Meiji era - Knowledge

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castle. Rather than leave an enemy behind him, Saigō laid siege to the castle. Two days later, Saigō's rebels, while attempting to block a mountain pass, encountered advanced elements of the national army en route to reinforce Kumamoto castle. After a short battle, both sides withdrew to reconstitute their forces. A few weeks later the national army engaged Saigō's rebels in a frontal assault at what now is called the Battle of Tabaruzuka. During this eight-day-battle, Saigō's nearly ten thousand strong army battled hand-to-hand the equally matched national army. Both sides suffered nearly four thousand casualties during this engagement. Due to conscription, however, the Japanese army was able to reconstitute its forces, while Saigō's was not. Later, forces loyal to the emperor broke through rebel lines and managed to end the siege on

2387: 2364: 201: 1615: 2067: 2145:, both new field marshals, founded the Corps of the Imperial Guards. Also, in the same year, the hyobusho (war office) was replaced with a War Department and a Naval Department. The samurai class suffered great disappointment the following years, when in January the Conscription Law of 1873 was passed. This monumental law, signifying the beginning of the end for the samurai class, initially met resistance from both the peasant and warrior alike. The peasant class interpreted the term for military service, ketsu-eki (blood tax) literally, and attempted to avoid service by any means necessary. Avoidance methods included maiming, self-mutilation, and local uprisings. 2891:(1828–1896). In 1880, the Music Research Institute in Tokyo (Ongaku Torishirabe Gakari), headed by Izawa Shuji, was founded. The Institute had three main tasks: 1) to introduce compulsory music teaching in schools, to introduce Western-style songs; 2) to train music teachers for the further development of professional musical activities; 3) to create music score collections for children, in which Japanese and Western style music elements could be combined. Thus, the first music scores “The First Collection for Primary School” was published in 1881. The newly educated music teachers organized lessons in singing, music theory, playing musical instruments ( 2613: 2481: 2153: 2196:. Saigō's army was outnumbered seven-to-one, prompting a mass surrender of many samurai. The remaining five hundred samurai loyal to Saigō escaped, travelling south to Kagoshima. The rebellion ended on September 24, 1877, following the final engagement with Imperial forces which resulted in the deaths of the remaining forty samurai including Saigō, who, having suffered a fatal bullet wound in the abdomen, was honorably beheaded by his retainer. The national army's victory validated the current course of the modernization of the Japanese army as well as ended the era of the samurai. 1930: 1816: 2554: 2292: 2441: 1023: 1993: 9360: 2111: 2501:, who has been called "Japan's greatest lacquerer". The appeal of his highly original style was in the choice of motifs and subject matter rather than embedded gold and silver. He placed lacquer panels in frames, imitating Western oil paintings. Other notable lacquer artists of the 19th century include Nakayama Komin and Shirayama Shosai, both of whom, in contrast with Zeshin, maintained a classical style that owed a lot to Japanese and Chinese landscape art. 6298: 2087:

experimental agriculture stations. Greatly concerned about national security, the leaders made significant efforts at military modernization, which included establishing a small standing army, a large reserve system, and compulsory militia service for all men. Foreign military systems were studied, foreign advisers, especially French ones, were brought in, and Japanese cadets sent abroad to Europe and the United States to attend military and naval schools.

2532:, a leading producer of cast bronze for international exhibition, became director of the Kiritsu Kosho Kaisha from 1874 to the company's dissolution in 1891. In 1896 he was appointed Artist to the Imperial Household. The works of Chokichi and his contemporaries took inspiration from late Edo period carvings and prints, combining and sometimes exaggerating traditional design elements in new ways to appeal to the export market. The past history of 2009: 1379: 2704: 1747: 6287: 3354: 1885:, and decoration was sometimes influenced by Western motifs. The textile industry modernized rapidly and silk from Tokyo's factories became Japan's principal export. Cheap synthetic dyes meant that bold purples and reds, previously restricted to the wealthy elite, could be owned by anyone. Faster and cheaper manufacture allowed more people to afford silk kimono, and enabled designers to create new patterns. 1227: 1307: 51: 3368: 2577:

travelling extensively in Europe. As his career went on, he adopted more Western influences on his decoration, while his works shaped Western perceptions of Japanese design. Underglaze blue painting on porcelain was well-established in Japan, and the Kozan workshop transformed this practice, combining multiple underglaze colors on a single item and introducing more subtle graduations of color.

