165:
121:, typically at night or after a battle had ended, looking for its side's wounded soldiers and ignoring dead or wounded enemy ones. When they found a soldier, the soldier could use the medical supplies to tend to their wounds. If their condition was severe enough that this was impossible, the dog would return to the trenches with a piece of the soldier's uniform and lead a paramedic to the soldier. If the dog was unsuccessful in finding a wounded soldier, it would lie down in front of its handler instead of leading the handler to them. Some dogs were fitted with
2436:
1063:
1024:
903:
864:
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94:
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2193:
22:
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While many
European nations had a mercy dog program during World War I, the United States did not, as its leadership felt the war would end soon enough that such a program was unnecessary. Numerous US dogs did serve in the Red Cross, whose dogs bore the red-cross emblem on their saddlebags. Americans
218:
As many as 10,000 dogs are estimated to have served as mercy dogs in World War I, and are credited with saving thousands of lives, including at least 2,000 in France and 4,000 wounded German soldiers. Several such dogs drew specific attention for their work, including
Captain for finding 30 soldiers
155:
wounded soldiers, saying "They sometimes lead us to the bodies we think have no life in them, but when we bring them back to the doctors they always find a spark. It is purely a matter of their instinct, is far more effective than man's reasoning powers."
190:', or 'medical dogs'. The nation is estimated to have used a total of 30,000 dogs during the war, mainly as messengers and ambulance dogs. Of those, 7,000 were killed. It is estimated that upwards of 50,000 dogs were used by all the combatants.
210:
who had experience working with military dogs and had advocated for the start of a military program since 1910, trained several dogs as ambulance dogs and offered them to the
British Army. After the army did not accept, he gave them to the
1109:
230:
Mercy dogs were considered symbolic of patriotism, Jill Lenk Schilp writes that they were "elevated to heroic levels and attributed human emotions and characteristics Some dogs may have had
1142:
1203:
194:
1099:
1242:
215:. As a result of his advocacy, Britain created a British War Dog School with Richardson as the commander. The school eventually trained more than 200 dogs.
1697:
884:
1227:
1238:
Scout, Red Cross and Army Dogs: A Historical Sketch of Dogs in the Great War and a
Training Guide for the Rank and File of the United States Army
1132:
1373:
114:
70:
57:. They were often sent out after large battles, where they would seek out wounded soldiers, and they were well-suited to the conditions of
219:
in one day, and Prusco for finding 100 men in just one battle. Both were French dogs. Prusco was known to drag soldiers into ditches as a
184:
By the beginning of World War I, Germany had around 6,000 trained dogs, many of which were ambulance dogs. The German army called them '
1312:"Companions In The Trenches - Animals of World War 1 This Fearless Dog Was A WWI Hero – And The Number Of Lives He Saved Is Phenomenal"
266:, it was reported that the German Army was conscripting dogs to serve as messengers, watch dogs, and mercy dogs. During that war, the
199:
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642:
703:
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while he went to summon rescuers. However, many French dogs were killed in the line of action, and the program was discontinued.
293:
were used for the work, which consisted of searching for a soldier and bringing their handler to them. The dogs were trained at
176:
in
Germany was described as a "novel experiment". By 1908, Italy, Austria, France and Germany had programs training mercy dogs.
1415:
515:
172:
The first mercy dogs were trained by the German army in the late 19th century. A program to train mercy dogs in 1895 begun by
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809:
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any item, including a helmet or particularly a belt. Some dogs were also involved in pulling soldiers on carts between the
2505:
936:
457:
140:
and medical bases further back. Mercy dogs were known to drag soldiers to safety at times. The dogs would also comfort
1236:
1211:
61:. They carried first-aid supplies that could then be used by wounded soldiers, and comforted dying soldiers who were
1000:
267:
81:, and they have been credited with saving thousands of lives. Such dogs were also used by the United States in the
879:
1360:
1824:
1197:
530:
840:
390:
2222:
329:
736:
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1323:(including Satan, a search and messenger dog at the Battle of Verdun that saved many troops by delivering
2043:
369:
1914:
1755:
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1408:
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1174:
1062:
1023:
902:
863:
828:
A 16 million-strong army of animals including mules, donkeys, cats and even camels were part of WW1.
