79:
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91:
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325:
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1770:. Although many native residents died during the siege of Tenochtitlan, the indigenous still had a strong presence in the city, and were settled in two main areas of the island, designated San Juan Tenochtitlan and Santiago Tlatelolco, each with a municipal council that functioned the entire colonial period. San Juan Tenochtitlan was a Spanish administrative creation, which amalgamated four indigenous sections, with each losing territory to the Spanish
1839:
65:
1864:, was dismantled and the central district of the Spanish colonial city was constructed on top of it. The great temple was destroyed by the Spanish during the construction of a cathedral. The location of the Templo Mayor was rediscovered in the early 20th century, but major excavations did not take place until 1978–1982, after utility workers came across a massive stone disc depicting the nude dismembered body of the moon goddess
715:
1618:, who was left in charge, worried that the natives planned a surprise attack. He captured three natives and tortured them until they said that this was indeed planned to happen. During the festival, the Spaniards came heavily armed and closed off every exit from the courtyard so that no one would escape. This happened during their last days in Tenochtitlan.
1499:
Although some popular sources put the number as high as 350,000 the most common estimates of the population are of over 200,000 people. One of the few comprehensive academic surveys of
Mesoamerican city and town sizes arrived at a population of 212,500 living on 13.5 km (5.2 sq mi). It
702:") and is often thought to mean, "Among the prickly pears rocks." However, one attestation in the late 16th-century manuscript known as "the Bancroft dialogues" suggest the second vowel was short, so that the true etymology remains uncertain. However, it is also thought that the city was named after
1792:
There are a number of colonial-era pictorial manuscripts dealing with
Tenochtitlan–Tlatelolco, which shed light on litigation between Spaniards and indigenous over property. An account with information about the war of Tenochtitlan against its neighbor Tlatelolco in 1473 and the Spanish conquest in
1673:
When they arrived, they were captured and two were killed, the other two escaping through the woods. Upon their return to Vera Cruz, the officer in charge was infuriated, and led troops to storm Almería. Here they learned that
Moctezuma was supposedly the one who ordered the officers executed. Back
1903:
In August 1987, archaeologists discovered a mix of 1,789 human bones five meters (16 ft 5 in) below street level in Mexico City. The burial dates back to the 1480s and lies at the foot of the main temple in the sacred ceremonial precinct of the Aztec capital. The bones are from children,
1670:, asking to become a vassal of the Spaniards. He requested that officials be sent to him so that he could confirm his submission. To reach the province, the officers would have to travel through hostile land. The officer in charge of Vera Cruz decided to send four officers to meet with Qualpopoca.
1342:
Status was displayed by the location and type of house where a person lived. Ordinary people lived in houses made of reeds plastered with mud and roofed with thatch. People who were better off had houses of adobe brick with flat roofs. The wealthy had houses of stone masonry with flat roofs. They
787:
The city was connected to the mainland by bridges and causeways leading to the north, south, and west. The causeways were interrupted by bridges that allowed canoes and other water traffic to pass freely. The bridges could be pulled away, if necessary, to protect the city. The city was interlaced
929:
When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments (...) on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked
1782:
in a checker board pattern, with straight streets and plazas at intervals, whereas the indigenous portions of the city were irregular in layout and built of modest materials. In the colonial period both San Juan
Tenochtitlan and Santiago Tlatelolco retained jurisdiction over settlements on the
1644:
They were then brought to a large house that would serve as their home for their stay in the city. Once they were settled, Moctezuma himself sat down and spoke with Cortés. The great ruler declared that anything that they needed would be theirs to have. He was thrilled to have visitors of such
1711:
to which they had no immunity. Symptoms were often delayed for up to ten days, when the infection would spread throughout the body, causing sores, pain, and high fever. People were weak to the point that they could not move, nor obtain food and water. Burial of the dead became difficult to
1461:
arrived in
Tenochtitlan on 8 November 1519. Although there are not precise numbers, the city's population has been estimated at between 200,000 and 400,000 inhabitants, placing Tenochtitlan among the largest cities in the world at that time. Compared to the cities of Europe, only
1382:
people, founded in 1325. The state religion of the Mexica civilization awaited the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: the wandering tribes would find the destined site for a great city whose location would be signaled by an eagle with a snake in its beak perched atop a cactus
1358:
is a group of families related by either kinship or proximity. These groups consist of both elite members of Aztec society and commoners. Elites provided commoners with arable land and nonagricultural occupations, and commoners performed services for chiefs and gave tribute.
1803:- and Spanish-language testaments. On the 13th of August 1521, after over two months of fighting,Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés succeeded in bringing about the fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire, and consequently brought an end to the Aztec empire
1789:) were able to gain their autonomy with their own rulers and separate relationship with the Spanish rulers. Concern about the health of the indigenous population in early post-conquest Mexico–Tenochtitlan led to the founding of a royal hospital for indigenous residents.
1740:
Cortés founded the
Spanish capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan. Despite the extensive damage to the built environment, the site retained symbolic power and legitimacy as the capital of the Aztec empire, which Cortés sought to appropriate. For a time this
1689:
for over 90 days, causing a famine. Having gained control, he then directed the systematic destruction and leveling of the city; and began its rebuilding, despite opposition. The reconstruction involved the creation of a central area designated for
Spanish use (the
1891:
was located in the ruins. This stone is 4 meters (13 ft 1 in) in diameter and weighs over 18.1 metric tons (20 short tons; 17.9 long tons). It was once located half-way up the great pyramid. This sculpture was carved around 1470 under the rule of King
1500:
is also said that at one time, Moctezuma had rule over an empire of almost five million people in central and southern Mexico because he had extended his rule to surrounding territories to gain tribute and prisoners to sacrifice to the gods.
