perpetuate

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Nationalism again gave rise to powerful emotions, which evoked, in some extreme cases, a willingness to die for what one believed, a fight for the survival of the group. The end of communism began a long period of conflict and war for the region. For six years, 200,000–500,000 people died in the

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Wherever one turns in Europe, their seminal position in generating and analysing the concepts, myths, symbols and ideology of nationalism is apparent. This applies to the first appearance of the core doctrine and to the antecedent concepts of national character, genius of the nation and national

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put the case for "nationalism as insanity" in 1862. He argued that nationalism suppresses minorities, places country above moral principles and creates a dangerous individual attachment to the state. He opposed democracy and tried to defend the pope from Italian nationalism. Since the late 20th

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he articulation of cultural evolutionary theory represents theoretical progress over sociobiology, but its explanatory payoff remains limited due to the role of contingency in human affairs and the significance of non-evolutionary, proximate causal factors. While evolutionary theory undoubtedly

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In August 1990, a warning to the region was issued when ethnically divided groups attempted to alter the government structure. The republic borders established by the Communist regime in the postwar period were extremely vulnerable to challenges from ethnic communities. Ethnic communities arose

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which were located there. Spain was at war with Britain from 1798 to 1808, and the British Royal Navy cut off its contacts with its colonies, so nationalism flourished and trade with Spain was suspended. The colonies set up temporary governments or juntas which were effectively independent from

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s the idea of Christianity as a world brotherhood of men sank into discredit because of its fatal entanglement with priestcraft and the Papacy on the one hand and with the authority of princes on the other, and the age of faith passed into our present age of doubt and disbelief, men shifted the

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propelled many intellectuals to "discover alternative principles and concepts, and a new mythology and symbolism, to legitimate and ground human thought and action". He discusses the simultaneous concept of 'historicism' to describe an emerging belief in the birth, growth, and decay of specific

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Nationalism is considered by its critics to be inherently divisive, as adherents may draw upon and highlight perceived differences between people, emphasizing an individual's identification with their own nation. They also consider the idea to be potentially oppressive, because it can submerge

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strongly emphasized sports among its soldiers and agents across the world, and often the locals joined in enthusiastically. It established a high prestige competition in 1930, named the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, British

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Nativist nationalism is a type of nationalism similar to creole or territorial types of nationalism, but which defines belonging to a nation solely by being born on its territory. In countries where strong nativist nationalism exists, people who were not born in the country are seen as lesser

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and economic independence from Yugoslavia and seceded. In January 1990, there was a total break with Serbia at the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, an institution that had been conceived by Milošević to strengthen unity and later became the backdrop for the fall of communism in Yugoslavia.

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Territorial nationalists assume that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption. A sacred quality is sought in the nation and in the popular memories it evokes. Citizenship is idealized by territorial nationalists. A criterion of a territorial

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Nationalist mobilization in French colonial Africa and British colonial India developed "when colonial regimes refused to cede rights to their increasingly well-educated colonial subjects", who formed indigenous elites and strategically adopted and adapted nationalist tactics. New national

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A distinct manifestation of Spanish nationalism in modern Spanish politics is the interchange of attacks with competing regional nationalisms. Initially present after the end of Francoism in a rather diffuse and reactive form, the Spanish nationalist discourse has been often self-branded as

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theory of nationalism argues that nationalism works for combining one culture or ethnicity in one state, which leads to that state's success. For Gellner, nationalism is ethnic, and state political parties should reflect the ethnic majority in the state. This definition of nationalism also

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Historians, sociologists and anthropologists have debated different types of nationalism since at least the 1930s. Generally, the most common way of classifying nationalism has been to describe movements as having either "civic" or "ethnic" nationalist characteristics. This distinction was

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Critics argue that primordial models relying on evolutionary psychology are based not on historical evidence but on assumptions of unobserved changes over thousands of years and assume stable genetic composition of the population living in a specific area and are incapable of handling the

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are often thought to be early liberal nationalists. Liberal nationalists often defend the value of national identity by saying that individuals need a national identity to lead meaningful, autonomous lives, and that liberal democratic polities need national identity to function properly.

4443:, as a result of people living together generation after generation"; and, in its entirety: "a nation is a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture." 5181:

A position developed in Europe during the 1990s, national-anarchist groups have seen arisen worldwide, most prominently in Australia (New Right Australia/New Zealand), Germany (International National Anarchism) and the United States (BANA). National-anarchism has been described as a

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elucidates the development of all organic life, it would seem to operate best at macro-levels of analysis, "distal" points of explanation, and from the perspective of the long-term. Hence, it is bound to display shortcomings at micro-level events that are highly contingent in nature.

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describes nations as artificial constructs, "their boundaries drawn in the blood of past wars". He argues that "there is no country on earth which is not home to more than one different but usually coexisting culture. Cultural heritage is not the same thing as national identity".

2336:(1834–1896). Droysen moved from liberalism to an intense nationalism that celebrated Prussian Protestantism, efficiency, progress, and reform, in striking contrast to Austrian Catholicism, impotency and backwardness. He idealized the Hohenzollern kings of Prussia. His large-scale 2700:"The modern history of Spain is an unfortunate history that meant that we did not consolidate a modern State. Independentists think that the nation makes the State. I think the opposite. The State makes the nation. A strong State, which imposes its language, culture, education." 10382:

In 2008, she made an unsuccessful run at the LDP's chairmanship. Following her defeat, she worked to build an internal party network and became involved in a revisionist group of lawmakers that serves as the mouthpiece of the ultraconservative Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference")

5284:". The few scholars who have studied national-anarchism conclude that it represents a further evolution in the thinking of the radical right rather than an entirely new dimension on the political spectrum. National-anarchism is considered by anarchists as being a rebranding of 2721:. The strong interface of nationalism with colonialism is another feature of 19th-century nation building in Spain, with the defence of slavery and colonialism in Cuba being often able to reconcile tensions between mainland elites of Catalonia and Madrid throughout the period. 3803:

ethnic boundaries. Serious conflicts often arose and escalated very easily, as individuals and groups acted upon their beliefs and caused death and destruction. When that happens, states unable to contain the conflict run the risk of slowing their progress at democratization.

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Critics of nationalism have argued that it is often unclear what constitutes a nation, or whether a nation is a legitimate unit of political rule. Nationalists hold that the boundaries of a nation and a state should coincide with one another, thus nationalism tends to oppose

2568:, and it looked to Moscow rather than Rome for inspiration and was kept out of the national government even as it controlled some industrial cities across the North. In the 21st century, the Communists have become marginal but political tensions remained high as shown by 3038:

a thousand years before, and modern Polish nationalists should restore its central values of Poland for the Poles. Jan Poplawski had developed the "Piast Concept" in the 1890s, and it formed the centerpiece of Polish nationalist ideology, especially as presented by the

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distinguishes nationalism from patriotism (which he defines as devotion to a particular place). More abstractly, nationalism is "power-hunger tempered by self-deception". For Orwell, the nationalist is more likely than not dominated by irrational negative impulses:

2066: 2533:

His policies were ruinous, both for Italy's trade with France, and, more humiliatingly, for colonial ambitions in East Africa. Crispi's lust for territory there was thwarted when on 1 March 1896, the armies of Ethiopian Emperor Menelik routed Italian forces at

4880:

theorized to be "the culmination of a series of gendered historical and social processes" played out in a national and international context. Ideas of cultural dualism—of a martial man and chaste woman—which are implicit in muscular nationalism, underline the

1638:

was also applied before 1800 in Europe in reference to the inhabitants of a country as well as to collective identities that could include shared history, law, language, political rights, religion and traditions, in a sense more akin to the modern conception.

2262:" in English). The two groups wrestled for power, with the criollos leading the call for independence. Spain tried to use its armies to fight back but had no help from European powers. Indeed, Britain and the United States worked against Spain, enforcing the 9946: 1789:

but even more for its impact on Germans and Italians and on European intellectuals. The template of nationalism, as a method for mobilizing public opinion around a new state based on popular sovereignty, went back further than 1789: philosophers such as

9810:

Koronaiou, Alexandra; Lagos, Evangelos; Sakellariou, Alexandros; Kymionis, Stelios; Chiotaki-Poulou, Irini (1 December 2015). "Golden Dawn, Austerity and Young People: The Rise of Fascist Extremism Among Young People in Contemporary Greek Society".

3868:

because they did not share the identity with everyone within the new post-communist borders, which threatened the new governments. The same disputes were erupting that were in place prior to Milošević and were compounded by actions from his regime.

3180:

Jewish nationalism arose in the latter half of the 19th century, largely as a response to the rise of nation-states. Traditionally Jews lived under uncertain and oppressive conditions. In western Europe, Jews not subject to such restrictions since

2323:

In the 19th century, German nationalism was promoted by Hegelian-oriented academic historians who saw Prussia as the true carrier of the German spirit, and the power of the state as the ultimate goal of nationalism. The three main historians were

2680:, it was the state that created the nation, and not the opposite process) is an ideal that the Spanish elites constantly reiterated, and, one hundred years later than Alcalá Galiano, for example, we can also find it in the mouth of the fascist 5535:

The French Empire was not far behind the British in the use of sports to strengthen colonial solidarity with France. Colonial officials promoted and subsidized gymnastics, table games, and dance and helped football spread to French colonies.

5445:

Religious nationalism is the relationship of nationalism to a particular religious belief, dogma, or affiliation where a shared religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of national unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation.

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considered "proper", it must possess the male-gendered characteristics of virility, as opposed to the stereotypically female characteristics of subservience and dependency. Muscular nationalism is often inseparable from the concept of a

4199:

can successfully defeat the threat". With increased external threats, the state's extractive capacities increase. He links the lack of external threats to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, post-independence, to weak state nationalism and

2428:

in other countries, including India. The Nazis' Aryanism longed for now-extinct species of superior bulls once used as livestock by Aryans and other features of Aryan history that never resided within the borders of Germany as a nation.

1645:

as derived from the noun designating 'nations' is a newer word; in the English language, dating to around 1798. The term gained wider prominence in the 19th century. The term increasingly became negative in its connotations after 1914.

5380:

even if they became naturalized. It is cultural as people will never see a foreign-born person as one of them and is legal as such people are banned for life from holding certain jobs, especially government jobs. In scholarly studies,

4319:

The evolutionary theory of nationalism perceives nationalism to be the result of the evolution of human beings into identifying with groups, such as ethnic groups, or other groups that form the foundation of a nation. Roger Masters in

10212:... Nippon Kaigi Parts of the Japanese establishment have ties with a large far-right voluntary organization, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), whose ranks include grassroots members across the nation as well as national and local ... 4207:

argues that nationalism increases the intensity of war, and that states deliberately promote nationalism with the aim of improving their military capabilities. Most new nation-states since 1815 have emerged through decolonization.

4126:

running a distinctly nationalist campaign. Contrary to the policies of his recent predecessors, he distanced the country from the Philippines' former ruler, the United States, and sought closer ties with China (as well as Russia).

10276:

Every year far-right nationalist groups – including Nippon Kaigi – private citizens and government officials visit the Yasukuni Shrine. Many wear uniforms or clothing linked to the Imperial Army and display the Japanese imperial

4842:

structures of power. The gendered manner in which dominant nationalism has been imagined in most states in the world has had important implications on not only individual's lived experience, but on international relations.

10334: 4138:. Reactions from world leaders were mixed, with Western European leaders generally expressing concern while the leaders of many of the more authoritarian regimes as well as President Trump offered their congratulations. 2760:" since the 1980s. Often ignored as in the case of other State nationalisms, its alleged "non-existence" has been a commonplace espoused by prominent figures in the public sphere as well as the mass-media in the country. 1958:

culminated with the ethnic/national revolutions of Europe. During the 19th century nationalism became one of the most significant political and social forces in history; it is typically listed among the top causes of

2612:

was the first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state. As in other contemporary European states, political union was the first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state, in this case not on a uniform

1657:

Academics define nationalism as a political principle that holds that the nation and state should be congruent. According to Lisa Weeden, nationalist ideology presumes that "the people" and the state are congruent.

3288:

by Japan in 1905, demonstrating the military advancement of non-Europeans in a modern war. The defeat quickly led to manifestations of a new interest in nationalism in China, as well as Turkey and Persia. In China

2491:

and ultimately proved a bit weak. The new government treated the newly annexed South as a kind of underdeveloped province due to its "backward" and poverty-stricken society, its poor grasp of standard Italian (as

9936: 2419:. Lebensraum was thus a vast project for advancing the Aryan race far outside of any particular nation or national borders. The Nazi's goals were racist focused on advancing the Aryan race as they perceived it, 7205: 4925:

There are different types of nationalism including Risorgimento nationalism and Integral nationalism. Whereas risorgimento nationalism applies to a nation seeking to establish a liberal state (for example the

3431:

from 1936 to his death in 1941. It advocated for the Third Hellenic Civilization, a culturally superior Greek civilization that would be the successor of the First and Second Greek civilizations, that were

4324:

describes the primordial explanation of the origin of ethnic and national groups as recognizing group attachments that are thought to be unique, emotional, intense, and durable because they are based upon

3338:, and blind adherence to tradition were the enemies. Intellectuals struggled with how to be strong and modern and yet Chinese, how to preserve China as a political entity in the world of competing nations. 4719:

the Spanish and Portuguese kings to the local governors. Allegiance to the Napoleonic states was rejected, and increasingly the creoles demanded independence. They achieved it after civil wars 1808–1826.

4150:

have theorized about the foundations of the modern nation-state and the concept of sovereignty. The concept of nationalism in political science draws from these theoretical foundations. Philosophers like

10604: 2032:

was a powerful motivating force for a quarter century after their defeat by Germany in 1871. After 1895, French nationalists focused on Dreyfus and internal subversion, and the Alsace issue petered out.

11821: 4099:, a businessman with no political experience who ran on a populist/nationalist platform and struggled to gain endorsements from mainstream political figures, even within his own party. Trump's slogans " 3547:, a movement toward liberating and empowering the Arab peoples of the Middle East, emerged during the late 19th century, inspired by other independence movements of the 18th and 19th centuries. As the 10665: 10246:

In 1997 nationalist intellectuals, politicians, and religious leaders formed the largest far-right advocacy group, Japan Conference (Nippon kaigi), formed as a result of the merger between the two ...

6585: 4111:

vote. On 22 October 2018, two weeks before the mid-term elections President Trump openly proclaimed that he was a nationalist to a cheering crowd at a rally in Texas in support of re-electing Senator

2792:

and failed Greek revolts against the Ottoman Empire (such as the Orlofika revolt in southern Greece in 1770, and the Epirus-Macedonian revolt of Northern Greece in 1575), Greek nationalism led to the

1698:

peoples and cultures, which became "increasingly attractive as a framework for inquiry into the past and present and an explanatory principle in elucidating the meaning of events, past and present".

11783: 4175:

provides the most commonly used definition of the state, "that human community which successfully lays claim to the monopoly of legitimate physical violence within a certain territory". According to

9847: 10512: 1634:

between Catholic and Protestant European nations, Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations in the context of oppositions stemming from religious differences. The word

4107:" exemplified his campaign's repudiation of globalism and its staunchly nationalistic outlook. His unexpected victory in the election was seen as part of the same trend that had brought about the 12554: 5625:) produced political analyses that were critical of the nationalist movements then active in Central and Eastern Europe, although a variety of other contemporary socialists and communists, from 4821:

is often gendered as female (i.e. "Motherland"), with a body in constant danger of violation by foreign males, while national pride and protectiveness of "her" borders is gendered as masculine.

11526:

Both these approaches are shown to be within the framework of 'composite nationalism', where Indian Christians maintained their communal distinctiveness while aspiring for national integration.

10865: 8568:[The link to the Galeusca Manifest in article 3 denounces the asymmetry between Spanish and the other languages of the Estat Espanyol, including Catalan.] (in Catalan). Archived from 4364: 2537:

in what has been defined as an unparalleled disaster for a modern army. Crispi, whose private life and personal finances were objects of perennial scandal, went into dishonorable retirement.

7693: 10299: 8337:"When the Nazis Tried to Bring Animals Back From Extinction: Their ideology of genetic purity extended to aspirations about reviving a pristine landscape with ancient animals and forests" 1527:

and historically contingent. Perennialism, a softer version of primordialism which accepts that nations are modern phenomena but with long historical roots, is subject to academic debate.

4518:

Anti-colonial nationalism is not static and is defined by different forms of nationalism depending on location. In the anti-colonial movement that took place in the Indian subcontinent,

4285:("society") as an impersonal society that is modern. Although he recognized the advantages of modern societies, he also criticized them for their cold and impersonal nature that caused 2617:

basis, but through the imposition of the political and cultural characteristics of the dominant ethnic group, in this case the Castilians, over those of other ethnic groups, who became

2028:

This nationalism gained pace after the French Revolution came to a close. Defeat in war, with a loss in territory, was a powerful force in nationalism. In France, revenge and return of

11969: 10138: 4749:

shared between members of the group, and with their ancestors. It is different from a purely cultural definition of "the nation," which allows people to become members of a nation by

1774:

than perhaps anywhere else in the ancient world", adding that this observation "must make us wary of pronouncing too readily against the possibility of the nation, and even a form of

10430: 9491:

Barber, Benjamin (1992). "Jihad vs. McWorld: the two axial principles of our age—tribalism and globalism—clash at every point except one: they may both be threatening to democracy".

3397:

among others) that were popular in the late 19th and early to 20th centuries, led to many Greek states and regions that were ethnically Greek to eventually unite with Greece and the

5720:

have also expressed their opposition to nationalism, to the extent that some transhumanists believe national identities should be dissolved entirely. The influential transhumanist

2052:

True loyalty to the nation, from the conservative viewpoint, was threatened by liberal and republican principles of liberty and equality that were leading the country to disaster.

4608:, although the two are distinct, and did not always coincide. On the one hand, until the late 19th and early 20th century adherents to anti-Enlightenment movements such as French 13005: 10324: 13783: 13648: 9914: 8080: 6138: 3126:

in the late 18th and early 19th century, under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French Revolution.

13332: 12384: 8346: 8931: 3964:

in 2014 and other actions in Ukraine. Nationalist movements gradually began to rise in Central Europe as well, particularly Poland, under the influence of the ruling party,

3310:

in 1919. It was a nationwide protest movement about the domestic backwardness of China and has often been depicted as the intellectual foundation for Chinese Communism. The

13631: 12792: 6228: 6192: 4808:

Feminist critique interprets nationalism as a mechanism through which sexual control and repression are justified and legitimized, often by a dominant masculine power. The

4011:

in India, with the election and re-election of populist leader Narendra Modi as Prime Minister, who promised economic prosperity for all and an end to corruption. Militant

3833:

in the southeast. Croatia and Slovenia were subsequently more economically and industrially advanced and remained as such throughout existence of both forms of Yugoslavia.

15142: 10347:

Abe and Kagoike, who has indicated he will resign as principal, both belong to an ultra-conservative lobby group whose members include more than a dozen cabinet ministers.

5824: 1798:, whose ideas influenced the French Revolution, had themselves been influenced or encouraged by the example of earlier constitutionalist liberation movements, notably the 690: 3551:

declined and the Middle East was carved up by the Great Powers of Europe, Arabs sought to establish their own independent nations ruled by Arabs, rather than foreigners.

10077: 1917: 5658:

political tradition, there was mostly a negative attitude toward nationalism as a dangerous force and a cause of conflict and war between nation-states. The historian

3257:

instead advocated for Jewish national autonomy within the territory they already lived in. Most manifestations of this movement were left-wing in nature, and actively

3062:

The Piast concept stood in opposition to the "Jagiellon Concept," which allowed for multi-ethnicism and Polish rule over numerous minority groups such as those in the

2665: 5407:

Racial nationalism is an ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity. Racial nationalism seeks to preserve a given race through policies such as

10108: 10038: 7723: 12327: 9762: 4855:

oppression being justified by colonialist images of the "other", a practice integral in the formation of Western identity. This "othering" may come in the form of

4056: 5698:. National symbols and patriotic assertiveness are in some countries discredited by their historical link with past wars, especially in Germany. British pacifist 14032: 10369: 5574:. It can also lead to conflict when more than one national group finds itself claiming rights to a particular territory or seeking to take control of the state. 3306:

The Kuomintang largely ran China until the Communists took over in 1949. But the latter had also been strongly influenced by Sun's nationalism as well as by the

12756: 10600: 6704: 1413:. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its 11799: 6983: 4044:

organization. The new movement has advocated re-establishing Japan as a military power and pushed revisionist historical narratives denying events such as the

4069:). As the promise of continued European Union membership was a core feature of the anti-independence campaign during the Scottish referendum, there have been 12695: 10657: 1738:

wrote that "something strangely like modern nationalism is documented for many peoples in medieval times and in classical times as well," citing the ancient

11755: 10578: 9882: 7390: 6625: 6582: 13293: 5045:

edict, which declares that nationalism can be used in an internationalist context, fighting for national liberation without racial or religious divisions.

2681: 14208: 8313: 4115:

who was once an adversary. On 29 October 2018 Trump equated nationalism to patriotism, saying "I'm proud of this country and I call that ''nationalism.''

1966:

Napoleon's conquests of the German and Italian states around 1800–1806 played a major role in stimulating nationalism and the demands for national unity.

1541:, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible. Proponents of this theory describe nations as " 1512:, the idea that "the people" should rule is developed by political theorists. Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: 14015: 13805: 7750: 2708:. From 1812 on, revisiting the previous history of Spain, Spanish liberalism tended to take for granted the national conscience and the Spanish nation. 12544: 13169: 10849: 10539: 8566:"Enllaç al Manifest Galeusca on en l'article 3 es denuncia l'asimetria entre el castellà i les altres llengües de l'Estat Espanyol, inclosa el català" 4499:

defined a nation as a socially constructed community that is co-created by individuals who imagine themselves as part of this group. He points to the

17521: 5276:

dates back as far as the 1920s, the contemporary national-anarchist movement has been put forward since the late 1990s by British political activist

3844: 7187:

Nationalism as we understand it is not older than the second half of the eighteenth century. Its first great manifestation was the French Revolution

2704:

The creation of the tradition of the political community of Spaniards as common destiny over other communities has been argued to trace back to the

7685: 4756:

Whereas nationalism in and of itself does not imply a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity or country over others, some nationalists support

4070: 11198: 4264:

to advance their interests. Maine saw the development of societies as moving away from traditional status societies to modern contract societies.