2500:
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2137:
2016:
1886:
986:
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1331:
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to serve the country in which the specific society operated. The German army called such dogs
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2011:
1949:
1909:
1869:
1831:
1718:
1401:
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1251:
1005:
670:"Frankfurter Zeitung 08.05.1916: The medical dog in war [Der Sanitätshund im Kriege]"
545:
384:
347:
129:
1170:
Daisy to the Rescue: True
Stories of Daring Dogs, Paramedic Parrots, and Other Animal Heroes
333:
features a German medical dog named Walt, who takes on a prominent story and gameplay role.
164:
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429:
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Upon the outbreak of fighting, Britain did not have a program for training military dogs.
8:
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674:
622:
584:
271:
98:
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238:, who located wounded service personnel among other activities, was not honoured with a
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1996:
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1044:
973:
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93:
77:. As many as 20,000 dogs are estimated to have served as mercy dogs in World War I and
2435:
2192:
2084:
1966:
1859:
1499:
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1207:
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1961:
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928:
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200:
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to soldiers who required extensive care. Many mercy dogs were trained by national
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946:
931:: Periscope Film LLC (published 12 June 2013). 1 July 1943. pp. 127–136.
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1789:
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954:
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A casualty dog reporting to its handler during US Army training exercises.
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1971:
1944:
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1919:
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1548:
1489:
1467:
1137:
1001:"Messenger, Attack and Casualty Dogs Are Trained to Aid the Armed Forces"
458:"The animal victims of the first world war are a stain on our conscience"
305:
54:
1279:
Schilp, Jill Lenk (24 September 2019). "The Mercy Dogs of World War I".
1253:
The Dogs of War: The
Courage, Love, and Loyalty of Military Working Dogs
2326:
2031:
2006:
1819:
1764:
1570:
1455:
1178:
286:
278:, to find wounded soldiers. Its training program began in August 1942.
137:
82:
705:
Our Debt to the Dog: How the
Domestic Dog Helped Shape Human Societies
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2301:
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1991:
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1779:
1723:
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borrowed dogs from their allies, as they had no organized dog units.
220:
117:
that was based in the country of each army to travel silently around
110:
106:
1133:"Valiant Hearts: The Great War review (PC): A war game with a heart"
2415:
2383:
2341:
2079:
2074:
2059:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1939:
1924:
1836:
1809:
1594:
1563:
1432:
643:""Such verwundt!" – Das Sanitätshundewesen in Deutschland bis 1918"
627:
606:
550:
122:
2207:
737:"Photos of animals in World War One: Mercy Dogs Search and rescue"
1874:
1804:
1769:
1682:
1642:
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to a beleaguered force, while under heavy fire and twice wounded)
1318:
1196:
Hart, Alison; Montgomery, Michael G., Illustrator (March 2016).
841:"German Dogs Now Being 'Drafted' for Three Kinds of War Service"
669:
21:
2353:
1647:
1553:
1526:
1472:
275:
152:
880:"Dogs stand up to battle strain better than men, says trainer"
2400:
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2259:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1543:
522:
520:
518:
2405:
246:), as many animals were. Rather, he was made a "Sergeant."
132:
were trained to take a piece of uniform and those with the
2425:
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1494:
1424:
1282:
790:
490:
488:
486:
484:
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480:
46:
105:
A typical mercy dog in World War I was outfitted with a
2410:
1393:
919:"Section VII: Dogs for Tactical Use - The Casualty Dog"
756:
754:
562:
560:
477:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
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1353:"Companions In The Trenches – Animals of World War 1"
1100:"Valiant Hearts: The Great Review: An Evocative Tale"
505:
503:
766:
751:
778:
557:
376:
374:
372:
500:
249:
2487:
543:"Where man's best friend was not just his dog".
270:used ambulances with six casualty dogs, mainly
234:as a result of their service. The American dog
1374:"Uncle Sam has a Training School for War Dogs"
1195:
647:Fachportal fĂĽr Wehrmedizin & Wehrpharmazie
526:
308:program, which continued until at least 2019.