1871:
The ruins, constructed over seven periods, were built on top of each other. The resulting weight of the structures caused them to sink into the sediment of Lake
Texcoco; the ruins now rest at an angle instead of horizontally.
1105:
In the center of the city were the public buildings, temples, and palaces. Inside a walled square, 500 meters (1,600 ft) to a side, was the ceremonial center. There were about 45 public buildings, including: the
1763:
or town council, which had jurisdiction over the
Spanish residents. The Spanish established a Europeans-only zone in the center of the city, an area of 13 blocks in each direction of the central plaza, which was the
569:. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then
2923:
2314:
Bernal Diaz Del
Castillo, "The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521", Edited by Genaro Garcia, Translated with an Introduction and Notes?, pp. 269–, A. P. Maudslay, first pub 1928
2058:
1015:
reported that they were wide enough for ten horses. Surrounding the raised causeways were artificial floating gardens with canal waterways and gardens of plants, shrubs, and trees. The
1712:
impossible, due to the pervasiveness of the people's illness. The people of Tenochtitlan began to starve and weaken. The death toll rose steadily over the course of the next 60 days.
3550:
930:
whether the things that we saw were not a dream? (...) I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about.
1343:
most likely made up the house complexes that were arranged around the inner court. The higher officials in Tenochtitlan lived in the great palace complexes that made up the city.
3520:
1082:
provides a more conservative population estimate of 20,000 on ordinary days and 40,000 on feast days. There were also specialized markets in the other central Mexican cities.
1680:, Cortés detained Moctezuma and questioned him. Though no serious conclusions were reached, this negatively affected the relationship between Moctezuma and the Spaniards.
3262:. XVI Congreso Internacional de Planificación y de la Habitación. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1938.
1645:
stature. Although the Spaniards were seeking gold, Moctezuma expressed that he had very little of the sort, but all of it was to be given to Cortés if he desired it.
1165:
Outside was the palace of Moctezuma with 100 rooms, each with its own bath, for the lords and ambassadors of allies and conquered people. Also located nearby was the
3183:, vol. 1. edited by W.T. Sanders et al., 149–202. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; University Park: Pennsylvania State University 2003.
3003:
877:. This was intended mainly for cleaning and washing. For drinking, water from mountain springs was preferred. Most of the population liked to bathe twice a day;
78:
1162:; the Eagle's House, which was associated with warriors and the ancient power of rulers; the platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice; and some minor temples.
883:
was said to take four baths a day. According to the context of Aztec culture in literature, the soap that they most likely used was the root of a plant called
1633:. Cortés dismounted and was greeted by the ruler and his lords, but forbidden to touch him. Cortés gave him a necklace of crystals, placing it over his neck.
1372:
1421:
A thriving culture developed, and the Mexica civilization came to dominate other tribes around Mexico. The small natural island was perpetually enlarged as
3173:. Eds. Pedro Carrasco and Johanna Broda, pp. 97–114. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones Superiores del Instituto de Antropología e Historia, 1978.
3525:
2059:
http://www.famsi.org/research/pohl/sites/tenochtitlan.html#:~:text=Scholars%20estimate%20that%20between%20200%2C000,the%20mainland%20into%20the%20city
1231:. The aquarium had ten ponds of salt water and ten ponds of fresh water, containing various fish and aquatic birds. Places like this also existed in
3545:
3530:
2931:
27:
1281:
Tenochtitlan can be considered the most complex society in Mesoamerica in regard to social stratification. The complex system involved many
3151:
Townsend, Camilla. Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006. Print.
3176:
Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan in the Early Colonial Period." Acts of the XLII International Congress of Americanists 8, 1976 (1979) 35–40.
3500:
90:
3361:
1099:
345:
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1783:
mainland that they could draw on for labor and tribute demanded by the Spanish, but increasingly those subordinate settlements (
3378:
2831:
Glass, John B. in collaboration with Donald Robertson. "A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts". article 23,
2087:
1579:
chose to welcome Cortés as an ambassador rather than risk a war which might quickly be joined by aggrieved indigenous people.
3535:
3308:
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2292:
2130:
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213:
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38:
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3198:
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1811:
317:
110:
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3142:
3021:
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2721:
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987:. There were three main streets that crossed the city, each leading to one of the three causeways to the mainland of
776:, which by that time were gradually disappearing to the west; the city ended more or less at the present location of
3039:
1307:, or eagle nobles, were commoners who impressed the nobles with their martial prowess, and were treated as nobles.
1698:, continued to be governed by the previous indigenous elite and was divided into the same subdivisions as before.
3510:
3505:
3230:
Mundy, Barbara E. "Mapping the Aztec Capital: the 1524 Nuremberg Map of Tenochtitlan, Its Sources and Meanings."
1625:(4.83 km). Walking down the center came Moctezuma II, with two lords at his side, one his brother, the ruler of
1561:
745:
covered an estimated 8 to 13.5 km (3.1 to 5.2 sq mi), situated on the western side of the shallow
2855:
Glass and Robertson. "A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts". article 23, census #211 p. 167.
3406:
3373:
3206:
566:
1329:
were merchants who traveled all of Mesoamerica trading. The membership of this class was based on heredity.
3450:
3445:
3401:
3383:
1918:
1799:. Anthropologist Susan Kellogg has studied colonial-era inheritance patterns of Nahuas in Mexico City, using
1390:
509:
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1301:
were noblemen who were relatives of leaders and former leaders, and lived in the confines of the island.
