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district that they believed was a Viet Cong stronghold. The
Koreans were intent on flushing out opposing forces, but civilians bore the brunt of their actions, the officials said. An official at Tay Son's Communist Party history unit said the attacks began in early 1966 and culminated in a massacre of 380 people on Feb. 26, 1966, at a place called Go Dai" and that "a People's Committee official in Tay Son district also confirmed the details, saying 1,200 people were killed. A government official in Hanoi said central authorities had later investigated what happened at Binh Dinh and compiled detailed reports, which showed more than 1,000 people were killed during the period, about 380 of them at Go Dai. However, when asked for comment and to confirm the alleged killings, Vietnam's foreign ministry said it did not want to dwell on the matter."
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434:(AP) in April 2000 investigated the purported Bình An/Tây Vinh massacre and stated that it "was unable to independently confirm their claims" and "an additional 653 civilians were allegedly killed the same year by South Korean troops in neighboring Quang Ngai and Phu Yen provinces, according to provincial and local officials interviewed by the AP on a trip the government took two months to approve. As is routine with foreign reporters, several government escorts accompanied the AP staff. The AP was unable to search for documents that would back up the officials' allegations". The AP wrote that "neither the Pentagon nor the South Korean Defense Ministry would comment on the allegations or offer independent confirmation". A
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army; provided substantial military aid to South Korea; and gave economic aid to South Korea, including a $ 150 million development loan. The average salary for Korean servicemen in
Vietnam was $ 37.50 per month, higher than the base pay of $ 1.60 per month back home although much of it was taken by the South Korean government. Over the nine-year period of South Korean troop commitments to Vietnam, 40% of the country's overall export earnings during this period came from the money combat personnel were paid, making an average of $ 200 million each year. The economic aid South Korea received from the U.S. was used to fund South Korea's industrialization efforts. For some of South Korea's largest
541:. Much of this issue is instead driven by civic groups in both countries. In April 2020, a survivor of the Phong Nhi massacre alongside the Korea-Vietnam Peace Foundation filed a civil lawsuit in the court of South Korea against the Korean government in an effort to have a fact-finding mission convened. The Korean Defense Ministry in its response has stated that its own records do not support allegations of the lawsuit, and has called for a joint investigation by the Korean and Vietnamese governments. Survivors of the Phong Nhi massacre have also traveled to South Korea to give accounts of events to various groups.
330:, they can attribute their subsequent success and growth to the lucrative business contracts awarded to them by the U.S. military. The total cost to the United States of paying for Korean participation was "peanuts compared to what it would be for a comparable number of Americans," but those payments are estimated to account for 4 percent of the GNP in 1967 and totalling more than one billion dollars. Under the wartime alliance, the South Korean economy flourished, receiving tens of billions of dollars in grants, loans, subsidies, technology transfers, and preferential economic treatment from America.
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572:. Civic groups in Vietnam have campaigned for recognition of the issue and an apology by the Korean government. Most were ostracised and neglected by Vietnamese society following the war. Lai Dai Han and their families faced mistreatment following North Vietnam's victory for allegedly siding with opposing forces, including one rape victim's father being beaten to death by the communist regime shortly after the war ended. Both the Korean and Vietnamese governments have sidelined or ignored this issue, and requests by the
112:. South Korea's decision to join resulted from various underlying causes, including the development of US-South Korea relations, political exigencies, and the promise of economic aid from the United States. Under the wartime alliance, the South Korean economy flourished, receiving tens of billions of dollars in grants, loans, subsidies, technology transfers, and preferential economic treatment. From September 1964 to March 1973, South Korea sent some 350,000 troops to
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countries that agreed to send troops to
Vietnam, South Korea was the poorest. Park saw South Korea's participation in the war as a way to receive American dollars — valuable currency that was used to kick-start the country's industrial development. South Korea also saw how American economic power helped Japan in its economic recovery during the destructive
482:. Further testimonies and extensive accounts in the South Korean media emerged from South Korean Vietnam War veterans, and have caused considerable debate and re-assessment within South Korea about its role in the conflict. Korean civil groups have discussed the issue considerably, and calls have been made for a Korean inquiry, in line with the
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of the alliance and used it to implement authoritarian policies in South Korea. He arrested his opposition, implemented martial law, and amended the constitution to allow himself to serve a third presidential term, bolstering the power of his regime. The U.S. tolerated his undemocratic policies to ensure the stability of South Korea.