168: 4612: 155: 1514:(Imperial Rule Party), a pro-government party, in 1882. Numerous political demonstrations followed, some of them violent, resulting in further government restrictions. The restrictions hindered the political parties and led to divisions within and among them. The Jiyūtō, which had opposed the Kaishinto, was disbanded in 1884 and Ōkuma resigned as Kaishintō president. 2872:, completed and published the first musical score collections, and educated the first Japanese choir conductors and music teachers. Among them are Roman Chiba, Alexey Obara, Innokentiy Kisu, Yakov Maedako, Petr Tokairin, Ioan Nakashima, Moisei Kawamura, Ioan Owata, Pavel Isiya, Vasiliy Takeda, Andrey Abe, Alexandr Komagai, Fedor Minato, Alexey Sawabe, Luka Orit. 1893:'s descriptions of Western clothing and customs were influential. Western dress became popular in the public sphere: many men adopted Western dress in the workplace, although kimono were still the norm for men at home and for women. In the 1890s the kimono reasserted itself, with people wearing bolder and brighter styles. A new type called the 2468:, whose family names sound the same but who were not related. Namikawa Sōsuke promoted his work as technically innovative and adopted a style resembling fine paintings. Namikawa Yasuyuki was more conservative, opting for geometrical patterns but gradually becoming more pictorial during his career. Along with the two Namikawa, the 2218:, and thus its isolation, the latter found itself defenseless against military pressures and economic exploitation by the Western powers. For Japan to emerge from the feudal period, it had to avoid the colonial fate of other Asian countries by establishing genuine national independence and equality. Following the 1909:

decorative under-kimono that would be covered by outer kimono that were plain or very simply designed. Even the clothing of infants and young children used bold colors, intricate designs, and materials common to adult fashions. Japanese exports led to kimono becoming an object of fascination in the West.

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At the start of the Meiji era, Japanese metalwork was almost totally unknown outside the country, unlike lacquer and porcelain which had previously been exported. Metalwork was connected to Buddhist practice, for example in the use of bronze for temple bells and incense cauldrons, so there were fewer

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was composed of nobility and imperial appointees. A cabinet was responsible to the Emperor and independent of the legislature. The Diet could approve government legislation and initiate laws, make representations to the government, and submit petitions to the Emperor. The Meiji Constitution lasted as

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and enamel. These wares were highly praised in the West. Seen in the West as distinctively Japanese, this style actually owed a lot to imported pigments and Western influences and had been created with export in mind. Workshops in many cities raced to produce this style to satisfy demand from Europe

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Japan's porcelain industry was well-established at the start of the Meiji era, but the mass-produced wares were not known for their elegance. During this era, technical and artistic innovations turned porcelain into one of the most internationally successful Japanese decorative art forms. The career

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The first railway was opened between Tokyo and Yokohama in 1872. The rail system was rapidly developed throughout Japan well into the twentieth century. The introduction of railway transportation led to more efficient production due to the decrease in transport costs, allowing manufacturing firms to

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Three years later, the Conference of Prefectural Governors established elected prefectural assemblies. Although limited in their authority, these assemblies represented a move in the direction of representative government at the national level, and by 1880 assemblies also had been formed in villages

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controlled all Shinto shrines and certain Shinto sects were given state recognition. Shinto was released from Buddhist administration and its properties restored. Although Buddhism suffered from state sponsorship of Shinto, it had its own resurgence. Christianity also was legalized, and Confucianism

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Undeterred by opposition, the Meiji leaders continued to modernize the nation through government-sponsored telegraph cable links to all major Japanese cities and the Asian mainland and construction of railroads, shipyards, munitions factories, mines, textile manufacturing facilities, factories, and

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Modern industry first appeared in textiles, including cotton and especially silk, which was based in home workshops in rural areas. Due to the importing of new textile manufacturing technology from Europe, between 1886 and 1897, Japan's total value of yarn output rose from 12 million to 176 million

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which portrayed the often empty rooms of the homes of the aristocracy of all levels, including the imperial palaces. Integrating Western cultural forms with an assumed, untouched native Japanese spirit was characteristic of Meiji society, especially at the top levels, and represented Japan's search

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Within the ruling circle, however, and despite the conservative approach of the leadership, Okuma continued as a lone advocate of British-style government, a government with political parties and a cabinet organized by the majority party, answerable to the national assembly. He called for elections

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is an archetype for the trajectory of Meiji art. He was passionate about preserving traditional influences but adopted new technologies from the West. He was an entrepreneur as well as an artist, organizing a workshop with many artisans and actively promoting his work at international exhibitions,

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Gold- or silver-decorated lacquerwares had been popular in the Edo period but fell out of favor in the early nineteenth-century due to economic hardship. The Meiji era saw a renewed interest in lacquer as artists developed new designs and experimented with new textures and finishes. Foremost among

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or 'hired foreigners') in a variety of specialist fields such as teaching foreign languages, science, engineering, the army and navy, among others; and the dispatch of many Japanese students overseas to Europe and America, based on the fifth and last article of the Charter Oath of 1868: 'Knowledge