1320:
1277:
Reconstruction of an Aztec market in Tenochtitlan in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
2999:
1880:
1755:, to what he called "The City", with later historians building on his work. The Spaniards established a
1012:
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920:
bath, which is still used in the south of Mexico. This was also popular in other Mesoamerican cultures.
3396:
3186:
3105:
2557:
1883:, is located at the site of Tenochtitlan's original central plaza and market, and many of the original
1868:. The disc is 3.25 meters (10 ft 8 in) in diameter, and is held at the Templo Mayor Museum.
1748:
1747:, the highest rank in the Spanish hierarchy of settlement designation, was called Mexico–Tenochtitlan.
3515:
3301:
1532:
1496:. Cortes' men were in awe at the sight of the splendid city and many wondered if they were dreaming.
836:
2175:
Biar, Alexandra (2021). "Navigation Paths and Urbanism in the Basin of Mexico Before the Conquest".
1454:, which was between 1486 and 1502, in a style that made it one of the grandest ever in Mesoamerica.
34:
1928:
1913:
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could become very rich because they did not pay taxes, but they had to sponsor the ritual feast of
1137:
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were divided by channels used for transportation, with wood bridges that were removed at night.
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64:
2597:
1493:
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1888:
1509:
1234:
862:
849:
841:. Estimated to be 12 to 16 km (7.5 to 9.9 mi) in length, the levee was completed
582:
458:
209:
2528:. Denevan, William M. (2nd ed.). Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. 1992.
1418:
system (misnamed as "floating gardens") for agriculture and to dry and expand the island.
1410:. Not deterred by the unfavourable terrain, they set about building their city, using the
8:
3430:
2284:
2092:
2041:
1820:
493:
384:
3269:. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archeology 20. Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks 1979.
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teenagers and adults. A complete skeleton of a young woman was also found at the site.
1730:
Districts of Tenochtitlan overlaid on a map of modern streets of Mexico City, with the
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145:
2712:"The Colonial Spanish-American City: Urban Life in the Age of Atlantic Capitalism",
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2012:
2007:
1993:
1971:
1957:
1667:
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were the highest class, rulers of various parts of the empire, including the king.
1224:
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683:
574:
398:
1609:
1113:
904:
806:
1431:. Commercial routes were developed that brought goods from places as far as the
1273:
3162:
Calnek, Edward. "Settlement Pattern and Chinampa Agriculture at Tenochtitlan."
3113:
2713:
1640:
Mexica pyramid of Ehecatl in the Metro Pino Suárez station, Mexico City Subway.
1471:
1432:
155:
2797:
Leiby, John S. (1995). "The Royal Indian Hospital of Mexico City, 1553–1680".
2357:"Newspaper About the Country that the Spaniards Found in 1521, Called Yucatan"
2188:
615:
are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of
3479:
3223:
3215:
3179:
Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco: the Natural History of a City." In
3066:
3031:
3013:
2573:
Conquistador: Hernán Cortés, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs
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1900:, and is said to tell the history of the Mexicas and to prophesy the future.
1622:
593:
425:
412:
173:
125:
112:
2459:"Myth, Environment, and the Orientation of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan"
1726:
3204:
Molina Montes, Augusto F. (December 1980). "The building of Tenochtitlan".
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1865:
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1831:
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Nobles lined each side of the city's main causeway, which extended about a
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The Mexica saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in Lake
792:, so that all sections of the city could be visited either on foot or via
292:
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The city had great symmetry. All constructions had to be approved by the
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were commoners who lived outside the island city of Tenochtitlan. The
1074:'s sister city. Cortés estimated it was twice the size of the city of
1893:
1449:
1075:
908:). Also, the upper classes and pregnant women washed themselves in a
891:
522:
262:
3258:
Toussaint, Manuel, Federico Gómez de Orozco, and Justino Fernández,
1876:
1838:
805:
was the largest of five interconnected lakes. Since it formed in an
3012:(trans.) (sixth printing (1973) ed.). Harmondsworth, England:
2971:
2958:
Cohen, Sara E. (March 1972). "How the Aztecs Appraised Montezuma".
2474:
1655:
1601:
1413:
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Adding even more complexity to Aztec social stratification was the
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1228:
1174:
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1027:
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956:
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816:
638:
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596:
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766:. The city extended from north to south, from the north border of
1800:
1595:
1489:
1385:
1339:
from the wealth that they obtained from their trade expeditions.
1213:
1023:
990:
699:
674:
1378:
Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Mexican civilization of the
1475:
1467:
1379:
1217:
1121:
714:
703:
648:
476:
302:
26:"México-Tenochtitlan" redirects here. For the bus station, see
3286:
3120:
American Holocaust: Columbus and the conquest of the New World
2839:. University of Texas Press 1975, census #209, 210 p. 166–167.
1220:. About 300 people were dedicated to the care of the animals.
728:
is the southern part of the main island. The northern part is
2125:
p. 225, Texas linguistic series, University of Texas, Austin
1897:
1463:
917:
824:
793:
789:
773:
752:
At the time of Spanish conquests, Mexico City comprised both
3169:
Calnek, Edward. "El sistema de mercado en Tenochtitlan." In
3102:
La vida cotidiana de los aztecas en visperas de la conquista
2420:"Temptation and Glory in One Pima and Two Aztec Mythologies"
1209:
858:
and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east.
33:
For the municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, see
2342:
2340:
2338:
1154:
or rack of skulls; the Sun Temple, which was dedicated to
865:, each more than 4 km (2.5 mi) long and made of
2998:
1474:
might have rivaled it. It was five times the size of the
1201:
878:
869:, provided the city with fresh water from the springs at
3551:
16th-century disestablishments in the Aztec civilization
3246:
The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the Life of Mexico City
3237:
Mundy, Barbara E. "Place-Names in Mexico-Tenochtitlan."
