666:
714:
878:, described as "necessary and timely" the meeting with the Spanish ambassador, Juan López-Doriga Pérez, who went to the Lower House of Congress to sign the agreement. In the same month, within the framework of the celebration of the 45th anniversary of the reestablishment of relations between the two countries, Mexico reinforced cultural promotion and academic cooperation with Spain. In addition, in October, the Undersecretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, Carmen Moreno Toscano, made a working visit to Spain with the aim of expanding the "key" political dialogue between the two countries and stressed that the bilateral relationship is "broad, solid and dynamic, for the bonds of friendship and the desire for cooperation between the two countries”, and "which is extremely rich, not only because of our common history and culture, but also because of our commercial and human exchanges".
702:
678:
391:, at the City Hall Palace, where they received the appointment of Distinguished Guests. King Felipe VI attended the Mexico Spain Business Forum, in which businessmen and representatives of the governments of the two nations also participated. Meanwhile, Queen Letizia participated in a meeting with the Ibero-American Alliance for Rare Diseases. They were also received in a solemn session in the Republic's Senate, where the anthems of the two nations were sung and the guest book was signed. Don Felipe and Doña Letizia attended a lunch organized by the Spanish Embassy in Mexico, during which they had the opportunity to meet and talk with members of the Spanish community in Mexico. Their Royal Highnesses traveled to
738:
690:
1139:
726:
654:
505:
422:(UME) began the progressive deployment of an Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) team with health support, communications and logistics capabilities. A total of 54 soldiers, two of them from the Army, who flew to Mexico in an Air Force Airbus in response to a bilateral request from the Government of that country. Coordinated by the Centralized Command for the Management of International Teams, the UME USAR team collaborated with the country's emergency services to rescue the greatest number of people alive and recover the dead bodies that could be trapped in the rubble.
1115:
1127:
38:
981:
969:
3403:
262:
143:
1151:
2626:
3783:
57:
3604:
68:
441:, made an official visit to Mexico and met with the Mexican president. Both leaders commemorated eighty years since the end of the Spanish civil war and recognized Mexico's openness to receive thousands of Spanish refugees who fled their homes and found asylum in Mexico and their contribution to their adopted country. However, in March, the Mexican Government demanded a public apology from Spain for the
453:, who described the petition as "a simulation" and stated that what the Mexican president should do is stop dispossessing indigenous communities of the land. In addition, 62% of the Mexican population believes that López Obrador used the conquest to do politics, while more than half of Mexicans (55%) do not consider an apology necessary for colonization. In fact, the descendants of the Aztec emperor
914:, culture, and tourism promotion. This agreement has been reflected in the signing of a letter of intent signed by the president of the Group of World Heritage Cities of Spain, Carlos García Carbayo, and the president of the Mexican association, Loredana Montes, after holding a meeting that they have kept in the headquarters of the Historic Center Trust of Mexico City.
754:
peaceful purposes (1979); Air
Transportation Agreement (1979); Agreement on Economic and Commercial Cooperation (1980); Extradition Treaty (1984); Agreement on the Avoidance of Double-Taxation (1984); Tourism Agreement (1996); Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments (1997); Agreement on Cooperation between the
1029:, of which Spain is a member. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$ 7.4 billion. Mexico's exports to Spain include: crude oil, medicine, alcohol, fish and mobile phones; while Spanish exports to Mexico include: vehicles, vehicle parts and wine. Mexico is Spain's biggest trading partner in Latin America.
753:
Over the years, both nations have signed numerous bilateral agreements and treaties such as an
Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1977); Agreement on the elimination of visas (1977); Agreement on Cultural and Educational Cooperation (1978); Agreement on Nuclear Energy Cooperation for
487:
In
February 2022, Mexican president López Obrador proposed a "pause" in the bilateral relations between both countries, in light of alleged mispractices of Spanish companies in Mexico during previous administrations. The Spanish Government issued a notice categorically rejecting the offences against
273:
Spain established diplomatic relations with Mexico on 26 December 1836 (15 years after Mexico had declared its independence). In the beginning, the diplomatic relationship between the two nations was strained due to Mexico having been a former colony of Spain and the latter's unsuccessful endeavors
495:
traveled to Mexico and together with the
Mexican Foreign Minister, Marcelo Ebrard, both countries have agreed to “accelerate the relationship” between the two countries instead of taking a pause as requested in February 2022 by President López Obrador. During the meeting, the two foreign ministers
344:, issued thousands of visas to Spanish refugees and other asylees to seek refuge in Mexico. Though the Republicans had lost the war, this helped improve the relationship between the two countries after the death of Franco. Mexico and Spain re-established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1977.
347:
Since re-establishing diplomatic relations, both nations share close and warm diplomatic relations. On several occasions, both countries had supported each other diplomatically and there have been several high level visits and meetings between both governments including with the
352:. Soon after re-establishing diplomatic relations 1977; Spanish Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez paid an official visit to Mexico, the first ever by a Spanish head of government. That same year, in October 1977, Mexican President José López Portillo paid an official visit to Spain.
