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615:"It is more inhabited than other provinces; and its inhabitants, who are the least oppressed of any in New Spain, owe this favour to the alliance that their republican ancestors made with the disciplined robbers whom Cortés commanded, and who subdued the Mexican empire. They are the most intelligent of all the Americans subject to Spain."
638:
Following
Mexican independence, from 1885-1911 the Governor of Tlaxcala was Prospero Cahuantzi, himself of native Tlaxcaltec heritage. Cahuantzi promoted the preservation of indigenous Mexican culture and artifacts. He also possessed an indigenous Nahuatl surname, uncommon in post-colonial Mexico but
609:
Though nominally subjects of the
Spanish Empire, in practice Tlaxcala and the Tlaxcallans were largely free of Spanish authority, and jealously guarded their own independence and autonomy. The Spanish government recognized Tlaxcala as an allied city instead of a conquered one.
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As the
Mexican government does not recognize ethnicity by ancestry but by language spoken, the number of Tlaxcaltec people in Mexico is difficult to estimate. They are instead broadly grouped with other Nahuatl-speaking people known as
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
606:. Tlaxcala was given several special privileges, among them being a coat of arms and the right to petition the king directly to address grievances. Charles also declared that Tlaxcala should answer to no one but himself.
405:
described the younger
Xicotencatl as greatly suspicious of the Spanish and repeatedly interfering with their plans. He stated that Cortés eventually had Xicotencatl secretly executed, allowing noblemen from the city of
757:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of the memoirs of the conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo written by himself, containing a true and full account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico and New Spain (vol. 1 of 2)"
602:
In return for their assistance in toppling the Aztec Empire and other conquests, in 1534 the governor of
Tlaxcala, Maxixcatzin, demanded and was granted a personal audience with the King of Spain,
429:, hold noble titles, maintain Tlaxcaltec names and to rule their settlements autonomously. This privileged treatment ensured Tlaxcallan allegiance to Spain over the centuries, even during the
307:. Each of the four cities supposedly had equal say in this confederation, but eventually, the Nahuatl speakers became the dominant ethnic group. By the time of European contact, the city of
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The chief men (principals) of
Tlaxcala who go to new settlements -- and their descendants -- shall be permitted to carry arms and ride saddled horses without penalty.
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446:” itself, derive from Tlaxcallan Nahuatl. Tlaxcallan colonists also founded a number of settlements in Northern Mexico (including parts of present-day southeastern
498:
No grants of land for the largest livestock (ganado mayor: cattle, horses, mules, oxen) shall be allowed within three leagues (9 miles) of
Tlaxcalan settlements.
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647:. As of the 2010 Mexican census, there were estimated to be more than 23,000 Nahuatl-speakers in Tlaxcala. By 2020, that number had risen to over 27,000.
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The
Tlaxcalan settlers and their descendants would be Hidalgos (noblemen) in perpetuity, free from tribute, taxes, and personal service for all time.
418:
450:), where conquest of local tribes by the Spaniards had proved unsuccessful. They settled areas inhabited by nomadic bellicose tribes (known as the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The
Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe
626:
The
Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe
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Before embarking on their journeys, the Tlaxcalans demanded and received numerous rights and privileges for their service to Spain.
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prevalent in Tlaxcala due to their previous alliance with Spain, which protected them from imposed Spanish baptismal names.
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For two years, the Tlaxcalans going north should be given the necessary provisions and clothing for up to two years.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
421:, the Tlaxcaltecs enjoyed exclusive privileges among the indigenous peoples of Mexico, including the right to carry
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The markets in new settlements shall be free from, exempt from sales tax, and all forms of taxation, for 30 years.
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They will live separately from the Chichimecas, and this will apply to their lots, pastures, and fishing rights.
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The leaders of the four cities of Tlaxcala agreed to accept Christianity, and in July of 1520 were baptized.
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They will not be compelled to settle with Spaniards. They will live in their own districts (barrios).
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Eager to overthrow the Aztecs, their hated enemies for a century, the Tlaxcaltecs allied with
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The Tlaxcaltecs were originally a conglomeration of three distinct ethnic groups who spoke
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The Tlaxcaltec colonies in the Chichimeca included settlements in the modern states of
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Tlaxcalan warriors fighting against warriors from Texcoco, Cuauhtepec and Ocelotepec.
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and providing a key contingent of the invasion force. At the time, their
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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454:) to pacify the local indigenous groups hostile to the Spanish Crown.
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They would receive aid in cultivation of their fields for two years.
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image depicting Tlaxcaltec soldiers leading a Spanish soldier to
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1080:"The Náhuatl Language of Mexico: From Aztlán to the Present Day"
326:. Later wars between the Tlaxcallans and the Aztecs were called
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Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Tlaxcaltec officers and soldiers also participated in the
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to this template: there are already 942 articles in the
905:"When Tlaxcalan Natives Went to War in the Philippines"
697:
Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control
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Painting in the Americas before European colonization
58:
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699:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 130.