2765:
The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the Life of Mexico City
1060:(marketplace), but there was also a main marketplace in
3171:
Economía política e ideología en el México prehispánico
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Law and the Transformation of Aztec Culture, 1500–1700
2082:
2080:
623:
contains what remains of the geography (water, boats,
3521:
14th-century establishments in the Aztec civilization
2096:(in Spanish). No. 54. p. 76. Archived from
1482:. In a letter to the Spanish king, Cortés wrote that
1427:
grew to become the largest and most powerful city in
2319:
1658:, the officer left in charge received a letter from
1598:. At this event the most prominent warriors of each
896:), and to clean their clothes they used the root of
3181:
El Urbanismo en Mesoamérica/Urbanism in Mesoamerica
2077:
1373:
monument commemorating the founding of Tenochtitlan
3130:
3117:
3112:
3096:
2960:Society for History Education: The History Teacher
2456:
583:captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521
3038:
2595:
2457:Aveni, A. F.; Calnek, E. E.; Hartung, H. (1988).
3477:
1188:, a functionary in charge of the city planning.
1110:, which was dedicated to the Aztec patron deity
3210:. Vol. 158, no. 6. pp. 753–764.
3128:
2948:
1751:devotes the final chapter of his classic work,
3124:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
2986:
2957:
2596:Butterworth, Douglas; Chance, John K. (1981).
2276:
1100:National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico City
1022:The earliest European images of the city were
3302:
3203:
2921:
2526:The Native population of the Americas in 1492
2072:La Fundación de la Ciudad de México 1325–1925
1887:still correspond to modern city streets. The
1853:(The foundation of Mexico) – Tenochtitlán by
1794:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1756:
1742:
1731:
1094:A picture of Tenochtitlan and a model of the
777:
504:Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco
3193:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
3044:"City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica"
2875:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1995.
1796:Anales de Mexico y Tlatelolco, 1473, 1521–22
981:, or 'big house', was crossed by streets or
577:. The city was the capital of the expanding
3267:State and Cosmos in the Art of Tenochtitlan
2767:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2016.
2754:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
3309:
3295:
2953:. New York, New York: Thames & Hudson.
2716:, University of Texas Press, 2005, p. 20,
1776:. The Spanish laid out the streets of the
1446:, the city was rebuilt during the rule of
1191:
1042:The Tlatelolco Marketplace as depicted at
89:
77:
28:México-Tenochtitlan (Mexico City Metrobús)
3526:Populated places established in the 1320s
3248:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2015.
1606:would dance in front of a huge statue of
1435:, the Pacific Ocean and perhaps even the
946:The city was divided into four zones, or
833:" was constructed, reputedly designed by
37:. For the Mexico City Metro station, see
16:Former city-state in the Valley of Mexico
1860:Tenochtitlan's main temple complex, the
1845:
1837:
1826:
1810:
1725:
1694:). The outer Indian section, now dubbed
1635:
1560:
1366:
1272:
1089:
1078:with about 60,000 people trading daily.
1037:
713:
95:First European map of Tenochtitlan, 1524
3546:1521 disestablishments in North America
3531:Populated places disestablished in 1521
1654:, Cortés came up against problems. At
1402:, a vision that is now immortalized in
3478:
3137:. New York, New York: Crescent Books.
2242:
2217:
2207:– via Cambridge Journals Online.
2149:
2006:
1992:
1970:
1956:
972:
693:
682:
3290:
2992:Five Letters of Cortés to the Emperor
2951:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
2917:
2915:
2796:
1389:), which had grown from the heart of
83:Tenochtitlan and Lake Texcoco in 1519
2994:. Morris J.Baynard (ed. and trans.).
2884:
2570:
2417:
2174:
2008:[meːˈʃíʔkotenoːt͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
1513:
450:Unclear date, declared 13 March 1325
352:
324:
2887:Archaeology of Native North America
2837:Handbook of Middle American Indians
2280:Handbook to life in the Aztec world
2123:An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl
1994:[meːˈʃíʔkotenot͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
1085:
977:, meaning "large house"); and each
13:
3155:
2912:
2811:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1995.tb02021.x
14:
3567:
3501:Former populated places in Mexico
3274:
2741:Townsend, Camilla. 2006, 109–110.
2640:Townsend, Camilla. 2006. 102–103.
2513:A Very Short History of the World
2088:"Tenochtitlán, la capital Azteca"
1268:
1171:, or house of the songs, and the
651:) on the island, the other being
581:in the 15th century until it was
39:Zócalo/Tenochtitlan metro station
3464:
3281:A Portrait of Tenochtitlan, 1518
2922:A.R. Williams (29 August 2012).
2833:Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources
1569:When Cortés and his men invaded
1518:
852:-fed water in the waters around
718:The western side of the shallow
588:At its peak, it was the largest
351:
344:
323:
316:
291:
267:
63:
3316:
2942:
2903:
2878:
2865:
2849:
2825:
2790:
2777:
2757:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2589:
2564:
2518:
2505:
2450:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2349:
2308:
2277:Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (2006).
2270:
2261:
2236:
2211:
2074:Editorial CVLTURA pp. 5, 55, 56
1715:
1033:
954:was divided into 20 districts (
2168:
2143:
2112:
2064:
2052:
2034:
1977:
1941:
567:historic center of Mexico City
1:
3260:Planos de la Ciudad de México
3191:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2752:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2575:. Bantam Books. p. 106.
2070:Castillo Ledon, Luis (1925).
2027:
1919:List of Mesoamerican pyramids
1842:The ruins of the Templo Mayor
1834:of Mexico-Tenochtitlan ruins.