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In return for deploying South Korean combat troops in
Vietnam, the U.S. paid for the financial costs associated with South Korean troops in Vietnam; promised not to withdraw American troops from South Korea without prior consultation with the South Korean government; helped modernize the South Korean
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originally offered to send troops to South
Vietnam, as he was concerned about the redeployment of American troops from Korea to Vietnam, which would have reduced the amount of protection from North Korea, a constant security threat. With a South Korean military presence in Vietnam, Rhee surmised that
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withdrew completely in May 1971 while the combat role of Korean troops continued. As
Vietnamization progressed the U.S., had to consider keeping support units in South Vietnam to support the two ROK Divisions. Around the time of the Battle of An Khe Pass, ROK forces had more limited air-support, but
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and US forces were also kept at minimal combat following the Tet
Offensive. Part of the reason for this was the US announcement of withdrawal following political failures revealed by Tet, which caused the Korean military to lose reason, the Korean military's assessment received favourable reviews in
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in the chapter "The 43+ My Lais of South Korean
Mercenaries". —They reported thousands of routine murders of primarily elderly, women, and children civilians as most men in these regions had been conscripted into the Viet Cong or the ARVN. Chomsky has raised allegations that U.S. leadership did not
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The wartime alliance between the U.S. and South Korea stabilized Park Chung Hee's regime, creating both short- and long-term effects for South Korea. South Korea's economic success deterred the appeal and threat of communism domestically, furthering the stability of Park's rule. Park took advantage
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had planned on making a unilateral official apology but stopped short due to widespread opposition from prominent conservatives within South Korea. The recent political interest in South Korea for an official apology is contextualized within the ongoing trade war and diplomatic rifts between Japan
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members Diane and
Michael Jones looked at where Korean forces operated in Quảng Ngãi and Quảng Nam Provinces and alleged they had conducted 45 massacres, including 13 in which over 20 unarmed civilians were purportedly killed. The Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre is confirmed to have taken place
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There are allegations of missing POWs from Korea. A total of 320,000 troops have been deployed, but only eight people have been officially recognized by the Korean government so far as missing in action. There are suspicions that the South Korean government intentionally ignored South Korean POWs
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Non-combat and civilian support operation in the southern areas were well received. The South Korean military emphasized active support for civilians. During the
Vietnam War, the South Korean military provided 3,353,364 public health services, 1,640 tons of food, 461,764 points of clothing, 6,406
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withdrew from South Korea. Since one of the reasons for participation was due to fears of US withdrawal from South Korea, when the United States was planning on reducing the number of US troops on the Korean Peninsula later on, public opinion and government opinion declined, and they became less
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The issue is rarely acknowledged or discussed by the Vietnamese government or state-controlled media following normalization of relations, though in a rare statement the Vietnamese government did oppose the "commemoration of mercenaries" when South Korean President Moon Jae-in honoured the 50th
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South Koreans tried to support the cooperative civilians around the base, but the civilians in the town where Viet Cong was active were seen by Koreans as enemies, not civilians. This was particularly noticeable in the northern areas where the Vietcong was very active. In other cases the Korean
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region of South Vietnam, and helped build schools, roads and bridges. Medical teams are reported to have treated over 30,000 South Vietnamese civilians. The civilian operations in the early southern part of the campaign are reported to have had some success. In addition to combat and non-combat
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Three local officials, including one who said he survived the alleged killings, spoke at length about the events in Binh Dinh. The officials, who declined to be identified, said that in early 1966, Korean troops entered what was then the Binh An commune, a collection of villages within Tay Son
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American war planners are alleged to have leaned heavily on ROK forces, given their ability to carry out missions with considerable success. Koreans often outperformed other allied forces in Vietnam in lethality, organization, and professionalism. Other commanders were more critical and stated
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became the President of South Korea, seeing strategic benefits, which included troop modernization, economic aid, domestic help, and other potential benefits, he continued Rhee's policy, and saw the Vietnam War as an opportunity to further the alliance with the United States. Out of all of the
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rejected the previous offers because he hoped that the situation in Vietnam would not deteriorate to the point that South Korean troops were needed. President Johnson, in comparison, was frustrated by the lack of international support for the war, and desperate for foreign forces. The Johnson
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Because of the alliances the U.S. had with Japan and South Korea, the U.S. played an important role in normalizing relations between South Korea and Japan, which brought long-lasting economic benefits to South Korea, receiving financial support from Japan and access to the Japanese economy.
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Atrocities first reported in the 1990s by Ku Su-jeong had shocked Korean society. These reports came just as the newly democratized South Korea was facing pressures from civic groups to recognize the mass killings of South Korean civilians by ROK forces during the Korean War such as the
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had a great deal of interaction with American Marines. While the Vietnam War constituted the first military action on foreign soil for the South Korean marines since their formation, they claimed to have proven themselves to be highly skilled and capable warriors. All of the
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depicts a squad of eight soldiers tasked with extracting a missing platoon that was sent to R-Point in an abandoned French plantation, only to find out that the building is being haunted by the spirits of the deceased. In 2008, Lee Joon-ik produced a drama war film titled
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In 1969 the South Korean army accounted for 9% of the foreign troops stationed in South Vietnam (US Army 475,200, ROK Army 49,755); by the end of 1972, they comprised 60.5% of foreign troops (US Army 24,200, ROK Army 37,438). US Marine Aviation assets that supported the
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State Department reports state that though they were seen as effective in combat in the initial years, they had later withdrawn to the coast and were reluctant to undertake offensive operations. A passive role was not limited to just the Koreans; other armies including
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captured by the North Vietnamese. It was believed that some of them were forcibly sent to North Korea, with the South Korean government concluding that at least two captured soldiers had been moved there, being forced to deliver speeches on North Korean Radio.