2580:

has come to partially embrace a moderate version of Italian nationalism over the years) and other separatist movements spread across the country.

8732: 4688:

in multiethnic countries such as the United States and France, as well as in constitutional monarchies such as Great Britain, Belgium and Spain.

12051: 11484: 10489: 10289: 2340:(14 vol 1855–1886) was foundational for nationalistic students and scholars. Von Sybel founded and edited the leading academic history journal, 2148:

By the 1860s, as a result of educational indoctrination, and due to conservative resistance to ideas and ideologies which were transmitted from

15675: 15192: 7905:

J. P. T. Bury, "Nationalities and Nationalism," in J. P. T. Bury, ed. "The New Cambridge Modern History Vol. 10 (1830–70)" (1960) pp. 213–245

11099:

Robert Hislope "From Ontology to Analogy: Evolutionary Theories and the Explanation of Ethnic Politics: in Patrick James and David Goetze ed.

6299: 3810:. The national census numbers from 1971 to 1981 measured an increase from 1.3% to 5.4% in the population that ethnically identified itself as 2545:

after getting promises of territory, but its war effort was not honored after the war and this fact discredited liberalism paving the way for

12503: 11953: 10130: 3814:. That meant that the country, almost as a whole, was divided by distinctive religious, ethnic and national loyalties after nearly 50 years. 785: 10168: 8157:

Karen Hagemann, "Of 'manly valor' and 'German Honor': nation, war, and masculinity in the age of the Prussian uprising against Napoleon."

4007:, a right-wing party which has been ruling India at the national level since 2014. The rise in religious nationalism comes with the rise of 2744:

principles with traditional Spanish nationalism. The authoritarian national ideal resumed during the Francoist dictatorship, in the form of

2015:

Nationalism in France gained early expressions in France's revolutionary government. In 1793, that government declared a mass conscription (

12981: 10422: 5768: 1890:

explores how the role of nationalism emerged in about 1700 and developed in Britain reaching full form in the 1830s. Writing shortly after

8110: 3243:, the main territorialist organization lost support, eventually disbanding in the 1925. Smaller territorialist movements lasted until the 10000: 9042: 7806: 3817:

Nationalist separatism of Croatia and Slovenia from the rest of Yugoslavia has basis in historical imperialist conquests of the region (

2593: 16465: 16106: 13197: 8669: 7633: 2924:

came under control of the Serbian army, later the Great National Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs voted to join Serbia; the

1389: 12997: 7960:

Karine Varley, "The Taboos of Defeat: Unmentionable Memories of the Franco-Prussian War in France, 1870–1914." in Jenny Macleod, ed.,

2475:(meaning the "Resurgence" or "Revival"). It was the political and intellectual movement that consolidated the different states of the 10634: 2156:

had emerged and it produced both a sense of Russian nationalism and a nationalistic mission to support and protect pan-Slavism. This

1882: 1723: 13751: 12453: 11671: 9904: 8072: 7246:

Tom Garvin, “Ethnic Markers, Modern Nationalisms, and the Nightmare of History,” in Kruger, ed., ¨ Ethnicity and Nationalism, p. 67.

6104: 2184:. Slavophiles opposed the Western European influences which had been transmitted to Russia and they were also determined to protect 16650: 13363: 13319: 12381: 8336: 7564:... It produced the modern doctrine of nationalism, and spread it directly throughout Western Europe ...", Oxford, 2009, 6791: 4092: 3302:

perpetual peace of the people, and for the strengthening of the foundations of the state in the name of peace throughout the world.

3154:

was established in 1870/1872 for the Bulgarian diocese wherein at least two-thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it.

2524:

with an aggressive foreign policy. It partially crashed and his cause was set back. Of his nationalistic foreign policy, historian

11895: 8888: 6556: 5586:

individual identity within a national whole and give elites or political leaders potential opportunities to manipulate or control

3972:). In Hungary, the anti-immigration rhetoric and stance against foreign influence is a powerful national glue promoted the ruling 2553:. Mussolini's 20-year dictatorship involved a highly aggressive nationalism that led to a series of wars with the creation of the 17258: 16560: 12782: 5758: 5352:. Some scholars are sceptical that implementing national-anarchism would result in an expansion of freedom and describe it as an 2451: 2346:

and as the director of the Prussian state archives published massive compilations that were devoured by scholars of nationalism.

12121:

Robidoux, Michael A. (2002). "Imagining a Canadian Identity through Sport: A Historical Interpretation of Lacrosse and Hockey".

12002:

Banerjee, Sikata (2003). "Gender and nationalism: the masculinization of hinduism and female political participation in india".

9787: 9736: 9714: 5134:, not to be confused with the national-anarchism of the Black Ram Group. In the United Kingdom, national-anarchists worked with 2395:(Gypsies) and of course Jews, whom they did not identify as Aryan. A key Nazi doctrine was "Living Space" (for Aryans only) or " 16679: 14495: 8565: 7828:

Gillette, Aaron (2006). "Why Did They Fight the Great War? A Multi-Level Class Analysis of the Causes of the First World War".

7663: 4135: 3086: 2933: 14553: 10061: 7260:. Ethnonationalism in comparative perspective (Reprint ed.). Reno Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press. pp. 48–50. 5154:) and Jonathan Boulter to develop the Anarchist Heretics Fair. Those national-anarchists cite their influences primarily from 4589:

ancestry, but is a political entity whose core identity is not ethnicity. This civic concept of nationalism is exemplified by

16667: 14584: 14440: 14170: 13427: 12271: 9075: 8491: 7265: 7225: 7044: 6319: 5942: 4052: 3807: 2267: 2086: 14089: 10400: 10191: 8799:

Schmidt-Nowara, Christopher (2004). "'La España Ultramarina': Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nineteenth-Century Spain".

4967:

Pan-nationalism is unique in that it covers a large area span. Pan-nationalism focuses more on "clusters" of ethnic groups.

4753:; and from a purely linguistic definition, according to which "the nation" consists of all speakers of a specific language. 1781:

The consensus is that nationalism as a concept was firmly established by the 19th century. In histories of nationalism, the

10259: 10225: 10030: 9978: 7771:

Andrew Nestingen: Crime and Fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, Film and Social Change. University of Washington Press, 2008.

7142: 7009: 5773: 5547:

and Ned Whalley co-edited a special issue on "pandemic nationalism" exploring the relationship between nationalism and the

5508:

nationalism is the establishment of a mass, public culture based on common values, codes and traditions of the population.

4531: 3520:, a British colony, was exceptional in that it became virtually independent by 1931. From 1948, it was controlled by white 3297:(National People's Party) in defiance of the decrepit Empire, which was run by outsiders. The Kuomintang recruits pledged: 3244: 3222: 2127: 14479: 10100: 7601: 5504:

Sometimes a mythic homeland is more important for the national identity than the actual territory occupied by the nation.

4733:

Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of

2160:

movement became popular in 19th-century Russia. Pan-Slavism was fueled by, and it was also the fuel for Russia's numerous

1612:

The terminological use of "nations", "sovereignty" and associated concepts were significantly refined with the writing by

1573:

are all subjects of philosophical debate. Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as

1549:" in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity. 17368: 17278: 14310: 7715: 4076: 3934: 3529: 3158: 2929: 2244: 2024:

the public places, to stimulate the courage of the warriors and preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings.

17393: 15520: 9754: 9737:"Surveys show Russian nationalism is on the rise. This explains a lot about the country's foreign and domestic politics" 8754:

García-Sanjuán, Alejandro (2020). "Weaponizing Historical Knowledge: the Notion of Reconquista in Spanish Nationalism".

2308:

in 1806. He imposed rational legal systems and demonstrated how dramatic changes were possible. His organization of the

2249:

An upsurge in nationalism in Latin America in the 1810s and 1820s sparked revolutions that cost Spain nearly all of its

15668: 15185: 14406: 14382: 14358: 14334: 14286: 14260: 14236: 14139: 14117: 14075: 14029: 13991: 13958: 13922: 13903: 13874: 13840: 13737: 13715: 13691: 13670: 13611: 13576: 13547: 13522: 13498: 13127: 13102: 13077: 12842: 12728: 12664: 12636: 12281: 12165: 12090: 11963: 11608: 11572: 11519: 11272: 11021: 10898: 10859: 10463: 9251: 9181: 9102: 9036: 9009: 8413: 8389: 7988: 7945: 7800: 7776: 7609: 7569: 7541: 7511: 7450: 7346: 7292: 7117: 7084: 7019: 6955: 6901: 6740: 6378: 6026: 5917: 5887: 5748: 4737:. The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a 4511: 3825:) and existence within separate spheres of religious, cultural and industrial influence – Catholicism, Protenstantism, 3040: 2004: 1876:

Some scholars argue that variants of nationalism emerged prior to the 18th century. American philosopher and historian

1530: 12355: 10359: 8461: 4194:, and nationalism. John Etherington argues nationalism is inherently exclusionary and thus potentially violent, while 2812:

and romanticism. France, Russia and Britain critically intervened to ensure the success of this nationalist endeavor.

1523:

and held that there have always been nations. This view has since been rejected by most scholars, who view nations as

15011: 14466: 13769: 13701: 13394: 12748: 11804: 11714: 11547: 11400: 11375: 10269: 10239: 10205: 8648: 8619: 8549: 8520: 8442: 8198:

Treitschke, his doctrine of German destiny and of international relations: together with a study of his life and work

7423: 6700: 6175: 6124: 5763: 5037: 4742: 4423: 3766: 3748: 3690: 3633: 3398: 2161: 1257: 778: 534: 17: 8280: 6972: 3672: 3027:, and defeated Bismarck politically. He responded by stopping the harassment and cooperating with the Centre Party. 2081:

Before 1815, the sense of Russian nationalism was weak—what sense there was focused on loyalty and obedience to the

17338: 15788: 12626: 6756:

de Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume (April 1970). "Liberalism, Nationalism and Socialism: The Birth of Three Words".

5389:. . . do not consider themselves nativists. For them it is a negative term and they rather consider themselves as ' 4530:, not believing that an independent Indian nation should be defined by its religious identity. Despite large-scale 3903: 3373:, the Greek movement that advocated for the reconquering of Greek ancestral lands from the Ottoman Empire (such as 1534: 863: 12681: 9629:

McCartney, Paul T. (Fall 2004). "American Nationalism and U.S. Foreign Policy from September 11 to the Iraq War".

8956: 6334:

Woods, Eric Taylor; Schertzer, Robert; Kaufmann, Eric (April 2011). "Ethno-national conflict and its management".

5702:

criticized nationalism for diminishing the individual's capacity to judge his or her fatherland's foreign policy.

5314:

between different nationalities as being incompatible with the idea of a synthesis between anarchism and fascism.

1809: 1650:

notes that "The twentieth century, a time of profound disillusionment with nationalism, was also the great age of

16294: 16145: 13454: 13289: 10570: 9874: 7382: 6839:

Gorski, Philip S. (2000). "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of Modernist Theories of Nationalism".

6609: 3906:, flooding into Europe (as of 2016 the refugee crisis appears to have peaked). Nationalist groups like Germany's 3261:. While successful among Eastern European Jews in the early 20th century, it lost most of its support due to the 3228: 2725: 2504:

were prevalent in the common use) and its local traditions. The liberals had always been strong opponents of the

15147: 14523: 13285: 5829: 5009:

Left-wing nationalism, occasionally known as socialist nationalism, not to be confused with the German fascist "

4833:

are understood as socially and culturally constructed, the two may be constructed in conjunction by invoking an

4316:

in many cases extremely hostile to the arguments" that draw vast generalizations from rather limited evidence.

4281:("community") as being based on emotional attachments as attributed with traditional societies while defining a 3089:

coalition. As of 2020 the Confederation, composed of several smaller parties, had 11 deputies (under 7%) in the

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Nationalists sought to encompass masculinity in their quest for strength and unity. It was Prussian chancellor

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Scholars frequently place the beginning of nationalism in the late 18th century or early 19th century with the

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Waetjen, Thembisa (2001). "The Limits of Gender Rhetoric for Nationalism: A Case Study from Southern Africa".

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The Rise of Political Intellectuals in Modern China: May Fourth Societies and the Roots of Mass-Party Politics

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as well. Anti-colonial nationalism as an intellectual framework persisted into the late 20th century with the

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Anti-colonial nationalism is an intellectual framework that preceded, accompanied and followed the process of

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on 23 October 1951 as tension continued to mount in the dispute between Egypt and Britain over control of the

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Abe's key ultra-conservative supporter, Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, was among the organizers Saturday.

8243:"Of Vikings and Nazis: Norwegian contributions to the rise and the fall of the idea of a superior Aryan race" 7746: 7480: 5497: 5385:

is a standard technical term, although those who hold this political view do not typically accept the label.

5223: 4269: 3930: 3416: 2589: 2391:

Meanwhile, the Nazis rejected many of the well-established citizens within those same countries, such as the

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notions of long-term evolutionary change remain foundational to the work of evolutionary psychologists like

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movement, emerged among European Jews in the 19th century. In 1882, Jews, from Europe, began to emigrate to

3284:

The awakening of nationalism across Asia helped shape the history of the continent. The key episode was the

17433: 17428: 17122: 16160: 15793: 15602: 15201: 14531: 13161: 10547: 8959:(2001). "What is Spanish nationalism today? From legitimacy crisis to unfulfilled renovation (1975–2000)". 8593:"Spain in the 19th century: Spanish Nation Building and Catalonia's attempt at becoming an Iberian Prussia" 6594: 5672: 4824: 4523: 3942: 3726: 3619: 3236: 3139: 3106: 2621:

to be assimilated. In fact, since the political unification of 1714, Spanish assimilation policies towards

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and far-right critics. Critics, including scholars, accuse national-anarchists of being nothing more than

17448: 17443: 17228: 15577: 15087: 14191: 13533: 6521:"The Partisan Sorting of "America": How Nationalist Cleavages Shaped the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election" 6151:

a broad scholarly consensus that the nation is a recent and imagined identity dominates political science

5788: 5591: 5560: 5242: 4881: 4440: 4428: 3532:. The international anti-apartheid movement supported black nationalists until success was achieved, and 1320: 640: 560: 5686:

critique of nationalism also concentrates on the violence of some nationalist movements, the associated

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explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of

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Spencer, Philip; Wollman, Howard (1 October 1998). "Good and bad nationalisms: A critique of dualism".

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was held on 18 September 2014. The proposal was defeated, with 55.3% voting against independence. In a

3110: 2309: 2082: 1755: 1667: 853: 824: 727: 625: 16430: 14488: 12227:

Alison, Miranda (2007). "Wartime Sexual Violence: Women's Human Rights and Questions of Masculinity".

8708: 4945:), integral nationalism results after a nation has achieved independence and has established a state. 3902:

in the United States being a prime example), increasing unrest and civil wars in the Middle East, and

16477: 16420: 16005: 15032: 14975: 14961: 14934: 14866: 14742: 14577: 13327: 13165: 12494: 10479: 9067:

The Past in Exile: Serbian Long-distance Nationalism and Identity in the Wake of the Third Balkan War

6193:"'Primordialism' in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?: 'Primordialism' in nationalism studies" 5093: 5085: 4633:

could combine a rejection of the unitary civic-national state with a belief in liberal universalism.

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with the goal of establishing a new Jewish homeland. The majority and local population in Palestine,

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in the country) as a means of modernizing the country was developed by Spanish conservatives, fusing

2493: 1375: 980: 454: 386: 267: 12946:

May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880–1935

12039: 10453: 4471: 4439:, but a stable community of people"; "a nation is formed only as a result of lengthy and systematic 2661: 2164:

which were waged in order to achieve the alleged goal of liberating Orthodox nationalities, such as

379: 17318: 14777: 14772: 13315: 12834: 12622: 10294: 8045:

Miller, Nicola (2006). "The historiography of nationalism and national identity in Latin America".

5042: 4860: 4783: 4700: 4685: 4630: 4626: 4535: 4224:

Prominent theorists who developed the modernist interpretation of nations and nationalism include:

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in Europe and North America. That trend was further fueled by increased terrorism in the West (the

3085:

In current Polish politics, Polish nationalism is most openly represented by parties linked in the

2558: 1990: 1814: 1095: 985: 309: 304: 12489: 3806:

Yugoslavia was established after the First World War and joined three acknowledged ethnic groups:

2736:

and an authoritarian stance (as well as promoting policies favouring the Spanish language against

2224: 17298: 17218: 16635: 16224: 16135: 15465: 14980: 13143: 12686: 10160: 9473:

Berg, Steven (1993). "Nationalism Redux: Through the Glass of the Post-Communist States Darkly".

8720: 7486: 5483: 5408: 5208: 5024:, in the view that their nations are being persecuted by other nations and thus need to exercise 4539: 4401: 4332:

The primordialist evolutionary views of nationalism often reference the evolutionary theories of

3969: 3911: 3857: 3719: 3668: 3192:, ultimately the most successful of Jewish nationalist movements, advocated in the creation of a 2342: 2333: 2109: 1759: 1702: 1025: 508: 17032: 12978: 12960:, "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and Commonwealth." 11123: 9001: 8995: 4562:

have been a series of smaller independence movements that are also defined by anti-colonialism.

4131: 16625: 16605: 16455: 16125: 15753: 15622: 15324: 15077: 14811: 13208: 11368:

Imperial rule and the politics of nationalism : anti-colonial protest in the French empire

9848:"The Rise of the Russian Nationalism, the Secret of Putin's Survival, and the Return of Stalin" 9367: 8102: 5724:

refused to identify with any nationality, referring to himself as 'universal'. Furthermore, in

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by the West. The imagined feminine East, or "other," exists in contrast to the masculine West.

4834: 4803: 4004: 3571:

was established in 1945 to promote Arab interests and cooperation between the new Arab states.

3169: 3165: 3114: 3024: 2864: 2388:, residing in various European countries, but sometime mixed with alien elements such as Jews. 1999: 1927: 1618: 1524: 1262: 1204: 1150: 615: 605: 16492: 12783:"Billboard from 'white genocide' segregation group goes up along highway near Birmingham, Ala" 10008: 9241: 9171: 9026: 8403: 7978: 7282: 6311: 6018: 5341:

without the historical and philosophical baggage that accompanies such a claim, including the

4435:, but a historically constituted community of people;" "a nation is not a casual or ephemeral 16779: 16734: 16545: 16140: 15513: 15259: 15107: 14985: 14888: 14883: 14799: 14747: 14698: 13681: 13621: 13595: 12830: 12082: 12074: 7935: 7790: 6945: 6667: 6008: 5975: 5517: 5467: 5440: 5151: 5053: 4992: 4848: 4750: 4527: 4249: 4012: 3915: 3595: 3314:

stimulated by the May Fourth Movement waxed strong throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Historian

3015: 2953: 2877:

in 1878. Serbia had sought to liberate and unite with Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west and

2838: 2542: 2376:, may also be understood as trans-national in nature. This aspect was primarily advocated by 2325: 1826: 1818: 1775: 1590: 1578: 1082: 915: 665: 408: 403: 329: 272: 223: 16595: 13194: 12718: 12657:

The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism to the BNP (British History in Perspective)

11011: 9092: 8665: 7625: 7336: 7127: 1841:, flags and narratives were assiduously constructed by nationalists and widely adopted. The 1762:(66–73 CE) is often cited by scholars as a prominent example of ancient Jewish nationalism. 17556: 17288: 17168: 16937: 16744: 16585: 16512: 16204: 16165: 16150: 15684: 15470: 15276: 15249: 15052: 14970: 14944: 14929: 14893: 14794: 14762: 14720: 14703: 14570: 11113: 8759: 5837: 5630: 5032: 4942: 4912: 4847:

has historically been heavily intertwined with muscular nationalism, from research linking

4777: 4551: 4484: 4452: 4180: 4031: 3899: 3478: 3405: 3311: 3147: 2987: 2745: 2609: 2365: 2094: 2071: 1767: 1681: 1631: 1623: 1542: 1538: 1486: 1192: 1063: 1053: 1038: 965: 883: 590: 498: 459: 449: 413: 374: 324: 287: 245: 228: 201: 100: 50: 16759: 10626: 8230:(1st ed.), Prague: Nakladatelství epocha, Pražská vydavatelská společnost, p. 11 7533:

Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism

7383:"Nationalism in Europe and America | Lloyd S. Kramer | University of North Carolina Press" 6283: 6266: 4274: 4233: 3066:. The Jagiellon Concept was the official policy of the government in the 1920s and 1930s. 3047:. In contrast with the Jagiellon concept, there was no concept for a multi-ethnic Poland. 2994:, a new Polish state that ignited a spirit of nationalism. Russia took it over in 1815 as 2656:

The nationalization process accelerated in the 19th century, in parallel to the origin of

8: 17478: 17358: 17328: 17248: 16774: 16714: 16035: 15955: 15582: 15319: 15264: 15127: 14910: 14898: 14836: 14683: 14647: 12813:

Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations London: Basil Blackwell. pp. 6–18.