1753:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
1683:Cortés subsequently besieged
1321:slaves or indentured servants
923:
842:
3536:Artificial islands of Mexico
3241:61 (2) Spring 2014. 329–355.
3133:Wonders of the Ancient World
2685:Cortés, Hernan. 1520, p. 73.
1565:The Conquest of Tenochtitlan
709:
662:
7:
3104:(in Spanish). Mexico City:
2599:Latin American urbanization
1972:[tenoːt͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
1907:
1531:to comply with Knowledge's
1503:
599:. It subsequently became a
10:
3572:
3496:Destroyed populated places
3397:Federal District buildings
3106:Fondo de Cultura Economica
2602:. CUP Archive. p. 2.
2408:Coe, M. 2008, pp. 194–196.
1958:[tenot͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
1719:
1703:
1685:
1676:
1660:
1650:
1627:
1608:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1571:
1507:
1484:
1448:
1423:
1398:
1362:
1259:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1156:
1148:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1070:
1062:
1005:
997:
989:
879:
871:
854:
835:
829:
811:
801:
768:
760:
754:
741:
730:
724:
653:
631:
617:
611:
548:
494:UNESCO World Heritage Site
360:Tenochtitlan (Mesoamerica)
214:Spanish conquest of Mexico
32:
25:
18:
3462:
3333:Administrative divisions
3324:
3005:The Conquest of New Spain
3000:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
2889:. Boston: Prentice Hall.
2785:Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2189:10.1017/S0956536121000328
940:The Conquest of New Spain
778:
673:was thought to come from
627:) of the Mexica capital.
540:
528:
518:
508:
500:
491:
487:
482:
472:
464:
454:
446:
441:
404:
390:
380:
372:
310:
290:
242:
232:
227:
223:
206:
193:
183:
179:
169:
161:
151:
141:
100:
88:
76:
60:
55:
48:
3129:Walker, Charles (1980).
3067:10.1177/0096144204274396
3057:(4). Beverly Hills, CA:
3051:Journal of Urban History
2949:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
2649:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 69.
2424:Journal of the Southwest
2418:Bahr, Donald M. (2004).
2346:Walker, C. 1980, p. 162.
1934:
1929:Portrait of Tenochtitlan
1914:List of megalithic sites
1881:Plaza de la Constitución
1806:
1544:may contain suggestions.
1529:may need to be rewritten
1013:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
936:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
667:Traditionally, the name
607:Viceroyalty of New Spain
514:Cultural: ii, iii, iv, v
332:Location of Tenochtitlan
195:• Formation of the
19:Not to be confused with
2732:Stannard, D. 1992, 109.
2703:Stannard, D. 1992, 214.
2694:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 77.
2676:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 72.
2667:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 70.
2658:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 71.
2399:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 89.
2390:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 87.
1999:
1985:
1963:
1949:
1648:Soon after arriving in
1412:
1354:
1348:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1200:also had two houses or
1192:Palaces of Moctezuma II
1184:
1173:
1167:
1056:
983:
965:
910:
898:
885:
848:. The levee kept fresh
688:
677:
669:
637:
609:. Today, the ruins of
559:
363:Show map of Mesoamerica
3511:Lake islands of Mexico
3506:History of Mexico City
2885:Snow, Dean R. (2010).
2556:: CS1 maint: others (
2245:The Conquest Of Mexico
2220:The Conquest Of Mexico
2152:The Conquest Of Mexico
2016:
1924:History of Mexico City
1857:
1843:
1835:
1824:
1795:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1732:
1722:History of Mexico City
1641:
1614:. The Spanish leader,
1566:
1375:
1278:
1208:and another for other
1102:
1047:
944:
819:. During the reign of
737:
635:was one of two Mexica
557:, was a large Mexican
35:Tenochtitlán, Veracruz
3265:Townsend, Richard F.
2361:World Digital Library
2332:Coe, M. 2008, p. 193.
2243:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2218:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2150:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2000:Mēxihco Tenōchtitland
1896:, the predecessor of
1855:Roberto Cueva del Río
1849:
1841:
1830:
1814:
1729:
1707:were soon exposed to
1696:San Juan Tenochtitlan
1639:
1582:As Cortés approached
1564:
1508:Further information:
1457:Spanish conquistador
1404:Mexico's coat of arms
1370:
1276:
1093:
1080:Bernardino de Sahagún
1041:
927:
717:
373:Alternative name
301:, main temple of the
142:Common languages
3412:Legislative Assembly
3392:Constituent Assembly
3166:37.1. (1973) 190–95.
3008:. Penguin Classics.
2934:on 1 September 2012.
2909:Walker, pp. 162–167
2631:Smith (2005), p. 411
2571:Levy, Buddy (2008).
2381:Coe, M. 2008, p. 193
1986:Mēxihco Tenochtitlan
1889:Aztec calendar stone
1823:, the Aztec capital.
1510:Fall of Tenochtitlan
974:[kaɬˈpoːlːi]
3402:Heads of government
3207:National Geographic
2928:National Geographic
2622:Stannard, D. (1992)
2285:Infobase Publishing
2177:Ancient Mesoamerica
2093:National Geographic
2048:. 9 September 2020.
2017:México-Tenochtitlan
1851:Fundación de México
1821:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
1744:ciudad de españoles
695:[ˈnoːtʃtɬi]
565:in what is now the
555:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
422: /
385:Mexico City, Mexico
376:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
287:
122: /
50:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
3244:Mundy, Barbara E.
3164:American Antiquity
3114:Stannard, David E.