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Throughout the period, however, political problems usually were solved through compromise, and political parties gradually increased their power over the government and held an ever-larger role in the political process as a result. Between 1891 and 1895, Ito served as Prime Minister with a cabinet

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In 1887, the Music Research Institute was reformed into Tokyo Academy of Music, which gave the Institution a new status and contributed to its further development. Western music was regarded as an essential contributory factor for modernization. The new curriculum was improved, and the number and

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enamel reached a technical peak, producing items more advanced than any that had existed before. The period from 1890 to 1910 was known as the "Golden age" of Japanese enamels. Artists experimented with pastes and with the firing process to produce ever larger blocks of enamel, with less need for

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In conjunction with the new conscription law, the Japanese government began modeling their ground forces after the French military. Indeed, the new Japanese army used the same rank structure as the French. The enlisted corps ranks were: private, noncommissioned officers, and officers. The private

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Other economic reforms passed by the government included the creation of a unified modern currency based on the yen, banking, commercial and tax laws, stock exchanges, and a communications network. Establishment of a modern institutional framework conductive to an advanced capitalist economy took

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led the last rebellion of the samurai in Kyūshū. In February 1877, Saigō left Kagoshima with a small contingent of soldiers on a journey to Tokyo. Kumamoto castle was the site of the first major engagement when garrisoned forces fired on Saigō's army as they attempted to force their way into the

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rather than abrupt changes of color. Another trend was for outer and inner garments of the same design. Another trend in the Meiji era was for women's under-kimono made by combining pieces of different fabric, sometimes of radically different colors and designs. For men, the trend was for highly

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in Japan occurred during the Meiji era. The industrial revolution began around 1870 as Meiji era leaders decided to catch up with the West. The government built railroads, improved roads, and inaugurated a land reform program to prepare the country for further development. It inaugurated a new

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Today, Masayuki Murata owns more than 10,000 Meiji art works and is one of the most enthusiastic collectors. From that time, most of the excellent works of Meiji Art were bought by foreign collectors and only a few of them remained in Japan, but because he bought back many works from foreign

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scientific, technological, philosophical, political, legal, and aesthetic ideas. As a result of such wholesale adoption of radically different ideas, the changes to Japan were profound, and affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations. The period

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in Philadelphia, the Japanese government created a Centennial Office and sent a special envoy to secure space for the 30,000 items that would be displayed. The Imperial Household also took an active interest in arts and crafts, commissioning works ("presentation wares") as gifts for foreign

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Gradually, Western music became an integral part of the Japanese culture where the importance of Western music was undertaken as a part of a social project. The military bands played prominent role in the society. That included public concerts of Western music, which were held in a famous

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Hand in hand, the zaibatsu and government led Japan through the process of industrialization, borrowing technology and economic policy from the West. Japan gradually took control of much of Asia's market for manufactured goods, beginning with textiles. The economic structure became very

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Tokyo Academy of Music became the first Western-style music educational establishment in Japan. This was the nascence of schools teaching composition in the Western style in Japan, the genesis of an opera tradition in Japan, and laid the foundations for the Japanese formal tradition of

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The interaction of Western and Japanese music in Meiji era is foremost linked to the military, religious and educational fields. The Japanese assimilated Western culture and its music with the same surprising speed. Music panorama in Japan gradually became lively and prolific where the

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called for the establishment of a formal legislature, civil rights, and greater pluralism in the Japanese political system. Journalists, politicians, and writers actively participated in the movement, which attracted an array of interest groups, including women's rights activists.

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wrote, "In no branch of applied art does the decorative genius of Japan show more attractive results than that of textile fabrics, and in none has there been more conspicuous progress during recent years. Kawashima of Kyoto inaugurated the departure a few years ago by copying a

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In 1870, Japan expanded its military production base by opening another arsenal in Osaka. The Osaka Arsenal was responsible for the production of machine guns and ammunition. Also, four gunpowder facilities were opened at this site. Japan's production capacity gradually expanded.

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had favored a constitutional form of government since before 1874, and several proposals for constitutional guarantees had been drafted. While acknowledging the realities of political pressure, however, the oligarchy was determined to keep control. Thus, modest steps were taken.

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With the contribution of foreign and Japanese authors, the first military music score collections were completed and published. In the military field, the Japanese conducting school was formed, the founders of which were English, French and German cultural figures such as

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classes were: jōtō-hei or upper soldier, ittō-sotsu or first-class soldier, and nitō-sotsu or second-class soldier. The noncommissioned officer class ranks were: gochō or corporal, gunsō or sergeant, sōchō or sergeant major, and tokumu-sōchō or special sergeant major.

