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with ashes and lava. The news comes from
Sunrise, but nothing definite has been ascertained as to whether any damage was done, for no boats have as yet been in the neighborhood of the volcano." There were many other news reports on the eruption, one describing the eruption as "a terrific earthquake which burst the mountain asunder leaving a large gap," which could possibly suggest the crack formation in the volcano's crater, however, it is unlikely. Supposedly, the volcano was ejecting "flames" from its crater, and the eruption terrified natives in the area. Newspapers seemed to suggest that the ash had traveled for more than 150 miles (240 km), reaching the opposite side of the
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whole range and at different times falls or rises, expands or contracts itself and has a resemblance to Clouds of white smoke. But this besides being too small for one of those clouds, remained as it were fixed in the same spot for the whole time the
Mountain was clear which was above 48 hours." However, several sources call this a "discredited eruption". There are several other of these activities that are not called eruptions.
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There was apparently an eruption described as "to the eastward, Redoubt
Volcano, 11,060 feet (3,370 m) high, is constantly smoking, with periods of exaggerated activity. Fire has been seen issuing from its summit far out at sea. A great eruption took place in 1881, when a party of native hunters
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in the glacier on the side of the mountain was spotted. Scientists began to monitor seismic data from the mountain twenty-four hours a day in an effort to warn people in nearby communities. A fly over conducted by the AVO detected "significant steaming from a new melt depression at the mouth of the
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The volcano erupted rather abruptly in 1902, spewing out ash from
January 18 to June 21 in the year. A local newspaper stated, "Word has just been received that Redoubt, one of the volcanoes at Cook's Inlet had an eruption on January 18, and the country for 150 miles (240 km) around was covered
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Captain James Cook saw Mt. Redoubt during the summer of 1778, describing it as "emitting a white smoke but no fire which made some think it was no more than a white thick cloud such as we have frequently seen on the Coast, for the most part appearing on the sides of hills and often extends along a
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Since lahars were produced repeatedly, scientists realized that they could use these to analyze a trial period for a newly developed device proposed to measure the movement of rocks against each other. This device, now known as an
Acoustic Flow Monitor, alerts nearby stations to possible lahars.
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The volcano is about 3.7 miles (6.0 km) in diameter at its base with a rough volume of 7.2 to 8.4 cu mi (30–35 km). The sides of the upper cone are relatively steep (in comparison to volcanoes in general). Made up of pyroclastic flow deposits and
767:. An AVO observation flight reported that a steam and ash plume rose as high as 15,000 feet (4,600 m) above sea level and produced minor ash fall on the upper south flank of Redoubt. Later reports were that the plume was then mainly steam.
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In 1819, smoke was observed at the mountain. However, this is often not recorded as an eruption as the information was insufficient to identify it as such. Similarly, in 2003, a blowing cloud of snow was mistaken by an employee of the
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Active for millennia, Mount
Redoubt has erupted four times since it was first observed: in 1902, 1966, 1989 and 2009, with two questionable eruptions in 1881 and 1933. The eruption in 1989 spewed
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Mount
Redoubt erupted explosively late in the evening of March 22, 2009. AVO recorded numerous volcanic eruptions and/or explosions at Redoubt volcano during this period of activity.
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On
January 24, 2009, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake hit the region at a depth of 98 kilometers. The relation to the eruption is unknown, but was the strongest in the vicinity since 2001.
743:(AVO) warned that an eruption was imminent, sending experienced Alaskans shopping for protection against a dusty shower of volcanic ash that could descend on south-central Alaska.
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over its surrounding terrain. It is the highest summit in the
Aleutian Range. In 1976, Redoubt Volcano was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
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448:. The ash blanketed an area of about 7,700 sq mi (20,000 km). The 1989 eruption is also notable for being the first ever volcanic eruption to be successfully
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488:", "a fortified place". A local name, "Ujakushatsch", also means "fortified place", but it is difficult to determine if one name is derived from the other. The
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refers to the mountain simply as "Redoubt", and lists these alternate names: Burnt
Mountain, Goreloi, Mirando, Ujakushatsch, Viesokaia, and Yjakushatsch. The
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flew into a cloud of volcanic ash. Damage from the eruption was estimated at $ 160 million, the second costliest volcanic eruption in United States history.