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Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire

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in the economy, with policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and

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The cause of Polish nationalism was repeatedly frustrated before 1918. In the 1790s, the

2945: 2829: 2657: 2630: 2521: 2497: 2468: 2446: 2442: 2061: 1955: 1947: 1865: 1803: 1582: 1505: 1454: 1304: 1214: 1068: 970: 920: 858: 712: 675: 670: 655: 464: 418: 339: 208: 16522: 13357: 12584:(March 2003). "From slime mould to rhizome: an introduction to the groupuscular right". 11879:

The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State 1492–1866

8666:"Video of the Conference of Josep Borrell at the Geneva Press Club, 27th February, 2019" 6783: 5110:

Among the first advocates of national-anarchism were Hans Cany, Peter Töpfer and former

4436: 4034:

in the government developed over the course of the early 21st century, largely from the

17490: 17485: 17468: 17463: 16932: 16440: 16377: 15637: 15269: 15244: 15234: 15229: 15217: 14846: 14816: 14804: 14767: 14737: 14725: 14708: 14688: 14503: 14275: 13775: 13725: 13652:(1944; 2nd ed. 2005 with introduction by Craig Calhoun). 735 pp; an often-cited classic 13242: 13050: 12601: 12445: 12347: 12343: 12252: 12244: 12209: 12201: 12138: 11891: 11860: 11775: 11393:

The promise of power : the origins of democracy in India and autocracy in Pakistan

11313: 11245: 11171: 11138: 11117: 10992: 10984: 10830: 10822: 10787: 10779: 10737: 10004: 9828: 9690: 9665: 9646: 9611: 9576: 9528: 9311: 9222: 9214: 8976: 8923: 8818: 8077:

War and Nation: identity and the process of state-building in South America (1800–1840)

7921:

The People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization since the French Revolution

7906: 7888: 7880: 7845: 7178: 7170: 7123: 7090: 6872: 6864: 6765: 6654: 6548: 6520: 6501: 6452: 6427:

Bunce, Valerie (2000). "Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations".

6351: 6220: 6130: 5970: 5707: 5634: 5529: 5402: 5322: 5308: 5266: 5204: 5198: 5131: 5105: 5035:

is closely tied with this ideology, and practical examples include Stalin's early work

5025: 5014: 4957: 4728: 4713: 4681: 4673: 4594: 4547: 4377:

contingencies that characterize every known historical process. Robert Hislope argues:

4035: 3285: 3055: 2969: 2856: 2737: 2456: 2329: 2279: 2197: 1984: 1786: 1546: 1509: 1490: 1430: 1342: 935: 630: 503: 442: 437: 359: 344: 333: 292: 262: 250: 233: 213: 183: 16922: 14398:

Nationalism and Ethnicity Terminologies: An Encyclopedic Dictionary and Research Guide

12426:"Co-opting the counter culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction" 12015: 9284:""Zionism without Zion"?: Territorialist Ideology and the Zionist Movement, 1882–1956" 3212:

that, in contrast to the Jews of the diaspora, was strong, worked the land, and spoke

3074:

at Tehran in 1943 rejected the Jagiellon Concept because it involved Polish rule over

3030:

In the late 19th and early 20th century, many Polish nationalist leaders endorsed the

2998:

with the tsar proclaimed as "King of Poland". Large-scale nationalist revolts erupted

2705: 1829:, there was an emergence of an integrated, nation-encompassing economy and a national 17453: 17398: 17238: 17027: 16689: 16615: 16590: 16392: 16194: 15349: 15239: 15212: 15112: 15072: 15057: 15047: 15016: 14915: 14871: 14861: 14841: 14752: 14730: 14715: 14693: 14667: 14642: 14637: 14402: 14378: 14354: 14330: 14306: 14282: 14256: 14232: 14200: 14135: 14113: 14081: 14071: 13987: 13954: 13918: 13899: 13870: 13836: 13829: 13779: 13765: 13733: 13711: 13687: 13666: 13607: 13600: 13572: 13543: 13518: 13494: 13484: 13433: 13423: 13400: 13390: 13123: 13098: 13073: 13054: 12838: 12814: 12724: 12660: 12632: 12605: 12449: 12351: 12277: 12213: 12161: 12086: 11959: 11817: 11779: 11727: 11628: 11604: 11578: 11568: 11543: 11515: 11464: 11454: 11431: 11421: 11396: 11371: 11348: 11317: 11305: 11268: 11249: 11237: 11017: 10996: 10894: 10855: 10834: 10791: 10459: 10265: 10235: 10201: 10069: 9937:"Bulgaria's government will include far-right nationalist parties for the first time" 9832: 9784: 9695: 9615: 9580: 9315: 9303: 9247: 9226: 9177: 9098: 9071: 9032: 9005: 8980: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8822: 8781: 8724: 8644: 8615: 8592: 8545: 8516: 8487: 8438: 8409: 8385: 8308: 8058: 7984: 7941: 7796: 7772: 7605: 7565: 7537: 7507: 7501: 7446: 7419: 7342: 7288: 7261: 7221: 7182: 7162: 7113: 7080: 7040: 7015: 6951: 6897: 6876: 6856: 6736: 6617: 6552: 6540: 6493: 6456: 6444: 6374: 6355: 6315: 6224: 6212: 6171: 6166:

Adeney, Katharine (2009). "Nationalism". In Iain, McLean; McMillan, Alistair (eds.).

6134: 6120: 6022: 5938: 5913: 5883: 5743: 5548: 5471: 5428: 5424: 5349: 5212: 5140: 4939: 4893: 4852: 4839: 4787: 4653: 4618: 4597:", where he defined the nation as a "daily referendum" (frequently translated "daily 4583: 4555: 4496: 4286: 4176: 4147: 4000: 3950: 3664: 3579: 3490: 3473: 3441: 3348: 3250: 3217: 3213: 3011: 2999: 2975: 2965: 2925: 2821: 2789: 2622: 2597: 2525: 2517: 2501: 2476: 2316: 2305: 2189: 2185: 2115: 2075: 1869: 1799: 1782: 1727: 1711: 1694: 1501: 1494: 1442: 1337: 1011: 873: 868: 829: 802: 610: 595: 570: 425: 391: 369: 277: 255: 240: 218: 150: 125: 120: 16507: 14507: 14224: 8569: 7655: 7035:

Benner, Erica (2013). "Nationalism: Intellectual Origins". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

6505: 4292: 4241: 3960:

to consolidate power. This nationalist sentiment was used in Russia's annexation of

2717:, which holds the power of propelling the weaponized notion of Spain being a nation 17458: 17388: 17158: 17077: 17072: 16997: 16972: 16917: 16907: 16897: 16867: 16847: 16837: 16704: 16699: 16657: 16600: 16397: 16080: 16075: 16050: 15995: 15970: 15545: 15535: 15508: 15477: 15371: 15334: 15137: 15117: 15042: 14995: 14990: 14851: 14612: 14550: 14368: 14344: 14320: 14296: 14270: 14246: 14149: 14127: 14105: 14063: 13824: 13757: 13281: 13234: 13040: 12593: 12437: 12339: 12256: 12236: 12193: 12130: 12040:"Death by Landscape: Race, Nature and Gender in the Canadian Nationalist Mythology" 12011: 11852: 11843:

Singley, Carol J. (2003). "Race, Culture, Nation: Edith Wharton and Ernest Renan".

11813: 11767: 11723: 11340: 11297: 11229: 11163: 10976: 10814: 10771: 10733: 9820: 9685: 9677: 9638: 9603: 9568: 9520: 9295: 9206: 8968: 8907: 8810: 8771: 8763: 8254: 8054: 7892: 7872: 7837: 7527: 7317: 7213: 7154: 6848: 6646: 6532: 6483: 6436: 6343: 6307: 6278: 6204: 6112: 6067: 5962: 5699: 5567: 5420: 5304: 5190: 5057: 5029: 4661: 4410: 4337: 4045: 3625: 3544: 3445: 3437: 3413: 3322:

Nationalism, patriotism, progress, science, democracy, and freedom were the goals;

3232: 3123: 3003: 2886: 2845: 2825: 2809: 2801: 2634: 2605: 2546: 2513: 2480: 2119: 1850: 1763: 1751: 1743: 1677: 1556: 1287: 1043: 897: 680: 580: 565: 555: 518: 513: 364: 90: 17062: 14432: 13468: 4059:, the British populace unexpectedly voted to withdraw the United Kingdom from the 3524:

nationalists, who focused on racial segregation and white minority rule, known as

1429:. It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference ( 17515: 17188: 17107: 17067: 17037: 17022: 16987: 16982: 16952: 16927: 16912: 16887: 16872: 16807: 16784: 16769: 16754: 16739: 16610: 16565: 16550: 16540: 16362: 16357: 16214: 16209: 16189: 16177: 15642: 15540: 15299: 15102: 14831: 14826: 14789: 14757: 14662: 14607: 14557: 14483: 14470: 14428: 14372: 14348: 14324: 14300: 14250: 14162: 14055: 14043: 14036: 14019: 13891: 13809: 13705: 13660: 13537: 13512: 13488: 13212: 13201: 12985: 12388: 11675: 10888: 10411:. Author – Sachie Mizohata. Published 1 November 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2020. 10404: 9941: 9791: 9572: 9065: 8465: 8341: 8201: 7595: 7531: 7440: 7413: 7321: 7217: 6891: 6730: 6589: 6347: 6012: 5907: 5877: 5778: 5706:

stated that "Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind".

5703: 5663:

century, liberals have been increasingly divided, with some philosophers such as

5595: 5163: 5155: 5146: 5122:, a since disbanded British-based organization which cultivated links to certain 5081: 4946: 4920: 4738: 4622: 4341: 4253: 4168: 4119: 3965: 3885: 3818: 3795: 3428: 3386: 3382: 3007: 2995: 2991: 2914: 2910: 2894: 2874: 2741: 2729: 2601: 2565: 2509: 2438: 2293: 2263: 2193: 2144:) – recognition of the state-founding role on Russian nationality. 2029: 2008: 1834: 1730:, though there is ongoing debate about its existence in varying forms during the 1570: 1418: 1365: 1347: 1172: 1157: 759: 685: 585: 354: 349: 314: 282: 145: 95: 85: 80: 14302:

The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism

14026:

Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities since 1775

12973:

Driss Abbassi, "Le sport dans l'empire français: un instrument de domination?."

12597: 10001:"Latvia's nationalist party demands right for employees to use Latvian language" 9968: 9785:

Madrid Unity Rally Mired by Fascist Salutes From Far-right Falange Party Members

9607: 9299: 9197:

Sharp, Tony (1977). "The Origins of the 'Teheran Formula' on Polish Frontiers".

8258: 8172:

The Course of German Nationalism: From Frederick the Great to Bismarck 1763–1867

7110:

Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities since 1775

5219:

social philosophy. The main ideological innovation of national-anarchism is its

3977: 2771:

began as a rebellion by Greek revolutionaries against the ruling Ottoman Empire.

17505: 17413: 17403: 17132: 17007: 16992: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16902: 16877: 16832: 16812: 16674: 16645: 16620: 16575: 16555: 16517: 16472: 16352: 16342: 16199: 16030: 15843: 15428: 15408: 15403: 15391: 15159: 15132: 15067: 15062: 14657: 14476: 14067: 14059: 13946: 13798: 13747: 13508: 12920:

Sport, nationalism, and globalization: European and North American perspectives

10364: 9210: 8612:

The end of the old regime and industrialization. Flight. V History of Catalonia

8369:

The Risorgimento Revisited: Nationalism and Culture in Nineteenth-century Italy

6732:

Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism

6440: 5679:

emphasizing that a liberal society needs to be based in a stable nation state.

5664: 5626: 5622: 5578: 5544: 5524: 5359:

that would result in authoritarianism and oppression, only on a smaller scale.

5311: 5281: 5277: 5250: 5159: 5115: 4696: 4649: 4637: 4519: 4492: 4414: 4345: 4333: 4200: 4195: 4187: 4081: 4060: 3957: 3826: 3822: 3548: 3533: 3482: 3433: 3315: 3209: 3201: 3197: 2983: 2949: 2852: 2797: 2618: 2554: 2534: 2408: 2404: 2259: 2250: 2181: 2149: 2098: 2048: 1854: 1552: 1410: 1243: 1162: 1116: 1058: 575: 297: 135: 13437: 12933:

Transformation of Modern Korean Sport: Imperialism, Nationalism, Globalization

12441: 12240: 12197: 11771: 11344: 11301: 10980: 8972: 4259:

In his analysis of the historical changes and development of human societies,

3150:, who started the struggle for an independent Bulgarian church. An autonomous 2467:

Italian nationalism emerged in the 19th century and was the driving force for

17550: 17438: 17268: 17178: 17127: 17097: 17087: 17017: 17012: 17002: 16862: 16852: 16842: 16817: 16684: 16662: 16580: 16487: 16460: 16445: 16387: 16070: 15612: 15572: 15460: 15364: 15286: 14939: 14652: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14204: 14085: 14047: 13656: 13564: 12957: 12581: 12540: 12297: 11668: 11352: 11309: 11241: 10073: 9909: 9307: 9094:

Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840–1914

8919: 8911: 8814: 8785: 8767: 8728: 8146:

The Bee and the Eagle: Napoleonic France and the End of the Holy Roman Empire

7166: 7077:

Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism

6860: 6621: 6578: 6544: 6497: 6448: 6216: 5846: 5842: 5783: 5728:, Kate Levchuk stated that a transhumanist "doesn't believe in nationality". 5717: 5668: 5641: 5587: 5353: 5334: 5326: 5194: 5065: 4972: 4757: 4418: 4354: 3044: 3035: 3031: 2834: 2693: 2672:"To make the Spanish nation a nation that neither is nor has been until now." 2569: 2392: 2266:. Spain lost all of its American colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, in a 2090: 2007:

from 1887 depicting French students being taught about the lost provinces of

1838: 1830: 1693:

Smith posits the challenges posed to traditional religion and society in the

1601: 1516: 1167: 1145: 1120: 950: 600: 491: 130: 110: 105: 14374:

The Nation Made Real: Art and National Identity in Western Europe, 1600–1850

13896:

Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe

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Posen, Barry (Fall 1993). "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power".

9824: 9681: 9283: 6071: 5935:

Nationalism reframed: Nationhood and the national question in the New Europe

5317:

National-anarchism has elicited scepticism and outright hostility from both

2711:

A by-product of 19th-century Spanish nationalist thinking is the concept of

17418: 17102: 17092: 17082: 16947: 16942: 16882: 16857: 16827: 16822: 16729: 16724: 16570: 16450: 16184: 16120: 15990: 15980: 15975: 15894: 15884: 15828: 15718: 15359: 15344: 15339: 15122: 15037: 14632: 14392: 11468: 11154:

Smith, Anthony D. (March 1983). "Nationalism and Classical Social Theory".

10329: 9699: 8608:

La fi de l'antic règim i la industrialització. Vol. V Història de Catalunya

5603: 5447: 5356: 5296: 5285: 5254: 5238: 5234: 5201: 5089: 5049: 4997: 4950: 4927: 4885: 4677: 4672:

and liberalism, but as a form of nationalism it is usually contrasted with

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Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism

8458: 7962:

Defeat and Memory: Cultural Histories of Military Defeat in the Modern Era

7094: 7011:

The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture: Old Regime Europe 1660–1789

6472:"Nationalism, Collaboration, and Resistance: France under Nazi Occupation" 6399:

Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism

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empires prevented peripheral regions from having autonomy and local rule.

3840: 1785:(1789) is seen as an important starting point, not only for its impact on 17117: 17112: 17047: 17042: 16892: 16764: 16719: 16709: 16502: 16497: 16435: 16372: 16155: 16130: 16015: 15985: 15960: 15940: 15919: 15899: 15879: 15869: 15838: 15703: 15567: 15530: 15525: 15376: 15354: 15304: 15281: 15092: 13490:

Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism

13045: 13028: 12998:"Nationalities Papers: Volume 50 - Special Issue on Pandemic Nationalism" 10967:

Goetze, David (1998). "Evolution, Mobility, and Ethnic Group Formation".

10397: 8272: 8242: 8033:

Russian Nationalism since 1856: Ideology and the Making of Foreign Policy

6488: 5801:, an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of nationalism 5571: 5416: 5412: 5345: 5342: 5262: 5230: 5227: 5175: 5171: 5077: 4976: 4968: 4916: 4856: 4844: 4813: 4782:

Economic nationalism, or economic patriotism, is an ideology that favors

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monument which was built in 1862 in celebration of one thousand years of

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The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and

1520: 1414: 1234: 1199: 1102: 1090: 955: 645: 635: 474: 12248: 9650: 9532: 9169: 8486:] (in Catalan) (del 1979 ed.). Edicions del 1979. p. 230. 7849: 3023:

of the 1870s. The Poles joined German Catholics in a well-organized new

2913:, with German backing, tried to crush Serbia in 1914, thus igniting the 2212: 1485:. There are various definitions of a "nation", which leads to different 1360: 754: 17500: 17308: 17208: 17057: 16977: 16749: 16640: 16482: 16425: 16402: 16367: 16316: 16306: 16274: 16219: 16045: 16025: 15950: 15914: 15818: 15803: 15728: 15653: 15627: 15587: 15557: 15443: 15423: 15314: 15170: 15154: 13246: 13157: 12142: 11864: 10988: 10826: 10783: 10325:"Ultra-nationalist school linked to Japanese PM accused of hate speech" 9973: 9666:"Europe's New Identity: The Refugee Crisis and the Rise of Nationalism" 8776: 8500: 8247:

Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences

7884: 7174: 6868: 6769: 6208: 5852: 5819: 5738: 5695: 5687: 5659: 5655: 5618: 5614: 5390: 5376: 5258: 5246: 5220: 5186: 4980: 4953:, according to Alter and Brown, were examples of integral nationalism. 4864: 4817: 4645: 4609: 4598: 4550:

into two states in 1947 along religious lines into the Muslim-majority

4480: 4350: 4156: 3733: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3501:

In the 1880s the European powers divided up almost all of Africa (only

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The political convulsions of the late 18th century associated with the

1842: 1735: 1565: 1533:, currently the most commonly accepted theory of nationalism, adopts a 1482: 1474: 1466: 1324: 1314: 1309: 1048: 910: 739: 707: 660: 319: 188: 178: 168: 31: 13225:

Lang, Timothy (2002). "Lord Acton and 'the Insanity of Nationality'".

12205: 11712:

Patten, Alan (1999). "The Autonomy Argument for Liberal Nationalism".

11175: 9218: 9097:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. pp. 1–17, 90–126. 6471: 5415:

of other races. Its ideas tend to be in direct conflict with those of

4084:, sometimes called the "Tropical Trump", with United States President 2905:

as their common land based on shared language and tradition. In 1914,

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Association for Research on Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Americas

11756:"Does Liberal Democracy Presuppose a Cultural Nation? Four Arguments" 10231: 10062:"Narendra Modi's landslide victory shatters Congress's grip on India" 9642: 9524: 9398:

Histories of the hanged: The dirty war in Kenya and the end of empire

7841: 5711: 5330: 5318: 5300: 5216: 5127: 4734: 4500: 4459: 4406: 4303: 4245: 4172: 4024: 3891: 3811: 3784: 3525: 3521: 3327: 3262: 3205: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2577: 2304:

abolished many of the old or medieval relics, such as dissolving the

2255: 2169: 2105: 1877: 1858: 1651: 1586: 1450: 1209: 1107: 990: 945: 925: 620: 14132:

Nation-States and Nationalisms:Organization, Ideology and Solidarity

13238: 12628:

Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity

12296:

Integral nationalism is one of five types of nationalism defined by

12134: 11856: 10818: 10775: 8688: 7206:"Theoretical Considerations: Nationalism and Ethnicity in Antiquity" 7158: 6470:

Kocher, Matthew Adam; Lawrence, Adria K.; Monteiro, Nuno P. (2018).

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and other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital.

4601:") dependent on the will of its people to continue living together. 3708: 3675:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2692:

And will be found again two hundred years later, from the socialist

17473: 17052: 16789: 16382: 16347: 16321: 16301: 16254: 16065: 16020: 15904: 15808: 15798: 15763: 15733: 15607: 15597: 15592: 15448: 15418: 15413: 15398: 15254: 15224: 15097: 14920: 14412: 13625: 12682:"Rising Above the Herd: Keith Preston's Authoritarian Anti-Statism" 12545:"'National Anarchism': California racists claim they're Anarchists" 11916:

Muller, Jerry Z. "Us and Them." Current Issue 501 Mar/Apr 2008 9–14

11233: 11167: 10484: 10423:"Sturgeon says second independence vote 'a matter of when, not if'" 10161:"Review: Myanmar's Enemy Within and the Making of Anti-Muslim Rage" 7876: 6852: 6671: 6536: 5753: 5691: 5683: 5610: 5599: 5292: 5123: 5061: 4876: 4164: 4112: 4020: 3985: 3981: 3895: 3829:

cultural orientation in the northwest, versus Orthodoxy, Islam and

3502: 2944:

was promoted, which ultimately failed. After the Second World War,

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approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of

1470: 1462: 1458: 1438: 1422: 1332: 1292: 975: 960: 940: 809: 734: 717: 650: 430: 12720:

American Nativism and Its Representation in the Film "L. A. Crash"

9158:

God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present

8993: 4504:

is exemplified by movements against colonial powers in the 1900s.

3567:

achieved gradually gained independence between 1922 and 1952. The

2487:

is central to Italian nationalism but it was based in the liberal

1898:

traced the origin of European nationalism to the aftermath of the

1445:, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as 17510: 17423: 16311: 16279: 16269: 16040: 16000: 15833: 15758: 15743: 15723: 15632: 15492: 15433: 15381: 14956: 14876: 10513:"Trump refuses to acknowledge the fraught history of nationalism" 9809: 9796: 8681: 8542:

In Christian! Police and Civil Guard against the Catalan language

6058:

Triandafyllidou, Anna (1998). "National Identity and the Other".