2154:"Orden JUS/2484/2013, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se manda expedir, sin perjuicio de tercero de mejor derecho, Real Carta de Sucesión en el título de Duque de Moctezuma de Tultengo, con Grandeza de España, a favor de don Juan José Marcilla de Teruel-Moctezuma y Valcárcel"
909:
Cities of Spain and the
National Association of Mexican World Heritage Cities have agreed to strengthen their relations with the aim of promoting mutual cooperation and the exchange of information, experiences and good practices in matters related to the defense of
2234:
677:
665:
461:), criticized the Mexican president, considering that there is no point in apologizing for something that happened five centuries ago, and that they do not want their ancestors to be used for political purposes to cause social division.
224:
The late 18th and early 19th century saw much revolutionary feeling in the countries of
Western Europe and their colonies. The feeling built up in Mexico after the occupation of Spain by the French Revolutionary Emperor
901:
and argued that both countries should further strengthen their relations. Likewise, in
October, he stated that "Spain and Mexico are linked by indissoluble ties" and that "they must move towards a promising future".
713:
1005:
In 2013, the head of the
Spanish Drugs and Organized Crime Unit (known as Udyco) believed that the Mexican drug cartels had set out to “conquer” Spain and not forge an alliance with Colombian drug organizations.
336:. In 1939 when Francisco Franco took power in Spain, Mexico severed diplomatic relations between the two nations. After the war, thousands of Spanish refugees sought asylum in Mexico and former Mexican consul in
1567:
2078:"Madrid clausura Hispanidad 2022 con animación en la calle, flamenco, tango, mariachis, el musical 'Malinche', bandas de música y fuegos artificiales al son de Albéniz y Falla (horarios y ubicaciones)"
429:
classified foreign investment in Mexico as "neocolonialist" and linked
Spanish and U.S. companies without evidence, the same political situation that occurred in other Latin American countries such as
2194:
737:
701:
3478:
802:
Both countries have established cultural centers in their respective capitals in order to promote the development of both Mexico and Spain, through greater knowledge of both nations in
653:
849:, to implement the National Service for the Evaluation of the Spanish Language (SIELE) in Mexico, which allows accrediting the command and level of Spanish of any user electronically.
1607:
689:
2176:
2292:
1967:
2312:
1347:
2077:
488:
Spain and
Spanish companies, arguing that both countries are "strategic partners" while noting that the Spanish government wishes for "relations based on mutual respect".
1167:
725:
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2614:
2254:
1587:
1457:
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472:
when he paid a visit to Spain. During his visit, Ebrard announced that Mexico will participate in Phase 3 of the Spanish project for a vaccine against
2095:
4461:
1980:
1488:
1251:
1659:
2592:
2113:
953:(Mexico) was established, so that both cities have been linked institutionally, promoting human contact and the cultural ties of each culture.
3570:
871:
culture respectively. Likewise, they have become popular among the societies of both countries with the exchange of music and dance artists.
241:. In 1811, Hidalgo was executed by the Spanish militia, but his movement fought on until the establishment of the independent constitutional
1920:
1138:
1382:
1765:
874:
In May 2022, the Mexican Congress installed a friendship group with Spain. The president of the group, deputy Anuar Roberto Azuar of the
302:
4168:
3448:
2913:
2214:
3136:
2607:
683:
Presidente Felipe Calderón, Argentine President Cristina Fernández and Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in New York, 2009.
2133:
4112:
3585:
2933:
2783:
1639:
1476:
1358:
838:
2059:
1150:
450:
395:, where they held the closing ceremony of the "past, present and future" colloquium on relations between Mexico and Spain, at the
3917:
3521:
2848:
1680:
2467:
1547:
4451:
3847:
3555:
2943:
2687:
329:
17:
4456:
3657:
3530:
3526:
3468:
3453:
3368:
104:
1009:
In 2017, Spanish police extradited Juan Manuel Muñoz Luévano, suspected of carrying out operations for Mexican drugs cartel
37:
4420:
4416:
4369:
4015:
2600:
1529:
837:
as a symbol of common identity and heritage. In 2015, the kings of Spain witnessed the signing of an agreement between the
275:
137:
85:
2400:
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in 1821. Formal diplomatic relations between both nations commenced in 1836 and were severed with the aftermath of the
3922:
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3101:
2747:
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2435:
1323:
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Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Mexico City; January 2019.
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1421:
1033:
886:
1855:
4400:
4278:
4258:
4117:
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3353:
3257:
3111:
3106:
3086:
3011:
2955:
2893:
2868:
2788:
2478:
875:
3600:
1730:"El presidente de México, Miguel de la Madrid, inicia hoy en la capital española una gira europea de negocios"
4364:
4253:
4087:
4062:
3995:
3978:
3932:
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3797:
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3312:
3307:
3287:
3227:
3177:
3126:
3081:
3071:
3066:
2928:
2903:
2883:
2843:
2828:
2798:
2767:
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2544:
1588:"El descendiente de Moctezuma, contra López Obrador: "Me molesta que usen a mi ancestro con fines políticos""
1305:
458:
332:
and refuge to political refugees. Throughout the war, Mexican volunteers joined the Republican side to fight
298:
2587:
2161:
1992:
1509:
638:
4328:
4323:
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4223:
4173:
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3141:
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3001:
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2732:
2727:
2717:
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1711:
1177:
860:
659:
President José López Portillo and his wife with King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía in Madrid, October 1977.