3098:Soustelle, Jacques
2463:American Antiquity
1858:
1844:
1836:
1825:
1738:
1642:
1567:
1376:
1279:
1103:
1048:
738:
501:Official name
335:Show map of Mexico
285:
185:• Foundation
3473:
3472:
3431:Metropolitan area
3059:SAGE Publications
3040:Smith, Michael E.
2924:"Venerable Bones"
2896:978-0-13-615686-4
2609:978-0-521-28175-1
2363:. 17 October 2011
2294:978-0-8160-5673-6
2131:978-0-2927-0365-0
2119:Frances Karttunen
1616:Pedro de Alvarado
1559:
1558:
1533:quality standards
1442:After a flood of
1223:There was also a
1118:and the Rain God
962:Nahuatl languages
788:with a series of
544:
543:
459:Conquered in 1521
426:19.433°N 99.133°W
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
146:Classical Nahuatl
126:19.433°N 99.133°W
3563:
3516:Valley of Mexico
3468:
3456:Water management
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3234:50 (1998), 1–22.
3227:
3148:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3109:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3048:
3035:
2995:
2983:
2954:
2936:
2935:
2930:. Archived from
2919:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2882:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2853:
2847:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2794:
2788:
2781:
2775:
2763:Barbara Munday,
2761:
2755:
2750:Charles Gibson,
2748:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2547:
2522:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2333:
2330:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2222:. pp. 3–5.
2215:
2209:
2208:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2147:
2141:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2100:on 22 March 2012
2084:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2038:
2021:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1798:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1746:
1735:
1706:
1705:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1666:, the leader of
1665:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1632:
1631:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1522:
1514:
1488:was as large as
1487:
1486:
1453:
1452:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1401:
1400:
1357:
1351:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1225:botanical garden
1187:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1146:court) with the
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1126:; the temple of
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1086:Public buildings
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1044:The Field Museum
1010:
1009:
1002:
1001:
994:
993:
986:
976:
971:
942:
915:
901:
888:
882:
881:
876:
875:
857:
856:
847:
844:
840:
839:
832:
831:
814:
813:
804:
803:
783:
782:
780:Avenida Bucareli
771:
770:
765:
764:
757:
756:
744:
743:
735:
734:
727:
726:
697:
686:
672:
658:
657:
642:
634:
633:
625:floating gardens
622:
621:
614:
613:
575:Valley of Mexico
564:
553:, also known as
551:
550:
468:Late Postclassic
437:
436:
434:
433:
432:
427:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
399:Valley of Mexico
364:
355:
354:
348:
336:
327:
326:
320:
295:
288:
284:
271:
270:
259:
258:
244:
243:
137:
136:
134:
133:
132:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
93:
81:
67:
46:
45:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3460:
3407:Law enforcement
3347:Barrios Mágicos
3320:
3315:
3277:
3272:
3187:Gibson, Charles
3158:
3156:Further reading
3145:
3087:
3085:
3046:
3024:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2883:
2879:
2871:Susan Kellogg,
2870:
2866:
2854:
2850:
2830:
2826:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2569:
2565:
2549:
2548:
2536:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2506:
2455:
2451:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2331:
2320:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2287:. p. 368.
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2247:. p. 493.
2241:
2237:
2230:
2216:
2212:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2154:. p. 277.
2148:
2144:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2003:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1910:
1809:
1724:
1718:
1610:Huitzilopochtli
1555:
1549:
1546:
1536:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1365:
1323:. Finally, the
1271:
1194:
1114:Huitzilopochtli
1088:
1036:
969:
943:
934:
926:
916:, similar to a
905:Agave americana
845:
807:endorheic basin
712:
684:[ˈtetɬ]
665:
496:
431:19.433; -99.133
430:
428:
424:
421:
416:
413:
411:
409:
408:
368:
367:
366:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
356:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
328:
306:
268:
235:
234:• Estimate
216:
199:
186:
131:19.433; -99.133
130:
128:
124:
121:
116:
113:
111:
109:
108:
107:
96:
84:
72:
71:
68:
51:
42:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3569:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3451:Transportation
3448:
3446:Street vendors
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3384:Gentrification
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3330:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3283:by Thomas Kole
3276:
3275:External links
3273:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3254:978-1477317136
3242:
3235:
3228:
3201:
3199:978-0804709125
3184:
3177:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3143:
3126:
3110:
3094:
3036:
3022:
2996:
2988:Cortés, Hernán
2984:
2972:10.2307/491417
2955:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2877:
2864:
2848:
2824:
2805:(3): 573–580.
2789:
2787:, pp. 368–377.
2776:
2773:978-1477317136
2756:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2714:Jay Kinsbruner
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2608:
2588:
2582:978-0553384710
2581:
2563:
2534:
2517:
2504:
2475:10.2307/281020
2449:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2348:
2334:
2318:
2307:
2293:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2235:
2228:
2210:
2167:
2160:
2142:
2111:
2076:
2063:
2051:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
1976:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1875:Mexico City's
1808:
1805:
1749:Charles Gibson
1720:Main article:
1717:
1714:
1701:The people of
1557:
1556:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1505:
1502:
1472:Constantinople
1433:Gulf of Mexico
1371:A Mexico City
1364:
1361:
1283:social classes
1270:
1269:Social classes
1267:
1196:The palace of
1193:
1190:
1087:
1084:
1035:
1032:
932:
925:
922:
837:Nezahualcoyotl
830:Nezahualcoyotl
711:
708:
664:
661:
542:
541:
538:
537:
530:
526:
525:
520:
516:
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170:Historical era
167:
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159:
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156:Aztec religion
153:
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102:
98:
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3358:Architecture
3357:
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3342:Neighborhoods
3340:
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3144:9780517318256
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3052:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3023:0-14-044123-9
3019:
3015:
3014:Penguin Books
3011:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
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2881:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2861:0-292-70154-3
2858:
2852:
2846:
2845:0-292-70154-3
2842:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:The Historian
2793:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2722:0-292-70668-5
2719:
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2535:9780299134334
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2256:
2254:0-7126-6079-8
2250:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2229:0-7126-6079-8
2225:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:0-7126-6079-8
2157:
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2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1959:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1856:
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1818:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1736:shown in gray
1734:
1728:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1668:Nueva Almería
1663:
1657:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1597:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1553:
1550:November 2020
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1527:This section
1525:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1459:Hernán Cortés
1455:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1337:Xocotl Huetzi
1333:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:birds of prey
1203:
1199:
1189:
1186:
1185:calmimilocatl
1180:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1031:
1030:around 1522.