5721: 5463: 5288: 5002: 4961: 4956:

Some of the qualities that characterize integral nationalism are

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Liberal nationalism is commonly considered to be compatible with

4613: 4326: 4016: 3993: 3946: 3575: 3506: 3409: 3254: 3189: 2979: 2646: 2550: 2416: 1478: 1446: 1247: 905: 469: 396: 11013:

Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour

10627:"Trump Called Erdoğan to Congratulate Him on Referendum Results" 10571:"In Supporting Erdogan, Turks Cite Economic and Religious Gains" 8834: 8832: 8538:

En cristiano! Policia i Guàrdia Civil contra la llengua catalana

8401: 8073:"1810 Juntas Form in Caracas, Buenos Aires, Bogota and Santiago" 3980:). Nationalist parties have also joined governing coalitions in 3412:

or fascistic nationalist authoritarian dictatorship inspired by

2399:," which was a vast undertaking to transplant Aryans throughout 1680:

describes how intellectuals played a primary role in generating

16259: 16060: 15848: 15823: 15813: 15783: 15768: 15386: 14903: 11009: 7937:

Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory

6105:"Varieties of Nationalism: Communities, Narratives, Identities" 5010: 4935: 4931: 4889: 4809: 4791: 4538:

supporters, the insistence of the Muslims under the separatist

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wrote in 1944 that nationalism emerged in the 17th century. In

1861:

as the personification of the English national spirit in 1712.

1771: 1434: 1406: 1297: 1239: 1137: 702: 484: 479: 67: 14562: 13662:

Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights

13649:

The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background

12376:

Robert Zuzowski, "The Left and Nationalism in Eastern Europe"

11331:

Yack, Bernard (1 March 1996). "The myth of the civic nation".

11265:

The Idea of Nationalism: A Study of Its Origins and Background

10762:

Herbst, Jeffrey (Spring 1990). "War and the State in Africa".

9594:

Ramet, Sabrina (1996). "Eastern Europe's Painful Transition".

7597:

The Idea Of Nationalism: A Study In Its Origins And Background

7503:

The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History, 1740–1830

7442:

The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History, 1740–1830

7341:. Studies in European History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5. 3904:

waves of Muslim refugees, especially from the Syrian Civil War

2763: 2108: – Orthodox Christianity and protection of the 1922: 16289: 15778: 15713: 14473:, comprehensive collection of new articles by modern scholars 14110:

Identity As Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism

13753:

Varieties of Nationalism: Communities, Narratives, Identities

10722:"Nationalism, Exclusion and Violence: A Territorial Approach" 10290:"Japan emperor greets at celebration hosted by conservatives" 8829: 8019:

Russian Literary Culture in the Camera Age: The Word as Image

7716:"Prime Minister Vanhanen at the Celebration of J.V. Snellman" 5455: 5295:

due to the inherent contradiction of anarchist philosophy of

5073: 4476: 4432: 3564: 3552: 3378: 3374: 3063: 2848: 2173: 1747: 1627: 13569:

Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality

11800:"Liberal Nationalist versus Postnational Social Integration" 10950: 10948: 10914: 10912: 10910: 9969:"Threat to collapse Fico coalition after journalist killing" 7212:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3, 11–13, 6893:

Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen

4971:

is one example of Pan-nationalism. The goal is to unite all

4310: 3586:

Arabs were demanding independence from the British Mandate.

3365:

to create a unified Greek state), used today in the case of

3006:

but were harshly crushed by Russia, which tried to make the

16284: 15708: 12831:

Middle East and North Africa: Challenge to Western Security

10455:

The Lure of Greatness: England's Brexit and America's Trump

10101:"Narendra Modi Wins Again – What Does That Mean for India?" 8513:

Compilation of genocidal actions against the Catalan nation

8304:"Hitler and the Himalayas: The SS Mission to Tibet 1938–39" 7372:(2014) p. xi, with details on each country large and small. 5459: 5451: 4828:

World War II United States Patriotic Army Recruiting Poster

4053:

referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom

3945:

and waves of immigration have led to a significant rise of

3090: 2505: 1739: 13627:

Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In

10691:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–331. 7863:

Kohn, Hans (1950). "Napoleon and the Age of Nationalism".

6717:

Direct causality can be drawn between nationalism and war.

6267:"Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know" 5096:

in South Africa and numerous movements in Eastern Europe.

3956:

In Russia, exploitation of nationalist sentiments allowed

3894:

in the late 20th century led to a rise in nationalism and

2724:

During the first half of 20th century (notably during the

1954:

The political development of nationalism and the push for

1500:

Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the

27:

Political ideology that promotes the interests of a nation

15853: 15748: 13072:(2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 97–98. 12621: 11514:. SAIACS Press & Oxford House Research. p. 157. 11512:

Indian and Christian: Changing Identities in Modern India

11042: 10945: 10907: 10601:"European Leaders Say Vote Shows 'Deeply Divided' Turkey" 9511:

Huntington, Samuel (1993). "The Clash of Civilizations".

8856: 8637:

Racisme i supremacisme polítics a l'Espanya contemporània

8614:] (in Catalan). Barcelona: Edicions 62. p. 453. 8468:, páginas 45-46, L'Espill, nº 24, Universitat de València 6673:

Global Matrix: Nationalism, Globalism and State-Terrorism

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gained prominence in their respective nations advocating

3265:, although some support lasted through the 20th century. 2804:, especially in Britain, which was the result of western 2561:

that pushed its economy to the fifth place in the world.

1770:

provide "a closer approximation to the ideal type of the

13803:

Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know

13602:

Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community

12617: 12615: 11637: 11083: 11081: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10757: 10755: 10031:"In Ukraine, nationalists gain influence – and scrutiny" 8509:

Recopilació d'accions genocides contra la nació catalana

7370:

The Long-man companion to European nationalism 1789–1920

5981:

Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community

5710:

stated that "Nationalism is merely the glorification of

5528:

Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974 and since then the

5374:

nationals than those who were born there and are called

4289:

while praising the intimacy of traditional communities.

3137:

domination of Bulgaria's culture and religion. His work

3129:

The Bulgarian national revival started with the work of

2564:

The working class in those decades voted mostly for the

37:

This article is about the ideology. For other uses, see

13571:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11692: 10398:

Nippon Kaigi: Empire, Contradiction, and Japan’s Future

9000:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 8005:

Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia 1825–1855

6519:

Bonikowski, Bart; Feinstein, Yuval; Bock, Sean (2021).

6518: 5333:

form of ethnic and racial separatism while wanting the

5028:

by liberating themselves from the accused persecutors.

5005:

featuring an anti-American and anti-imperialist message

4812:

of nationalism through socially constructed notions of

3559:) gradually gained independence between 1921 and 1946; 2917:

in which Austria-Hungary dissolved into nation states.

2684:, who admired the German and Italian modeling policies: 2384:. This party was devoted to what they identified as an 1918:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

1605:

Title page from the second edition (Amsterdam 1631) of

13976:

Belonging: solidarity and division in modern societies

13271:, 1960. Fletcher and son Ltd., Norwich, United Kingdom 12848: 12075:"Gendered nationalism: Reproducing "Us" versus "Them"" 11420:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. 9663: 8641:

Political racism and supremacism in contemporary Spain

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into one country. They did succeed by uniting several

4071:

calls for a second referendum on Scottish independence

3058:(1783–1830), a leader of independence in Latin America 2372:

German nationalism, expressed through the ideology of

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in the early 17th century. Living in the times of the

1441:

power. It further aims to build and maintain a single

13097:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 78–79. 12612: 12328:"Class and Nation: Problems of Socialist Nationalism" 11503: 11078: 11066: 11054: 11030: 10924: 10752: 10360:"Tokyo's new governor defies more than glass ceiling" 9715:"The New European Nationalism and the Migrant Crisis" 8994:

Vasiliev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Vasiliev (1952).

8868: 8844: 7747:"Five Facts That You Didn't Know About J.V. Snellman" 6934:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.87.

6925:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.96.

6916:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.94.

4368:

Nationalist and liberal pressure led to the European

1437:, and that the nation is the only rightful source of 14350:

Ethno-symbolism and Nationalism: A Cultural Approach

8709:"Aproximación al nacionalismo español contemporáneo" 8228:

Boj o pohraničí: Sudetoněmecký Freikorps v roce 1938

7972: 7970: 7923:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 14. 7575: 7308:

Calhoun, Craig (1993). "Nationalism and Ethnicity".

7053: 6943: 5237:. National-anarchists claim that those of different 4340:

views of the late nineteenth century. Thinkers like

2732:), a new brand of Spanish nationalism with a marked 1684:

and providing the ideology of political nationalism:

1433:), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a 13205: 12077:. In Turpin, Jennifer; Lorentzen, Lois Ann (eds.). 11220:Wirth, Louis (1 May 1936). "Types of Nationalism". 10537: 10153: 9132:

Nationalism and federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962–1991