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story, conducted interviews in early to mid 1966 in Phu Yen Province which confirmed that widespread atrocities had occurred. These included systemic mass-killings and deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds.
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story, conducted interviews in early to mid 1966 in Phu Yen Province which confirmed that widespread atrocities had occurred. These included systemic mass-killings and deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds.
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Koreans have claimed that atrocities committed by their forces stemmed from orders by Park Chung Hee to minimise casualties through practices such as hostage-taking. Furthermore, the brutality of South Korean measures was due to many officers being
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3108:"Remarks by MOFA Spokesperson Le Thi Thu Hang on Viet Nam's view on the June 6 remarks by President Moon Jae-in of the Republic of Korea in which he honored Korean veterans who fought various wars oversea, including the war in Viet Nam"
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Overall, assessments of the ROK military vary greatly over time. The tactics of the ROK military changed to defensive and passive tactics including the establishment of siege-like bases, unlike aggressive tactics prior to the
446:"South Korean troops committed crimes against Vietnamese people. With humanitarian and peaceful neighbourly traditions, it is Vietnam's policy to close the past..." the ministry said in a statement in response to questions.
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valley and taking over security operations, where there was some positive evaluations of ROK's operational capability. They are alleged to have had a casualty ratio of 24 to 1 during one operation in 1966.
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stated that "whenever the Korean Marines received fire or think fired on from a village... they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village. It would be a lesson to ". General
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The issue of atrocities has not been an aspect of foreign relations between the governments of Korea and Vietnam both when the countries were opening up relations and to the present day, unlike the role
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Punishment for some atrocities did occur. The Korean Army responded to the case of General Seo Kyung-seok, decorated for winning a victory but found to have beaten a prisoner, by revoking his award.
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the beginning and was passive in the second half. The withdrawal process had negatively impacted Korean-US relations, despite economic benefits gained, with Nixon and Secretary of Defense
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rejected the previous offers because American public opinion would not support an American military presence in South Korea if the South Korean troops were fighting in Vietnam. President
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stated several years later that "we had a big problem with atrocities committed by them which I sent down to Saigon." presumably in reference to the Phong Nhị and Phong Nhất massacre.
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284:'s officers were trained in Quantico, Virginia or San Diego, California by the U.S. Marine Corps. In the Vietnam War, South Korean marines lacked organic aviation assets and American
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all participated as an ally of the United States. The number of troops from South Korea was much greater than those from Australia and New Zealand, and second only to the
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The Korean government refused to provide additional compensation for their war veterans by establishing a "no duplicate reward" in the Constitution. Korean victims of
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and Moon Jae-in have been given, short of a full public apology. Apologies for atrocities has become a political issue within South Korean politics, as President
259:. The U.S. considered convincing the South Korean government to keep one of the divisions in South Vietnam into 1974 given the slow progress of development of
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administration requested for foreign mercenary troops, and South Korea responded and quickly sent the first deployment of South Korean troops in 1964.
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Various civilian groups have accused the South Korean military of atrocities, while the Korean Ministry of Defense has denied all such accusations.
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724:. It follows two veterans who fought in the Vietnam War and had seen the horrors of war through a series of flashbacks. 2004 horror war film
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1100:"The Nixon Doctrine and the Yusin Reforms: American Foreign Policy, the Vietnam War, and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Korea, 1968—1973"
1061:"The Nixon Doctrine and the Yusin Reforms: American Foreign Policy, the Vietnam War, and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Korea, 1968—1973"
809:"The Nixon Doctrine and the Yusin Reforms: American Foreign Policy, the Vietnam War, and the Rise of Authoritarianism in Korea, 1968—1973"
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The first Korean units arrived in February 1965, in a brigade group known as Dove Force. These included engineers, a medical unit,
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which follows a young woman who joins a band in order to find her husband who is sent off fighting in Vietnam. The 2020 TV drama
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Marines were typically embedded within every South Korean company to coordinate fires, close air support, medevac, and resupply.
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272:"Koreans made excessive demands for choppers and artillery support and that they stood down for too long after an operation.”
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2426:"Anatomy of US and South Korean Massacres in the Vietnamese Year of the Monkey, 1968 | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus"
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discourage Korean atrocities, but tolerated them. A separate refugee study by RAND employee Terry Rambo, reported in a 1970
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military and in particular engineering, medical and construction units put a great deal of effort into helping the people.
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forces, South Korea had sent around 100,000 civilian workers to South Vietnam, employed in technical and civilian tasks.
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of the South Korean army. Participation of Korean forces in the war included both non-combatant and combatant roles.
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willing to participate. Other U.S. data generally positively assess the military activities of the Korean military.