446:
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89:
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3006:
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2707:
2697:
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2526:
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2041:
476:. In addition, Ebrard announced that Spain made the decision to share vaccines with other countries in
116:
387:, paid a state visit to Mexico. They were received by the head of Government of the Federal District,
4379:
4263:
4243:
4127:
4092:
4072:
4022:
3990:
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3667:
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3483:
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2908:
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1836:
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1221:
1172:
533:
419:
234:
1902:
1729:
1252:"Mexican Ministry of Education 'Derrota de Isidro Barradas el 11 de septiembre de 1829'(in Spanish)"
1201:
4010:
4005:
3907:
3842:
3707:
1608:"Descendiente de Moctezuma pidió a AMLO no usar la figura del emperador azteca con fines políticos"
519:
266:
187:
1837:"Casa de Su Majestad el Rey de España - S.M. el Rey Don Juan Carlos - S.M. el Rey Don Juan Carlos"
1510:"España rechaza con firmeza la exigencia de México de pedir perdón por los abusos de la conquista"
1400:
496:
signed four agreements on political, cultural, scientific and cooperation in the rights of women.
465:
2583:
Mexican Ministry of foreign Affairs on diplomatic relations between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)
2313:"Valladolid se hermana con su homóloga de México con el apoyo unánime del Pleno del Ayuntamiento"
894:
846:
2153:
1928:
1884:
1794:
589:
388:
3488:
631:
582:
411:
314:
1815:
1773:
946:
492:
468:
paid a visit to Mexico. In April 2021, the visit was reciprocated by Mexican Foreign Minister
3550:
3438:
1700:
Albares acuerda en México “acelerar la relación” con España en lugar de pausarla (in Spanish)
823:
610:
373:
290:
96:
in 1939. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1977 and have continued unabated since.
3540:
743:
Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico City, 2019.
561:
400:
88:
in 1519 and subsequent Spanish colonialism in the country which lasted until the end of the
1439:
1022:
504:
396:
349:
310:
294:
242:
111:. Diplomatic ties between both nations are based on shared historical and cultural ties, a
2096:"Tras polémica "pausa", instalan grupo de amistad México-España en la Cámara de Diputados"
1568:"Un 62% de los mexicanos creen que López Obrador utiliza la conquista para hacer política"
246:
8:
2239:
1681:"El Gobierno exige a López Obrador "respeto mutuo" tras las "descalificaciones" a España"
1489:"Obrador, el 'Maduro' mexicano: no sabe qué hacer con sus indígenas y se mete con España"
1182:
957:
906:
842:
526:
120:
942:
445:, which was firmly rejected, both by the Spanish Crown and Government as well as by the
926:
922:
783:
671:
President Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Prime Minister Felipe González in Madrid, 1989.
603:
442:
195:
163:
147:
2255:"Las Ciudades Patrimonio de la Humanidad de España y México fortalecen sus relaciones"
1293:
Explora historiador el envío mexicano de armas para la República española (in Spanish)
596:
554:
407:, accompanied the royal couple to most of their engagements, including this last one.
404:
210:
were recognized, which lived and co-governed with the Spanish during the viceroyalty.
911:
864:
325:
93:
2195:"Eduardo Matos Moctezuma: "Hay que conocer la Historia, pero mirar hacia el futuro""
457:, such as Juan José Marcilla de Teruel-Moctezuma y Valcárcel (current holder of the
3545:
3535:
2588:
Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on bilateral relations with Mexico (in Spanish)
868:
834:
829:
Spain is the European country with which Mexico has traditionally held the largest
811:
779:
333:
250:
112:
1949:
1348:"México y España veinte años después de la reanudación de relaciones (in Spanish)"
770:
There are direct flights between Mexico and Spain through the following airlines:
575:
438:
306:
190:
in 1535. The viceroyalty had a stratified social hierarchy based on race with the
3416:
2372:
2219:
2199:
1592:
1049:
1041:
540:
279:
167:
2215:"Eduardo Matos Moctezuma: "España y México están unidos por lazos indisolubles""
1458:"Latinoamérica, de la crisis a la hostilidad política con el capital extranjero"
2177:"Nobleza mexicana: ella es la condesa de Miravalle; heredera al 'trono' azteca"
1032:
Several prominent Spanish multinational companies operate in Mexico, such as:
1026:
1002:
were arrested in Spain, while allegedly trying to set up a European operation.
999:
755:
719:
President Enrique Peña Nieto and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in Hamburg, 2017.
469:
414:
that seriously affected different areas of the country, including its capital,
318:
199:
191:
108:
980:
968:
695:
President Felipe Calderón and Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy in Los Cabos, 2012.