6701:"How Significant is Nationalism as a Cause of War?" 4899:Nations and gender systems are mutually supportive 1930:(1806–1881), who also possessed the professions of 14274: 13828: 13599: 13095:The Meaning of Things: Applying Philosophy to Life 11510:Bennema, Cornelis; Bhakiaraj, Paul Joshua (2011). 11483: 10504: 9628: 9559:Berg, Steven (2004). "Why Yugoslavia Fell Apart". 9024: 8706: 8694: 7686:"Snellman, the man who inspired Finns to be Finns" 4186:Many scholars have noted the relationship between 3847:in post-Soviet and post-Yugoslav states after the 3779:There was a rise in extreme nationalism after the 3204:hoped that the new Jewish state would be based on 2800:in the 1820s and 1830s inspired supporters across 2516:sought to enlarge his political base by emulating 14433:"Nationality: The History of a Social Phenomenon" 14401:. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press. 13885:The Oxford handbook of the history of nationalism 12679: 12487: 12483: 12481: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12473: 12471: 11370:. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 10568: 9170:Geoffrey A. Hosking and George Schöpflin (1997). 8437:] (in Catalan). El Gall editor. p. 422. 8402:Stephen Barbour; Cathie Carmichael, eds. (2000). 7967: 7280: 7037:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 6170:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6053: 6051: 6043:Nationalism and the Moral Psychology of Community 5633:(a socialist), were more sympathetic to national 4768:terms of military prowess and economic strength. 4413:declared that "the working men have no country". 4130:In 2017, Turkish nationalism propelled President 17548: 14229:Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction 12576: 12574: 12572: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12081:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 11955:The Political Economy of International Relations 11509: 10451: 10223: 9424:Nationalism in colonial and post-colonial Africa 9145:Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871–1900) 9119:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 9063: 7976: 7328: 5048:Other examples of left-wing nationalism include 4906: 4668:Civic nationalism lies within the traditions of 2748:, which was in turn complemented by the myth of 13359:Nationalism is Glorified Tribalism Krishnamurti 12776: 12774: 12302:The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism. 10189: 9845: 9734: 8477: 7039:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 42. 7007: 6057: 6011:. In Geoghegan, Vincent; Wilford, Rick (eds.). 5690:, and on conflicts between nations inspired by 3034:. It held there was a Polish utopia during the 2118: – unconditional loyalty to the 13686:. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. 13585: 13558:The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism 13026: 12881:The Dirty Game: Uncovering the Scandal at FIFA 12650: 12648: 12580: 12539: 12468: 11958:. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–34. 11892:"The Website of Political Research Associates" 11601:The Blackwell companion to political sociology 11287: 11136: 9872: 9730: 9728: 8798: 8753: 6411: 6161: 6159: 6048: 5348:anarchist philosophy and the contributions of 4604:Civic nationalism is normally associated with 4570:in Soviet satellite states and continues with 4307:as the basis of many nationalist governments. 3489:, pictured at a nationalist rally in colonial 2932:on 1 December 1918, and the country was named 2549:and a political doctrine of his own creation, 15669: 15186: 14578: 13869:(2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. 12962:International Journal of the History of Sport 12569: 12518: 12406: 12325: 11594: 11592: 11531: 11147: 10420: 10257: 9712: 8544:] (in Catalan). Cossetània. p. 216. 7919:Moran, Daniel; Waldron, Arthur, eds. (2003). 7467:The Union Jack: The Story of the British Flag 7438: 7014:. Oxford University Press. pp. 259–260. 6829:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013) ch 1 6698: 6640: 4417:supported the concept of self-determination. 4329:and promoted along lines of common ancestry. 4167:conceptualized the state as the result of a " 4003:has grown in popularity with the rise of the 3851:were followed by a resurgence of nationalism. 2368:gained 88% of ethnic-German votes in May 1938 1383: 779: 16175: 14305:. Hanover: University Press of New England. 13746: 13539:The Sage Handbook of Nations and Nationalism 13531: 12771: 11688:Considerations on Representative Government. 11567:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 11453:(First ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. 10540:"Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs" 10227:Global Crises, Social Justice, and Education 10131:"The Regional Reach of Buddhist Nationalism" 9450:South Africa: The rise and fall of apartheid 8634: 8334: 7918: 7411: 7079:. Princeton University Press. pp. 5–6. 6814:The age of nationalism and reform, 1850–1890 6362: 6264: 6102: 5769:List of active nationalist parties in Europe 5020:Many nationalist movements are dedicated to 3555:was established in 1920; Transjordan (later 2889:) to the south. Nationalist circles in both 2796:. The Greek drive for independence from the 2512:. The liberal government under the Sicilian 2200:are credited with co-founding the movement. 16111: 12780: 12723:. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag. p. 4. 12673: 12654: 12645: 12160:. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 1–368. 11910: 10719: 9875:"The Problem With Poland's New Nationalism" 9725: 9475:Ethnic Conflicts WorldWide, Current History 9090: 8886: 8862: 8838: 8428: 6735:. Cambridge University Press. p. 214. 6583:"Varieties of American Popular Nationalism" 6392: 6390: 6156: 6045:. University of Chicago Press, 2012. p. 142 3953:across Greece, especially among the youth. 3634:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3361:(unity of ethnically Greek states with the 3043:, known as the "Endecja," which was led by 2909:in Bosnia assassinated Archduke Ferdinand. 2780:During the early 19th century, inspired by 2312:in 1806 promoted a feeling of nationalism. 2101:. Three components of Uvarov's triad were: 1569:, and the compatibility of nationalism and 1519:developed alongside nationalism during the 1405:is an idea or movement that holds that the 15676: 15662: 15193: 15179: 14585: 14571: 14427: 13417: 13384: 13162:"Rosa Luxemburg and the national question" 11589: 11112: 11010:Kevin N. Laland; Gillian R. Brown (2011). 10544:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 9510: 8558: 8459:Els orígens històrics de l'anticatalanisme 8133:The Spanish American Revolutions 1808–1826 7788: 7520: 6896:. University of Chicago Press. p. 8. 6827:Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism 6666: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6246: 5937:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. 4790:, even if this requires the imposition of 4695:Ukrainian nationalists carry portraits of 4394: 2592:, rooted in the political position of the 1390: 1376: 786: 772: 14255:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14223: 14148: 14126: 14104: 14002:Nationalism in Asia: A History Since 1945 13945: 13044: 12907:Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America 12894:Nationalism in Asia: A History Since 1945 12490:"Rebranding Fascism: National-Anarchists" 11395:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10393: 10391: 9689: 8997:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 8775: 8535: 8435:The Spanishization of Mallorca: 1808-1932 8016: 7933: 7795:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 21–22. 7203: 6571: 6487: 6282: 6168:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics 6006: 5013:", is a political movement that combines 4311:Primordialist evolutionary interpretation 4183:", or socially constructed institutions. 3767:Learn how and when to remove this message 3749:Learn how and when to remove this message 3691:Learn how and when to remove this message 3485:, an anti-colonial political leader from 2036:The French reaction was a famous case of 1845:was adopted in 1801 as the national one. 15683: 15200: 14329:(2. ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press. 14160: 14041: 13981: 13890: 13864: 13655: 13563: 13560:(1928) the first major scholarly survey. 13483: 13189: 13187: 13122:. 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The movement has been opposed by 3159:Internal Revolutionary Organization 2986:invaded, annexed, and subsequently 2930:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 2653:, have been a historical constant. 2245:Latin American Wars of Independence 1718:Dating the emergence of nationalism 1682:cultural perceptions of nationalism 1504:and the spread of the principle of 1489:. The two main divergent forms are 1481:, and to promote national unity or 24: 14500:Internet Modern History Sourcebook 14464:"Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions" 14353:. 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It also includes ideas of a 3879: 3718:needs additional citations for 3623:or discuss these issues on the 3530:multiracial elections were held 3357:movements Greek advocating for 3268: 2726:dictatorship of Primo de Rivera 2162:wars against the Ottoman Empire 1911: 17496:Separation of church and state 17394:Collectivism and individualism 17349:The Origins of Totalitarianism 15083:Historiography and nationalism 13756:. Cambridge University Press. 12749:"White Nationalism, Explained" 10969:Politics and the Life Sciences 10854:. Cambridge University Press. 10709:. Verso Books. pp. 48–56. 10224:Michael W. Apple, ed. (2009). 9850:. Institute of Modern Russia. 9670:European Journal of Psychology 9437:Nationalism in Colonial Africa 8664:Joe, Brew (26 February 2019). 8507:Lluís, García Sevilla (2021). 8478:Mayans Balcells, Pere (2019). 8017:Hutchings, Stephen C. (2004). 7418:. Cambridge University Press. 7204:Goodblatt, David, ed. 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It lasted until 1994, when 2901:union in the 1860s, claiming 2590:War of the Spanish Succession 2543:Allies in the First World War 2479:into the single state of the 2360:being welcomed by a crowd in 1894:, the popular British author 1849:composed the patriotic song " 1813:A postcard from 1916 showing 1409:should be congruent with the 1268:Critique of political economy 718:Seasonal or cultural festival 17434:Institutional discrimination 17429:History of political thought 16161:Negative and positive rights 14532:University of South Carolina 14437:Nationality in World History 13974:Guibernau, Montserrat 2013 ( 13971:) Polity Press, Cambridge UK 13967:Guibernau, Montserrat 2007 ( 13953:. Harvard University Press. 13474:Resources in other libraries 12326:Schwarzmantel, J. J (2006). 11845:Twentieth Century Literature 11627:Princeton University Press. 11391:Tudor, Maya Jessica (2013). 10538:Teehankee, Julio C. 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(2007). 6657:, 2010. pp. 6–7, 30–31, 37 6441:10.1177/001041400003300602 6414:The Invention of Tradition 6109:Cambridge University Press 5825:Principle of nationalities 5810:Nationalization of history 5805:Nationalist historiography 5726:The Transhumanist Handbook 5594:and anti-nationalism. The 5558: 5515: 5481: 5438: 5400: 5366: 5103: 4990: 4910: 4801: 4775: 4726: 4711: 4680:'s classic description in 4581: 4450: 3883: 3808:Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 3593: 3467: 3440:respectively. It promoted 3346: 3277: 3111:Bulgarian National Revival 3100: 2963: 2819: 2600:, the assimilation of the 2576:in the 1980s (whose party 2436: 2310:Confederation of the Rhine 2277: 2273: 2242: 2059: 2019:) with a call to service: 2011:, taken by Germany in 1871 1988: 1982: 1915: 1857:invented the character of 1668:Nationalist historiography 1665: 1661: 854:Index of politics articles 691:Principle of nationalities 36: 29: 17531: 17381: 17150: 16798: 16531: 16411: 16330: 16242: 16233: 16099: 15933: 15862: 15691: 15501: 15295: 15208: 15033:Anarchism and nationalism 15025: 15004: 14962:List of fascist movements 14743:Constitutional patriotism 14676: 14600: 14524:"The Nationalism Project" 14187:"Nations and Nationalism" 13978:) Polity Press, Cambridge 13867:Nationalism and the State 13861:(1998), textbook; 104 pp. 13469:Resources in your library 13389:. New York: John Day Co. 13328:The Saturday Evening Post 13316:Viereck, George Sylvester 13166:Marxists Internet Archive 12623:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas 12442:10.1080/00313220500198292 12399:Alexander J. Motyl, ed., 12241:10.1017/s0260210507007310 11772:10.1017/s000305540200028x 11686:Mill, John Stuart. 1861. 11345:10.1080/08913819608443417 11302:10.1080/13569319808420780 10981:10.1017/S0730938400025363 10887:Hechter, Michael (2000). 10689:Weber: Political Writings 10658:"The Nature of the State" 10452:Barnett, Anthony (2017). 10403:12 September 2018 at the 9064:Birgit Bock-Luna (2007). 8973:10.1080/01419870120063954 8961:Ethnic and Racial Studies 8003:Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, 7977:Jeremy D. Popkin (2016). 7479:Scholes, Percy A (1970). 6060:Ethnic and Racial Studies 5933:Brubaker, Rogers (1996). 5876:Hechter, Michael (2000). 5396: 5094:African National Congress 5086:Galician Nationalist Bloc 4722: 4707: 3463: 3427:and led by Greek general 3399:Greco-Turkish war of 1919 3286:decisive defeat of Russia 3131:Saint Paisius of Hilendar 2959: 2875:international recognition 2851:were ruled by the Muslim 2815: 2794:Greek war of independence 2775: 2769:Greek War of Independence 2758:constitutional patriotism 2268:complex series of revolts 2055: 1978: 1815:national personifications 1545:" and nationalism as an " 268:Constitutional patriotism 17319:The Revolt of the Masses 14042:Kuznicki, Jason (2008). 14035:26 November 2016 at the 14018:23 November 2016 at the 13418:Newton Lee, ed. (2019). 13120:Key Concepts in Politics 13118:Heywood, Andrew (2000). 13068:Heywood, Andrew (1999). 12835:Hoover Institution Press 12717:Dindar, Oezguer (2009). 12387:23 November 2016 at the 12273:Contemporary Nationalism 12079:The Woman and War Reader 11798:Abizadeh, Arash (2004). 11754:Abizadeh, Arash (2002). 11563:Mbembe, Achille (2001). 11538:Chitkara, M. G. (1998). 11449:Said, Edward W. (1978). 11416:Gellner, Ernest (1997). 11366:Lawrence, Adria (2013). 11016:. Oxford UP. p. 2. 9790:17 November 2017 at the 8912:10.1177/1468796805049922 8815:10.1177/0265691404042507 8768:10.21001/itma.2020.14.04 8159:Central European History 8103:"Monroe Doctrine (1823)" 8021:. Routledge. p. 86. 7008:T.C.W. Blanning (2003). 6947:Nationalism and Violence 6608:Wimmer, Andreas (2019). 6007:Finlayson, Alan (2014). 5906:Gellner, Ernest (1983). 5859: 5511: 5423:. Specific examples are 5043:socialism in one country 4851:and empire-building, to 4741:, a common faith, and a 4701:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 4686:representative democracy 4631:Catalan Republican Party 4627:Breton Federalist League 4593:in his lecture in 1882 " 4446: 4122:became president of the 4101:Make America Great Again 3273: 3146:His successor was Saint 3041:National Democracy Party 2922:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 2666:Cortes del Estatuto Real 2583: 2432: 30:Not to be confused with 17299:The Communist Manifesto 16225:Tyranny of the majority 16136:Consent of the governed 14556:4 February 2015 at the 14489:Encyclopædia Britannica 14482:15 January 2022 at the 14469:21 October 2022 at the 14169:. Stanford University. 13969:The Identity of Nations 13933:Nations and Nationalism 13865:Breuilly, John (1994). 13801:; Tudor, Maya (2021). " 13269:Russell Speaks His Mind 13144:World Book Encyclopedia 13093:Grayling, A.C. (2001). 12378:East European Quarterly 12198:10.1023/a:1011099627847 11952:Gilpin, Robert (1987). 11805:Nations and Nationalism 11715:Nations and Nationalism 9825:10.1111/1467-954X.12270 9813:The Sociological Review 9682:10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1191 8863:Muro & Quiroga 2005 8839:Muro & Quiroga 2005 8721:University of Salamanca 8695:Riquer i Permanyer 1994 8606:Fontana, Josep (1998). 8408:. Oxford UP chapter 8. 8047:Nations and Nationalism 7487:Oxford University Press 6610:"Why Nationalism Works" 6197:Nations and Nationalism 6072:10.1080/014198798329784 5909:Nations and Nationalism 5484:Territorial nationalism 5209:philosophical anarchism 4554:and the Hindu-majority 4402:The Communist Manifesto 4395:Marxist interpretations 4015:is also on the rise in 3536:was elected president. 2920:In 1918, the region of 2767:Beginning in 1821, the 2668:he defended the effort: 2343:Historische Zeitschrift 2334:Heinrich von Treitschke 2110:Russian Orthodox Church 1703:Johann Gottfried Herder 1263:Political organisations 1026:International relations 864:Politics by subdivision 16176: 16126:Clash of civilizations 16112: 15078:Gender and nationalism 14112:. Palgrave Macmillan. 13915:Theorizing Nationalism 13750:; Tudor, Maya (2023). 13200:1 October 2019 at the 13029:"Pandemic Nationalism" 12044:Canadian Woman Studies 10890:Containing Nationalism 10807:International Security 10764:International Security 9368:Patricia Buckley Ebrey 9070:. LIT Verlag Münster. 8241:Hochman, Adam (2015). 7628:The Outline of History 7445:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7439:Gerald Newman (1997). 7368:Raymond Pearson, ed., 7108:Kramer, Lloyd (2011). 6980:Slovak Studies Program 6758:The Review of Politics 6670:; James, Paul (2005). 6476:International Security 6401:. London: Verso Books. 6369:Smith, Deanna (2007). 6017:. Routledge. pp. 5973:, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; 5879:Containing Nationalism 5652: 5500: 5337:of calling themselves 5168:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 5006: 4859:, whereby the East is 4829: 4804:Nationalism and gender 4743:common ethnic ancestry 4704: 4572:independence movements 4522:and his allies in the 4488: 4384: 4373: 4322:The Nature of Politics 4088: 4032:nationalist influences 4005:Bharatiya Janata Party 3852: 3498: 3340: 3304: 3166:April Uprising of 1876 3115:April Uprising of 1876 3059: 2990:. Napoleon set up the 2928:joined the union with 2865:Principality of Serbia 2841: 2788:, former movements of 2772: 2730:dictatorship of Franco 2702: 2690: 2674: 2662:Antonio Alcalà Galiano 2610:Decrees of Nova planta 2596:and the absolutism of 2594:Count-Duke of Olivares 2539: 2464: 2369: 2297: 2089:" was coined by Count 2078: 2026: 2012: 1976: 1951: 1928:Johan Vilhelm Snellman 1909: 1822: 1712:separate German states 1691: 1619:De jure belli ac pacis 1609: 1607:De jure belli ac pacis 616:Gender and nationalism 16141:Divine right of kings 15108:National indifference 14154:Grounded Nationalisms 14054:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 13762:10.1017/9781108973298 12977:96.364 (2009): 5–15. 12586:Patterns of Prejudice 12430:Patterns of Prejudice 12270:Brown, David (2003). 12156:Said, Edward (1979). 12106:Mayer, Tamar (2000). 11674:28 April 2021 at the 11667:Renan, Ernest. 1882. 10662:Oxford Bibliographies 9288:Jewish Social Studies 9267:David, Engel (2009). 8760:Universitat de Lleida 8226:Hruška, Emil (2013), 8174:(Cambridge UP, 1991). 8161:30#2 (1997): 187–220. 7660:kansallisbiografia.fi 7536:. London: Routledge. 7412:Michael Mann (2012). 6890:Wedeen, Lisa (2008). 6577:Bonikowski, Bart and 6117:10.1017/9781108973298 5647: 5518:Nationalism and sport 5491: 5474:) are some examples. 5441:Religious nationalism 5282:beyond left and right 5144:(published by former 5054:26th of July Movement 5001:A political mural in 5000: 4993:Left-wing nationalism 4849:hegemonic masculinity 4827: 4798:Gendered and muscular 4784:state interventionism 4751:cultural assimilation 4694: 4528:composite nationalism 4474: 4379: 4367: 4250:Arnold Joseph Toynbee 4079: 3943:Greek economic crisis 3916:UK Independence Party 3843: 3596:Breakup of Yugoslavia 3590:Breakup of Yugoslavia 3481: 3320: 3299: 3229:Jewish Territorialism 3053: 2893:and Croatia (part of 2855:. The success of the 2839:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2837: 2766: 2698: 2686: 2670: 2530: 2454: 2411:, and all of Western 2364:, where the pro-Nazi 2356: 2326:Johann Gustav Droysen 2294:German tricolor flags 2287: 2085:. The Russian motto " 2069: 2021: 2002: 1989:Further information: 1971: 1925: 1904: 1827:Industrial Revolution 1819:Allies of World War I 1812: 1776:religious nationalism 1701:The Prussian scholar 1686: 1666:Further information: 1604: 1591:left-wing nationalism 1579:national conservatism 1421:) over its perceived 1343:Political campaigning 1083:Public administration 916:Collective leadership 666:National indifference 17562:Political ideologies 17289:Democracy in America 16668:political philosophy 16651:political philosophy 16466:political philosophy 16295:political philosophy 16205:Separation of powers 16166:Night-watchman state 16151:Monopoly on violence 15685:Political philosophy 15202:Political ideologies 15053:Cultural nationalism 14945:National syndicalist 14062:. pp. 347–349. 13984:The Necessary Nation 13913:Day, Graham (2004). 13883:Breuilly, John, ed. 13195:Notes on Nationalism 13046:10.1017/nps.2021.105 13033:Nationalities Papers 12964:6#2 (1989): 145–155. 12655:Sykes, Alan (2005). 12038:Mackay, Eva (2000). 11752:For criticism, see: 11710:For criticism, see: 11625:Liberal Nationalism. 11263:Kohn, Hans (2005) . 11137:K. Marx, F. Engels. 10409:Asia-Pacific Journal 10261:The Passenger: Japan 9819:(2_suppl): 231–249. 9282:Alroey, Gur (2011). 9173:Myths and Nationhood 8196:Adolf Hausrath, ed. 7594:Kohn, Hans (1967) . 6973:"Herder on Language" 6588:7 March 2021 at the 6489:10.1162/isec_a_00329 6085:Smith, A.D. (1981). 5838:Notes on Nationalism 5492:Nationalist slogan " 4943:American nationalism 4913:Integral nationalism 4778:Economic nationalism 4568:resistance movements 4552:Dominion of Pakistan 4485:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 4453:Types of nationalism 4181:Imagined Communities 4148:political scientists 4132:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 4013:Buddhist nationalism 3941:. In the 2010s, the 3939:Spanish nationalists 3927:Catalan nationalists 3900:September 11 attacks 3791:In his 1992 article 3727:improve this article 3406:4th of August regime 3312:New Culture Movement 3148:Sophronius of Vratsa 2907:Serb revolutionaries 2746:National-Catholicism 2719:shaped against Islam 2366:Sudeten German Party 2072:Millennium of Russia 1991:French–German enmity 1950:in the 19th century. 1948:Finnish nationalists 1768:Second Temple period 1734:and even antiquity. 1673:Intellectual origins 1543:imagined communities 1531:Modernization theory 1525:socially constructed 1487:types of nationalism 1193:Separation of powers 1064:Political psychology 1039:Comparative politics 1017:political scientists 1004:Academic disciplines 884:Political philosophy 591:Cultural nationalism 460:National syndicalist 17479:Right-wing politics 17359:A Theory of Justice 17329:The Road to Serfdom 17249:The Social Contract 15956:Christian democracy 15320:Christian democracy 15128:Nationalism studies 13857:Baycroft, Timothy. 13808:3 July 2022 at the 13318:(26 October 1929). 13286:"The ethics of war" 13211:1 July 2019 at the 12984:7 June 2019 at the 12788:New York Daily News 12550:Intelligence Report 12110:. Psychology Press. 11623:Tamir, Yael. 1993. 11599:Nash, Kate (2001). 11051:, pp. 495–496. 10957:, pp. 272–273. 10921:, pp. 508–509. 10687:Weber, Max (1994). 10488:. 22 October 2018. 10264:. Europa Editions. 10167:. 12 October 2017. 10137:. 7 November 2017. 10099:Iwanek, Krzysztof. 9761:. 5 February 2018. 9328:Rotem Kowner, ed., 9117:Christopher Clark, 8464:5 June 2022 at the 8031:Astrid S. Tuminez, 7830:The History Teacher 7789:John Horne (2012). 7335:Zimmer, O. (2003). 7141:Kohn, Hans (1939). 6788:merriam-webster.com 5799:Nationalism studies 5496:", used during the 5409:banning race mixing 5369:Nativism (politics) 5257:, economically non- 5092:in Bangladesh, the 5022:national liberation 4606:liberal nationalism 4544:Indian subcontinent 4370:Revolutions of 1848 4238:Rabindranath Tagore 4226:Carlton J. H. Hayes 4136:national referendum 4009:right-wing populism 3929:have led a renewed 3849:revolutions of 1989 3781:Revolutions of 1989 3470:African nationalism 3308:May Fourth Movement 3280:Chinese nationalism 3152:Bulgarian Exarchate 2946:Yugoslav Communists 2830:Serbian nationalism 2738:the other languages 2658:Spanish nationalism 2619:national minorities 2522:Italian nationalism 2469:Italian unification 2455:People cheering as 2447:Italian unification 2443:Italian nationalism 2288:Revolutionaries in 2270:from 1808 to 1826. 2154:pan-Slavic movement 2126:protection for all 2062:Russian nationalism 1956:popular sovereignty 1804:American Revolution 1756:Great Jewish Revolt 1583:right-wing populism 1506:popular sovereignty 1455:geographic location 1366:Politics portal 1215:Election commission 1186:Government branches 1069:Political sociology 921:Confessional system 859:Politics by country 760:Politics portal 713:Right-wing populism 671:Nationalism studies 17491:Political violence 17486:Political theology 17469:Left-wing politics 17464:Political spectrum 15235:Political spectrum 14510:on 28 October 2014 14504:Fordham University 14199:(1). Spring 2010. 13887:(Oxford UP, 2013). 13556:Hayes, Carlton J. 13485:Anderson, Benedict 12753:The New York Times 12358:on 19 October 2017 12186:Theory and Society 11925:Timothy Baycroft, 11658:, pp. 188–189 10011:on 25 October 2018 10005:Xinhua News Agency 9452:(Routledge, 2013). 9358:(Oxford UP, 2015). 9332:(Routledge, 2006). 9130:Sabrina P. Ramet, 8957:Núñez, Xosé-Manoel 8216:(1990) pp. 399–401 7934:K. Varley (2008). 7485:(tenth ed.). 6729:Gat, Azar (2012). 6209:10.1111/nana.12349 5708:Jiddu Krishnamurti 5635:self-determination 5530:Commonwealth Games 5501: 5403:Racial nationalism 5323:white nationalists 5274:national-anarchism 5272:Although the term 5205:ethnic nationalism 5132:post-Soviet states 5106:National-anarchism 5100:National-anarchism 5056:that launched the 5026:self-determination 5017:with nationalism. 