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Although the government was not opposed to parliamentary rule, confronted with the drive for "people's rights", it continued to try to control the political situation. New laws in 1875 prohibited press criticism of the government or discussion of national laws. The

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On its return, one of the first acts of the government was to establish new ranks for the nobility. Five hundred people from the old court nobility, former daimyo, and samurai who had provided valuable service to the Emperor were organized into a new peerage, the

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and parliamentary mechanisms. Party participation was recognized as part of the political process. The Emperor shared his authority and gave rights and liberties to his subjects. It provided for the Imperial Diet (Teikoku Gikai), composed of a popularly elected

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Western-based education system for all young people, sent thousands of students to the United States and Europe, and hired more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan (O-yatoi gaikokujin).

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Many of the former daimyo, whose pensions had been paid in a lump sum, benefited greatly through investments they made in emerging industries. Those who had been informally involved in foreign trade before the Meiji Restoration also flourished. Old

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s direct administration including officers), and a move toward more democratic participation in government. To implement the Charter Oath, a rather short-lived constitution with eleven articles was drawn up in June 1868. Besides providing for a new

2408:. Imperial patronage, government sponsorship, promotion to new audiences, and Western technology combined to foster an era of Japanese artistic innovation. In the decorative arts, Japanese artists reached new levels of technical sophistication. 2507:, decorating the lacquer in gold or silver dust, was the most common technique for quality lacquerware in this period. Lacquer from Japanese workshops was recognized as technically superior to what could be produced anywhere else in the world. 1487:

were enacted as the basis for modern fiscal policy. Private ownership was legalized, deeds were issued, and lands were assessed at fair market value with taxes paid in cash rather than in kind as in pre-Meiji days and at slightly lower rates.

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to be held by 1882 and for a national assembly to be convened by 1883; in doing so, he precipitated a political crisis that ended with an 1881 imperial rescript declaring the establishment of a national assembly in 1890 and dismissing Okuma.

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The Meiji government assured the foreign powers that it would follow the old treaties negotiated by the bakufu and announced that it would act in accordance with international law. Mutsuhito, who was to reign until 1912, selected a new reign

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Ito was put in charge of the new Bureau for Investigation of Constitutional Systems in 1884, and the Council of State was replaced in 1885 with a cabinet headed by Ito as prime minister. The positions of chancellor (or chief-minister),

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shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of Imperial rule.' The process of modernization was closely monitored and heavily subsidized by the Meiji government, enhancing the power of the great

1576:(1841–1909), a Chōshū native long involved in government affairs, was charged with drafting Japan's constitution. He led a constitutional study mission abroad in 1882, spending most of his time in Germany. He rejected the 4636: 2403:

As Western imports became popular, demand for Japanese art declined within Japan itself. In Europe and America, the new availability of Japanese art led to a fascination for Japanese culture; a craze known in Europe as

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yen. In 1886, 62% of yarn in Japan was imported; by 1902, most yarn was produced locally. By 1913, Japan was producing 672 million pounds of yarn per year, becoming the world's fourth-largest exporter of cotton yarn.

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weaponry equipped Japanese metalworkers to create metallic finishes in a wide range of colors. By combining and finishing copper, silver and gold in different proportions, they created specialized alloys including

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and America, often producing quickly and cheaply. So, the term "Satsuma ware" came to be associated not with a place of origin but with lower-quality ware created purely for export. Despite this, artists such as

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to modernize Japan, combining modern advances with traditional values. Mutsuhito was sympathetic to these ideas, leading to a call for the restoration of the governing power to the emperor. On November 9, 1867,

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with ivory and wood lost their demand. Therefore, they tried to create a new field, ivory sculptures for interior decoration, and many elaborate works were exported to foreign countries or purchased by the

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The industrial economy continued to expand rapidly, until about 1920, due to inputs of advanced Western technology and large private investments. By World War I, Japan had become a major industrial nation.

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lost their status as the only class with military privileges. However, during the Meiji period, most leaders in Japanese society (politics, business and military) were ex-samurai or descendants of samurai.

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The very first stage of Western adaptation in the Meiji period is associated with the military field. A little before the reopening of Japan the first military academy based on Dutch model was founded in

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move into more populated interior regions of Japan in search for labor input. The railway also enabled newfound access to raw materials that had previously been too difficult or too costly to transport.

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In the sixteenth century Portuguese missionaries introduced the first Western-style music to Japan: sacred choral music, music for organ, flute, harp, trumpet, violin, alto, double bass. However, soon

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signed in London on January 30, 1902, Japan joined the Allies in World War I, seizing German-held territory in China and the Pacific in the process, but otherwise remained largely out of the conflict.

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where, alongside the military training, military music was taught, since it was acknowledged to be an important component of the martial arts. The first military band, called kotekitai, consisted of

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as "too liberal", and the British system as too unwieldy, and having a parliament with too much control over the monarchy; the French and Spanish models were rejected as tending toward despotism.