4440:
2353:"Se firmó el Hermanamiento de los Santuarios de Guadalupe en México y España"
1552:
1206:
1053:
759:
624:
477:
384:
361:
313:
cause, thus he refused to consent to the ambitious schemes of French emperor
1493:
1045:
771:
2643:
2357:
2337:
1748:"Salinas de Gortari abrirá en Madrid la sede de Fondo de Cultura Económica"
1627:
España compartirá vacunas anticovid con México, anuncia Ebrard (in Spanish)
1052:; while several multinational Mexican companies operate in Spain, such as:
890:
889:. In May 2022, the Mexican archaeologist responsible for the excavation of
454:
175:
171:
155:
2508:
2447:
2118:
1968:"Mariano Rajoy destaca la 'meritoria lucha' contra la violencia en México"
261:
166:
led an expedition to what is now Mexico in 1518, establishing the city of
1097:
1093:
1065:
930:
918:
547:
415:
183:
151:
142:
2134:"España y México refuerzan el diálogo bilateral clave para ambos países"
1921:"Visita de Trabajo de Su Majestad la Reina Sofía de España (in Spanish)"
186:, the new capital was founded as the center of power for the subsequent
2317:
2114:"México refuerza promoción cultural y cooperación académica con España"
1903:"La reina Sofía visita hoy la zona afectada por el terremoto de México"
1324:"History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)"
938:
819:
775:
762:(2014) and an Agreement on Cooperation against Organized Crime (2014).
179:
2293:"Las Valladolid de México y España fusionan su gastronomía en Yucatán"
1572:
1514:
1462:
950:
3473:
2490:
1863:
1101:
1086:
1010:
791:
787:
707:
King Felipe VI and President Enrique Peña Nieto in Mexico City, 2015.
481:
430:
392:
380:
337:
286:
1477:
Mexico y España: unidos por la historia, comprometidos con el cambio
1644:
956:
In February 2023, the twinning of the Sanctuaries dedicated to the
856:
852:
807:
473:
226:
203:
1981:
SS.MM. los Reyes visitan los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (in Spanish)
237:
against Spanish rule is widely recognized as the beginning of the
2333:"Hermanamiento de los Santuarios de Guadalupe de España y México"
2297:
1712:"Fuerte contenido económico del viaje de López Portillo a España"
1612:
1069:
934:
830:
815:
803:
434:
1422:"Revelan la agenda de la visita de los Reyes de España a México"
731:
President Enrique Peña Nieto and King Felipe VI in Madrid, 2018.
2625:
2468:
España y México, una apuesta empresarial de futuro (in Spanish)
2138:
1082:
1037:
882:
365:
207:
61:
2027:
1236:
Historia del Derecho español en América y del Derecho indiano.
1156:
Building hosting the Consulate-General of Spain in Guadalajara
3782:
3603:
2479:
Las empresas mexicanas más importantes en España (in Spanish)
1665:
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación
1660:"Comunicado sobre las declaraciones del Presidente de México"
1061:
1057:
72:
2235:"México y España deben dirigirse hacia un futuro promisorio"
418:, where several buildings collapsed. The following day, the
917:
In 2022, it was the 40th anniversary of the signing of the
379:
From June 29 to July 1, 2015, the king and queen of Spain,
100:
1993:"Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mexico (in Spanish)"
1816:"Official trips by President Felipe Calderón (in Spanish)"
1766:"Zedillo: Visita Oficial de Trabajo a España (in Spanish)"
3443:
2275:"México y España, países hermanos gracias a Guadalajara"
2060:"México es el tercer país con más academias de flamenco"
998:
In 2012, four suspected members of Mexican drug cartel
569:
Royal and Prime Ministerial visits from Spain to Mexico
437:. In January, the President of the Spanish Government,
317:, and withdrew Spanish forces following a meeting with
2419:"Spain to extradite suspected Mexican drug lord to US"
1795:"Official trips by President Vicente Fox (in Spanish)"
1548:"Para Marichuy, pedir disculpa a España es simulación"
1530:"Marichuy: Pedir disculpas a España es una simulación"
606:(1991, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018)
101:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
412:
Mexico suffered an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1
305:
sought forced payment from the liberal government of
2013:
1640:"AMLO plantea poner 'pausa' en relación con España"
1383:"América Latina: el refugio idílico de los etarras"
2401:"Mexican drug cartels eye Spain as their new home"
1508:Lafuente, Javier; Abellán, Lucía (26 March 2019).
4438:
1092:Spain has an embassy and a consulate-general in
937:(Mexico). Likewise, the twinning of the city of
355:
2387:"Mexican drug cartel members arrested in Spain"
1507:
1075:
372:of harboring members of the armed organization
84:Ties between Mexico and Spain date back to the
2545:"Páginas - Consulado de España en Guadalajara"
1950:"Confirman visita relámpago de Aznar a México"
899:Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences
833:exchange. Both countries actively promote the
3586:
2608:
2448:"Trade between Mexico and Spain (in Spanish)"
1638:Aragón Espejo, Adriana de (9 February 2022).