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Mercenaries and Lyndon Johnson's "more flags": the hiring of Korean, Filipino, and Thai soldiers in the Vietnam War
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Reassessing the Park Chung Hee Era, 1961-1979: Development, Political Thought, Democracy & Cultural Influence
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Reassessing the Park Chung Hee Era, 1961-1979: Development, Political Thought, Democracy & Cultural Influence
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Reassessing the Park Chung Hee Era, 1961-1979: Development, Political Thought, Democracy & Cultural Influence
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2578:"Villagers recall S. Korean atrocities in Viet War Troops massacred 1,600 civilians in all, survivors say"
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and Korea over a South Korean court having ordered compensation for forced labor from a Japanese company.
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337:. Others saw it as an economic opportunity for combat pay and took on service to support their families.
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within these two provinces. A separate refugee study by RAND employee Terry Rambo, reported in a 1970
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massacres. Further incidents are alleged to have occurred in the villages of An Linh and Vinh Xuan in
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1501:"국가기록원 > 기록정보 콘텐츠 > 국정분야별 주제콘텐츠 > 국정분야별 목록 > 외교 > 대아시아 외교> 동남아시아 외교협력> 주월한국군 철수"
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600:- 12 teams are each attached to the Capital Mechanized Infantry Division and 9th Infantry Division
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Multinational Force Integration: The ROK Army's Integration with the US Army in the Vietnam War
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2901:"Survivor of Korean troops' civilian killings in Vietnam files suit against Korean government"
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Some Korean soldiers saw themselves as repaying the sacrifices Americans had made during the
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2230:"A Proposal to Change Welfare Policy Principles for Agent Orange Exposed Korean Veterans".
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for foreign troops located in South Vietnam. The military commander was Lieutenant General
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farm tools, and 3,319 bridges This hearts and minds campaign received positive reporting.
8:
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2843:"Citizens' court to investigate Vietnam War atrocities committed by South Korean troops"
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Anniversary of South Korean servicemen who had fought in South Vietnam on South Korea's
177:, and saw the same opportunity for South Korea's development during the Vietnamese war.
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made a formal request to South Korea for noncombatant troops on May 1, 1964. President
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Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XIX, Pt. 1, Korea, 1969–1972
1267:. History and Museums Division, Headquarters United States Marine Corps. p. 614.
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Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State
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Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State
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1402:"Viewing Seoul from Saigon: Withdrawal from the Vietnam War and the Yushin Regime"
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on massacres committed by government forces during the Korean War, known as the
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Armstrong, Charles K. (1 September 2001). "America's Korea, Korea's Vietnam".
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The issue around children conceived through wartime affairs and rape known as
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he could demand a larger American military presence in South Korea in return.
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People's Tribunal on War Crimes by South Korean Troops during the Vietnam War
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People's Tribunal on War Crimes by South Korean Troops during the Vietnam War
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209:, liaison staff, and other support personnel. Dove Force was deployed to the
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Approximately 320,000 military personnel, with an average of 48,000 per year.
69:
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3052:"Moon faces growing calls to investigate South Korean war crimes in Vietnam"
1938:
Behind East Asian Growth: The Political and Social Foundations of Prosperity
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745:. He expresses remorse for obeying orders to massacre Vietnamese children.
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349:
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3138:"Women raped by Korean soldiers during Vietnam war still awaiting apology"
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Service Economies: Militarism, Sex Work, and Migrant Labor in South Korea
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Service Economies: Militarism, Sex Work, and Migrant Labor in South Korea
720:
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494:
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2933:"Vietnam War massacre survivors making their first visit to South Korea"
2152:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 403–429.
2017:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 405–429.
1123:
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dedicated to Vietnam War victims at a site commemorating victims of the
2177:. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. pp. 70–74.
1736:"The Independent-Record from Helena, Montana on June 13, 1966 · Page 4"
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Melvin Laird and the Foundation of the Post-Vietnam Military, 1969–1973
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2869:"Vietnam pieta: a last lullaby for peace in Vietnam, on Jeju Island"
1013:. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. p. 406.
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to make a documentary was turned down by the Vietnamese government.
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2203:
2067:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 419.
2042:. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. p. 74.
1870:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 413.
893:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 406.
865:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 405.
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Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda
1179:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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considering simultaneous withdrawal from both Korea and Vietnam.
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Counter-Revolutionary Violence:Bloodbaths in fact and propaganda
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have also not received compensation from the Korean government.
255:
remained until 1973 when all foreign troops withdrew due to the
2119:"Telegram From the Embassy in Korea to the Department of State"
2089:"Telegram From the Embassy in Korea to the Department of State"
632:
3279:
2670:
Ruptured Histories: War, Memory, and the Post-Cold War in Asia
504:
2638:"The 'forgotten' My Lai: South Korea's Vietnam War massacres"
1650:"ANGLICO Marines at Tra Binh Dong | Marine Corps Association"
2333:"The Forgotten History of South Korean Massacres in Vietnam"
1620:"A Perspective on Korea's Participation in the Vietnam War"
1594:"A Perspective on Korea's Participation in the Vietnam War"
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and implementing the same doctrines during the Korean War.
133:
1233:"The United States Army | United States Army Pacific"
539:
historical issues have played in Korean-Japanese relations
2150:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
2065:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
2015:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
1868:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
891:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
863:
The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea
2505:
RAND in Southeast Asia: A History of the Vietnam War Era
1596:. The Asian Institute for Policy Studies. 9 April 2013.