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composed mostly of genrō who wanted to establish a government party to control the House of Representatives. Although not fully realized, the trend toward party politics was well established.

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opportunities for metalworkers once Buddhism was displaced as the state religion. International exhibitions brought Japanese cast bronze to a new foreign audience, attracting strong praise.

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developed a German-style general staff system with a chief of staff who had direct access to the Emperor and who could operate independently of the army minister and civilian officials.

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time, but was completed by the 1890s, by which time the government had largely relinquished direct control of the modernization process, primarily for budgetary reasons. The

2310:. As well as heavily funding the fairs, the government took an active role organizing how Japan's culture was presented to the world. It created a semi-public company — the 1491:

Dissatisfied with the pace of reform after having rejoined the Council of State in 1875, Itagaki organized his followers and other democratic proponents into the nationwide

1537:(genrōin) tasked with reviewing proposals for a legislature. The Emperor declared that "constitutional government shall be established in gradual stages" as he ordered the 9647: 9565: 1808:. This essay certainly encouraged the economic and technological rise of Japan in the Meiji era, but it also may have laid the intellectual foundations for later Japanese 2860:(served in the Orthodox mission from 1874 to 1886) and Dmytro Livovsky (served in the Orthodox mission from 1880 to 1921). They organized the first traditional choirs in 1554: 4928: 1708:

with a very limited franchise of male citizens who were over twenty-five years of age and paid fifteen yen in national taxes (approximately 1% of the population). The

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The rapid modernization during the Meiji era was not without its opponents, as the rapid changes to society caused many disaffected traditionalists from the former

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The Orthodox mission introduced traditional choral music in Japan. The great impact in the choral music development was made by Ukrainian musicians: conductors

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of 1873 was another significant fiscal reform by the Meiji government, establishing the right of private land ownership for the first time in Japan's history.

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was emphasized. The government supported Shinto teachers, a small but important move. Although the Office of Shinto Worship was demoted in 1872, by 1877 the

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The elite class of the Meiji era adapted many aspects of Victorian taste, as seen in the construction of Western-style pavilions and reception rooms called

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in 1873. Itagaki sought peaceful, rather than rebellious, means to gain a voice in government. He started a school and a movement aimed at establishing a

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The common people, no less than the civil and military of officials, shall each be allowed to pursue his own calling so that there may be no discontent.

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Government leaders, long preoccupied with violent threats to stability and the serious leadership split over the Korean affair, generally agreed that

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toured Europe and the US to learn western ways. The result was a deliberate state-led industrialization policy to enable Japan to quickly catch up.

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maintained the highest artistic standards while also successfully exporting. From 1876 to 1913, Kōzan won prizes at 51 exhibitions, including the

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Despite the Conscription Law of 1873, and all the reforms and progress, the new Japanese army was still untested. That all changed in 1877, when

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Confirmed in their hereditary positions, the daimyo became governors, and the central government assumed their administrative expenses and paid

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in the prior thousand years and Buddhism had been closely connected with the shogunate, this involved the separation of Shinto and Buddhism (

1603:(1838–1922), a Chōshū native who has been credited with the founding of the modern Japanese army and was to become the first constitutional 10271: 6334: 10404: 9790: 9721: 5864: 5335: 2998:

Conversely, the conversion table of Gregorian calendar years 1868 to 1872 to the traditional Japanese lunisolar calendar is shown below:

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In the early years of constitutional government, the strengths and weaknesses of the Meiji Constitution were revealed. A small clique of

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after fifty-four days. Saigō's troops fled north and were pursued by the national army. The national army caught up with Saigō at Mt.

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tendered his resignation to the Emperor, and "put his prerogatives at the Emperor’s disposal", formally stepping down ten days later.

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in 1874, criticizing the unbridled power of the oligarchy and calling for the immediate establishment of representative government.

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There were at least two reasons for the speed of Japan's modernization: the employment of more than 3,000 foreign experts (called

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remained an important ethical doctrine. Increasingly, however, Japanese thinkers identified with Western ideology and methods.

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Inasmuch as the Meiji Restoration had sought to return the Emperor to a preeminent position, efforts were made to establish a

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debated how best to blend the new influences coming from the West with local Japanese culture. Grassroots movements like the

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How the Japanese became foreign to themselves : the impact of globalization on the private and public spheres in Japan

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missionaries started actively preaching, and the introduction of sacred music became an integral part of their activities.

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On January 1, 1873, Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar. To convert any Gregorian calendar year between 1873 and 1912 to

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The Osaka Conference in 1875 resulted in the reorganization of government with an independent judiciary and an appointed

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Japanese calendar. The first five years of the era correspond to the following date ranges in the Gregorian calendar:

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in 1871, and authority continued to flow to the national government. Officials from the favored former han, such as

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Japonisme and the rise of the modern art movement : the arts of the Meiji period : the Khalili collection

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Hane, M. Reflections on the Way to the Gallows: Rebel Women in Prewar Japan. University of California Press. 1988.