1029:
1026:published in
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1000:
992:
985:
980:
975:
967:
963:
959:
958:
953:
949:
941:
937:
931:
921:
919:
914:
913:
907:
906:
900:
895:
893:
887:
874:
868:
864:
859:
851:
838:
826:
822:
818:
808:
797:
795:
791:
785:
781:
775:
763:
750:
748:
733:
721:
716:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
691:
687:("rock") and
685:
681:
680:
676:
671:
660:
656:
650:
646:
641:
640:
628:
626:
620:
608:
604:
603:
598:
595:
594:pre-Columbian
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
562:
556:
552:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
521:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
481:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
435:
407:
403:
400:
396:
393:
389:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
347:
319:
309:
304:
300:
297:Ruins of the
294:
289:
266:
264:
261:
260:
257:
255:
254:
251:
248:
246:
245:
241:
237:
231:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
205:
201:
198:
192:
188:
182:
178:
175:
174:Pre-Columbian
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
135:
106:
103:
99:
92:
87:
80:
75:
66:
59:
54:
47:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
3556:Aztec Empire
3541:Razed cities
3486:Tenochtitlan
3266:
3259:
3245:
3239:Ethnohistory
3238:
3231:
3205:
3190:
3180:
3170:
3163:
3132:
3119:
3101:
3086:. Retrieved
3054:
3050:
3042:(May 2005).
3004:
2991:
2966:(3): 21–30.
2963:
2959:
2950:
2943:Bibliography
2932:the original
2927:
2905:
2886:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2764:
2759:
2751:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2672:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2598:
2591:
2572:
2566:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2511:Blainey, G.
2507:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2279:
2272:
2263:
2244:
2238:
2219:
2213:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2122:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2091:
2071:
2066:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2018:
1979:
1964:Tenōchtitlan
1950:Tenochtitlan
1943:
1902:
1884:
1874:
1870:
1866:Coyolxauhqui
1862:Templo Mayor
1859:
1850:
1832:Templo Mayor
1817:Templo Mayor
1816:
1793:1521 is the
1791:
1752:
1739:
1716:Colonial era
1704:Tenochtitlan
1700:
1695:
1691:
1686:Tenochtitlan
1682:
1677:Tenochtitlan
1672:
1651:Tenochtitlan
1647:
1643:
1620:
1585:Tenochtitlan
1581:
1577:Moctezuma II
1572:Tenochtitlan
1568:
1547:
1538:You can help
1528:
1498:
1485:Tenochtitlan
1456:
1444:Lake Texcoco
1441:
1424:Tenochtitlan
1420:
1408:Mexican flag
1395:
1384:
1377:
1345:
1341:
1304:Cuauhipiltin
1280:
1253:(now called
1222:
1198:Moctezuma II
1195:
1181:
1164:
1130:Quetzalcoatl
1108:Templo Mayor
1104:
1096:Templo Mayor
1071:Tenochtitlan
1057:tiyanquiztli
1054:had its own
1051:
1049:
1034:Marketplaces
1021:
1016:
978:
955:
951:
947:
945:
939:
928:
903:
890:
860:
855:Tenochtitlan
798:
786:
755:Tenochtitlan
751:
747:Lake Texcoco
742:Tenochtitlan
739:
725:Tenochtitlan
720:Lake Texcoco
700:prickly pear
670:Tenochtitlan
666:
632:Tenochtitlan
629:
612:Tenochtitlan
600:
587:
579:Aztec Empire
571:Lake Texcoco
554:
549:Tenochtitlan
546:
545:
395:Lake Texcoco
299:Templo Mayor
286:Tenochtitlan
250:Succeeded by
249:
197:Aztec Empire
105:Tenochtitlan
43:
3491:Aztec sites
3388:Government
3362:Skyscrapers
3318:Mexico City
3232:Imago Mundi
3061:: 403–434.
3010:J. M. Cohen
2183:: 104–123.
2046:history.com
1594:celebrated
1437:Inca Empire
1429:Mesoamerica
1406:and on the
1289:macehualtin
1261:Texcotzingo
1243:Chapultepec
1046:in Chicago.
984:tlaxilcalli
886:copalxocotl
873:Chapultepec
861:Two double
846: 1453
821:Moctezuma I
645:city-states
532:1987 (11th
529:Inscription
429: /
405:Coordinates
212:due to the
210:Destruction
129: /
21:Teotihuacan
3480:Categories
3088:1 February
2469:(2): 292.
2430:(4): 742.
2300:2 November
2267:Cortés, H.