1384:– via National Library of Australia (new catalog).
3200:"OpEdNews-South Korea's War Crimes Still Haunt Vietnam"
2300:"Vietnam War Soldier Is POW, Not Defector to Pyongyang"
1977:
Blue Dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles Riots
4016:
Military history of South Korea during the Vietnam War
3274:
2746:"Reckoning with Korea's role in Vietnam War massacres"
18:
Military history of South Korea during the Vietnam War
1038:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland Publishing. p. 41.
321:
Memorial commemorating South Korean forces in the war
2611:"Vietnam memorial recalls massacre by Korean troops"
770:
Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War
884:
882:
856:
854:
741:depicts a veteran named Gan Pil-ong suffering from
493:South Korean civic groups have created a statue on
367:Korean forces are alleged to have perpetrated the
217:In 1966 Korean combat forces were deployed to the
2395:America's rented troops: South Koreans in Vietnam
1147:Vietnam Studies – Allied Participation in Vietnam
947:Korea's Amazing Century: From Kings to Satellites
916:Korea's Amazing Century: From Kings to Satellites
156:, the commander of South Korean forces in Vietnam
104:The South Korean government, under the regime of
4001:Overseas deployments of South Korea armed forces
3982:
1297:. Government Printing Office. pp. 352–355.
1264:U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Defining Year, 1968
879:
851:
3230:"1968 - The year that haunts hundreds of women"
2550:. Warner Modular Publications. pp. 29–30.
2575:
2392:Baldwin, Frank; Jones, Diane; Jones, Michael.
1973:
1399:
620:- attached to ROK Navy Transportation Flotilla
275:As a component of the joint-service MACV, the
3295:
2989:
2540:
2391:
971:
969:
806:
296:. This passivity became even worse since the
1256:
1254:
1104:The Journal of American-East Asian Relations
1065:The Journal of American-East Asian Relations
813:The Journal of American-East Asian Relations
633:Battles and operations involving South Korea
405:Atrocities by Korean forces were covered by
312:
3831:Normalization of US–Vietnam relations
2327:
2325:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1565:
1335:. Government Printing Office. p. 242.
505:Impact on South Korea and Vietnam relations
32:South Korean involvement in the Vietnam War
3302:
3288:
2608:
2497:
2495:
966:
2959:"The South Korean Vietnam War experience"
2806:
2673:. Harvard University Press. p. 299.
2424:Journal, The Asia Pacific (4 June 2007).
2355:
2235:
1260:
1251:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1033:
978:"Opinion – Vietnam's South Korean Ghosts"
802:
800:
229:they were transferred to the Da Nang and
2322:
1884:
1434:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1150:. U.S. Army center of Military History.
940:
938:
520:
316:
147:
3852:Opposition to United States involvement
2666:
2660:
2534:
2501:
2492:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2297:
1286:
1284:
532:and the Korea-Vietnam Peace Foundation.
14:
3983:
2541:Chomsky, Noam; Herman, Edward (1973).
2508:. Rand Corporation. pp. 187–193.
2453:
2451:
2402:from the original on 30 September 2019
2398:. American Friends Service Committee.
2343:from the original on 11 September 2020
2172:
2037:
1551:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1455:from the original on 24 September 2021
1441:. V&R unipress GmbH. p. 334.
1406:The Journal of Northeast Asian History
1143:
1130:
1008:
797:
3283:
3150:from the original on 2 September 2020
2881:from the original on 20 February 2020
2726:from the original on 20 February 2022
2687:from the original on 20 February 2022
2635:
2457:
1994:from the original on 20 February 2022
1955:from the original on 20 February 2022
1934:
1916:from the original on 18 February 2021
1416:from the original on 23 November 2020
1388:
1370:"The American War: Vietnam 1960–1975"
1367:
1239:from the original on 28 November 2020
1213:from the original on 18 February 2021
954:from the original on 18 February 2021
935:
923:from the original on 18 February 2021
544:Apologetic statements from President
438:story from January 2000 stated that:
3965:
3242:from the original on 1 November 2020
3062:from the original on 8 November 2020
3032:from the original on 5 December 2020
2913:from the original on 2 November 2020
2522:from the original on 29 October 2020
2458:Smith, Robert M. (10 January 1970).
2414:
2310:from the original on 12 January 2022
1974:Nancy Abelmann; et al. (2009).
1902:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 41.
1566:MAJ Michael, H. Liscano Jr. (2006).
1311:from the original on 26 January 2021
1290:
1281:
1199:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 37.
1164:from the original on 10 January 2021
1097:
1058:
990:from the original on 9 November 2020
975:
807:Tae Yang Kwak (Spring–Summer 2003).
760:Republic of China in the Vietnam War
450:When Korean forces were deployed to
4021:South Korea–South Vietnam relations
3569:U.S. escalation / "Americanization"
3022:"Moon's apology ignored in Vietnam"
2992:"Moon's apology ignored in Vietnam"
2448:
2147:
2062:
2012:
1895:
1865:
1760:
1582:from the original on 25 March 2020.