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1718:(intermittently available). View of north flank of Redoubt from AVO's Redoubt Hut, approximately 7.5 mi (12.1 km) from Redoubt's summit crater.
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half-way up its slopes were overwhelmed by a lava-flow and only two escaped." However, this eruption is not well documented by other sources.
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The volcano erupted on December 14, 1989, and continued to erupt for over six months. Sudden melting of snow and ice at the summit caused by
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aircraft, in its plume. After the plane descended 13,000 feet, the pilots restarted the engines and landed the plane safely at
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also uses simply "Redoubt"; it lists the same alternate names in addition to: Goryalaya, Redoute Mtn., and Redutskaya, Sopka.
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1724:, Chevron via Alaska Volcano Observatory. View of northeast face from Oil Platform Anna in Gompertz Channel of Cook Inlet at
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Peter V. Hobbs; Lawrence F. Radke; Jamie H. Lyons; Roland J. Ferek; Derek J. Coffman; Thomas J. Casadevall (October 1991).
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425:. At 10,197 feet (3,108 m), in just over 5 miles (8.0 km) Mount Redoubt attains 9,150 feet (2,790 m) of
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On the basis of this change in activity, AVO increased the level of concern and alert level to ORANGE/WATCH.
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1643:"Airborne measurements of particle and gas emissions from the 1990 volcanic eruptions of Mount Redoubt"
1468:"1989–90 Eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, and the First Test Case of a USGS Lahar-Detection System"
1443:"Redoubt rumblings: Seismic data gathered at Alaska volcano help scientists hone prediction techniques"
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is on the north side of the crater by the head of the Drift glacier. Also present on the mountain are
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620:(to a height of about 5.6 mi (9 km)) from Redoubt Volcano as viewed to the west from the
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1621:"Alaska Volcano Observatory Current Status Report Saturday, January 31, 2009 11:54 AM AKST"
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by the method of long-period seismic events developed by Swiss/American volcanologist
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Satellite imagery of the 23, 24, and 26 March 2009 eruptions (CIMSS Satellite Blog)
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Time lapse video and photos of the March 27, 2009, eruption, taken from Ninilchik
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1104:"Long-period volcano seismicity: its sources and use in eruption forecasting"
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1356:"Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network; volume 15 number 4 (April 1990)"
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The official name of the mountain is Redoubt Volcano, a translation of the
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deposits that extend as far as the Cook Inlet. This mountain has produced
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by movement of several glaciers that reside on it. The current main
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A plume of vapor from Mt Redoubt as seen from space on 5 May 2009.
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This article is about the Alaskan volcano. For other uses, see
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BBC page with footage and links to other pages on the volcano
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Seismic activity at Redoubt increased beginning about 13:01
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Daily Time-lapse animation of the Mount Redoubt Hut Web Cam
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1522:"Alaska Natural Productions:Mount Redoubt Information Page"
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summit crater near the vent area of the 1989-90 eruption."
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The material ejected from the volcano mainly consisted of
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thrown from the volcano in 2009 is seen on display at the
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Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Map, Facts and Eruption Pictures
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observed on the side of Mount Redoubt on January 31, 2009
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to a height of 45,000 ft (13,700 m). It caught
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1693:(to follow 2009 volcanic activity by geologists reports)
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Fumarole on March 21, 2009, the day before the eruption
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Large-format photo essay of the Mount Redoubt eruption
1784:(near-real time seismic record from station near peak)
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Catalog of the Historically Active Volcanoes of Alaska
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Steaming at the active summit lava dome on May 8, 2009
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1570:"Scientist see boles in glacier at Alaska volcano"
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794:much, and little of the concentration contained
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492:decided on the name "Redoubt Volcano" in 1891.