295:and Pinome that comprised the four city-states (
2586:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2571:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
564:, and Santiago de las Sabinas, today known as
436:The Tlaxcaltecs were also instrumental in the
322:, the Tlaxcaltecs were never conquered by the
100:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1164:
953:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
881:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
857:"The Tlaxcalan Migrations to Northern Mexico"
146:Tlaxcaltecatl (singular) Tlaxcalteca (plural)
1104:"Ethnic Identity in the 2020 Mexican Census"
1055:"Ethnic Identity in the 2020 Mexican Census"
845:Historia antigua y de la conquista de México
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2576:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
375:and were instrumental in the invasion of
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311:was effectively controlling Tlaxcala.
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1127:Association, Texas State Historical.
395:, was prince and heir to the throne.
263:was instrumental in overthrowing the
721:The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico
174:Regions with significant populations
112:{{Translated|es|Pueblo tlaxcalteca}}
18:
1604:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
733:"The Roots of Tlaxcalan Resentment"
593:Spanish conquest of the Philippines
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2596:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
1575:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
1133:Texas State Historical Association
1023:Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos
14:
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1587:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
1558:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1006:. London: R. Baldwin. p. 25.
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684:Tlaxcala in the Sixteenth Century
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1580:Archaeological sites in Colombia
1553:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
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1078:Schmal, John P. (2020-07-22).
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314:Despite early attempts by the
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2507:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
1568:Archaeological sites in Chile
582:San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala
438:Spanish conquest of Guatemala
2669:Indigenous peoples in Mexico
2601:Mesoamerican writing systems
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1597:Archaeological sites in Peru
823:10.1080/10609164.2012.730665
805:Megged, Amos (August 2013).
419:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
2497:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
1017:Sumner, Jaclyn Ann (2019).
584:in Coahuila, today part of
431:Mexican War of Independence
82:will aid in categorization.
16:Indigenous people of Mexico
10:
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2523:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2426:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
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255:people who originate from
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1059:www.indigenousmexico.org
1000:Kitchin, Thomas (1778).
717:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
669:
387:or king was a man named
342:Spanish colonial history
2679:Ethnic groups in Mexico
2529:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
1375:Mesoamerican chronology
843:Manuel Orozco y Berra,
682:Charles Gibson (1952),
393:Xicotencatl the Younger
371:and his fellow Spanish
261:Confederacy of Tlaxcala
121:For more guidance, see
1232:Archaeological periods
617:
364:
277:Independence of Mexico
2659:Mesoamerican cultures
2535:List of Conquistadors
2422:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1833:Quebrada de Humahuaca
1252:Caddoan Mississippian
695:Hassig, Ross (1988).
634:Post-colonial history
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391:, and his son, named
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283:Pre-Columbian history
226:Related ethnic groups
123:Knowledge:Translation
94:copyright attribution
2502:Francisco de Montejo
2430:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
1543:Andean civilizations
1470:Shaft tomb tradition
597:Philippine languages
251:, are an indigenous
2664:History of Tlaxcala
2468:Manco Inca Yupanqui
1773:Manteño-Huancavilca
1242:Ancestral Puebloans
1129:"Tlaxcalan Indians"
267:in 1521, alongside
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2591:Columbian exchange
2581:Portal:Mesoamerica
1733:La Tolita (Tumaco)
1548:Indigenous peoples
1287:Hopewell tradition
1214:Indigenous peoples
909:Latino Book Review
660:American Southwest
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357:Lienzo de Tlaxcala
348:Indian auxiliaries
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102:interlanguage link
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1108:Indigenous Mexico
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861:Indigenous Mexico
761:www.gutenberg.org
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76:main category
73:
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41:
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34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
2674:Nahua people
2626:
2559:
2409:Moctezuma II
2366:Inca history
2291:Andean Music
2235:Architecture
2230:Architecture
2225:Architecture
2220:Architecture
2216:Architecture
2210:Gender Roles
1955:Tenochtitlan
1878:Timoto–Cuica
1873:Tierradentro
1658:Casma–Sechin
1494:
1390:Chalcatzingo
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
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377:Tenochtitlan
366:
328:xochiyaoyatl
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296:
286:
265:Aztec Empire
248:
244:
242:
136:Ethnic group
98:edit summary
89:
69:
43:
35:
2472:Túpac Amaru
2456:Manco Cápac
2405:Moctezuma I
2316:Agriculture
2311:Agriculture
2306:Agriculture
2297:Agriculture
2240:Road System
2129:Mathematics
1994:Muysc Cubun
1848:San Agustín
1798:Monte Verde
1475:Teotihuacan
1367:Mesoamerica
1262:Coles Creek
1247:Anishinaabe
1204:Archaeology
389:Xicotencatl
332:flower wars
249:Tlaxcaltecs
245:Tlaxcallans
216:Catholicism
2653:Categories
2443:Tisquesusa
2417:Cuauhtémoc
2413:Cuitláhuac
1743:Lauricocha
1713:Gran Chaco
1703:Cupisnique
1688:Chinchorro
1663:Chachapoya
1653:Caral–Supe
1495:Tlaxcaltec
1485:Teuchitlán
1400:Chupícuaro
1327:Plum Bayou
1322:Plaquemine
1292:Marksville
1257:Chichimeca
1138:2024-04-01
1113:2024-03-16
1089:2021-07-26
1064:2024-03-31
1040:2024-03-16
986:2024-04-09
962:2024-04-09
938:2024-03-17
914:2024-03-16
890:2024-03-29
866:2024-03-29
791:2021-07-26
781:"Tlaxcala"
766:2024-03-28
742:2024-03-29
656:California
570:Nuevo León
550:Nuevo León
452:Chichimeca
408:Ocotelolco
346:See also:
301:Tlaxcallān
140:Tlaxcaltec
45:(May 2023)
40:in Spanish
2464:Atahualpa
2460:Pachacuti
2435:Nemequene
2301:Chinampas
2123:Astronomy
2112:Astronomy
2092:Mythology
2087:Mythology
2082:Mythology
2077:Mythology
2073:Mythology
1903:Wankarani
1893:Tuncahuán
1783:Marajoara
1738:Las Vegas
1624:Atacameño
1520:Xochipala
1460:Purépecha
1420:Epi-Olmec
1410:Cuicuilco
1352:Troyville
1342:St. Johns
1029:: 61–87.