101:of a red cross dog carrying a soldier's helmet
2223:
1409:
1226:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
185:
667:
285:utilized a casualty dog program during the
2230:
2216:
1416:
1402:
1339:: an illustrated monthly for men and women
911:
731:
729:
661:
1166:
626:. 19 July 1908. p. E12 – via
411:
253:
163:
92:
20:
1347:
701:
324:by Alison Hart, was published in 2013.
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1278:
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640:
566:
494:
427:
2211:
1397:
1249:
1234:
1124:
1097:
802:
784:
702:Cummins, Bryan D. (7 November 2013).
697:
695:
693:
577:
575:
509:
455:
380:
311:
1388:"Doing Their Bit: Mercy Dogs of WWI"
2237:
924:TM 10-396 War Dogs Technical Manual
113:supplies. They were trained by the
13:
1382:. Washington, D.C. 26 August 1917.
1173:. San Francisco, California, USA:
1032:
690:
572:
65:. They were also trained to guide
49:that served in a paramedical role
14:
2532:
1304:
1285:. Jefferson, North Carolina USA:
1199:Darling, Mercy Dog of World War I
1167:Campbell, Jeff (7 October 2014).
641:Lorenz, Julia (23 January 2017).
456:Hoare, Philip (7 November 2018).
2434:
2191:
2182:
2181:
1386:Rawkins, Alice (28 March 2023).
1202:(E-book). Atlanta, Georgia USA:
1145:from the original on 4 June 2019
1112:from the original on 2 July 2017
1061:
1022:
901:
862:
268:United States Army Medical Corps
2516:Military animals of World War I
1317:. 30 November 2018 – via
1250:Rogak, Lisa (25 October 2011).
1160:
1091:
1071:
993:
872:
833:
810:"Animals Who Won Medals in WW1"
613:
592:
250:World War II and later programs
151:praised the dog's abilities to
25:An ambulance dog in World War I
1390:. State Library of Queensland.
1343:Ward, Lock and Bowden, Limited
1131:Nicols, Scott (27 June 2014).
668:Kalkschmidt, G. (8 May 1916).
536:
449:
421:
300:After World War II ended, the
179:
88:
18:Military paramedic service dog
1:
1009:. 31 October 1943. p. 16
849:. 12 November 1939. p. 2
358:
330:Valiant Hearts: The Great War
168:A military recruitment poster
2460:List of domesticated animals
1204:Peachtree Publishing Company
605:. 1 August 1895 – via
428:Orlean, Susan (5 May 2011).
363:
242:(the animal equivalent of a
195:Edwin Hautenville Richardson
109:that had water, liquor, and
7:
2044:List of longest-living dogs
1098:Doran, Tom (26 June 2019).
846:The Knoxville News-Sentinel
336:
10:
2537:
2017:Origin of the domestic dog
1915:Breed-specific legislation
1756:Psychiatric assistance dog
1048:. 28 June 1951. p. 22
888:. 23 March 1944. p. 6
549:. 17 May 2014 – via
527:Hart & Montgomery 2016
289:to find wounded soldiers.
159:
2506:Dog training and behavior
2443:
2432:
2245:
2177:
2146:
2113:
2030:
1895:
1850:
1706:
1663:
1431:
1332:The Dog In Modern Warfare
1175:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
1423:
2159:List of individual dogs
2154:Domesticated silver fox
1746:Mobility assistance dog
1287:McFarland & Company
1241:. Rochester, New York:
1235:Jager, Theo F. (1917).
710:Carolina Academic Press
144:soldiers as they died.
2164:List of fictional dogs
1478:Livestock guardian dog
1243:Arrow Printing Company
259:
186:
169:
102:
53:, most notably during
26:
2455:Human uses of animals
2332:Search and rescue dog
1832:Search and rescue dog
1330:Hyde, Oliver (1895) "
1006:Lansing State Journal
739:. World War I Bridges
620:"The Red Cross Dog".