1637:
859:are two genres of Latin music, recognized as
328:(1936–1939), Mexico had provided arms to the
2563:"Páginas - Consulado de España en Monterrey"
491:In March 2022, the Spanish Foreign Minister
289:commanded the Spanish expeditionary army in
464:In November 2020, Spanish Foreign Minister
309:for loans. Prim was a sympathizer with the
194:on top, who had the most rights, until the
3593:
3579:
3415:
2615:
2601:
1303:
1678:
1246:
1244:
449:(CNI) of Mexico through its spokeswoman,
4462:Relations of colonizer and former colony
2527:"Páginas - Embajada de España en México"
1401:"LAS CONEXIONES DE ETA EN LATINOAMÉRICA"
1342:
1340:
1283:, New York: Longmans 1994, pp. 169, 278.
1238:Madrid: Aguilar. ISBN 978-84-03-25044-4.
839:National Autonomous University of Mexico
513:Presidential visits from Mexico to Spain
503:
260:
141:
2642:
1679:Hernández, Marisol (11 February 2022).
797:
748:
265:Spain fails to reconquer Mexico at the
178:, was conquered by the Spanish and the
14:
4439:
3556:Visa requirements for Mexican citizens
1304:Bloomekatz, Ari B. (1 December 2008).
1273:
1241:
986:Spanish Cultural Center in Mexico City
399:Viceroyalty Museum. Mexican President
249:. The Empire was ousted and the first
3574:
3510:
3414:
2641:
2596:
1853:
1416:
1414:
1337:
105:Organization of Ibero-American States
2042:"Relación bilateral México – España"
2028:"Fundación Casa de México en España"
585:(1978, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2002)
499:
256:
138:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1168:Centro Cultural de España en México
993:
278:in the ensuing years under General
131:
24:
1411:
1316:
1016:
233:speech by Mexican Catholic priest
25:
4473:
2576:
2373:"Spain 'foils Mexican drug plot'"
1405:Fundación Víctimas del Terrorismo
1234:Ots Capdequí, José María (1968).
1222:"BBC - History - Hernando Cortés"
1202:"Los conquistadores tlaxcaltecas"
3781:
3648:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3602:
3401:
2924:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2678:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2624:
1149:
1137:
1132:Consulate of Mexico in Barcelona
1125:
1113:
1013:in Spain, to the United States.
979:
967:
960:in Mexico and Spain was signed.
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
459:Dukedom of Moctezuma de Tultengo
451:María de Jesús Patricio Martínez
198:were established throughout the
182:in 1521. Rebuilt to present-day
99:Both nations are members of the
66:
55:
36:
2555:
2537:
2519:
2501:
2483:
2472:
2461:
2440:
2436:Data Mexico: Spain (in Spanish)
2429:
2411:
2393:
2379:
2365:
2345:
2325:
2305:
2285:
2267:
2247:
2227:
2207:
2187:
2169:
2146:
2126:
2106:
2088:
2070:
2052:
2034:
2020:
2006:
1985:
1974:
1960:
1942:
1913:
1895:
1877:
1847:
1829:
1808:
1787:
1758:
1740:
1722:
1704:
1693:
1672:
1652:
1631:
1620:
1600:
1580:
1560:
1540:
1522:
1501:
1481:
1470:
1450:
1432:
1393:
1375:
1144:Embassy of Spain in Mexico City
1034:Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria
213:
2165:. 2 January 2014. p. 366.
1297:
1286:
1228:
1214:
1194:
929:(Spain) and the corresponding
905:Since June 2022, the Group of
206:. Likewise, the rights of the
13:
1:
4452:Bilateral relations of Mexico
3511:
1306:"'Mexican Schindler' honored"
1188:
1183:Spanish immigration to Mexico
945:(Spain) with its counterpart
897:, was distinguished with the
356:Relations in the 21st century
4457:Bilateral relations of Spain
4417:Diplomatic missions of Spain
1178:Mexican immigration to Spain
1076:Resident diplomatic missions
861:intangible cultural heritage
765:
618:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
447:National Indigenous Congress
150:and his indigenous mistress
7:
4426:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3522:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2631:Foreign relations of Mexico
1161:
1120:Embassy of Mexico in Madrid
627:(April and June 2012, 2014)
527:Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado
427:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
425:In 2019, Mexican President
276:reconquer its former colony
239:Mexican War of Independence
220:Mexican War of Independence
121:Spanish migration to Mexico
90:Mexican War of Independence
10:
4478:
3609:Foreign relations of Spain
3494:Rio Grande border disputes
1096:and consulates-general in
645:
217:
154:meeting the Aztec Emperor
135:
126:
86:Spanish conquest of Mexico
4409:
4393:
4357:
4136:
3941:
3790:
3779:
3615:
3517:
3506:
3424:
3410:
3399:
3377:
3346:
3150:
2964:
2776:
2655:
2651:
2637:
1686:El Periódico de Catalunya
1173:Embassy of Mexico, Madrid
1081:Mexico has an embassy in
1021:In 1997, Mexico signed a
885:live in Spain and retain
534:Carlos Salinas de Gortari
420:Military Emergencies Unit
342:Gilberto Bosques Saldívar
235:Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
162:The Spanish conquistador
78:
65:
54:
44:
35:
613:(1996, 2001, 2002, 2003)
557:(2007, 2008, 2010, 2012)
550:(2001, 2002, 2005, 2006)
188:Viceroyalty of New Spain
895:Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
847:University of Salamanca
410:On September 19, 2017,
4447:Mexico–Spain relations
4169:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3527:Diplomatic missions of
3489:Colorado river dispute
2375:. BBC. 10 August 2012.