5015:left-wing politics 5011:National Socialism 5007: 4958:anti-individualism 4830: 4729:Ethnic nationalism 4714:Creole nationalism 4705: 4674:ethnic nationalism 4495:in the mid-1900s. 4489: 4374: 4089: 4039:ultra-conservative 3970:Jarosław Kaczyński 3858:Slobodan Milošević 3853: 3793:Jihad vs. McWorld, 3656:possibly contains 3499: 3241:moved to Palestine 3176:Jewish Nationalism 3124:under Ottoman rule 3060: 2988:partitioned Poland 2970:Polish nationalism 2948:established a new 2857:Serbian Revolution 2846:Orthodox Christian 2844:For centuries the 2842: 2773: 2465: 2457:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2370: 2330:Heinrich von Sybel 2298: 2280:German nationalism 2223:. You can help by 2198:Konstantin Aksakov 2079: 2013: 1985:French nationalism 1952: 1823: 1787:French nationalism 1610: 1547:invented tradition 1510:self determination 1491:ethnic nationalism 1431:self-determination 1049:Political analysis 981:Semi-parliamentary 631:Imagined community 465:National Bolshevik 184:Self-determination 17544: 17543: 17454:Philosophy of law 17399:Conflict theories 17239:The Spirit of Law 17146: 17145: 16195:Original position 15651: 15650: 15350:Constitutionalism 15213:The Establishment 15168: 15167: 15113:National question 15073:Gastronationalism 15058:Diaspora politics 15048:Banal nationalism 15017:Nationalist Clubs 14538:on 2 October 2019 14369:Smith, Anthony D. 14345:Smith, Anthony D. 14321:Smith, Anthony D. 14297:Smith, Anthony D. 14271:Smith, Anthony D. 14247:Smith, Anthony D. 14150:Malesevic, Sinisa 14128:Malesevic, Sinisa 14106:Malesevic, Sinisa 13931:Gellner, Ernest. 13565:Hobsbawm, Eric J. 13532:Delanty, Gerard; 13514:Banal Nationalism 13493:. London: Verso. 13455:Library resources 13429:978-3-030-16920-6 13282:Russell, Bertrand 12879:Andrew Jennings, 12332:Political Studies 12300:in his 1928 book 11894:. PublicEye.org. 11565:On the postcolony 11491:. Politics Review 11485:"Politics Review" 10633:. 18 April 2017. 10037:. 18 March 2014. 9977:. 13 March 2018. 9945:. 25 April 2017. 9800:. 8 October 2017. 9719:Stanford Politics 9077:978-3-8258-9752-9 8904:SAGE Publications 8841:, pp. 17–18. 8697:, pp. 14–15. 8493:978-84-947201-4-7 8309:Tricycle Magazine 8183:Louis L. Snyder, 8107:National Archives 7562:French Revolution 7528:Smith, Anthony D. 7287:. . p. 274. 7267:978-0-87417-204-1 7258:National Identity 7227:978-0-521-86202-8 7046:978-0-19-876820-3 6971:Votruba, Martin. 6812:See Norman Rich, 6598:, 81(5): 949–980. 6321:978-0-19-022863-7 5944:978-0-521-57649-9 5744:Gastronationalism 5629:(a communist) to 5549:COVID-19 pandemic 5472:Two-Nation Theory 5429:white nationalism 5425:black nationalism 5350:Jewish anarchists 5303:, dismantling of 5215:whilst rejecting 5213:stateless society 5191:racial separatism 5141:Alternative Green 5118:, founder of the 4788:capital formation 4699:and flags of the 4682:What is a Nation? 4654:individual rights 4619:Corsican Republic 4595:What is a Nation? 4584:Civic nationalism 4578:Civic and liberal 4556:Dominion of India 4497:Benedict Anderson 4275:Ferdinand Tönnies 4234:Ferdinand Tönnies 4177:Benedict Anderson 4142:Political science 4001:Hindu nationalism 3951:Greek nationalism 3777: 3776: 3769: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3701: 3700: 3693: 3658:original research 3638: 3580:Ottoman Palestine 3491:Northern Rhodesia 3474:History of Africa 3369:, as well as the 3363:Hellenic Republic 3349:Greek nationalism 3251:Jewish Autonomism 3218:Religious Zionism 2976:Habsburg monarchy 2966:History of Poland 2942:Yugoslav identity 2936:. It was renamed 2926:Kingdom of Serbia 2822:History of Serbia 2790:Greek nationalism 2541:Italy joined the 2526:R. J. B. Bosworth 2518:Otto von Bismarck 2477:Italian peninsula 2317:Otto von Bismarck 2306:Holy Roman Empire 2241: 2240: 2190:Aleksey Khomyakov 1800:Corsican Republic 1783:French Revolution 1754:as examples. The 1728:French Revolution 1695:Age of Revolution 1632:Thirty Years' War 1624:Eighty Years' War 1502:French Revolution 1495:civic nationalism 1443:national identity 1400: 1399: 1348:Political parties 1288:Electoral systems 1012:Political science 986:Semi-presidential 898:Political systems 874:Political history 869:Political economy 796: 795: 611:Gastronationalism 596:Diaspora politics 571:Banal nationalism 18:National ideology 16:(Redirected from 17569: 17459:Political ethics 17449:Machiavellianism 17389:Authoritarianism 17374: 17364: 17354: 17344: 17334: 17324: 17314: 17304: 17294: 17284: 17274: 17264: 17254: 17244: 17234: 17224: 17214: 17204: 17194: 17184: 17174: 17164: 16240: 16239: 16181: 16117: 16107:Balance of power 16081:Social democracy 16076:Social Darwinism 16051:Multiculturalism 15996:Environmentalism 15971:Communitarianism 15678: 15671: 15664: 15655: 15654: 15578:Internationalism 15509:Authoritarianism 15478:Social democracy 15372:Environmentalism 15335:Communitarianism 15195: 15188: 15181: 15172: 15171: 15151: 15138:Plurinationalism 15118:National revival 15088:Internationalism 15043:Anti-nationalism 15026:Related concepts 14587: 14580: 14573: 14564: 14563: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14534:. Archived from 14519: 14517: 14515: 14506:. Archived from 14452: 14450: 14448: 14429:White, Philip L. 14424: 14422: 14420: 14415:on 16 March 2009 14411:. Archived from 14388: 14364: 14340: 14316: 14292: 14280: 14266: 14242: 14220: 14218: 14216: 14182: 14180: 14178: 14157: 14145: 14123: 14101: 14099: 14097: 14000:Kingston, Jeff. 13997: 13986:. Princeton UP. 13964: 13928: 13909: 13898:. Cambridge UP. 13892:Brubaker, Rogers 13880: 13846: 13834: 13825:Snyder, Louis L. 13795: 13793: 13791: 13743: 13726:Motyl, Alexander 13721: 13697: 13676: 13643: 13641: 13639: 13617: 13605: 13591: 13582: 13553: 13528: 13517:. London: Sage. 13504: 13442: 13441: 13415: 13409: 13408: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13354: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13343: 13337: 13324: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13278: 13272: 13266: 13260: 13257: 13251: 13250: 13222: 13216: 13191: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13177: 13154: 13148: 13140: 13134: 13133: 13115: 13109: 13108: 13090: 13084: 13083: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13048: 13024: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013: 12994: 12988: 12971: 12965: 12955: 12949: 12942: 12936: 12929: 12923: 12916: 12910: 12903: 12897: 12890: 12884: 12877: 12871: 12864: 12858: 12852: 12846: 12828: 12822: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12778: 12769: 12768: 12766: 12764: 12744: 12735: 12734: 12714: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12703: 12677: 12671: 12670: 12652: 12643: 12642: 12619: 12610: 12609: 12578: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12537: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12485: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12421: 12404: 12397: 12391: 12374: 12368: 12367: 12365: 12363: 12354:. 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Random House. 10449: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10418: 10412: 10395: 10386: 10385: 10379: 10377: 10356: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10342: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10307: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10221: 10215: 10214: 10187: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10016: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9965: 9959: 9958: 9956: 9954: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9913:. 5 April 2018. 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9843: 9837: 9836: 9807: 9801: 9781: 9775: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9732: 9723: 9722: 9710: 9704: 9703: 9693: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9643:10.2307/20202389 9626: 9620: 9619: 9591: 9585: 9584: 9567:(577): 357–363. 9556: 9537: 9536: 9525:10.2307/20045621 9508: 9497: 9496: 9488: 9479: 9478: 9470: 9453: 9446: 9440: 9435:Thomas Hodgkin, 9433: 9427: 9420: 9414: 9407: 9401: 9396:David Anderson, 9394: 9388: 9383:Alistair Horne, 9381: 9375: 9365: 9359: 9352: 9346: 9339: 9333: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9237: 9231: 9230: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9167: 9161: 9154: 9148: 9143:Richard Blanke, 9141: 9135: 9128: 9122: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9088: 9082: 9081: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9022: 9016: 9015: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8936: 8893: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8827: 8826: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8779: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8679: 8677: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8603: 8597: 8596: 8588: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8504: 8498: 8497: 8475: 8469: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8399: 8393: 8378: 8372: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8269: 8263: 8262: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8223: 8217: 8210: 8204: 8194: 8188: 8181: 8175: 8168: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8109:. 25 June 2021. 8099: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8042: 8036: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8014: 8008: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7974: 7965: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7916: 7910: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7860: 7854: 7853: 7842:10.2307/30036938 7825: 7819: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7786: 7780: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7712: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7692:. 2 April 2020. 7682: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7573: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7524: 7518: 7517: 7497: 7491: 7490: 7476: 7470: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7409: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7398: 7379: 7373: 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7332: 7326: 7325: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7201: 7190: 7189: 7153:(6): 1001–1021. 7138: 7132: 7131: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7072: 7063: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7005: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6988: 6977: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6941: 6935: 6932: 6926: 6923: 6917: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6847:(5): 1432–1433. 6836: 6830: 6823: 6817: 6810: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6664: 6658: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6605: 6599: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6491: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6435:(6–7): 703–734. 6424: 6418: 6417: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6394: 6385: 6384: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6262: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6163: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6146: 6100: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6055: 6046: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6009:"5. Nationalism" 6004: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5960: 5949: 5948: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5903: 5894: 5893: 5873: 5833: 5700:Bertrand Russell 5592:internationalism 5568:multiculturalism 5421:multiculturalism 5388: 5305:national borders 5233:in place of the 5058:Cuban Revolution 5033:Marxism–Leninism 5030:Anti-revisionist 4662:John Stuart Mill 4542:resulted in the 4411:Friedrich Engels 4338:Social Darwinist 4046:Nanking Massacre 3827:Central European 3772: 3765: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3711: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3673:inline citations 3649: 3648: 3641: 3630: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3545:Arab nationalism 3442:Greek traditions 3438:Byzantine empire 3233:Zionist Movement 2887:Vardar Macedonia 2826:History of Serbs 2810:Classical Greece 2802:Christian Europe 2734:military flavour 2635:Balearic Islands 2547:Benito Mussolini 2514:Francesco Crispi 2481:Kingdom of Italy 2332:(1817–1895) and 2236: 2233: 2215: 2208: 2188:and traditions. 2120:House of Romanov 1851:Rule, Britannia! 1835:National symbols 1802:(1755–1768) and 1764:Anthony D. Smith 1744:classical Greeks 1678:Anthony D. Smith 1557:Anthony D. Smith 1392: 1385: 1378: 1364: 1363: 1154: 1099: 1054:Political theory 1044:Election science 1034: 1020: 798: 797: 788: 781: 774: 758: 757: 699: 681:Plurinationalism 641:Internationalism 581:Communitarianism 566:Anti-imperialism 556:Anti-nationalism 545:Related concepts 46: 45: 21: 17577: 17576: 17572: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17567: 17566: 17547: 17546: 17545: 17540: 17527: 17516:Totalitarianism 17377: 17372: 17362: 17352: 17342: 17332: 17322: 17312: 17302: 17292: 17282: 17272: 17262: 17252: 17242: 17232: 17222: 17212: 17202: 17192: 17189:Treatise on Law 17182: 17172: 17162: 17142: 16800: 16794: 16533: 16527: 16413: 16407: 16326: 16229: 16215:State of nature 16210:Social contract 16190:Ordered liberty 16178:Noblesse oblige 16095: 15929: 15858: 15687: 15682: 15652: 15647: 15643:Totalitarianism 15497: 15300:Accelerationism 15291: 15204: 15199: 15169: 15164: 15145: 15103:Nation-building 15021: 15000: 14672: 14596: 14591: 14558:Wayback Machine 14541: 14539: 14522: 14513: 14511: 14494: 14484:Wayback Machine 14471:Wayback Machine 14460: 14455: 14446: 14444: 14418: 14416: 14409: 14385: 14361: 14337: 14313: 14312:978-158465-0409 14289: 14263: 14239: 14225:Özkirimli, Umut 14214: 14212: 14185: 14176: 14174: 14142: 14120: 14095: 14093: 14078: 14037:Wayback Machine 14024:Kramer, Lloyd. 14020:Wayback Machine 13994: 13961: 13947:Greenfeld, Liah 13935:(2nd ed. 2009). 13925: 13906: 13877: 13853: 13851:Further reading 13843: 13810:Wayback Machine 13799:Mylonas, Harris 13789: 13787: 13772: 13748:Mylonas, Harris 13740: 13718: 13694: 13673: 13637: 13635: 13614: 13579: 13550: 13536:, eds. (2006). 13525: 13509:Billig, Michael 13501: 13480: 13479: 13478: 13463: 13462: 13458: 13451: 13446: 13445: 13430: 13416: 13412: 13397: 13383: 13379: 13369: 13367: 13356: 13355: 13351: 13341: 13339: 13335: 13331:. p. 117. 13322: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13279: 13275: 13267: 13263: 13258: 13254: 13239:10.2307/3654261 13223: 13219: 13213:Wayback Machine 13202:Wayback Machine 13193:George Orwell, 13192: 13185: 13175: 13173: 13155: 13151: 13141: 13137: 13130: 13116: 13112: 13105: 13091: 13087: 13080: 13066: 13062: 13025: 13021: 13011: 13009: 12996: 12995: 12991: 12986:Wayback Machine 12972: 12968: 12956: 12952: 12943: 12939: 12930: 12926: 12917: 12913: 12904: 12900: 12892:Jeff Kingston, 12891: 12887: 12878: 12874: 12865: 12861: 12853: 12849: 12829: 12825: 12812: 12808: 12798: 12796: 12779: 12772: 12762: 12760: 12745: 12738: 12731: 12715: 12711: 12701: 12699: 12678: 12674: 12667: 12653: 12646: 12639: 12620: 12613: 12579: 12570: 12560: 12558: 12543:(Summer 2009). 12538: 12519: 12509: 12507: 12486: 12469: 12459: 12457: 12422: 12407: 12398: 12394: 12389:Wayback Machine 12375: 12371: 12361: 12359: 12324: 12320: 12311: 12307: 12295: 12291: 12284: 12268: 12264: 12225: 12221: 12182: 12175: 12168: 12154: 12150: 12135:10.2307/4129220 12119: 12115: 12104: 12100: 12093: 12071: 12067: 12057: 12055: 12036: 12023: 12000: 11985: 11975: 11973: 11966: 11950: 11946: 11937: 11933: 11924: 11920: 11915: 11911: 11901: 11899: 11890: 11889: 11885: 11877:D. A. Brading, 11876: 11872: 11857:10.2307/3176007 11841: 11837: 11827: 11825: 11789: 11787: 11751: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11709: 11705: 11697: 11693: 11685: 11681: 11676:Wayback Machine 11666: 11662: 11654: 11650: 11642: 11638: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11597: 11590: 11575: 11561: 11557: 11550: 11536: 11532: 11522: 11508: 11504: 11494: 11492: 11488: 11480: 11476: 11461: 11447: 11443: 11428: 11414: 11410: 11403: 11389: 11385: 11378: 11364: 11360: 11333:Critical Review 11329: 11325: 11286: 11282: 11275: 11261: 11257: 11218: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11187: 11183: 11152: 11148: 11135: 11131: 11111: 11107: 11098: 11094: 11086: 11079: 11071: 11067: 11059: 11055: 11047: 11043: 11035: 11031: 11024: 11008: 11004: 10965: 10961: 10953: 10946: 10938: 10925: 10917: 10908: 10901: 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10862: 10846: 10842: 10819:10.2307/2539098 10803: 10799: 10776:10.2307/2538753 10760: 10753: 10742: 10740: 10718: 10714: 10703: 10696: 10685: 10681: 10671: 10669: 10654: 10650: 10640: 10638: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10610: 10608: 10599: 10598: 10594: 10584: 10582: 10567: 10563: 10553: 10551: 10550:on 31 July 2017 10536: 10532: 10522: 10520: 10509: 10505: 10495: 10493: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10466: 10450: 10446: 10436: 10434: 10419: 10415: 10405:Wayback Machine 10396: 10389: 10375: 10373: 10368:. 8 July 2020. 10358: 10357: 10353: 10340: 10338: 10333:. 8 July 2020. 10323: 10322: 10318: 10305: 10303: 10298:. 8 July 2020. 10288: 10287: 10283: 10272: 10256: 10252: 10242: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10200:. p. 242. 10188: 10184: 10174: 10172: 10159: 10158: 10154: 10144: 10142: 10129: 10128: 10124: 10114: 10112: 10105:thediplomat.com 10097: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10029: 10028: 10024: 10014: 10012: 9999: 9998: 9994: 9984: 9982: 9967: 9966: 9962: 9952: 9950: 9942:Washington Post 9935: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9844: 9840: 9808: 9804: 9792:Wayback Machine 9782: 9778: 9768: 9766: 9759:Foreign Affairs 9753: 9752: 9748: 9741:Washington Post 9733: 9726: 9711: 9707: 9662: 9658: 9627: 9623: 9602:(599): 97–102. 9596:Current History 9592: 9588: 9561:Current History 9557: 9540: 9513:Foreign Affairs 9509: 9500: 9489: 9482: 9471: 9456: 9447: 9443: 9434: 9430: 9421: 9417: 9408: 9404: 9395: 9391: 9382: 9378: 9366: 9362: 9354:Shakhar Rahav, 9353: 9349: 9340: 9336: 9327: 9323: 9280: 9276: 9265: 9261: 9254: 9243:Heart of Europe 9240:Davies (2001). 9238: 9234: 9195: 9191: 9184: 9168: 9164: 9156:Norman Davies, 9155: 9151: 9142: 9138: 9129: 9125: 9116: 9112: 9105: 9089: 9085: 9078: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9046: 9039: 9023: 9019: 9012: 8992: 8988: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8934: 8891: 8885: 8881: 8873: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8837: 8830: 8797: 8793: 8752: 8748: 8738: 8736: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8675: 8673: 8662: 8658: 8651: 8633: 8629: 8622: 8604: 8600: 8589: 8585: 8575: 8573: 8572:on 19 July 2008 8564: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8505: 8501: 8494: 8476: 8472: 8466:Wayback Machine 8456: 8452: 8445: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8400: 8396: 8379: 8375: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8342:Smithsonian.com 8333: 8329: 8319: 8317: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8271: 8270: 8266: 8239: 8235: 8224: 8220: 8211: 8207: 8195: 8191: 8182: 8178: 8170:Hagen Schulze, 8169: 8165: 8156: 8152: 8143: 8139: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8101: 8100: 8096: 8086: 8084: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8043: 8039: 8030: 8026: 8015: 8011: 8002: 7998: 7991: 7975: 7968: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7917: 7913: 7904: 7900: 7861: 7857: 7826: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7803: 7787: 7783: 7770: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7743: 7739: 7729: 7727: 7722:. 12 May 2006. 7714: 7713: 7709: 7699: 7697: 7684: 7683: 7679: 7669: 7667: 7654: 7653: 7649: 7639: 7637: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7612: 7592: 7588: 7584:, pp. 171. 7580: 7576: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7498: 7494: 7477: 7473: 7464: 7460: 7453: 7437: 7433: 7426: 7410: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7367: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7349: 7333: 7329: 7306: 7302: 7295: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7202: 7193: 7159:10.2307/1948728 7139: 7135: 7120: 7106: 7102: 7087: 7073: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7047: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7006: 7002: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6975: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6942: 6938: 6933: 6929: 6924: 6920: 6915: 6911: 6904: 6888: 6884: 6837: 6833: 6824: 6820: 6811: 6807: 6797: 6795: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6710: 6708: 6697: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6665: 6661: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6614:Foreign Affairs 6606: 6602: 6590:Wayback Machine 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6517: 6513: 6468: 6464: 6425: 6421: 6410: 6406: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6367: 6363: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6296: 6292: 6263: 6244: 6234: 6232: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6164: 6157: 6144: 6142: 6127: 6101: 6094: 6083: 6079: 6056: 6049: 6041:Yack, Bernard. 6040: 6036: 6029: 6005: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5961: 5952: 5945: 5931: 5927: 5920: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5874: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5827: 5779:National memory 5734: 5704:Albert Einstein 5631:Józef Piłsudski 5596:Islamic revival 5563: 5557: 5542: 5520: 5514: 5486: 5480: 5443: 5437: 5405: 5399: 5386: 5371: 5365: 5261:, ecologically 5251:tribal communes 5164:Peter Kropotkin 5156:Mikhail Bakunin 5147:Green Anarchist 5108: 5102: 4995: 4989: 4923: 4921:Pan-nationalism 4911:Main articles: 4909: 4894:heteronormative 4875:, which shares 4840:heteronormative 4806: 4800: 4780: 4774: 4739:common language 4731: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4623:United Irishmen 4586: 4580: 4469: 4455: 4449: 4397: 4391:modern world." 4342:Herbert Spencer 4313: 4254:Talcott Parsons 4218: 4179:, nations are " 4169:social contract 4144: 4120:Rodrigo Duterte 4057:2016 referendum 3966:Law and Justice 3888: 3886:Neo-nationalism 3882: 3819:Austria-Hungary 3796:Benjamin Barber 3773: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3724: 3712: 3697: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3662: 3650: 3646: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3542: 3476: 3468:Main articles: 3466: 3429:Ioannis Metaxas 3387:Northern Epirus 3351: 3345: 3282: 3276: 3271: 3239:. As more Jews 3237:no matter where 3231:split from the 3178: 3161:was initiated. 3117: 3101:Main articles: 3099: 3008:Polish language 2996:Congress Poland 2992:Duchy of Warsaw 2972: 2964:Main articles: 2962: 2940:in 1929, and a 2915:First World War 2911:Austria-Hungary 2895:Austria-Hungary 2832: 2820:Main articles: 2818: 2778: 2742:regenerationist 2706:Cortes of Cádiz 2606:Castilian Crown 2602:Crown of Aragon 2586: 2566:Communist Party 2510:Catholic Church 2494:Italo-Dalmatian 2449: 2439:Italian Fascism 2437:Main articles: 2435: 2282: 2276: 2264:Monroe Doctrine 2247: 2237: 2231: 2228: 2221:needs expansion 2206: 2194:Ivan Kireyevsky 2186:Russian culture 2142:national spirit 2076:Russian history 2064: 2058: 2030:Alsace-Lorraine 2009:Alsace-Lorraine 1997: 1987: 1981: 1920: 1914: 1817:of some of the 1720: 1675: 1670: 1664: 1599: 1571:cosmopolitanism 1419:self-governance 1396: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1283: 1282: 1273: 1272: 1230: 1229: 1220: 1219: 1188: 1187: 1178: 1177: 1173:Public interest 1158:Domestic policy 1148: 1141: 1140: 1129: 1128: 1093: 1086: 1085: 1074: 1073: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1014: 1006: 1005: 996: 995: 901: 900: 889: 888: 844: 843: 834: 803:Politics series 792: 752: 745: 744: 693: 586:Cosmopolitanism 546: 538: 537: 532: 524: 523: 204: 194: 193: 164: 156: 155: 71: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17575: 17565: 17564: 17559: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17538: 17532: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17525: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17506:Social justice 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17482: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17414:Egalitarianism 17411: 17406: 17404:Contractualism 17401: 17396: 17391: 17385: 17383: 17379: 17378: 17376: 17375: 17365: 17355: 17345: 17335: 17325: 17315: 17305: 17295: 17285: 17275: 17265: 17255: 17245: 17235: 17225: 17215: 17205: 17195: 17185: 17175: 17165: 17154: 17152: 17148: 17147: 17144: 17143: 17141: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 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15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15741: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15695: 15693: 15689: 15688: 15681: 15680: 15673: 15666: 15658: 15649: 15648: 15646: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15549: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15517: 15516: 15505: 15503: 15499: 15498: 15496: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15480: 15475: 15474: 15473: 15468: 15458: 15453: 15452: 15451: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15429:Libertarianism 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15404:Fundamentalism 15401: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15392:Third Position 15389: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15368: 15367: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15296: 15293: 15292: 15290: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15273: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15221: 15220: 15209: 15206: 15205: 15198: 15197: 15190: 15183: 15175: 15166: 15165: 15163: 15162: 15160:State-building 15157: 15152: 15140: 15135: 15133:Natural border 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15068:Exceptionalism 15065: 15063:Eliminationism 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15029: 15027: 15023: 15022: 15020: 15019: 15014: 15008: 15006: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14968: 14967: 14966: 14965: 14964: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14942: 14932: 14927: 14926: 14925: 14924: 14923: 14913: 14908: 14907: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14881: 14880: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14808: 14807: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14786: 14785: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14735: 14734: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14713: 14712: 14711: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14680: 14678: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14604: 14602: 14598: 14597: 14590: 14589: 14582: 14575: 14567: 14561: 14560: 14548: 14520: 14492: 14474: 14459: 14458:External links 14456: 14454: 14453: 14425: 14408:978-0875692050 14407: 14395:, ed. (1999). 