1435:Eckhardt, Fuchs (4 December 2017).
1192:
888:
860:
568:remains, like controversies around
484:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
24:
3498:1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt
3275:Vietnam Veterans Association Korea
2990:Choi Ha-young (15 November 2017).
2788:from the original on 2 August 2020
2480:from the original on 28 April 2019
2460:"Vietnam Killings Laid to Koreans"
1742:from the original on 11 April 2020
1323:
1098:Kwak, Tae Yang (22 January 2024).
1059:Kwak, Tae Yang (22 January 2024).
579:
392:American Friends Service Committee
25:
4032:
3493:North Vietnamese invasion of Laos
3268:
2705:
2648:from the original on 12 June 2018
2617:from the original on 13 June 2020
2373:from the original on 12 June 2018
2279:from the original on 22 June 2018
2211:from the original on 22 June 2018
2129:from the original on 26 June 2021
1716:from the original on 23 June 2018
1686:from the original on 23 June 2018
1660:from the original on 20 June 2018
1533:from the original on 22 June 2018
1507:from the original on 22 June 2018
1481:from the original on 22 June 2018
1438:A New Modern History of East Asia
1376:from the original on 27 June 2018
1349:from the original on 13 July 2020
839:from the original on 26 June 2021
598:1st Airborne Special Forces Group
80:11 September 1964 – 23 March 1973
3964:
3955:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3847:Draft evasion in the Vietnam War
3210:from the original on 21 May 2018
3180:from the original on 13 May 2019
3088:from the original on 13 May 2018
3002:from the original on 13 May 2018
2971:from the original on 14 May 2018
2939:from the original on 28 May 2018
2849:from the original on 21 May 2018
2758:from the original on 26 May 2018
2557:from the original on 13 May 2018
2502:Elliott, Mai (8 February 2010).
2436:from the original on 13 May 2018
2099:from the original on 30 May 2021
1847:from the original on 2 July 2018
1817:from the original on 2 July 2018
1787:from the original on 2 July 2018
1630:from the original on 11 May 2018
1600:from the original on 11 May 2018
1174:
699:Tet offensive attacks on Đà Nẵng
3996:Military history of South Korea
3483:Vietnamese migration of 1954–55
3309:
3254:
3222:
3192:
3162:
3130:
3100:
3084:. Tuoi Tre News. 13 June 2017.
3074:
3044:
3014:
2983:
2951:
2925:
2893:
2861:
2835:
2800:
2770:
2738:
2699:
2629:
2602:
2590:from the original on 2 May 2018
2576:Paul Alexander (9 April 2000).
2569:
2385:
2291:
2265:
2223:
2199:"대법, 베트남전 참전용사 고엽제 후유증 39명만 인정"
2191:
2166:
2141:
2111:
2081:
2056:
2031:
2006:
1967:
1928:
1859:
1829:
1799:
1769:
1754:
1728:
1698:
1672:
1642:
1612:
1586:
1559:
1519:
1493:
1467:
1428:
1368:Neale, Jonathan (2 July 2018).
1361:
1225:
1186:
1091:
1052:
950:. James F. Larson. p. 52.
919:. James F. Larson. p. 51.
261:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
3732:United States prisoners of war
2609:Dean Yates (20 January 2000).
1400:Benjamin Engel (Summer 2016).
1027:
1002:
907:
786:
765:New Zealand in the Vietnam War
714:In 1992, Korean film director
13:
1:
3991:Anti-communism in South Korea
3915:Henry Kissinger’s involvement
1034:Blackburn, Robert M. (1994).
976:Kwon, Heonik (10 July 2017).
780:
511:South Korea–Vietnam relations
454:in 1968, U.S. Marine General
390:In 1972, Vietnamese-speaking
359:
266:
108:, took an active role in the
2273:"포로 없다더니…베트남 파병 장병이 평양에 나타나"
1980:. Harvard University Press.
1680:"진짜 배후는 주한미군·한국군 동시감축 계획이었나"
612:Navy Transportation Flotilla
7:
3523:Independence Palace bombing
1750:– via Newspapers.com.
748:
718:directed a War film titled
10:
4037:
4011:Wars involving South Korea
3905:Canada and the Vietnam War
3574:1965 South Vietnamese coup
3382:People's Republic of China
3362:International participants
2821:10.1080/146727101760107415
1116:10.1163/187656103793645315
1077:10.1163/187656103793645315
825:10.1163/187656103793645315
775:Canada and the Vietnam War
704:Operation Pipestone Canyon
514:
508:
263:(ARVN) units in the area.
3940:
3910:CIA activities in Vietnam
3892:
3839:
3796:
3758:
3682:
3506:
3440:
3407:
3326:
3317:
2734:– via Google Books.
1475:"미군과 함께 철수했다면 전사자 줄었을 텐데"
1291:Hunt, Richard A. (2015).