602:The Youth's Companion
546:The Irish Independent
348:Search and rescue dog
257:
167:
96:
24:
2322:Military working dog
1887:Dog–cat relationship
1734:Medical response dog
1337:The Windsor Magazine
1258:Macmillan Publishers
1087:. 15 September 2013.
1079:"Darling, Mercy Dog"
678:(in German). FAZ.NET
353:Medical response dog
327:The 2014 video game
206:, an officer in the
1678:List of crossbreeds
1441:African village dog
1351:(9 February 2015).
1256:(Print). New York:
675:Frankfurter Zeitung
623:The Washington Post
588:. 15 February 2014.
585:The Birmingham Mail
582:"The Dogs of War".
71:Red Cross societies
1289:. pp. 13–24.
1262:St. Martin's Press
1045:The Ithaca Journal
981:Unknown parameter
885:The Beatrice Times
599:"Red Cross Dogs".
322:Darling, Mercy Dog
318:historical fiction
312:In popular culture
302:American Red Cross
295:Fort Riley, Kansas
283:United States Army
262:In the lead-up to
260:
170:
103:
33:(also known as an
27:
2483:
2482:
2205:
2204:
2085:Rabies in animals
2012:Human–canine bond
1590:Bull-type terrier
1296:978-1-4766-7394-3
1271:978-1-250-00881-7
1188:978-1-936976-62-1
1105:Independent.co.uk
719:978-1-61163-556-0
497:, pp. 14–15.
213:British Red Cross
128:Dogs attached to
115:Red Cross society
2528:
2511:Military animals
2438:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2195:
2185:
2184:
1962:Dogs in religion
1825:usage by country
1446:Free-ranging dog
1418:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1369:
1357:
1349:Neidell, Indiana
1322:
1316:
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929:Washington, D.C.
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388:
378:
291:German Shepherds
232:traumatic stress
205:
202:
189:
149:military surgeon
142:mortally wounded
63:mortally wounded
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2501:Dogs in warfare
2486:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2470:Military animal
2439:
2430:
2241:
2239:Working animals
2236:
2206:
2201:
2173:
2142:
2109:
2026:
1897:
1891:
1846:
1702:
1683:Mixed-breed dog
1659:
1427:
1422:
1372:
1355:
1325:carrier pigeons
1314:
1310:
1307:
1297:
1272:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1189:
1181:. p. 274.
1163:
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1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1096:
1092:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1040:"Casualty Dogs"
1038:
1037:
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379:
370:
366:
361:
343:Dogs in warfare
339:
314:
252:
236:Sergeant Stubby
197:
182:
162:
91:
51:in the military
19:
12:
11:
5:
2534:
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2496:Detection dogs
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2450:
2448:
2447:Related topics
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2314:
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2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2282:Assistance dog
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2265:Bactrian camel
2257:
2252:
2250:Asian elephant
2246:
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2242:
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2199:
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2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
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2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Crate training
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
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2100:Skin disorders
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1907:
1905:Animal testing
1901:
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1742:
1741:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1714:Assistance dog
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1693:Extinct breeds
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1673:List of breeds
1669:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1639:
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67:combat medics
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39:Red Cross dog
36:
35:ambulance dog
32:
23:
16:
2389:Riding horse