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To further strengthen the authority of the State, the Supreme War Council was established under the leadership of

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The educational field also was a major way for adopting Western-style music. The educational reforms were led by

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Iwao, Nagasaki (2015). "Clad in the aesthetics of tradition: from kosode to kimono". In Jackson, Anna (ed.).

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The government took an active interest in the art export market, promoting Japanese arts at a succession of

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All classes, high and low, shall unite in vigorously carrying out the administration of the affairs of state

1095:. However, there were also former samurai who remained loyal while serving in the Meiji government, such as 10266: 10137: 9596: 9537: 9527: 5775: 5587: 5134: 2791: 2316:(First Industrial Manufacturing Company) — to promote and commercialize exports of art and established the 2029: 1484: 959: 949: 893: 878: 835: 2428:

also owns excellent works of Meiji Art, some of which were donated to the state and are now stored in the

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Guth, Christine M. E. (2015). "The Meiji era: the ambiguities of modernization". In Jackson, Anna (ed.).

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Tang, John P. (September 2014). "Railroad Expansion and Industrialization: Evidence from Meiji Japan".

3406: 2841:, along with its institutions, was banned. In the Meiji era, the ban of Christianity was lifted. Thus, 1577: 1396: 930: 788: 543: 402: 8685: 8435: 8248: 8208: 8051: 7623: 2673: 1545:

and towns. In 1880 delegates from twenty-four prefectures held a national convention to establish the

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Splendors of Meiji : treasures of imperial Japan : masterpieces from the Khalili Collection

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in their homes. These parts of Meiji homes were displayed in popular magazines of the time, such as

1203:

Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule.

628: 10435: 10301: 10084: 10031: 9979: 9601: 9429: 9230: 6019: 5930: 5728: 5711: 5617: 5602: 5506: 5474: 5447: 4846: 3961:"[Review:] Japonisme and the Rise of the Modern Art Movement: The Arts of the Meiji Period" 1918: 1684: 1303:, and lower-ranking samurai, replaced bakufu appointees and daimyo as a new ruling class appeared. 750: 668: 633: 591: 8071: 7313: 4925:“Tra realtà e finzione: la rivalutazione della narrativa premoderna nella critica letteraria Meiji 4858: 4804:

Jackson, Anna (2015). "Dress in the Meiji period: change and continuity". In Jackson, Anna (ed.).

4127:- Japanese spirit, Western techniques: Meiji period arts for the West". In Irvine, Gregory (ed.). 10124: 10001: 9931: 9740: 9492: 9419: 5894: 5822: 5812: 5689: 5622: 5421: 3572: 2725: 2656: 2652: 2612: 2480: 2425: 2242: 2230: 2075: 1832: 1677: 1653: 1630: 1604: 1458: 1389: 870: 693: 523: 508: 94: 89: 7075: 6887: 2834:

Christian missions also became an important way for spreading Western-style music in Meiji era.

2634:

In the Meiji period, Japanese clothes began to be westernized and the number of people who wore

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Black Ships & Samurai Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan (1853-1854), by John W Dower

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Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of nature.

1039:

that extended from October 23, 1868, to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the

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Deliberative assembly shall be widely established and all matters decided by public discussion

10425: 9865: 9327: 8805: 6247: 6179: 6169: 6071: 6009: 5975: 5945: 5874: 5699: 5667: 5219: 5048: 4908: 4405: 3872: 3621: 3535: 3002:

Conversion table of Gregorian calendar years 1868 to 1872 to the Japanese lunisolar calendar

1948: 1929: 1815: 1724:

elite continued to rule Japan, becoming institutionalized as an extra-constitutional body of

1361: 528: 109: 8943: 7919: 5306: 4973:. circa 1890s. 40 photographic prints (1 box) : hand colored ; sizes vary. At the 4947:

Kitahara, Michio. Commodore Perry and the Japanese: A Study in the Dramaturgy of Power, 1986

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Nakae, C. and Tsukui, N. and Hammond, J. A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government. 1984.

2553: 2291: 2233:(1894–1895), Japan broke through as an international power with a victory against Russia in 2219: 2040:-serving firms that clung to their traditional ways failed in the new business environment. 1889:

issued a proclamation promoting Western dress over the allegedly effeminate Japanese dress.

1596:

was established in 1888 to evaluate the forthcoming constitution and to advise the Emperor.