313:Impact within South Korea
143:
92:
84:
76:
72:against Communist attacks
64:
52:
44:
36:
31:
3932:Women in the Vietnam War
3864:United States news media
3809:Indochina refugee crisis
3804:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
3579:Bombing of North Vietnam
3518:Strategic Hamlet Program
3056:South China Morning Post
2667:Miyoshi, Sheila (2007).
2173:Kimiya, Tadashi (2011).
2038:Kimiya, Tadashi (2011).
1261:Shulimson, Jack (1997).
1144:Larsen, Stanley (1975).
1009:Kimiya, Tadashi (2011).
738:It's Okay to Not Be Okay
709:
3551:Gulf of Tonkin incident
3472:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
3261:베트남전쟁시 한국군의 해·공군 및 특수작전
2613:. Reuters News Agency.
1896:Lee, Jin-kyung (2010).
1193:Lee, Jin-kyung (2010).
679:Operation Imperial Lake
669:Operation Hong Kil Dong
626:Air Force Support Group
196:
3960:Battles and operations
3900:Awards and decorations
3814:Vietnamese boat people
3783:Impact of Agent Orange
3771:Body count controversy
3478:1954 Geneva Conference
2809:Critical Asian Studies
2706:서, 경석 (29 June 2013).
2298:Sung-ki, Jung (2009).
2253:Cite journal requires
2148:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
2063:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
2013:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
1866:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
1761:Lee, Gyu Bong (2011).
889:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
861:Lee, Min-Yong (2013).
533:
448:
322:
157:
3669:1975 spring offensive
3628:ARVN campaign in Laos
3624:Vietnamization policy
3176:. 11 September 2017.
1935:Rowen, Henry (1998).
684:Operation Dragon Fire
649:Operation Crazy Horse
592:9th Infantry Division
524:
480:Bodo League massacres
461:Robert E. Cushman Jr.
440:
320:
151:
3788:Environmental impact
3660:Battle of Phước Long
3425:Cold War (1962–1979)
3028:. 15 November 2017.
2751:Korea JoongAng Daily
2586:. Associated Press.
2275:. 12 December 2014.
1941:. Psychology Press.
1765:. pp. 202, 203.
674:Operation Hood River
277:South Korean Marines
225:At the start of the
186:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3868:In popular culture
3821:Sino-Vietnamese War
3651:Paris Peace Accords
3464:First Indochina War
3453:Japanese occupation
3420:Cambodian Civil War
3146:. 19 January 2019.
3118:on 24 February 2018
1682:. 10 January 2014.
1654:www.mca-marines.org
1477:. 17 October 2014.
639:Operation Van Buren
456:Rathvon M. Tompkins
282:Blue Dragon Brigade
257:Paris Peace Accords
134:U.S. military force
116:. The South Korean
3642:Christmas bombings
3615:Cambodian campaign
3206:. September 2017.
2636:Griffiths, James.
2465:The New York Times
983:The New York Times
694:Battle of Trà Bình
664:Operation Pershing
659:Operation Geronimo
606:2nd Marine Brigade
534:
323:
252:2nd Marine Brigade
231:Quảng Nam Province
158:
3978:
3977:
3695:Ho Chi Minh trail
3588:Buddhist Uprising
3546:Coup against Minh
3537:Coup against Diem
3460:(1949–1955)
3415:Laotian Civil War
3408:Related conflicts
3387:Republic of China
3058:. 18 April 2019.
2909:. 21 April 2020.
2754:. 24 April 2018.
2363:"Apocalypse Then"
614:(White Sea Gull)
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
4028:
3968:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3948:
3947:
3705:Operation Popeye
3637:Easter Offensive
3458:State of Vietnam
3448:French Indochina
3430:Cold War in Asia
3338:Việt Minh / PAVN
3304:
3297:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3196:
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3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3114:. Archived from
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3048:
3042:
3041:
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2949:
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2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2906:The Korea Herald
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2784:. 15 June 2019.
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2703:
2697:
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2441:
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2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2369:. 9 April 2000.
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2317:
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2262:
2256:
2251:
2249:
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2220:
2218:
2216:
2207:. 12 July 2013.
2195:
2189:
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2079:
2078:
2060:
2054:
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2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1932:
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1747:
1738:. 13 June 1966.
1732:
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1721:
1702:
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886:
877:
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858:
849:
848:
846:
844:
804:
795:
790:
689:Operation Thayer
654:Battle of Đức Cơ
644:Operation Masher
586:Capital Division
469:Japanese-trained
432:Associated Press
407:Edward S. Herman
385:Phú Yên Province
373:Bình An/Tây Vinh
85:Executed by
29:
28:
21:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4025:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3936:
3921:Pentagon Papers
3888:
3835:
3792:
3754:
3678:
3532:Buddhist crisis
3502:
3488:1955 referendum
3436:
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3271:
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3174:The Independent
3168:
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3119:
3112:www.mofa.gov.vn
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2996:The Korea Times
2988:
2984:
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2967:. 8 July 2013.