14389: 14384:978-0199662975 14383: 14365: 14360:978-1135999483 14359: 14341: 14336:978-0745651279 14335: 14317: 14311: 14293: 14288:978-0745610191 14287: 14267: 14262:978-0521232678 14261: 14243: 14238:978-0230577329 14237: 14221: 14183: 14158: 14146: 14141:978-0745653396 14140: 14124: 14119:978-1403987860 14118: 14102: 14077:978-1412965804 14076: 14060:Cato Institute 14048:Hamowy, Ronald 14039: 14022: 14005: 13998: 13993:978-0691070292 13992: 13979: 13972: 13965: 13960:978-0674603189 13959: 13943: 13936: 13929: 13924:978-0333962657 13923: 13910: 13905:978-0521572248 13904: 13888: 13881: 13876:978-0226074146 13875: 13862: 13854: 13852: 13849: 13848: 13847: 13842:978-1557781673 13841: 13821: 13796: 13770: 13744: 13739:978-0122272301 13738: 13728:, ed. (2001). 13722: 13717:978-0198280477 13716: 13707:On Nationality 13698: 13693:978-0765800022 13692: 13677: 13672:978-0198279495 13671: 13657:Kymlicka, Will 13653: 13644: 13618: 13613:978-0761950721 13612: 13592: 13583: 13578:978-0521439619 13577: 13561: 13554: 13549:978-1412901017 13548: 13534:Kumar, Krishan 13529: 13524:978-0803975255 13523: 13505: 13500:978-0860910596 13499: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13465: 13464: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13444: 13443: 13428: 13410: 13395: 13377: 13349: 13307: 13273: 13261: 13252: 13233:(1): 129–149. 13217: 13183: 13149: 13135: 13129:978-0333770955 13128: 13110: 13104:978-0297607588 13103: 13085: 13079:978-0333760918 13078: 13060: 13019: 13002:Cambridge Core 12989: 12966: 12950: 12937: 12924: 12918:Alan Bairner, 12911: 12898: 12885: 12872: 12859: 12847: 12843:978-0817973926 12823: 12806: 12770: 12736: 12730:978-3640704453 12729: 12709: 12672: 12666:978-0333599235 12665: 12644: 12638:978-0814731550 12637: 12611: 12582:Griffin, Roger 12568: 12541:Sanchez, Casey 12517: 12495:The Public Eye 12467: 12436:(3): 301–326. 12405: 12403:(2 vol. 2000). 12392: 12380:, 41#4 (2008) 12369: 12338:(2): 239–255. 12318: 12305: 12289: 12283:978-1134695416 12282: 12262: 12219: 12192:(1): 121–152. 12173: 12167:978-0394740676 12166: 12148: 12113: 12098: 12092:978-0814751459 12091: 12065: 12021: 12010:(2): 167–179. 11983: 11965:978-0691022628 11964: 11944: 11931: 11918: 11909: 11883: 11870: 11835: 11812:(3): 231–250. 11766:(3): 495–509. 11745: 11733: 11703: 11691: 11679: 11660: 11648: 11646:, p. 200. 11636: 11616: 11610:978-0631210504 11609: 11588: 11574:978-0520917538 11573: 11555: 11548: 11530: 11521:978-8187712268 11520: 11502: 11482:Grant, Moyra. 11474: 11459: 11441: 11426: 11408: 11401: 11383: 11376: 11358: 11339:(2): 193–211. 11323: 11296:(3): 255–274. 11280: 11274:978-1412804769 11273: 11255: 11234:10.1086/217296 11228:(6): 723–737. 11212: 11181: 11168:10.2307/590606 11146: 11129: 11105: 11103:(2000) p. 174. 11092: 11090:, p. 272. 11077: 11075:, p. 271. 11065: 11063:, p. 268. 11053: 11041: 11039:, p. 273. 11029: 11023:978-0199586967 11022: 11002: 10959: 10944: 10942:, p. 510. 10923: 10906: 10900:978-0198297420 10899: 10879: 10861:978-1107037090 10860: 10840: 10797: 10770:(4): 117–139. 10751: 10712: 10694: 10679: 10648: 10618: 10592: 10575:New York Times 10561: 10530: 10503: 10471: 10465:978-1783524549 10464: 10444: 10413: 10387: 10365:Deutsche Welle 10351: 10316: 10281: 10270: 10250: 10240: 10234:. p. 69. 10216: 10206: 10182: 10152: 10122: 10091: 10052: 10022: 9992: 9960: 9928: 9896: 9879:Foreign Policy 9865: 9838: 9802: 9776: 9746: 9724: 9705: 9676:(2): 203–209. 9656: 9637:(3): 399–423. 9621: 9586: 9538: 9498: 9480: 9454: 9441: 9428: 9415: 9402: 9389: 9376: 9374:(1996) p. 271. 9360: 9347: 9334: 9321: 9274: 9259: 9253:978-0191587719 9252: 9232: 9205:(2): 381–393. 9189: 9183:978-0415919746 9182: 9162: 9149: 9136: 9123: 9110: 9104:978-0801453717 9103: 9083: 9076: 9056: 9038:978-1118337837 9037: 9017: 9011:978-0299809263 9010: 8986: 8967:(5): 719–752. 8948: 8879: 8877:, p. 719. 8867: 8855: 8853:, p. 720. 8843: 8828: 8791: 8746: 8699: 8687: 8656: 8649: 8627: 8620: 8598: 8583: 8557: 8550: 8528: 8521: 8499: 8492: 8470: 8457:Antoni Simon, 8450: 8443: 8421: 8415:978-0191584077 8414: 8394: 8390:978-1134780884 8373: 8360: 8327: 8294: 8273:"Aryan people" 8264: 8233: 8218: 8205: 8202:online edition 8189: 8176: 8163: 8150: 8137: 8135:(2nd ed. 1986) 8124: 8094: 8064: 8053:(2): 201–221. 8037: 8024: 8009: 7996: 7990:978-1315508207 7989: 7966: 7953: 7947:978-0230582347 7946: 7926: 7911: 7898: 7877:10.1086/237315 7855: 7820: 7802:978-1119968702 7801: 7781: 7777:978-8763507936 7764: 7745:Öhberg, Tony. 7737: 7720:Valtioneuvosto 7707: 7677: 7647: 7626:"Wells, H.G., 7617: 7611:978-1412837293 7610: 7586: 7574: 7570:978-0199205165 7549: 7543:978-0415063418 7542: 7519: 7513:978-0312682477 7512: 7492: 7489:. p. 897. 7471: 7458: 7452:978-0312176990 7451: 7431: 7424: 7404: 7374: 7361: 7348:978-1403943880 7347: 7327: 7300: 7294:978-9712314728 7293: 7273: 7266: 7248: 7239: 7226: 7191: 7133: 7119:978-0807872000 7118: 7100: 7086:978-0691134673 7085: 7064: 7052: 7045: 7027: 7021:978-0199265619 7020: 7000: 6963: 6957:978-1412829359 6956: 6936: 6927: 6918: 6909: 6903:978-0226877921 6902: 6882: 6853:10.1086/210435 6831: 6825:Glenda Sluga, 6818: 6805: 6775: 6764:(2): 147–166. 6748: 6742:978-1107007857 6741: 6721: 6691: 6659: 6647:Smith, Anthony 6639: 6600: 6579:DiMaggio, Paul 6570: 6537:10.1086/717103 6531:(2): 492–561. 6511: 6482:(2): 117–150. 6462: 6419: 6404: 6386: 6380:978-0745651286 6379: 6361: 6326: 6320: 6290: 6277:(1): 109–132. 6242: 6203:(2): 327–347. 6183: 6176: 6155: 6125: 6092: 6077: 6066:(4): 593–612. 6047: 6034: 6028:978-1317804338 6027: 5999: 5963:Smith, Anthony 5950: 5943: 5925: 5919:978-0801475009 5918: 5895: 5889:978-0198297420 5888: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5850: 5841:, an essay by 5834: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5718:Transhumanists 5673:Charles Taylor 5665:Michael Walzer 5627:Vladimir Lenin 5623:Rosa Luxemburg 5579:A. C. Grayling 5556: 5553: 5545:Harris Mylonas 5541: 5538: 5525:British Empire 5516:Main article: 5513: 5510: 5482:Main article: 5479: 5476: 5439:Main article: 5436: 5433: 5401:Main article: 5398: 5395: 5364: 5361: 5325:who promote a 5278:Troy Southgate 5160:William Godwin 5116:Troy Southgate 5112:National Front 5104:Main article: 5101: 5098: 4991:Main article: 4988: 4985: 4908: 4905: 4853:intersectional 4802:Main article: 4799: 4796: 4773: 4770: 4724: 4721: 4712:Main article: 4709: 4706: 4697:Stepan Bandera 4638:liberal values 4582:Main article: 4579: 4576: 4520:Mahatma Gandhi 4493:decolonization 4468: 4465: 4448: 4445: 4437:conglomeration 4415:Vladimir Lenin 4396: 4393: 4346:Walter Bagehot 4334:Charles Darwin 4312: 4309: 4293:Émile Durkheim 4242:Émile Durkheim 4217: 4214: 4201:state capacity 4196:Jeffrey Herbst 4188:state-building 4143: 4140: 4082:Jair Bolsonaro 4061:European Union 3976:party (led by 3958:Vladimir Putin 3912:National Front 3884:Main article: 3881: 3878: 3823:Ottoman Empire 3775: 3774: 3757: 3756: 3715: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3698: 3653: 3651: 3644: 3639: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3603: 3594:Main article: 3591: 3588: 3549:Ottoman Empire 3541: 3538: 3534:Nelson Mandela 3483:Kenneth Kaunda 3465: 3462: 3434:Ancient Greece 3347:Main article: 3344: 3341: 3316:Patricia Ebrey 3278:Main article: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3202:Labour Zionism 3198:Land of Israel 3177: 3174: 3133:, who opposed 3098: 3095: 2961: 2958: 2956:in the 1990s. 2954:broke up again 2867:. It achieved 2853:Ottoman Empire 2817: 2814: 2798:Ottoman Empire 2777: 2774: 2664:, when in the 2585: 2582: 2555:Italian Empire 2520:and firing up 2489:middle classes 2434: 2431: 2409:Baltic nations 2405:Eastern Europe 2278:Main article: 2275: 2272: 2243:Main article: 2239: 2238: 2218: 2216: 2205: 2202: 2150:Western Europe 2146: 2145: 2131: 2128:social estates 2122:in return for 2113: 2099:Russian Empire 2060:Main article: 2057: 2054: 2049:Dreyfus Affair 2017:levée en masse 2003:A painting by 1983:Main article: 1980: 1977: 1916:Main article: 1913: 1910: 1855:John Arbuthnot 1719: 1716: 1674: 1671: 1663: 1660: 1598: 1595: 1561: 1560: 1553:Ethnosymbolism 1550: 1535:constructivist 1528: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1387: 1380: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1290: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1237: 1231: 1228:Related topics 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1163:Foreign policy 1160: 1155: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1059:Policy studies 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1024: 1022: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 902: 896: 895: 894: 891: 890: 887: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 845: 842:Primary topics 841: 840: 839: 836: 835: 833: 832: 827: 822: 816: 813: 812: 806: 805: 794: 793: 791: 790: 783: 776: 768: 765: 764: 763: 762: 747: 746: 743: 742: 737: 732: 731: 730: 728:in Catholicism 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 576:Civil religion 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 547: 544: 543: 540: 539: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 522: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 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17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17380: 17371: 17370: 17366: 17361: 17360: 17356: 17351: 17350: 17346: 17341: 17340: 17336: 17331: 17330: 17326: 17321: 17320: 17316: 17311: 17310: 17306: 17301: 17300: 17296: 17291: 17290: 17286: 17281: 17280: 17276: 17271: 17270: 17269:Rights of Man 17266: 17261: 17260: 17256: 17251: 17250: 17246: 17241: 17240: 17236: 17231: 17230: 17226: 17221: 17220: 17216: 17211: 17210: 17206: 17201: 17200: 17196: 17191: 17190: 17186: 17181: 17180: 17179:De re publica 17176: 17171: 17170: 17166: 17161: 17160: 17156: 17155: 17153: 17149: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17009: 17006: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16959: 16956: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16803: 16799:20th and 21st 16797: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16758: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16731: 16728: 16726: 16723: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16669: 16666: 16665: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16579: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16567: 16564: 16562: 16559: 16557: 16554: 16552: 16549: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16538: 16536: 16532:18th and 19th 16530: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16514: 16511: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16418: 16416: 16410: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16388:Nizam al-Mulk 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16335: 16333: 16329: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16296: 16293: 16292: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16247: 16245: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16232: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16180: 16179: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16116: 16115: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16104: 16102: 16098: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16071:Republicanism 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15932: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15861: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15696: 15694: 15690: 15686: 15679: 15674: 15672: 15667: 15665: 15660: 15659: 15656: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15613:Progressivism 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15573:Individualism 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15515: 15512: 15511: 15510: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15500: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15479: 15476: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15463: 15462: 15461:Republicanism 15459: 15457: 15454: 15450: 15447: 15446: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15384: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15366: 15365:Social credit 15363: 15362: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15297: 15294: 15288: 15287:Revolutionary 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15219: 15216: 15215: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15207: 15203: 15196: 15191: 15189: 15184: 15182: 15177: 15176: 15173: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15149: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15030: 15028: 15024: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15005:Organizations 15003: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14976:Technological 14974: 14972: 14969: 14963: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14955: 14951: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14940:Ethnocacerism 14938: 14937: 14936: 14935:Revolutionary 14933: 14931: 14928: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14891: 14890: 14887: 14886: 14885: 14882: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14849: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14806: 14803: 14802: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14784: 14781: 14780: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14718: 14717: 14714: 14710: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14681: 14679: 14675: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14599: 14595: 14588: 14583: 14581: 14576: 14574: 14569: 14568: 14565: 14559: 14555: 14552: 14549: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14509: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14496:"Nationalism" 14493: 14491: 14490: 14485: 14481: 14478: 14475: 14472: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14461: 14442: 14438: 14434: 14430: 14426: 14414: 14410: 14404: 14400: 14399: 14394: 14393:Spira, Thomas 14390: 14386: 14380: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14366: 14362: 14356: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14342: 14338: 14332: 14328: 14327: 14322: 14318: 14314: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14298: 14294: 14290: 14284: 14279: 14278: 14272: 14268: 14264: 14258: 14254: 14253: 14248: 14244: 14240: 14234: 14230: 14226: 14222: 14210: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14184: 14172: 14168: 14164: 14163:"Nationalism" 14159: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14137: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14121: 14115: 14111: 14107: 14103: 14091: 14087: 14083: 14079: 14073: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14057: 14053: 14049: 14045: 14044:"Nationalism" 14040: 14038: 14034: 14031: 14027: 14023: 14021: 14017: 14014: 14010: 14006: 14003: 13999: 13995: 13989: 13985: 13980: 13977: 13973: 13970: 13966: 13962: 13956: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13941: 13937: 13934: 13930: 13926: 13920: 13916: 13911: 13907: 13901: 13897: 13893: 13889: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13872: 13868: 13863: 13860: 13856: 13855: 13844: 13838: 13833: 13832: 13826: 13822: 13820:(1): 109–132. 13819: 13815: 13811: 13807: 13804: 13800: 13797: 13785: 13781: 13777: 13773: 13771:9781108973298 13767: 13763: 13759: 13755: 13754: 13749: 13745: 13741: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13713: 13709: 13708: 13703: 13702:Miller, David 13699: 13695: 13689: 13685: 13684: 13678: 13674: 13668: 13664: 13663: 13658: 13654: 13651: 13650: 13645: 13633: 13629: 13628: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13609: 13604: 13603: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13584: 13580: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13559: 13555: 13551: 13545: 13541: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13526: 13520: 13516: 13515: 13510: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13486: 13482: 13481: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13439: 13435: 13431: 13425: 13421: 13414: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13396:0-381-98243-2 13392: 13388: 13381: 13365: 13361: 13360: 13353: 13334: 13330: 13329: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13277: 13270: 13265: 13256: 13248: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13228: 13221: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13190: 13188: 13171: 13167: 13163: 13159: 13153: 13146: 13145: 13139: 13131: 13125: 13121: 13114: 13106: 13100: 13096: 13089: 13081: 13075: 13071: 13064: 13056: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13023: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12993: 12987: 12983: 12980: 12976: 12970: 12963: 12959: 12958:Harold Perkin 12954: 12947: 12944:P. McDevitt, 12941: 12934: 12928: 12921: 12915: 12908: 12902: 12895: 12889: 12882: 12876: 12869: 12863: 12857:, p. 62. 12856: 12851: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12832: 12827: 12820: 12816: 12810: 12794: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12777: 12775: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12743: 12741: 12732: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12713: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12676: 12668: 12662: 12658: 12651: 12649: 12640: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12624: 12618: 12616: 12607: 12603: 12599: 12595: 12591: 12587: 12583: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12556: 12552: 12551: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12534: 12532: 12530: 12528: 12526: 12524: 12522: 12505: 12501: 12497: 12496: 12491: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12443: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12427: 12420: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12412: 12410: 12402: 12396: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12379: 12373: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12341: 12337: 12333: 12329: 12322: 12315: 12309: 12303: 12299: 12298:Carlton Hayes 12293: 12285: 12279: 12276:. Routledge. 12275: 12274: 12266: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12246: 12242: 12238: 12234: 12230: 12223: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12203: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12180: 12178: 12169: 12163: 12159: 12152: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12132: 12128: 12124: 12117: 12109: 12102: 12094: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12076: 12069: 12053: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12034: 12032: 12030: 12028: 12026: 12017: 12013: 12009: 12005: 11998: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11971: 11967: 11961: 11957: 11956: 11948: 11942:(1998) p. 58. 11941: 11935: 11929:(1998) p. 56. 11928: 11922: 11913: 11897: 11893: 11887: 11880: 11874: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11839: 11823: 11819: 11815: 11811: 11807: 11806: 11801: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11749: 11743:, p. 136 11742: 11737: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11716: 11707: 11701:, p. 34. 11700: 11699:Kymlicka 1995 11695: 11689: 11683: 11677: 11673: 11670: 11664: 11657: 11652: 11645: 11644:Kymlicka 1995 11640: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11620: 11612: 11606: 11602: 11595: 11593: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11570: 11566: 11559: 11551: 11549:9788170249825 11545: 11541: 11534: 11527: 11523: 11517: 11513: 11506: 11486: 11478: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11456: 11452: 11445: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11419: 11412: 11404: 11402:9781139519076 11398: 11394: 11387: 11379: 11377:9781107640757 11373: 11369: 11362: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11342: 11338: 11334: 11327: 11319: 11315: 11311: 11307: 11303: 11299: 11295: 11291: 11284: 11276: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11185: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11150: 11142: 11141: 11133: 11125: 11121: 11120: 11115: 11109: 11102: 11096: 11089: 11084: 11082: 11074: 11069: 11062: 11057: 11050: 11045: 11038: 11033: 11025: 11019: 11015: 11014: 11006: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10951: 10949: 10941: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10920: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10902: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10883: 10867: 10863: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10844: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10824: 10820: 10816: 10813:(2): 80–124. 10812: 10808: 10801: 10793: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10758: 10756: 10739: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10708: 10701: 10699: 10690: 10683: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10652: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10606: 10602: 10596: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10565: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10534: 10518: 10514: 10507: 10491: 10487: 10486: 10481: 10475: 10467: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10448: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10417: 10410: 10406: 10402: 10399: 10394: 10392: 10384: 10371: 10367: 10366: 10361: 10355: 10348: 10336: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10320: 10313: 10301: 10297: 10296: 10291: 10285: 10278: 10273: 10271:9781609456429 10267: 10263: 10262: 10254: 10247: 10243: 10241:9781135172787 10237: 10233: 10229: 10228: 10220: 10213: 10209: 10207:9781108724746 10203: 10199: 10195: 10194: 10186: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10156: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10095: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10056: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9996: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9948: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9910:The Economist 9906: 9900: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9869: 9853: 9849: 9842: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9806: 9799: 9798: 9793: 9789: 9786: 9780: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9731: 9729: 9720: 9716: 9709: 9701: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9683: 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9660: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9590: 9582: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9507: 9505: 9503: 9494: 9487: 9485: 9476: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9451: 9445: 9438: 9432: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9406: 9399: 9393: 9386: 9380: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9357: 9351: 9345:(1955) p. 87. 9344: 9338: 9331: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9278: 9270: 9263: 9255: 9249: 9245: 9244: 9236: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9216: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9193: 9185: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9166: 9159: 9153: 9146: 9140: 9133: 9127: 9120: 9114: 9106: 9100: 9096: 9095: 9087: 9079: 9073: 9069: 9068: 9060: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9021: 9013: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8998: 8990: 8982: 8978: 8974: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8952: 8933: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8871: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8847: 8840: 8835: 8833: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8769: 8765: 8761: 8757: 8750: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8683: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8652: 8650:9788418849107 8646: 8642: 8638: 8631: 8623: 8621:9788429744408 8617: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8594: 8587: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8553: 8551:9788490341339 8547: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8524: 8522:9788418434983 8518: 8514: 8510: 8503: 8495: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8463: 8460: 8454: 8446: 8444:9788416416707 8440: 8436: 8432: 8425: 8417: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8398: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8377: 8370: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8343: 8338: 8331: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8305: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8268: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8222: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8128: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8041: 8034: 8028: 8020: 8013: 8006: 8000: 7992: 7986: 7982: 7981: 7973: 7971: 7963: 7957: 7949: 7943: 7939: 7938: 7930: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7902: 7894: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7866: 7859: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7824: 7808: 7804: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7785: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7752: 7748: 7741: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7629: 7621: 7613: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7590: 7583: 7578: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7553: 7545: 7539: 7535: 7534: 7529: 7523: 7515: 7509: 7505: 7504: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7475: 7468: 7462: 7454: 7448: 7444: 7443: 7435: 7427: 7425:9781107031180 7421: 7417: 7416: 7408: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7371: 7365: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7331: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7304: 7296: 7290: 7286: 7285: 7284:World History 7277: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7252: 7243: 7229: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7111: 7104: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7069: 7062:, p. 43. 