9996: 9820: 9810: 9322: 6262: 6004: 5743: 5704: 5612: 5572: 5189: 3391: 2888: 2679: 2416:, the study and reevaluation of Meiji Art rapidly advanced in Japan from the 21st century. 1462: 1327: 1280: 1132: 653: 558: 419: 315: 222: 6561: 4881:

Meiji, Japanese Art in Transition, Ceramics, Cloisonné, Lacquer, Prints, Organized by the

2275:

and would have lasting negative repercussions on foreign relations between Japan and both

2134:

class, not happy with Ōmura's views on conscription, assassinated him the following year.

1925:

Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining

1863:

for a place within a new world power system in which European colonial empires dominated.

8: 10223: 10170: 10143: 10133: 10079: 10074: 10059: 9936: 9760: 9439: 9434: 9317: 6252: 6184: 6174: 6057: 5935: 5817: 5787: 5484: 3561:

Tseng, Alice Y. (2008). "Kuroda Seiki's Morning Toilette on Exhibition in Modern Kyoto".

2815: 2775: 2123: 2115: 703: 658: 623: 533: 10011: 2157: 1838:

The Meiji era saw a flowering of public discourse on the direction of Japan. Works like

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Conversion table for the first five years of the Meiji era to the Gregorian calendar

2892: 2846: 2807: 2461: 2445: 2354: 2126:

established Japan's first military academy in Kyoto. Ōmura further proposed military

1657: 1534: 1176: 1153: 1112: 1092: 1032: 1017: 915: 898: 845: 830: 518: 480: 358: 138: 9382: 8141: 4931:(Rettorato dell'Università "L'Orientale", Palazzo Du Mesnil, in via Partenope 10/A. 2378: 2346: 2184: 1088: 1077: 10374: 10094: 9815: 9487: 8457: 6967: 6571: 6257: 6096: 6049: 6034: 5970: 5852: 5795: 5677: 5296: 5101: 5091: 4776: 4651: 4519:"Западные влияния в музыкальном искусстве Японии периода Мейдзи (1868 — 1912)" 4514: 3842: 3633: 3580: 3576: 3563: 2721: 2584: 2100: 1890: 1793: 1661: 1600: 1335: 1334:) and the associated destruction of various Buddhist temples and related violence ( 1157: 1036: 954: 465: 374: 192: 10349: 8895: 8101: 5224: 4927:" (" (). XXXIV CONVEGNO DI STUDI SUL GIAPPONE AISTUGIA (16-17-18 settembre 2010) 2222:, Japan released the Chinese coolies from a western ship in 1872, after which the 1128: 10394: 10099: 10021: 9941: 9414: 9253: 7910: 7553: 6121: 6091: 6086: 5999: 5965: 5884: 5577: 5469: 5388: 5368: 5269: 5129: 4970: 4840: 3487: 3401: 3381: 2601: 2440: 2303: 2189: 1956: 1633: 1522: 1446: 1432: 1331: 1180: 1100: 1040: 855: 663: 648: 638: 548: 336: 104: 10016: 6749: 6581: 5194: 4974: 4536:

The beginnings of western music in Meiji Era Japan: Thesis Ph. D. / Ury Eppstein

2597: 2573: 2342: 2272: 1839: 1573: 1326:-oriented state much like it was 1,000 years earlier. Since Shinto and Buddhism 1096: 234: 10344: 10238: 10064: 10054: 9911: 9875: 9297: 8354: 8167: 6301: 6237: 6189: 6146: 6039: 5940: 5318: 5124: 4938:

Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan

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In 1868, the Japanese government established the Tokyo Arsenal. The same year,

1905: 1801: 1717: 1668:, and the Cabinet were his followers. The Prime Minister would be elected by a 1665: 1565: 1526: 1284: 920: 455: 386: 343: 10379: 10354: 7831: 7583: 7403: 6649: 6469: 4872: 4655: 3846: 3484: 2884: 1992: 1350:) was established, ranking even above the Council of State in importance. The 1272:, symbolizing that the land and people were under the Emperor's jurisdiction. 10419: 9870: 9591: 9581: 9409: 9374: 6449: 6199: 6111: 6100: 5869: 5733: 5489: 4920:

by Fukuzawa Yukichi, a best-selling book of Meiji Japan (English Translation)

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voluntarily surrendered their land and census records to the Emperor in the

1087:

class to rebel against the Meiji government during the 1870s, most famously

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Class distinctions were mostly eliminated during modernization to create a

1339: 1207:

Implicit in the Charter Oath was an end to exclusive political rule by the

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year in Meiji era, 1867 needs to be subtracted from the year in question.

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Kublin, Hyman (November 1949). "The "modern" army of early meiji Japan".