309:1959 by C Deehr, J Gardey, F Kennell, G Wescott
1860:Highest points of United States national parks
1623:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. January 31, 2009
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1835:Mountains of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
1830:Volcanoes of Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
1524:. Alaska Natural Productions. Archived from
1497:"Redoubt Ash Cloud Forces Dutch 747 to Land"
1415:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. Archived from
1413:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1902"
1390:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. Archived from
1388:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1881"
1333:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. Archived from
1331:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1933"
1302:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 2003"
1273:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1819"
1244:"Event Specific Information: Redoubt — 1778"
1153:"Feature Detail Report for: Redoubt Volcano"
1080:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. Archived from
1007:. Alaska Volcano Observatory. Archived from
992:
899:List of mountain peaks of the United States
421:about 110 miles (180 km) southwest of
1814:from "The Big Picture" blog on Boston.com.
1499:. Deseret News. 1989-12-16. Archived from
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739:On January 30, 2009, scientists from the
1596:"Alaska volcano has geologists on alert"
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894:List of mountain peaks of North America
575:andesite dominant in recent eruptions.
209:Lake Clark National Park and Preserve,
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1697:Live updates from the AVO Twitter page
1440:Jennifer Nagorka (December 24, 1990).
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918:List of volcanoes in the United States
715:to have all four engines fail after a
1865:Lake Clark National Park and Preserve
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750:increased to several per hour, and a
540:rocks of the Aleutian Mountain Range
407:Lake Clark National Park and Preserve
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1885:National Natural Landmarks in Alaska
1840:Stratovolcanoes of the United States
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808:2009 Mount Redoubt eruptive activity
1602:. Associated Press. 29 January 2009
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913:List of Ultras of the United States
484:", referring to, as does the word "
24:
1572:. Associated Press. Archived from
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27:Volcanic cone in the United States
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1775:Mount Redoubt Seismic Webicorders
544:, the mountain has been somewhat
904:List of mountain peaks of Alaska
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1647:Journal of Geophysical Research
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1547:"Volcano Could Blow Any Minute"
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1102:Chouet, Bernard (1996-03-28).
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1078:"Redoubt - Historic eruptions"
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332:U.S. National Natural Landmark
32:Mount Redoubt (disambiguation)
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1880:North American 3000 m summits
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605:Building in Anchorage for an
401:. Located at the head of the
67:10,197 ft (3,108 m)
1875:20th-century volcanic events
1678:External links and resources
1549:. SKY News. January 30, 2009
1474:. 2008-10-11. Archived from
1206:Miller; et al. (1998).
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360:Locations of volcanoes near
77:9,150 ft (2,790 m)
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1895:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
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802:Large scale eruptions begin
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1684:Alaska Volcano Observatory
1306:Alaska Volcano Observatory
1248:Alaska Volcano Observatory
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741:Alaska Volcano Observatory
696:and dome collapses caused
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505:Alaska Volcano Observatory
458:Alaska Volcano Observatory
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1214:. Open-File Report 98-582
711:The eruption also caused
490:Board on Geographic Names
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1900:Holocene stratovolcanoes
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975:Global Volcanism Program
721:KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
497:Global Volcanism Program
389:in the largely volcanic
1366:Smithsonian Institution
980:Smithsonian Institution
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419:Kenai Peninsula Borough
211:Kenai Peninsula Borough
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91:North America prominent
1744:60.97667°N 151.31500°W
1705:Redoubt Volcano Webcam
1178:"Redoubt—Introduction"
719:jumbo jet operated by
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380:Bentuggezh K’enulgheli
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124:60.48528°N 152.74306°W
18:Mount Redoubt (Alaska)
1800:June 4, 2009, at the
1446:. Dallas Morning News
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460:has rated Redoubt as
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1749:60.97667; -151.31500
1653:(D10): 18735–18752.
1005:"Redoubt - Activity"
844:United States portal
830:North America portal
748:volcanic earthquakes
462:Aviation Alert Level
129:60.48528; -152.74306
1855:Mountains of Alaska
1850:Volcanoes of Alaska
1739: /
1659:1991JGR....9618735H
1576:on February 4, 2009
1120:1996Natur.380..309C
466:Volcano Alert Level
120: /
1780:2009-02-02 at the
1710:2009-04-01 at the
1689:2010-04-20 at the
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587:North face in 1980
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293:March to July 2009
196:Location in Alaska
57:Highest point
1755:Oil Platform Anna
1722:Redoubt-CI webcam
1667:10.1029/91JD01635
1159:. January 1, 2000
1114:(6572): 309–316.