7061: 7056: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7004: 6985: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6940: 6931: 6922: 6913: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6886: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6822: 6815: 6809: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6784:"Nationalism" 6779: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6725: 6718: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6674: 6669: 6663: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6643: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6408: 6400: 6393: 6391: 6382: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6300:"Nationalism" 6294: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6247: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6187: 6179: 6177:9780191727191 6173: 6169: 6162: 6160: 6152: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6126:9781108973298 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6099: 6097: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6054: 6052: 6044: 6038: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6003: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5946: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5902: 5900: 5891: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5872: 5870: 5865: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5847:World War Two 5844: 5843:George Orwell 5840: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5784:National myth 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5669:Isaiah Berlin 5666: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5646: 5643: 5642:George Orwell 5638: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5580: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5526: 5519: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5448:Saudi Arabian 5442: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5384: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5354:authoritarian 5351: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5335:militant chic 5332: 5328: 5327:communitarian 5324: 5320: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5249:in their own 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5195:racial purity 5192: 5188: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5066:Mebyon Kernow 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4973:Slavic people 4970: 4965: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4952: 4948: 4947:Fascist Italy 4944: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4901:constructions 4897: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4826: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4720: 4715: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4540:Muslim League 4537: 4533: 4529: 4526:argued for a 4525: 4521: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4467:Anti-colonial 4464: 4461: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4419:Joseph Stalin 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4392: 4389: 4383: 4378: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4355:Leda Cosmides 4352: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105:America First 4102: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3771: 3768: 3753: 3750: 3742: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3716:This section 3714: 3710: 3705: 3704: 3695: 3692: 3684: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3654:This section 3652: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417:Fascist Italy 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3339: 3337: 3334:, autocracy, 3333: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3056:Simón Bolívar 3052: 3048: 3046: 3045:Roman Dmowski 3042: 3037: 3036:Piast Dynasty 3033: 3032:Piast Concept 3028: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2952:. That state 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2770: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2694:Josep Borrell 2689: 2685: 2683: 2682:José Pemartín 2679: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2570:Umberto Bossi 2567: 2562: 2560: 2559:economic boom 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2328:(1808–1884), 2327: 2321: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2246: 2235: 2226: 2222: 2219:This section 2217: 2214: 2210: 2209: 2204:Latin America 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:Sergey Uvarov 2088: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1957: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1831:public sphere 1828: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1806:(1775–1783). 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752:British Celts 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1603: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539:modernization 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Primordialism 1515: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1224: 1223: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1168:Civil society 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1146:Public policy 1144: 1143: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1077: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1000: 999: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 966:Parliamentary 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 951:Hybrid regime 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 903: 899: 893: 892: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 838: 837: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 815: 814: 811: 808: 807: 804: 800: 799: 789: 784: 782: 777: 775: 770: 769: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 750: 749: 748: 741: 738: 736: 733: 729: 726: 725: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 697: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 601:Ethnocentrism 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 548: 542: 541: 536: 531:Organizations 528: 527: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 504:Technological 502: 500: 497: 493: 492:Ethnocacerism 490: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 472: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 457: 456: 455:Revolutionary 453: 451: 448: 444: 441: 439: 436: 432: 429: 428: 427: 424: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 381: 378: 377: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 362: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 299: 296: 295: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 242: 239: 235: 232: 231: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 203: 198: 197: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 166: 160: 159: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 73: 69: 64: 63: 60: 57: 56: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 17520: 17419:Elite theory 17367: 17357: 17347: 17337: 17327: 17317: 17307: 17297: 17287: 17277: 17267: 17257: 17247: 17237: 17227: 17217: 17207: 17197: 17187: 17177: 17167: 17157: 16456:Guicciardini 16412:Early modern 16235:Philosophers 16185:Open society 16121:Body politic 16055: 15991:Distributism 15981:Conservatism 15976:Confucianism 15895:Gerontocracy 15885:Dictatorship 15839:Sovereignty‎ 15829:Ruling class 15719:Emancipation 15704:Citizenship‎ 15521:Collectivism 15455: 15360:Distributism 15345:Conservatism 15340:Confucianism 15260:Centre-right 15123:Nation state 15038:Anationalism 14778:Expansionist 14593: 14540:. Retrieved 14536:the original 14527: 14512:. Retrieved 14508:the original 14499: 14487: 14445:. Retrieved 14436: 14417:. Retrieved 14413:the original 14397: 14373: 14349: 14325: 14301: 14276: 14251: 14228: 14213:. Retrieved 14196: 14190: 14175:. Retrieved 14166: 14153: 14131: 14109: 14094:. Retrieved 14051: 14025: 14008: 14007:Kohn, Hans. 14001: 13983: 13975: 13968: 13950: 13939: 13932: 13917:. Palgrave. 13914: 13895: 13884: 13866: 13858: 13830: 13817: 13813: 13788:. Retrieved 13752: 13729: 13706: 13682: 13661: 13647: 13646:Kohn, Hans. 13636:. Retrieved 13626: 13601: 13587: 13568: 13557: 13538: 13513: 13489: 13459: 13419: 13413: 13386: 13380: 13368:. Retrieved 13358: 13352: 13340:. Retrieved 13326: 13310: 13298:. Retrieved 13276: 13268: 13264: 13255: 13230: 13226: 13220: 13174:. Retrieved 13152: 13142: 13138: 13119: 13113: 13094: 13088: 13069: 13063: 13036: 13032: 13022: 13010:. 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Retrieved 11763: 11759: 11748: 11736: 11719: 11713: 11706: 11694: 11687: 11682: 11663: 11651: 11639: 11624: 11619: 11600: 11564: 11558: 11539: 11533: 11525: 11511: 11505: 11493:. Retrieved 11477: 11450: 11444: 11417: 11411: 11392: 11386: 11367: 11361: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11293: 11289: 11283: 11264: 11258: 11225: 11221: 11215: 11203:. Retrieved 11195:marxists.org 11194: 11184: 11162:(1): 19–38. 11159: 11155: 11149: 11139: 11132: 11118: 11108: 11100: 11095: 11068: 11056: 11044: 11032: 11012: 11005: 10975:(1): 59–71. 10972: 10968: 10962: 10889: 10882: 10870:. Retrieved 10850: 10843: 10810: 10806: 10800: 10767: 10763: 10741:. Retrieved 10732:(3): 24–44. 10729: 10725: 10715: 10706: 10688: 10682: 10670:. Retrieved 10661: 10651: 10639:. Retrieved 10630: 10621: 10609:. Retrieved 10595: 10583:. Retrieved 10574: 10564: 10552:. Retrieved 10548:the original 10543: 10533: 10521:. Retrieved 10506: 10494:. Retrieved 10483: 10474: 10454: 10447: 10435:. Retrieved 10427:The Guardian 10426: 10416: 10408: 10381: 10374:. Retrieved 10363: 10354: 10346: 10339:. Retrieved 10330:The Guardian 10328: 10319: 10311: 10304:. Retrieved 10293: 10284: 10275: 10260: 10253: 10245: 10226: 10219: 10211: 10192: 10185: 10173:. Retrieved 10164: 10155: 10143:. Retrieved 10134: 10125: 10113:. Retrieved 10104: 10094: 10082:. Retrieved 10066:The Guardian 10065: 10055: 10043:. Retrieved 10034: 10025: 10013:. Retrieved 10009:the original 9995: 9983:. Retrieved 9972: 9963: 9951:. Retrieved 9940: 9931: 9919:. Retrieved 9908: 9899: 9887:. Retrieved 9878: 9868: 9856:. Retrieved 9841: 9816: 9812: 9805: 9795: 9779: 9767:. 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Retrieved 5980: 5966: 5934: 5928: 5908: 5878: 5836: 5725: 5716: 5681: 5677:David Miller 5653: 5648: 5639: 5608: 5604:Pan-Islamism 5584: 5577:Philosopher 5576: 5564: 5543: 5534: 5521: 5506: 5502: 5493: 5444: 5406: 5382: 5375: 5372: 5357:anti-statism 5338: 5316: 5297:anti-fascism 5286:totalitarian 5273: 5271: 5255:meritocratic 5235:nation state 5180: 5152:Richard Hunt 5145: 5139: 5136:Albion Awake 5135: 5109: 5090:Awami League 5068:, Ireland's 5050:Fidel Castro 5047: 5036: 5019: 5008: 4979:people into 4977:south Slavic 4966: 4955: 4951:Nazi Germany 4928:Risorgimento 4924: 4898: 4869: 4831: 4807: 4781: 4766: 4762: 4758:ethnocentric 4755: 4732: 4717: 4678:Ernest Renan 4667: 4658:Ernest Renan 4635: 4603: 4591:Ernest Renan 4587: 4564: 4560: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4490: 4456: 4422: 4400: 4398: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4359: 4331: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4302: 4291: 4283:Gesellschaft 4282: 4279:Gemeinschaft 4278: 4268: 4267:In his book 4266: 4258: 4223: 4219: 4210: 4185: 4145: 4129: 4117: 4104: 4100: 4097:Donald Trump 4090: 4086:Donald Trump 4064: 4050: 4042:Nippon Kaigi 4029: 3998: 3978:Viktor Orbán 3955: 3925:Since 2010, 3924: 3890:The rise of 3889: 3880:21st century 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3835: 3816: 3805: 3801: 3792: 3790: 3778: 3763: 3745: 3736: 3725:Please help 3720:verification 3717: 3687: 3678: 3655: 3631: 3624: 3618: 3617:Please help 3614: 3573: 3561:Saudi Arabia 3543: 3518:South Africa 3516: 3512: 3500: 3403: 3353:Nationalist 3352: 3321: 3305: 3300: 3283: 3269:20th century 3259:anti-Zionist 3249: 3227: 3194:Jewish state 3188: 3183:emancipation 3179: 3163: 3157:In 1869 the 3156: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3118: 3084: 3072:Josef Stalin 3061: 3029: 3025:Centre Party 2973: 2919: 2899:South Slavic 2868: 2861:Ottoman rule 2843: 2806:idealization 2779: 2754: 2723: 2712: 2710: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2687: 2675: 2671: 2655: 2608:through the 2587: 2563: 2540: 2531: 2496:dialects of 2485:Risorgimento 2484: 2473:Risorgimento 2472: 2466: 2390: 2378:Adolf Hitler 2371: 2358:Adolf Hitler 2348: 2341: 2337: 2322: 2314: 2299: 2248: 2232:January 2019 2229: 2225:adding to it 2220: 2182:Ottoman rule 2147: 2141: 2137: 2080: 2046: 2038: 2035: 2027: 2022: 2016: 2014: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1953: 1912:19th century 1905: 1888:Linda Colley 1881: 1875: 1863: 1824: 1780: 1726:or with the 1721: 1707:Erica Benner 1700: 1692: 1687: 1676: 1656: 1648:Glenda Sluga 1642: 1641: 1635: 1617: 1614:Hugo Grotius 1611: 1606: 1575:conservatism 1564: 1562: 1521:Romantic era 1499: 1427:nation-state 1425:to create a 1402: 1401: 1096:street-level 971:Presidential 931:Dictatorship 801:Part of the 723:Subsidiarity 551:Anationalism 310:Expansionist 174:Independence 58: 43: 17557:Nationalism 17293:(1835–1840) 17173:(c. 350 BC) 17163:(c. 375 BC) 16780:Tocqueville 16745:Saint-Simon 16710:Montesquieu 16561:Bolingbroke 16493:Machiavelli 16373:Ibn Khaldun 16338:Alpharabius 16331:Middle Ages 16156:Natural law 16131:Common good 16056:Nationalism 16016:Imperialism 15986:Corporatism 15961:Colonialism 15941:Agrarianism 15920:Technocracy 15900:Meritocracy 15880:Bureaucracy 15870:Aristocracy 15623:Regionalism 15568:Imperialism 15531:Culturalism 15526:Colonialism 15456:Nationalism 15377:Familialism 15355:Corporatism 15325:Communalism 15305:Agrarianism 15282:Reactionary 15250:Centre-left 15146: [ 15093:Irredentism 14981:Territorial 14601:Development 14594:Nationalism 14486:– entry at 14477:Nationalism 13622:James, Paul 13596:James, Paul 13460:Nationalism 13259:Motyl 1:298 13158:Cliff, Tony 13039:(1): 3–12. 13012:13 December 12510:12 November 12502:(4): 1–12. 12312:Ivo Banac, 12158:Orientalism 12058:17 November 12050:: 125–130. 11741:Miller 1995 11722:(1): 1–17. 11656:Miller 1995 11451:Orientalism 11418:Nationalism 11119:Nationalism 10872:20 February 10743:20 February 10523:14 November 9889:5 September 9341:Hans Kohn, 9049:23 November 8941:28 February 8896:Ethnicities 8777:10272/19498 8739:28 February 7813:22 November 7316:: 211–239. 7060:Benner 2013 6371:Nationalism 6235:22 November 5976:James, Paul 5828: [ 5572:anti-racism 5478:Territorial 5417:anti-racism 5413:immigration 5346:egalitarian 5343:anti-racist 5267:traditional 5263:sustainable 5231:communities 5228:homogeneous 5176:Leo Tolstoy 5172:Max Stirner 5078:Plaid Cymru 4969:Pan-Slavism 4934:, Germany, 4917:Irredentism 4877:ideological 4857:orientalism 4845:Colonialism 4814:masculinity 4670:rationalism 4612:or Spanish 4548:partitioned 4441:intercourse 4388:G. P. Gooch 4336:as well as 4261:Henry Maine 4230:Henry Maine 4205:Barry Posen 4153:Machiavelli 4124:Philippines 3910:, France's 3831:Orientalism 3584:Palestinian 3569:Arab League 3540:Middle East 3458:medievalism 3456:as well as 3414:Mussolini's 3371:Megali Idea 3355:irredentist 3324:imperialism 3291:Sun Yat-sen 3080:Belarusians 3021:Kulturkampf 2782:romanticism 2714:Reconquista 2362:Sudetenland 2134:Nationality 2124:paternalist 2041:("revenge") 1961:World War I 1932:philosopher 1900:Reformation 1896:H. G. Wells 1892:World War I 1847:Thomas Arne 1837:, anthems, 1825:Due to the 1732:Middle Ages 1643:Nationalism 1597:Terminology 1415:sovereignty 1403:Nationalism 1235:Sovereignty 1200:Legislature 1103:Technocracy 1091:Bureaucracy 956:Meritocracy 936:Directorial 694: [ 646:Irredentism 636:Imperialism 509:Territorial 475:Legionarism 163:Core values 59:Nationalism 17551:Categories 17501:Separatism 17309:On Liberty 17209:The Prince 16938:Huntington 16441:Campanella 16368:al-Ghazali 16317:Thucydides 16275:Lactantius 16220:Statolatry 16046:Monarchism 16026:Liberalism 15951:Capitalism 15934:Ideologies 15915:Plutocracy 15863:Government 15819:Revolution 15804:Propaganda 15754:Legitimacy 15729:Government 15638:Syncretism 15628:Separatism 15588:Militarism 15558:Federalism 15444:Monarchism 15424:Liberalism 15315:Capitalism 15265:Right-wing 15155:Revanchism 14812:Linguistic 14758:Ecological 14215:14 January 14134:. Polity. 13638:2 December 13449:References 13438:1107699751 13387:Up-wingers 13370:14 October 12975:Outre-mers 12931:Gwang Ok, 12819:0631152059 12561:2 December 12362:24 October 11938:Baycroft, 11633:0691078939 11460:0394428145 11427:0814731139 11114:G.P. Gooch 11088:Motyl 2001 11073:Motyl 2001 11061:Motyl 2001 11049:Motyl 2001 11037:Motyl 2001 10955:Motyl 2001 10940:Motyl 2001 10919:Motyl 2001 10496:23 October 10306:9 November 10015:25 October 9985:25 October 9974:EUobserver 9953:25 October 9921:25 October 9477:: 162–166. 8875:Núñez 2001 8851:Núñez 2001 8809:(2): 199. 8758:. Lleida: 8353:9 November 8320:4 November 8287:9 November 7582:Motyl 2001 7397:12 October 7095:j.ctt7t07k 6798:9 November 6711:19 January 6684:2 December 6668:Nairn, Tom 6342:(2): 154. 5853:Xenophobia 5820:Patriotism 5739:Chauvinism 5696:chauvinism 5688:militarism 5660:Lord Acton 5619:communists 5615:socialists 5613:and other 5588:the masses 5559:See also: 5377:immigrants 5367:See also: 5339:anarchists 5259:capitalist 5247:separately 5221:anti-state 5199:syncretize 5193:and white 5187:right-wing 4981:Yugoslavia 4865:sexualized 4818:femininity 4776:See also: 4764:anathema. 4727:See also: 4610:Legitimism 4599:plebiscite 4532:opposition 4481:Suez Canal 4451:See also: 4351:John Tooby 4287:alienation 4277:defined a 4063:(known as 4030:In Japan, 3999:In India, 3739:March 2023 3681:March 2023 3665:improve it 3620:improve it 3454:classicism 3446:folk music 3391:Cappadocia 3336:patriarchy 3332:warlordism 3295:Kuomintang 3076:Ukrainians 2938:Yugoslavia 2879:Old Serbia 2786:classicism 2750:Hispanidad 2588:After the 2498:Neapolitan 2426:Aryan race 2403:, much of 2397:Lebensraum 2386:Aryan race 2382:Nazi Party 2296:, May 1848 2166:Bulgarians 2158:Slavophile 2095:Nicholas I 2039:Revanchism 1995:Revanchism 1936:journalist 1843:Union Jack 1760:Roman rule 1736:Tom Garvin 1566:patriotism 1483:solidarity 1475:traditions 1467:government 1325:Governance 1315:Government 1310:Federalism 911:City-state 740:Xenophobia 708:Revanchism 661:Militarism 320:Indigenism 315:Homosexual 283:Ecological 189:Solidarity 179:Patriotism 169:Allegiance 32:Patriotism 17219:Leviathan 17199:Monarchia 17193:(c. 1274) 17028:Oakeshott 16973:Mansfield 16968:Luxemburg 16953:Kropotkin 16848:Bernstein 16801:centuries 16715:Nietzsche 16658:Jefferson 16586:Condorcet 16534:centuries 16513:Pufendorf 16378:Marsilius 16265:Confucius 16250:Aristotle 16243:Antiquity 16171:Noble lie 16091:Third Way 16086:Socialism 16011:Feudalism 15966:Communism 15946:Anarchism 15925:Theocracy 15910:Oligarchy 15890:Democracy 15875:Autocracy 15789:Pluralism 15774:Obedience 15739:Hierarchy 15699:Authority 15618:Reformism 15603:Pluralism 15563:Globalism 15553:Extremism 15488:Third Way 15483:Socialism 15466:Classical 15439:Masculism 15330:Communism 15310:Anarchism 15270:Far-right 15245:Left-wing 14986:Terrorism 14950:Falangism 14889:Christian 14884:Religious 14805:Communist 14800:Left-wing 14748:Corporate 14738:Communist 14699:Bourgeois 14689:Anarchist 14323:(2010) . 14205:1522-1113 14086:750831024 13938:Gerrits, 13780:259646325 13206:orwell.ru 13055:245894934 12606:143709925 12450:144248307 12352:144474775 12214:142868365 11780:145715867 11353:0891-3811 11318:145053698 11310:1356-9317 11250:144187204 11242:0002-9602 10997:151531605 10835:154935234 10792:153804691 10383:movement. 10232:Routledge 10135:U.S. News 10074:0261-3077 9833:145077294 9616:249691639 9581:151283265 9316:154121434 9308:1527-2028 9227:153577101 8981:143787176 8928:144193279 8920:1468-7968 8823:145675694 8786:1888-3931 8729:0213-2087 8723:: 14–15. 8253:: 84–88. 7656:"Etusivu" 7183:144176353 7167:0003-0554 6877:144002511 6861:0002-9602 6622:0015-7120 6553:246017190 6545:0002-9602 6498:1531-4804 6457:153875363 6449:0010-4140 6356:154796642 6225:149288553 6217:1354-5078 6135:259646325 5712:tribalism 5621:(such as 5555:Criticism 5435:Religious 5387:"ativists 5331:racialist 5319:left-wing 5309:universal 5301:hierarchy 5217:anarchist 5202:neotribal 5128:far-right 5114:activist 5070:Sinn Féin 5060:in 1959, 4987:Left-wing 4983:in 1918. 4861:feminized 4810:gendering 4735:ethnicity 4646:tolerance 4512:Gellner's 4501:New World 4460:Hans Kohn 4407:Karl Marx 4304:Max Weber 4246:Max Weber 4216:Sociology 4173:Max Weber 4118:In 2016, 4036:far right 4025:Sri Lanka 3892:globalism 3812:Yugoslavs 3785:communism 3669:verifying 3626:talk page 3526:apartheid 3522:Afrikaner 3497:) in 1960 3328:feudalism 3263:Holocaust 3206:socialist 3120:Bulgarian 3070:dictator 2651:Galicians 2627:Catalonia 2578:Lega Nord 2256:New Spain 2170:Romanians 2138:Narodnost 2116:Autocracy 2106:Orthodoxy 1944:Fennomans 1878:Hans Kohn 1859:John Bull 1652:globalism 1587:socialism 1451:ethnicity 1439:political 1305:Unitarism 1293:Elections 1281:Subseries 1210:Judiciary 1205:Executive 1108:Adhocracy 991:Theocracy 946:Feudalism 926:Democracy 621:Globalism 606:Francoism 409:Christian 404:Religious 330:Left-wing 273:Corporate 263:Communist 224:Bourgeois 214:Anarchist 17474:Centrism 17169:Politics 17159:Republic 17128:Voegelin 17108:Spengler 17093:Shariati 17068:Rothbard 17023:Nussbaum 16923:Habermas 16898:Fukuyama 16888:Foucault 16813:Ambedkar 16790:Voltaire 16760:de Staël 16735:Rousseau 16616:Franklin 16591:Constant 16551:Beccaria 16383:Muhammad 16363:Gelasius 16348:Averroes 16322:Xenophon 16302:Polybius 16255:Chanakya 16100:Concepts 16066:Populism 16036:Localism 16021:Islamism 16006:Feminism 15905:Monarchy 15809:Property 15799:Progress 15764:Monopoly 15734:Hegemony 15608:Populism 15598:Pacifism 15593:Nihilism 15583:Localism 15502:See also 15449:Royalism 15419:Islamism 15414:Hindutva 15399:Feminism 15255:Centrism 15240:Far-left 15230:Moderate 15225:Hardline 15098:Jingoism 14971:Romantic 14930:Resource 14921:Hindutva 14899:Clerico- 14894:Catholic 14837:Populist 14795:Integral 14773:European 14763:Economic 14721:American 14704:Business 14668:Treasure 14643:Language 14638:Identity 14554:Archived 14542:14 April 14480:Archived 14467:Archived 14441:Archived 14371:(2013). 14347:(2009). 14299:(2000). 14273:(1995). 14249:(1981). 14227:(2010). 14209:Archived 14171:Archived 14152:(2019). 14130:(2013). 14108:(2006). 14096:30 March 14090:Archived 14033:Archived 14028:(2011). 14016:Archived 13949:(1992). 13894:(1996). 13827:(1990). 13806:Archived 13784:Archived 13704:(1995). 13659:(1995). 13632:Archived 13624:(2006). 13598:(1996). 13567:(1992). 13511:(1995). 13487:(1983). 13364:Archived 13333:Archived 13294:Archived 13284:(1915). 13209:Archived 13198:Archived 13176:2 August 13170:Archived 13160:(1959). 13006:Archived 12982:Archived 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7751:Archived 7724:Archived 7694:Archived 7664:Archived 7634:Archived 7530:(1998). 7391:Archived 6984:Archived 6792:Archived 6705:Archived 6678:Archived 6626:Archived 6586:Archived 6557:Archived 6506:57561272 6229:Archived 6139:Archived 5986:Archived 5978:(1996). 5815:Nativism 5754:Jingoism 5732:See also 5692:jingoism 5684:pacifist 5611:Marxists 5600:Islamist 5540:Pandemic 5466:and the 5464:American 5456:Egyptian 5411:and the 5391:Patriots 5383:nativism 5363:Nativist 5312:equality 5293:oxymoron 5124:far-left 5062:Cornwall 5041:and his 4890:gendered 4772:Economic 4650:equality 4536:Congress 4273:(1887), 4165:Rousseau 4113:Ted Cruz 4021:Thailand 3986:Slovakia 3982:Bulgaria 3968:(led by 3914:and the 3896:populism 3503:Ethiopia 3436:and the 3097:Bulgaria 3054:General 3016:religion 2870:de facto 2859:against 2728:and the 2631:Valencia 2598:Philip V 2574:Padanism 2502:Sicilian 2421:eugenics 2407:and the 2302:Napoleon 2251:colonies 1926:Senator 1866:American 1796:Voltaire 1792:Rousseau 1758:against 1746:and the 1626:between 1471:religion 1465:(or the 1463:politics 1459:language 1423:homeland 1333:Ideology 1151:doctrine 1112:Service 976:Republic 961:Monarchy 941:Federacy 830:Category 810:Politics 735:Trumpism 676:Nativism 656:Localism 651:Jingoism 499:Romantic 450:Resource 431:Hindutva 419:Clerical 414:Catholic 375:Japanese 334:populism 325:Integral 305:European 288:Economic 246:American 229:Business 151:Treasure 126:Language 121:Identity 51:a series 49:Part of 17511:Statism 17424:Elitism 17382:Related 17183:(51 BC) 17113:Strauss 17088:Scruton 17083:Schmitt 17073:Russell 16993:Michels 16988:Maurras 16983:Marcuse 16943:Kautsky 16913:Gramsci 16908:Gentile 16878:Dworkin 16868:Du Bois 16863:Dmowski 16858:Chomsky 16853:Burnham 16838:Benoist 16808:Agamben 16775:Thoreau 16765:Stirner 16755:Spencer 16700:Mazzini 16690:Maistre 16685:Madison 16680:Le Play 16611:Fourier 16576:Carlyle 16556:Bentham 16546:Bastiat 16541:Bakunin 16518:Spinoza 16508:Müntzer 16478:Leibniz 16451:Grotius 16431:Bossuet 16398:Plethon 16343:Aquinas 16312:Sun Tzu 16280:Mencius 16270:Han Fei 16041:Marxism 16001:Fascism 15834:Society 15759:Liberty 15744:Justice 15724:Freedom 15633:Statism 15493:Zionism 15434:Marxism 15382:Fascism 15277:Radical 14957:Fascism 14911:Islamic 14877:Zionism 14709:Welfare 14684:African 14677:By type 14613:Colours 14419:28 July 14050:(ed.). 14030:excerpt 14004:(2016). 13942:(2015). 13247:3654261 12948:(2008). 12935:(2007). 12922:(2001). 12909:(2015). 12896:(2016). 12883:(2015). 12870:(1993). 12799:14 June 12763:14 June 12702:27 July 12257:2332633 12143:4129220 11865:3176007 11469:4004102 10989:4236409 10827:2539098 10784:2538753 10631:Haaretz 10585:30 July 10554:30 July 10437:17 June 10115:27 July 10084:27 July 10035:Reuters 9858:30 July 9797:Haaretz 9691:4894286 9400:(2005). 9387:(1977). 9269:Zionism 9160:(2005). 8762:: 133. 8682:Twitter 8279:. n.d. 8200:(1914) 8117:16 June 7893:3270766 7885:1875877 7757:29 June 7730:29 June 7700:19 June 7670:29 June 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