974:Mexico House in Madrid
583:Juan Carlos I of Spain
509:
270:
229:in 1808, and the 1810
159:
113:shared common language
31:Mexico–Spain relations
18:Mexico-Spain relations
3551:Visa policy of Mexico
2914:Saint Kitts and Nevis
824:community development
602:King (and as Prince)
507:
466:Arancha González Laya
364:countries, including
264:
174:, the capital of the
146:Spanish conquistador
145:
4113:United Arab Emirates
3137:United Arab Emirates
2513:consulmex.sre.gob.mx
1023:Free Trade Agreement
921:between the city of
798:Cultural cooperation
749:Bilateral agreements
389:Miguel Ángel Mancera
350:Spanish royal family
4410:Diplomatic missions
3918:Trinidad and Tobago
2934:Trinidad and Tobago
2784:Antigua and Barbuda
2405:newamericamedia.org
2361:. 13 February 2023.
2321:. 6 September 2022.
2183:. 24 February 2023.
1885:"Untitled Document"
1668:. 10 February 2022.
1085:and a consulate in
958:Virgin of Guadalupe
863:, being emblems of
843:Instituto Cervantes
520:José López Portillo
493:José Manuel Albares
368:, have been accused
245:in 1821, after the
115:and stems from the
32:
27:Bilateral relations
3848:Dominican Republic
3541:Castañeda Doctrine
2849:Dominican Republic
2495:embamex.sre.gob.mx
2425:. 16 January 2017.
2341:. 6 February 2023.
2243:. 29 October 2022.
2223:. 26 October 2022.
2142:. 20 October 2022.
2084:. 11 October 2022.
2046:Gobierno de México
1925:presidencia.gob.mx
1909:. 8 December 1985.
1770:presidencia.gob.mx
927:Castilla-La Mancha
887:titles of nobility
625:Mariano Rajoy Brey
604:Felipe VI of Spain
599:(1985, 1987, 1991)
592:(1983, 1985, 2000)
562:Enrique Peña Nieto
510:
443:conquest of Mexico
401:Enrique Peña Nieto
330:Republican faction
271:
196:Laws of the Indies
160:
30:
4434:
4433:
3658:Equatorial Guinea
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3502:
3501:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
2688:Equatorial Guinea
2567:exteriores.gob.es
2549:exteriores.gob.es
2531:exteriores.gob.es
2301:. 12 August 2022.
2279:Henares aldía.com
2000:exteriores.gob.es
1718:. 1 October 1977.
1310:Los Angeles Times
1210:. 1 October 2021.
500:High-level visits
326:Spanish Civil War
267:Battle of Tampico
257:Post-independence
253:created in 1823.
247:Treaty of Córdoba
94:Spanish Civil War
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
4469:
4370:Marshall Islands
4016:Kurdistan Region
3785:
3748:Sahrawi Republic
3607:
3606:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3546:Estrada Doctrine
3536:Mexican diaspora
3508:
3507:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3369:Papua New Guinea
2738:Sahrawi Republic
2653:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2487:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2444:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2407:. February 2013.
2397:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2181:Radio Fórmula.mx
2173:
2167:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1927:. Archived from
1917:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:diputados.gob.mx
1820:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1802:diputados.gob.mx
1799:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1772:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1596:. 31 March 2019.
1584:
1578:
1577:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1556:. 28 March 2019.
1544:
1538:
1537:
1536:. 28 March 2019.
1526:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1466:. 13 March 2021.
1454:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1357:. Archived from
1352:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1258:. Archived from
1248:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1072:(among others).
994:Drug trafficking
983:
971:
943:Castile and León
835:Spanish language
812:entrepreneurship
740:
728:
716:
704:
692:
680:
668:
656:
632:Letizia of Spain
611:José María Aznar
371:
334:Francisco Franco
251:Mexican Republic
231:Grito de Dolores
170:on his arrival.
132:Spanish conquest
117:Spanish Conquest
70:
69:
59:
58:
40:
33:
29:
21:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4405:
4389:
4385:Solomon Islands
4353:
4289:North Macedonia
4132:
3937:
3786:
3777:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3569:
3560:
3513:
3498:
3420:
3406:
3389:
3373:
3342:
3146:
2960:
2772:
2647:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2579:
2574:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2455:economia.gob.mx
2450:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2263:. 15 June 2022.
2253:
2252:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1754:. 17 July 1992.
1746:
1745:
1741:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1677:
1673:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1616:. 2 April 2019.
1606:
1605:
1601:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1576:. 18 July 2021.
1566:
1565:
1561:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1506:
1502:
1497:. 2 April 2019.
1487:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1428:. 23 June 2015.