1030:"Aleutian Ranges"
943:"Redoubt Volcano"
798:, less than 20%.
694:pyroclastic flows
536:, and resting on
403:Chigmit Mountains
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233:Chigmit Mountains
16:(Redirected from
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603:ConocoPhillips
593:
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527:in March 2011.
512:
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454:Bernard Chouet
438:KLM Flight 867
391:Aleutian Range
352:
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1568:Joling, Dan.
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592:Early reports
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316:Easiest route
312:
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288:Last eruption
285:
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264:Stratovolcano
262:
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259:Mountain type
256:
253:890,000 years
252:
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219:United States
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40:Mount Redoubt
38:
33:
19:
1817:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1625:. Retrieved
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:the original
1448:. Retrieved
1421:. Retrieved
1417:the original
1407:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
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1335:the original
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:the original
1296:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:the original
1238:
1227:
1216:. Retrieved
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1111:
1107:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1072:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:
1048:
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
983:. Retrieved
973:
950:. Retrieved
946:
811:
777:
769:
762:
745:
738:
735:
732:Pre-eruption
710:
706:
691:
678:
669:
660:geologic map
599:
595:
538:Mesozoic era
530:
494:
481:
475:
434:volcanic ash
431:
405:subrange in
379:
371:
367:
366:
305:First ascent
281:Aleutian Arc
227:Parent range
1747: /
1734:151°18′54″W
1553:January 30,
1058:www.nps.gov
947:Bivouac.com
780:water vapor
713:an airliner
519:A chunk of
249:Age of rock
145:Native name
127: /
115:152°44′35″W
102:Coordinates
1824:Categories
1753: (
1731:60°58′36″N
1627:2009-02-01
1606:2020-08-23
1600:ctvnews.ca
1580:1 February
1532:2008-11-30
1507:2008-11-30
1482:2008-11-30
1450:2009-01-07
1423:2008-12-01
1398:2008-12-01
1372:14 January
1341:2008-12-05
1316:2008-12-01
1287:2008-12-01
1258:2008-12-01
1218:2020-08-23
1210:(Report).
1192:2009-03-27
1163:2009-03-27
1088:2008-12-01
1063:2019-03-20
1039:2012-11-21
1015:2009-10-02
985:2009-01-07
952:2009-01-07
924:References
752:large hole
702:Cook Inlet
682:Cook Inlet
534:lava flows
464:Green and
442:Boeing 747
427:prominence
415:Cook Inlet
395:U.S. state
362:Cook Inlet
339:Designated
112:60°29′07″N
73:Prominence
1701:Webcams:
970:"Redoubt"
774:Emissions
688:1989–1990
632:Fumaroles
607:ash plume
579:Eruptions
546:weathered
542:batholith
450:predicted
446:Anchorage
423:Anchorage
417:, in the
382:), is an
270:Volcanic
165:Geography
63:Elevation
1798:Archived
1778:Archived
1708:Archived
1687:Archived
816:See also
796:sulfates
792:oxidized
759:March 15
561:andesite
554:Holocene
521:andesite
468:Normal.
411:mountain
376:Dena'ina
299:Climbing
206:Location
1655:Bibcode
1136:4341826
1116:Bibcode
573:silicic
511:Geology
499:of the
486:redoubt
478:Russian
393:of the
378::
243:Geology
157:Tanaina
83:Listing
1368:. 1990
1134:
1108:Nature
698:lahars
569:dacite
565:basalt
480:name "
409:, the
399:Alaska
384:active
215:Alaska
153:
140:Naming
1132:S2CID
557:lahar
370:, or
1716:USGS
1582:2009
1555:2009
1472:USGS
1374:2018
1277:USGS
1212:USGS
1182:USGS
1157:USGS
786:and
727:2009
675:1902
666:1881
567:and
550:vent
495:The
472:Name
440:, a
342:1976
276:belt
93:22nd
1663:doi
1124:doi
1112:380
765:ATZ
397:of
272:arc
1826::
1714:,
1661:.
1651:96
1649:.
1645:.
1598:.
1470:.
1459:^
1432:^
1364:.
1358:.
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1130:.
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994:^
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1126::
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988:.
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374:(
274:/
159:)
155:(
34:.
20:)
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