2316:
2095:Reproduction
2065:Conformation
2007:Fear of dogs
1957:Dog grooming
1950:2007 recalls
1935:Dog fighting
1882:Intelligence
1814:
1795:Fighting dog
1775:Carriage dog
1698:Most popular
1655:Turnspit dog
1463:Hairless dog
1379:Evening star
1377:
1364:– via
1359:
1335:
1281:
1252:
1237:
1198:
1169:
1161:Bibliography
1147:. Retrieved
1136:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1103:
1093:
1082:
1073:
1056:– via
1050:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1017:– via
1011:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
966:Google Books
964:– via
958:. Retrieved
923:
913:
896:– via
890:. Retrieved
883:
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857:– via
851:. Retrieved
844:
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673:
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463:The Guardian
461:
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264:World War II
261:
240:Dickin Medal
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127:
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97:Painting by
79:World War II
75:medical dogs
74:
43:casualty dog
42:
38:
34:
30:
28:
15:
2475:Pack animal
2394:Stock horse
2374:Guide horse
2369:Draft horse
2347:Therapy dog
2337:Service dog
2312:Hunting dog
2307:Herding dog
2292:Draught dog
2255:Bali cattle
2105:Vaccination
2002:Dog walking
1972:Dog licence
1945:dog biscuit
1930:Dog daycare
1920:Cynanthropy
1898:interaction
1751:Therapy dog
1739:Seizure dog
1729:Hearing dog
1490:Hunting dog
1468:Herding dog
1149:14 November
1138:Digital Spy
1116:14 November
1052:21 December
1013:21 December
892:21 December
853:21 December
797:Schilp 2019
773:Schilp 2019
761:Schilp 2019
649:(in German)
567:Schilp 2019
495:Schilp 2019
469:21 December
441:21 December
430:"Hero Dogs"
306:therapy dog
221:safe harbor
198: [
180:World War I
138:front lines
89:Description
55:World War I
2490:Categories
2379:Pack horse
2327:Police dog
1997:Dog sports
1820:Police dog
1765:Attack dog
1719:Autism dog
1688:Crossbreed
1571:Sighthound
1549:Scenthound
1456:Street dog
1179:Zest Books
947:1102468123
785:Jager 1917
529:, p.
510:Jager 1917
414:, p.
383:, p.
381:Rogak 2011
359:References
287:Korean War
83:Korean War
2465:Livestock
2317:Mercy dog
2302:Guide dog
2297:Guard dog
2270:Dromedary
1992:Dog theft
1896:Human–dog
1815:Mercy dog
1800:Guard dog
1780:Catch dog
1724:Guide dog
1600:Schnauzer
1559:Coonhound
1537:Water dog
1522:Retriever
1483:Sheep dog
1222:cite book
985:ignored (
974:cite book
960:8 January
955:31850330M
822:9 January
743:9 January
682:9 January
653:9 January
364:Citations
123:gas masks
111:first aid
107:saddlebag
31:mercy dog
2416:Reindeer
2384:Pit pony
2342:Sled dog
2187:Category
2115:Training
2075:Dog food
2070:Diseases
2055:Breeding
1987:Dog show
1982:Dog park
1977:Dog meat
1940:Dog food
1925:Dog bite
1852:Behavior
1837:Sled dog
1810:Meat dog
1595:Pinscher
1564:Foxhound
1341:London:
1143:Archived
1110:Archived
628:ProQuest
607:ProQuest
551:ProQuest
337:See also
304:began a
272:Pointers
201:Wikidata
45:) was a
2147:Related
2123:Clicker
2050:Anatomy
2022:Therapy
1910:Baiting
1875:Howling
1865:Barking
1842:War dog
1805:Lap dog
1770:Bay dog
1643:Toy dog
1614:Bulldog
1609:Mastiff
1585:Terrier
1576:Longdog
1532:Spaniel
1517:Pointer
1512:Gun dog
1505:Lurcher
1451:Pye-dog
1366:YouTube
1356:(Video)
1319:YouTube
1315:(Video)
276:setters
160:History
2521:Rescue
2354:Donkey
2197:Portal
2032:Health
1665:Breeds
1648:Bichon
1554:Basset
1527:Setter
1473:Collie
1293:
1268:
1210:
1185:
953:
945:
935:
716:
320:book,
153:triage
2401:Llama
2364:Horse
2359:Gayal
2260:Camel
2040:Aging
1707:Roles
1636:Tugou
1631:Laika
1626:Husky
1621:Spitz
1544:Hound
1500:Feist
1433:Types
813:(PDF)
204:]
41:, or
2406:Mule
2080:Odor
2060:Coat
1425:Dogs
1291:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1228:link
1208:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1151:2019
1118:2019
1054:2020
1015:2020
987:help
962:2021
943:OCLC
933:ISBN
894:2020
855:2020
824:2021
745:2021
714:ISBN
684:2021
655:2021
471:2020
443:2020
281:The
274:and
2426:Yak
2277:Dog
1495:Cur
531:153
416:274
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