1420:
1419:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1287:
1279:Brian Hamnett,
1278:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1108:
1078:
1042:Santander Group
1019:
1017:Trade relations
996:
991:
990:
989:
988:
987:
984:
976:
975:
972:
881:Descendants of
800:
768:
751:
744:
741:
732:
729:
720:
717:
708:
705:
696:
693:
684:
681:
672:
669:
660:
657:
648:
637:Prime Minister
623:Prime Minister
616:Prime Minister
609:Prime Minister
597:Felipe González
595:Prime Minister
574:Prime Minister
555:Felipe Calderón
541:Ernesto Zedillo
502:
405:Angélica Rivera
369:
358:
311:Mexican liberal
280:Isidro Barradas
259:
222:
216:
140:
134:
129:
71:
67:
60:
56:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4349:United Kingdom
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4189:Czech Republic
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:United Nations
3431:
3429:European Union
3425:
3422:
3421:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3338:United Kingdom
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3193:Czech Republic
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
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2389:. Al Jazeera.
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2122:. 6 May 2022.
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2102:. 4 May 2022.
2101:
2100:El Comentario
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2064:Expo Flamenco
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1389:. 2010-02-03.
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4078:Saudi Arabia
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3633:Burkina Faso
3417:Multilateral
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3102:Saudi Arabia
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2748:South Africa
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2008:
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1987:
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1933:. Retrieved
1929:the original
1924:
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1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1859:
1856:"Mmh.org.mx"
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1778:. Retrieved
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1359:the original
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1107:
1031:
1020:
1008:
1004:
997:
955:
916:
904:
891:Tenochtitlan
880:
873:
851:
841:(UNAM), the
828:
801:
769:
752:
620:(2004, 2007)
568:
567:
564:(2014, 2018)
543:(1996, 2000)
512:
511:
490:
486:
463:
455:Moctezuma II
424:
409:
378:
359:
346:
323:
315:Napoleon III
284:
272:
230:
223:
214:Independence
176:Aztec Empire
172:Tenochtitlan
161:
156:Moctezuma II
98:
83:
4375:New Zealand
4339:Switzerland
4284:Netherlands
4083:South Korea
4068:Philippines
4053:North Korea
3949:Afghanistan
3858:El Salvador
3688:Ivory Coast
3439:Coffee Club
3364:New Zealand
3328:Switzerland
3273:Netherlands
3092:Philippines
3052:South Korea
3047:North Korea
2972:Afghanistan
2919:Saint Lucia
2859:El Salvador
2703:Ivory Coast
2240:El Comercio
1854:okler.net.
1841:casareal.es
1098:Guadalajara
1094:Mexico City
1066:Grupo Bimbo
931:Guadalajara
923:Guadalajara
820:gastronomic
548:Vicente Fox
416:Mexico City
324:During the
184:Mexico City
180:Tlaxcaltecs
152:La Malinche
4441:Categories
4401:Yugoslavia
4279:Montenegro
4259:Luxembourg
4118:Uzbekistan
4033:Kazakhstan
3964:Bangladesh
3959:Azerbaijan
3838:Costa Rica
3723:Mozambique
3713:Mauritania
3643:Cape Verde
3484:World Bank
3385:Yugoslavia
3263:Luxembourg
3042:Kazakhstan
2997:East Timor
2987:Bangladesh
2982:Azerbaijan
2834:Costa Rica
2723:Mozambique
2318:20 minutos
1935:2015-03-22
1870:2015-03-22
1860:mmh.org.mx
1780:2015-03-22
1534:Nación 321
1494:El Español
1368:2015-03-22
1331:sre.gob.mx
1266:2013-02-19
1189:References
1046:Telefónica
947:Valladolid
939:Valladolid
776:Air Europa
772:Aeroméxico
560:President
553:President
546:President
539:President
532:President
525:President
518:President
340:, France,
301:, and the
4365:Australia
4254:Lithuania
4088:Sri Lanka
4063:Palestine
3996:Indonesia
3979:Hong Kong
3933:Venezuela
3893:Nicaragua
3863:Guatemala
3798:Argentina
3531:in Mexico
3512:Diplomacy
3474:Rio Group
3419:relations
3354:Australia
3258:Lithuania
3112:Sri Lanka
3107:Singapore
3087:Palestine
3012:Indonesia
2956:Venezuela
2894:Nicaragua
2869:Guatemala
2789:Argentina
2646:relations
2644:Bilateral
2119:Excélsior
1355:colmex.mx
1102:Monterrey
1087:Barcelona
1025:with the
1011:los Zetas
792:World2Fly
788:Wamos Air
766:Transport
482:Caribbean
431:Argentina
397:Guadalupe
393:Zacatecas
381:Felipe VI
338:Marseille
287:Juan Prim
4421:in Spain
4329:Slovenia
4324:Slovakia
4304:Portugal
4224:Holy See
4174:Bulgaria
4103:Thailand
4058:Pakistan
4048:Malaysia
3913:Suriname
3903:Paraguay
3878:Honduras
3833:Colombia
3791:Americas
3663:Ethiopia
3638:Cameroon
3313:Slovenia
3308:Slovakia
3288:Portugal
3228:Holy See
3178:Bulgaria
3127:Thailand
3082:Pakistan
3072:Mongolia
3067:Malaysia
2929:Suriname
2904:Paraguay
2884:Honduras
2844:Dominica
2829:Colombia
2799:Barbados
2777:Americas
2768:Zimbabwe
2753:Tanzania
2693:Ethiopia
2509:"Inicio"
2491:"Inicio"
1891:. Spain.