2028:References
2004:pronounced
1990:pronounced
1968:pronounced
1954:pronounced
1662:Qualpopoca
1629:Iztapalapa
1480:Henry VIII
1204:, one for
1150:tzompantli
1064:Tlatelolco
999:Iztapalapa
970:pronounced
924:City plans
912:temāzcalli
867:terracotta
769:Tlatelolco
762:Tlatelolco
732:Tlatelolco
655:Tlatelolco
619:Xochimilco
483:Site notes
238:200,000+
228:Population
162:Government
3441:Pollution
3224:643483454
3216:0027-9358
3083:145452272
3032:162351797
3002:(1963) .
2552:cite book
2544:648253221
2499:162323851
2483:0002-7316
2436:0894-8410
2205:244567487
2197:0956-5361
2139:230535203
1894:Axayacatl
1656:Vera Cruz
1591:Tenochcah
1542:talk page
1450:Ahuitzotl
1316:Tlacohtin
1310:Teteuctin
1250:Huaxtepec
1144:ball game
1076:Salamanca
1017:calpullis
957:calpullis
894:americana
892:Saponaria
880:Moctezuma
863:aqueducts
710:Geography
663:Etymology
519:Reference
455:Abandoned
263:New Spain
152:Religion
56:1325–1521
3424:Timeline
3379:Folk art
3374:Downtown
3337:Boroughs
3116:(1992).
3100:(1984).
2990:(1969).
2835:Part 3;
2819:24451466
2783:Gibson,
2444:40170283
2042:"Aztecs"
1908:See also
1885:calzadas
1709:diseases
1602:altepetl
1504:Conquest
1414:chinampa
1355:Calpōlli
1349:calpōlli
1332:Pochteca
1326:pochteca
1297:pipiltin
1255:Oaxtepec
1229:aquarium
1214:reptiles
1175:calmecac
1168:cuicalli
1158:Tonatiuh
1138:tlachtli
1052:calpulli
1028:Augsburg
1024:woodcuts
1007:Tlacopan
979:calpulli
966:calpōlli
933:—
817:brackish
649:polities
639:āltepētl
602:cabecera
597:Americas
561:altepetl
510:Criteria
473:Cultures
381:Location
165:Monarchy
3436:Parking
3419:History
3369:Cuisine
3354:Airport
3075:1798556
2367:22 June
2121:(1983)
2104:8 April
2013:Spanish
1983:Either
1947:Either
1801:Nahuatl
1786:sujetos
1759:cabildo
1596:Toxcatl
1494:Córdoba
1490:Seville
1399:Texcoco
1386:Opuntia
1363:History
1257:), and
1235:Texcoco
1227:and an
1218:mammals
1098:at the
991:Tepeyac
950:; each
823:, the "
812:Texcoco
809:, Lake
802:Texcoco
772:to the
690:nōchtli
675:Nahuatl
605:of the
592:in the
573:in the
534:Session
465:Periods
447:Founded
442:History
414:19°26′N
208:•
114:19°26′N
101:Capital
3326:Topics
3252:
3222:
3214:
3197:
3141:
3081:
3073:
3030:
3020:
2980:491417
2978:
2893:
2859:
2843:
2817:
2771:
2720:
2606:
2579:
2542:
2532:
2515:, 2007
2497:
2491:281020
2489:
2481:
2442:
2434:
2291:
2251:
2226:
2203:
2195:
2158:
2137:
2129:
1879:, the
1877:Zócalo
1623:league
1588:, the
1540:. The
1476:London
1468:Venice
1380:Mexica
1285:. The
1216:, and
1134:; the
1122:Tlaloc
1003:, and
850:spring
790:canals
774:swamps
704:Tenoch
477:Aztecs
417:99°8′W
391:Region
305:people
303:Mexica
117:99°8′W
3079:S2CID
3047:(PDF)
2976:JSTOR
2815:JSTOR
2495:S2CID
2487:JSTOR
2440:JSTOR
2201:S2CID
1935:Notes
1898:Tizoc
1807:Ruins
1779:traza
1773:traza
1767:traza
1733:traza
1692:traza
1464:Paris
1391:Copil
1319:were
1210:birds
1050:Each
948:camps
918:sauna
825:levee
799:Lake
794:canoe
70:Glyph
3250:ISBN
3220:OCLC
3212:ISSN
3195:ISBN
3139:ISBN
3090:2008
3071:OCLC
3028:OCLC
3018:ISBN
2891:ISBN
2857:ISBN
2841:ISBN
2769:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2604:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2558:link
2540:OCLC
2530:ISBN
2479:ISSN
2432:ISSN
2369:2014
2302:2010
2289:ISBN
2249:ISBN
2224:ISBN
2193:ISSN
2156:ISBN
2135:OCLC
2127:ISBN
2106:2011
1815:The
1470:and
1202:zoos
952:camp
899:metl
815:was
758:and
679:tetl
590:city
219:1521
202:1428
189:1325
3063:doi
2968:doi
2807:doi
2471:doi
2185:doi
1997:or
1961:or
1819:in
1674:in
1492:or
1478:of
827:of
647:or
523:412
3482::
3218:.
3189:.
3077:.
3069:.
3055:31
3053:.
3049:.
3026:.
3016:.
2974:.
2962:.
2926:.
2914:^
2813:.
2803:57
2801:.
2554:}}
2550:{{
2538:.
2493:.
2485:.
2477:.
2467:53
2465:.
2461:.
2438:.
2428:46
2426:.
2422:.
2359:.
2337:^
2321:^
2283:.
2199:.
2191:.
2181:34
2179:.
2133:;
2090:.
2079:^
2061:.
2044:.
2015::
2011:;
1575:,
1466:,
1439:.
1393:.
1352:.
1265:.
1247:,
1239:,
1212:,
1179:.
1068:–
1011:.
995:,
968:,
964::
960:,
938:,
843:c.
796:.
784:.
749:.
722:.
706:.
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