831:1060-9164
604:Charles V
562:Guadalupe
558:Zacatecas
443:Guatemala
336:sacrifice
279:in 1821.
271:from the
194:Languages
116:talk page
68:Consider
2560:See also
2478:Conquest
2451:Zoratama
2118:Calendar
2107:Calendar
2102:Calendar
2098:Calendar
2067:Religion
2062:Religion
2051:Religion
2040:Religion
2036:Religion
2025:Numerals
2019:Numerals
1980:Language
1960:Multiple
1898:Valdivia
1883:Tiwanaku
1843:Saladoid
1838:Quimbaya
1728:Kuhikugu
1708:Diaguita
1698:Chorrera
1515:Veraguas
1510:Veracruz
1490:Tlatilco
1302:Mogollon
1209:Cultures
1187:Americas
586:Saltillo
574:Colotlán
538:Coahuila
385:Tlatoani
309:Tizatlan
305:Tlaxcala
297:altepetl
210:Religion
184:Tlaxcala
92:provide
2447:Tundama
2376:Peoples
2361:History
2356:History
2351:History
2347:History
2341:Cuisine
2336:Cuisine
2331:Cuisine
2326:Cuisine
2322:Cuisine
2180:Warfare
2175:Warfare
2170:Warfare
2166:Warfare
2160:Society
2155:Economy
2144:Society
2139:Society
2135:Society
2005:Writing
1999:Quechua
1984:Nahuatl
1951:Capital
1888:Toyopán
1868:Tairona
1778:Mapuche
1693:Chiripa
1668:Chancay
1639:Cañaris
1614:Amotape
1609:El Abra
1525:Zapotec
1505:Totonac
1480:Tepanec
1465:Quelepa
1435:Mezcala
1425:Huastec
1395:Cholula
1385:Capacha
1380:Acolhua
1337:Sinagua
1312:Patayan
1282:Hohokam
1272:Fremont
785:HISTORY
578:Jalisco
546:Jalisco
542:Durango
463:Number
425:, ride
417:in the
381:Anahuac
289:Nahuatl
204:Spanish
200:Nahuatl
114:to the
96:in the
42:.
2390:Muisca
2385:Mayans
2380:Aztecs
2014:Script
2009:Script
1969:Bacatá
1940:Muisca
1823:Pucará
1818:Piaroa
1813:Paiján
1808:Omagua
1763:Lupaca
1758:Lokono
1723:Kalina
1718:Huetar
1678:Chavín
1673:Chango
1648:Nariño
1644:Capulí
1634:Calima
1629:Aymara
1619:Arawak
1500:Toltec
1450:Olmecs
1445:Nicoya
1440:Mixtec
1415:Diquis
1317:Picosa
1307:Oshara
1277:Glades
1267:Dorset
829:
703:
658:, the
645:Nahuas
628:, 1778
580:; and
427:horses
361:Chalco
320:Mexica
316:Aztecs
259:. The
232:Nahuas
180:Mexico
2395:Incas
2286:Music
2281:Music
2276:Music
2272:Music
2205:Women
2200:Women
2195:Women
2191:Women
2149:Trade
2030:Quipu
1974:Cusco
1965:Hunza
1930:Aztec
1863:Taíno
1858:Sican
1853:Shuar
1803:Nazca
1793:Mollo
1788:Moche
1768:Luzia
1683:Chimú
1455:Pipil
1430:Izapa
1405:Coclé
1347:Thule
1237:Adena
670:Notes
652:Texas
568:, in
448:Texas
299:) of
293:Otomi
253:Nahua
247:, or
236:Otomi
59:DeepL
2185:Army
1967:and
1945:Inca
1935:Maya
1913:Zenú
1908:Wari
1753:Lima
827:ISSN
701:ISBN
662:and
556:and
423:guns
243:The
90:must
88:You
2266:Art
2261:Art
2256:Art
2251:Art
2247:Art
1031:doi
819:doi
576:in
303:or
186:),
61:or
2655::
2504:)
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620:-
363:.
330:(
182:(
125:.
118:.
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