1889:El Mundo
1440:"México"
1162:See also
919:twinning
912:heritage
857:flamenco
853:Mariachi
845:and the
831:academic
826:issues.
808:business
804:cultural
784:Iberojet
480:and the
474:COVID-19
360:Several
285:General
227:Napoleon
204:Americas
192:criollos
168:Veracruz
158:in 1519.
107:and the
4358:Oceania
4344:Ukraine
4309:Romania
4269:Moldova
4239:Ireland
4234:Iceland
4229:Hungary
4214:Germany
4204:Finland
4199:Estonia
4194:Denmark
4179:Croatia
4164:Belarus
4159:Belgium
4154:Austria
4149:Andorra
4144:Albania
4123:Vietnam
4043:Lebanon
3986:Georgia
3954:Armenia
3928:Uruguay
3883:Jamaica
3853:Ecuador
3813:Bolivia
3803:Bahamas
3773:Tunisia
3758:Somalia
3753:Senegal
3738:Nigeria
3728:Namibia
3718:Morocco
3698:Liberia
3623:Algeria
3479:UNECLAC
3347:Oceania
3333:Ukraine
3293:Romania
3243:Ireland
3238:Iceland
3233:Hungary
3218:Germany
3208:Finland
3203:Estonia
3198:Denmark
3183:Croatia
3173:Belgium
3168:Belarus
3163:Austria
3158:Andorra
3142:Vietnam
3062:Lebanon
3002:Georgia
2977:Armenia
2951:Uruguay
2889:Jamaica
2864:Grenada
2854:Ecuador
2809:Bolivia
2794:Bahamas
2758:Tunisia
2743:Senegal
2733:Nigeria
2728:Namibia
2718:Morocco
2663:Algeria
2423:El País
2298:Infobae
2014:"CCEMX"
1907:El País
1752:El País
1734:El País
1716:El País
1613:Infobae
1573:El País
1515:El País
1463:El País
1446:. 2017.
1407:. 2010.
1070:Softtek
1000:Sinaloa
951:Yucatán
935:Jalisco
869:Spanish
865:Mexican
816:tourism
646:Gallery
435:Bolivia
269:in 1829
202:in the
127:History
4394:Former
4334:Sweden
4319:Serbia
4314:Russia
4299:Poland
4294:Norway
4274:Monaco
4249:Latvia
4219:Greece
4209:France
4184:Cyprus
4137:Europe
4108:Turkey
4098:Taiwan
4038:Kuwait
4028:Jordan
4001:Israel
3969:Bhutan
3898:Panama
3888:Mexico
3868:Guyana
3823:Canada
3818:Brazil
3808:Belize
3743:Rwanda
3678:Guinea
3628:Angola
3616:Africa
3378:Former
3323:Sweden
3303:Serbia
3298:Russia
3283:Poland
3278:Norway
3268:Monaco
3253:Latvia
3223:Greece
3213:France
3188:Cyprus
3151:Europe
3132:Turkey
3122:Taiwan
3057:Kuwait
3037:Jordan
3027:Israel
2899:Panama
2874:Guyana
2819:Canada
2814:Brazil
2804:Belize
2763:Uganda
2668:Angola
2656:Africa
2139:Forbes
1970:. CNN.
1444:Gob.es
1281:Juárez
1224:. BBC.
1083:Madrid
1038:Mapfre
822:, and
780:Iberia
641:(2019)
634:(2017)
630:Queen
588:Queen
578:(1977)
536:(1992)
529:(1985)
522:(1977)
366:Mexico
295:France
291:Mexico
62:Mexico
4380:Palau
4264:Malta
4244:Italy
4128:Yemen
4093:Syria
4073:Qatar
4023:Japan
3991:India
3974:China
3873:Haiti
3828:Chile
3768:Sudan
3733:Niger
3703:Libya
3693:Kenya
3673:Ghana
3668:Gabon
3653:Egypt
3454:USMCA
3318:Spain
3248:Italy
3117:Syria
3097:Qatar
3032:Japan
3007:India
2992:China
2944:Texas
2879:Haiti
2824:Chile
2713:Libya
2708:Kenya
2698:Ghana
2683:Egypt
2451:(PDF)
2157:(PDF)
1996:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1798:(PDF)
1362:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1327:(PDF)
1062:Gruma
1058:Cemex
581:King
299:Spain
73:Spain
4011:Iraq
4006:Iran
3942:Asia
3908:Peru
3843:Cuba
3708:Mali
3359:Fiji
3077:Oman
3022:Iraq
3017:Iran
2965:Asia
2909:Peru
2839:Cuba
2673:Chad
1100:and
1068:and
1054:ALFA
1050:Zara
1048:and
867:and
855:and
790:and
758:and
383:and
119:and
3469:OEI
3464:OAS
3459:NIC
3449:IMF
3444:G20
2220:ABC
2200:ABC
2162:BOE
1593:ABC
949:in
941:in
933:in
925:in
876:PAN
433:or
374:ETA
274:to
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