27:
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Rivers are traditionally believed to be the principal cause of mountain range erosion, by cutting into bedrock and transporting sediment. Computer simulation has shown that as mountain belts change from tectonically active to inactive, the rate of erosion drops because there are fewer abrasive
377:
to the east. This mass of rock was removed as the range was actively undergoing uplift. The removal of such a mass from the core of the range most likely caused further uplift as the region adjusted
422:, are often isolated and formed mainly by processes such as impacts, though there are examples of mountain ranges (or "Montes") somewhat similar to those on Earth.
975:
862:
Egholm, David L.; Knudsen, Mads F.; Sandiford, Mike (2013). "Lifespan of mountain ranges scaled by feedbacks between landslide and erosion by rivers".
844:
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330:
will affect the leeward side of a range. As a consequence, large mountain ranges, such as the Andes, compartmentalize continents into distinct
318:
The position of mountain ranges influences climate, such as rain or snow. When air masses move up and over mountains, the air cools, producing
394:
1007:
Keep, Myra; Hansen, Vicki L. (1994). "Structural history of
Maxwell Montes, Venus: Implications for Venusian mountain belt formation".
69:
is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an
73:. Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of
434:, in particular, exhibit large mountain ranges in chains composed mainly of ices rather than rock. Examples include the
1182:
697:
533:
354:. Erosion is at work while the mountains are being uplifted until the mountains are reduced to low hills and plains.
196:. The Andes is 7,000 kilometres (4,350 mi) long and is often considered the world's longest mountain system.
314:, the longest mountain range on the surface of the Earth, have a dramatic impact on the climate of South America
26:
1175:
298:
forms the longest continuous mountain system on Earth, with a length of 65,000 kilometres (40,400 mi).
985:
1308:
365:
of
Colorado provides an example. As the uplift was occurring some 10,000 feet (3,000 m) of mostly
848:
350:
adjacent to an eroding mountain range are then filled with sediments that are buried and turned into
322:
precipitation (rain or snow). As the air descends on the leeward side, it warms again (following the
165:
373:
were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the
1805:
152:
Most geologically young mountain ranges on the Earth's land surface are associated with either the
528:
263:
450:
on Pluto. Some terrestrial planets other than Earth also exhibit rocky mountain ranges, such as
538:
294:. If the definition of a mountain range is stretched to include underwater mountains, then the
271:
145:
780:
1211:
743:"Mountain Weather and Climate: A General Overview and a Focus on Climatic Change in the Alps"
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101:
100:. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same
82:
31:
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Mitri, Giuseppe; Bland, Michael T.; Showman, Adam P.; Radebaugh, Jani; Stiles, Bryan;
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326:) and is drier, having been stripped of much of its moisture. Often, a
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77:. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the
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243:. The Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, including
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845:"A Guide to the Geology of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado"
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613:"Plate Tectonics (II): Mountain Building and Continental Geology"
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has mountain ranges formed from tectonic processes including the
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Geographic area containing several geologically related mountains
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1060:"Cerberus Fossae, Elysium, Mars: a source for lava and water"
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728:"The mid-ocean ridge is the longest mountain range on Earth"
1758:
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730:. US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Service. 11 Jan 2013.
463:
419:
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108:. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and
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Mountain ranges outside these two systems include the
917:; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Pappalardo, Robert T. (2010).
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199:
The Alpide belt stretches 15,000 km across southern
61:arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A
681:
714:"Nepal and China agree on Mount Everest's height"
566:– an elongated mountain or hill, or chain of them
1792:
967:
805:Hilton, Robert G.; West, A. Joshua (June 2020).
919:"Mountains on Titan: Modeling and observations"
247:, which is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft) high.
1197:
1000:
976:"New Horizons Discovers Flowing Ices on Pluto"
906:
1183:
395:List of tallest mountains in the Solar System
385:particles in the water and fewer landslides.
342:Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to
148:, the world's longest mountain range (chain)
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684:Furnace of Creation, Cradle of Destruction
346:forces which work to tear them down. The
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942:
807:"Mountains, erosion and the carbon cycle"
688:. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p.
649:
88:Mountain ranges are usually segmented by
740:
669:. Pearson Education India. p. A-36.
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160:. The Pacific Ring of Fire includes the
139:
25:
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679:
610:
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1104:
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811:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
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164:of South America, extends through the
1171:
667:The Pearson General Knowledge Manual
650:Rosenberg, Matt (22 December 2018).
128:landforms resulting in a variety of
418:of the Solar System, including the
381:in response to the removed weight.
13:
14:
1817:
1151:
534:Category:Lists of mountain ranges
81:and are likely a feature of most
974:Gipson, Lillian (24 July 2015).
611:Hammond, Allen L. (1971-07-09).
592:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy
502:
488:
1111:Journal of Geophysical Research
1009:Journal of Geophysical Research
923:Journal of Geophysical Research
855:
837:
798:
741:Beniston, Martin (2006-06-01).
586:"Definition of mountain system"
414:Mountains on other planets and
135:
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706:
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410:was formed by an impact event.
219:, including the ranges of the
1:
1084:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00139-8
571:
458:taller than any on Earth and
629:10.1126/science.173.3992.133
7:
1158:Peakbagger Ranges Home Page
481:
19:For financial options, see
10:
1822:
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1107:"Orogenic tectonism on Io"
781:"Orographic precipitation"
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18:
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823:10.1038/s43017-020-0058-6
759:10.1007/s10750-005-1802-0
389:Extraterrestrial "Montes"
166:North American Cordillera
21:Mountain range (options)
785:Encyclopedia Britannica
529:List of mountain ranges
1105:Jaeger, W. L. (2003).