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2680:978-067402470-0
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2337:thediplomat.com
2331:
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2304:The Korea Times
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2237:10.1.1.882.6299
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298:US 7th Division
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203:military police
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190:John F. Kennedy
154:Chae Myung-shin
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138:Chae Myung-shin
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3674:Fall of Saigon
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570:comfort women
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3893:Other topics
3715:Agent Orange
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3256:
3246:14 September
3244:. Retrieved
3233:
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3212:. Retrieved
3203:
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3182:. Retrieved
3173:
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3154:14 September
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3143:The Guardian
3141:
3132:
3122:10 September
3120:. Retrieved
3116:the original
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3090:. Retrieved
3076:
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3004:. Retrieved
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2927:
2917:10 September
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2904:
2895:
2885:14 September
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2583:Deseret News
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2246:cite journal
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350:Agent Orange
347:
343:
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235:
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167:
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159:
122:Marine Corps
103:
96:5,099 killed
37:Part of the
26:
4006:Vietnam War
3397:New Zealand
3392:South Korea
3311:Vietnam War
2712:. 샘터(샘터사).
2406:24 February
721:White Badge
566:Lai Dai Han
550:Moon Jae-in
517:Lai Đại Hàn
495:Jeju Island
110:Vietnam War
68:To support
39:Vietnam War
3985:Categories
3766:Casualties
3737:War crimes
3720:Land mines
3555:Resolution
3441:Background
3026:koreatimes
2691:24 October
2314:12 January
1459:24 October
781:References
515:See also:
360:Atrocities
335:Korean War
267:Evaluation
180:President
175:Korean War
93:Casualties
3840:Reactions
3797:Aftermath
3468:Việt Minh
3377:Australia
3346:Viet Cong
2829:144205767
2782:apjjf.org
2474:0362-4331
2430:apjjf.org
2232:CiteSeerX
1837:"군사편찬연구소"
1807:"군사편찬연구소"
1777:"군사편찬연구소"
1706:"군사편찬연구소"
561:in 2017.
205:, a navy
160:In 1954,
130:Air Force
65:Objective
3950:Category
3857:Protests
3826:Veterans
3683:Conflict
3601:Khe Sanh
3372:Thailand
3240:Archived
3235:BBC News
3208:Archived
3204:OpEdNews
3178:Archived
3148:Archived
3086:Archived
3060:Archived
3030:Archived
3000:Archived
2969:Archived
2937:Archived
2911:Archived
2879:Archived
2847:Archived
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2756:Archived
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2646:Archived
2615:Archived
2588:Archived
2552:Archived
2520:Archived
2478:Archived
2434:Archived
2400:Archived
2371:Archived
2367:Newsweek
2341:Archived
2308:Archived
2277:Archived
2209:Archived
2204:OhmyNews
2127:Archived
2097:Archived
1992:Archived
1953:Archived
1914:Archived
1845:Archived
1815:Archived
1785:Archived
1746:11 April
1740:Archived
1714:Archived
1684:Archived
1658:Archived
1628:Archived
1598:Archived
1577:Archived
1547:cite web
1531:Archived
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1479:Archived
1453:Archived
1414:Archived
1374:Archived
1347:Archived
1309:Archived
1237:Archived
1211:Archived
1162:Archived
1124:23613179
1085:23613179
994:12 March
988:Archived
952:Archived
921:Archived
837:Archived
833:23613179
749:See also
528:held by
377:Bình Hòa
369:Binh Tai
233:region.
211:Biên Hòa
152:General
53:Location
3970:Commons
3759:Impacts
3749:Đắk Sơn
3710:Weapons
3320:Outline
2621:26 July
2283:22 June
2215:22 June
2133:26 June
2103:26 June
1720:23 June
1690:23 June
1537:22 June
1511:22 June
1485:22 June
1380:27 June
1243:20 June
843:26 June
726:R-Point
530:Minbyun
452:I Corps
436:Reuters
286:ANGLICO
219:Tuy Hòa
3745:My Lai
3507:Events
3214:20 May
3184:14 May
3092:14 May
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3882:Songs
3877:Games
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2548:(PDF)
1664:1 May
1580:(PDF)
1573:(PDF)
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829:JSTOR
732:Sunny
710:Media
381:Hà My
239:ANZAC
168:When
3872:Film
3727:Rape
3665:1975
3656:1974
3647:1973
3633:1972
3620:1971
3611:1970
3593:1968
3584:1966
3565:1965
3542:1964
3528:1963
3514:1962
3356:ARVN
3248:2020
3216:2018
3186:2018
3156:2020
3124:2020
3094:2018
3068:2020
3038:2020
3008:2018
2977:2018
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2919:2020
2887:2020
2855:2018
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2764:2018
2732:2020
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2709:전투감각
2693:2020
2675:ISBN
2654:2018
2623:2018
2596:2018
2563:2018
2528:2020
2510:ISBN
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2470:ISSN
2442:2018
2408:2019
2379:2018
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2069:ISBN
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2019:ISBN
2000:2020
1982:ISBN
1961:2020
1943:ISBN
1922:2020
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