1058:Plescia, J.B. (2003).
847:. USGS. Archived from
665:Thorpe, Edgar (2012).
539:List of mountain types
474:, Dorian, Hi'iaka and
411:
315:
149:
42:
38:as seen from space by
680:Chester, Roy (2008).
496:Earth sciences portal
402:
393:Further information:
309:
143:
29:
1779:Geographical feature
1615:Volcanic crater lake
1132:10.1029/2002JE001946
944:10.1029/2010JE003592
716:. BBC. 8 April 2010.
324:adiabatic lapse rate
260:Great Dividing Range
154:Pacific Ring of Fire
1123:2003JGRE..108.5093J
1076:2003Icar..164...79P
1021:1994JGR....9926015K
935:2010JGRE..11510002M
915:Lopes, Rosaly M. C.
884:10.1038/nature12218
876:2013Natur.498..475E
174:Kamchatka Peninsula
83:terrestrial planets
34:, east part of the
1117:(E8): 12–1–12–18.
559:Mountain formation
544:Lists of mountains
510:Environment portal
416:natural satellites
412:
316:
150:
102:geologic structure
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32:Namcha Barwa Himal
1788:
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1699:Artificial island
1605:Submarine volcano
1514:Continental shelf
1481:coastal landforms
1277:Continental plain
1212:List of landforms
1029:10.1029/94JE02636
870:(7455): 475–478.
623:(3992): 133–134.
466:. Jupiter's moon
252:Arctic Cordillera
213:Iberian Peninsula
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1734:Land reclamation
1630:Volcanic plateau
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988:on 17 March 2016
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363:Rocky Mountains
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124:mountains, and
118:uplifted blocks
94:mountain passes
75:plate tectonics
63:mountain system
53:is a series of
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444:Tenzing Montes
442:on Titan, and
436:Mithrim Montes
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361:uplift of the
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292:Annamite Range
264:East Siberians
217:Western Europe
209:Southeast Asia
170:Aleutian Range
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369:sedimentary
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207:in Maritime
198:
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136:Major ranges
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79:Solar System
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1479:Oceanic and
1219:Mountainous
1163:Bivouac.com
753:(1): 3–16.
328:rain shadow
296:Ocean Ridge
194:New Zealand
186:Philippines
158:Alpide belt
146:Ocean Ridge
1795:Categories
1777:See also:
1692:Artificial
1600:Lava field
1519:Coral reef
1347:Floodplain
790:23 January
590:Mindat.org
572:References
519:Cordillera
357:The early
320:orographic
290:, and the
239:, and the
229:Hindu Kush
130:rock types
51:hill range
1801:Mountains
1754:Reservoir
1645:Wall rock
1595:Lava dome
1554:Peninsula
1464:Ice field
1421:Waterfall
1284:Ice sheet
1263:Tableland
1203:landforms
1141:0148-0227
1092:0019-1035
1037:0148-0227
953:0148-0227
831:2662-138X
767:1573-5117
637:0036-8075
596:26 August
440:Doom Mons
344:erosional
288:Byrrangas
225:Karakoram
221:Himalayas
106:petrology
90:highlands
55:mountains
36:Himalayas
1714:Building
1678:Sandhill
1668:Dry lake
1573:Volcanic
1559:Seamount
1241:Mountain
1045:53311663
961:12655950
892:23803847
482:See also
472:Boösaule
426:'s moon
367:Mesozoic
359:Cenozoic
284:Vindhyas
237:Caucasus
126:volcanic
110:terranes
40:Apollo 9
1655:Aeolian
1640:Volcano
1580:Caldera
1534:Isthmus
1524:Estuary
1504:Channel
1459:Glacier
1431:Glacial
1369:Meander
1337:Channel
1309:Fluvial
1253:Plateau
1119:Bibcode
1072:Bibcode
1017:Bibcode
992:25 July
931:Bibcode
900:4304803
872:Bibcode
617:Science
406:on the
338:Erosion
302:Climate
276:Qinling
211:to the
203:, from
201:Eurasia
156:or the
98:valleys
71:orogeny
1764:Tunnel
1749:Quarry
1744:Polder
1709:Bridge
1683:Tundra
1663:Desert
1585:Geyser
1539:Lagoon
1529:Island
1444:Cirque
1416:Valley
1406:Strait
1384:Rapids
1357:island
1327:Canyon
1299:Tundra
1294:Steppe
1268:Valley
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1064:Icarus
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864:Nature
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549:Massif
424:Saturn
371:strata
348:basins
268:Altais
233:Alborz
184:, the
182:Taiwan
168:, the
1739:Levee
1729:Ditch
1719:Canal
1590:Guyot
1509:Coast
1489:Atoll
1454:Fjord
1449:Esker
1439:Arête
1411:Swamp
1399:mouth
1394:delta
1389:River
1374:Oasis
1364:Levee
1342:Cliff
1322:Beach
1289:Plain
1258:Ridge
1246:range
1226:Butte
1199:Earth
1041:S2CID
957:S2CID
896:S2CID
564:Ridge
456:Venus
432:Pluto
428:Titan
312:Andes
192:, to
178:Japan
162:Andes
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1759:Road
1673:Dune
1499:Cape
1379:Pond
1352:Lake
1332:Cave
1236:Hill
1231:Flat
1137:ISSN
1088:ISSN
1033:ISSN
994:2015
981:NASA
949:ISSN
888:PMID
827:ISSN
792:2020
763:ISSN
694:ISBN
633:ISSN
598:2017
464:Mars
446:and
438:and
430:and
420:Moon
408:Moon
310:The
241:Alps
205:Java
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