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issued a notice providing for the establishment of public parks, that of

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The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor

2130:

be filled by all classes of people including farmers and merchants. The

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Master Potter of Meiji Japan: Makuzu Kōzan (1842-1916) and His Workshop

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is also one of the world's most dedicated collectors of Meiji art, and

2259:

The final years of the Meiji era were also marked by the annexation of

1986: 1782: 1403: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1356:

ideas of the Mito school were embraced, and the divine ancestry of the

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Western influences on the Japanese music in Meiji period (1868-1912) (

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Explanatory Notes on pictures in Memorial Picture Gallery, Meiji Jingū

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by Suzuki Chokichi, 1893, bronze, lacquer, casting, gilding, and inlay

1896: 10243: 10218: 10213: 10026: 9830: 9502: 9171: 9083: 8953: 8775: 8507: 8061: 7961: 7613: 7471: 7273: 7245: 7125: 6877: 6847: 6709: 6521: 6226: 5529: 5363: 4084: 2842: 2798:, performing marches, patriotic music and European composers’ works ( 2542: 2405: 2253: 2234: 2020: 2008: 1492: 1454: 1139: 1044: 781: 475: 9093: 8963: 8743: 8575: 8565: 8517: 8445: 8415: 8395: 8385: 8188: 7841: 7811: 7603: 7573: 7443: 7195: 7027: 6799: 6759: 6729: 6659: 6541: 6459: 5023: 4780: 2875:

All of them became Orthodox Christians and adopted Christian names.

2732:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 1378: 1264: 1208: 1145: 10322: 9755: 9446: 9390: 8983: 8328: 7761: 7741: 7633: 7541: 7433: 6809: 4637:"Castles and the Militarisation of Urban Society in Imperial Japan" 2771: 1978: 1789:

movement, a spontaneous outbreak of ecstatic behavior, took place.

1771: 1763: 1585: 1262:. In a move critical for the consolidation of the new regime, most 9222: 9043: 9013: 8933: 8487: 8218: 8081: 8011: 7821: 7511: 7393: 7373: 7263: 7215: 7185: 7155: 7115: 7095: 6987: 6977: 6789: 6779: 6719: 6699: 6679: 6639: 6220: 2896: 2370: 2110: 1725: 1538: 9497: 9192: 8875: 8815: 8733: 8497: 8405: 8338: 8308: 8131: 8121: 7731: 7423: 7105: 7065: 6867: 6819: 6621: 6232: 6159: 6154: 5040: 4912: 4615:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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occurred the next year on January 3, 1868, with the formation of

1084: 9113: 9053: 8885: 8845: 8625: 8585: 8258: 8198: 7721: 7521: 7333: 7283: 7225: 7175: 7145: 6601: 4986: 3458:; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, 3018: 2322:(Exhibition Bureau) to maintain quality standards. For the 1876 158: 10175: 9349: 9033: 9003: 8993: 8923: 8695: 8675: 8615: 8595: 8298: 8041: 8021: 7791: 7691: 7681: 7593: 7383: 6997: 6242: 6164: 6141: 6126: 6081: 5415: 2908: 2646: 2635: 2503: 2485: 2215: 2037: 1982: 1878: 1759: 1323: 1306: 1226: 460: 50: 8467: 8268: 6829: 9542: 9073: 9023: 8973: 8855: 8795: 8765: 8635: 8425: 8375: 8365: 8318: 8238: 8228: 8178: 8031: 8001: 7781: 7751: 7711: 7701: 7501: 7453: 7413: 7085: 6907: 6739: 6689: 6479: 6216: 6066: 6062: 5071: 4903: 4407:

Japan and Britain after 1859 : creating cultural bridges

2900: 2865: 2795: 2260: 1775: 1767: 1750: 1296: 1255: 1251: 1235: 67: 9063: 8278: 7531: 6927: 4188: 4186: 4022: 4020: 2779: 2588: 1499:(Liberal Party), which favored French political doctrines. 1453:

leader who had resigned from the Council of State over the

1300: 167: 3754: 3730: 154: 4373: 3684: 3682: 3669: 3667: 1901:

bridged the gap between formal dress and everyday dress.

1882: 1652:

was enacted on November 29, 1890. It was a form of mixed

1259: 6342: 4886:, 's-Gravenhage, the Netherlands, Gemeentemuseum, 1987. 4576:"Women Music Educators in Japan during the Meiji Period" 4431: 4385: 4349: 4226: 4183: 4017: 1043:, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated 4975:

University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections

4580:

Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education

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powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized

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In 1871, a group of Japanese politicians known as the

9191:

Not recognized by the Northern Court, which retained

4690:. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Broughton International Inc. 3857:– via CRKN Cambridge University Press Journals. 4964:

Lt. John T. Alderson collection of Japan photographs

4361: 4305: 4238: 4211: 4168: 4153: 4101: 4005: 3925: 3913: 3349: 2267:

would persist until Japan's defeat and surrender in

1342:

had to be constructed for the purpose. In 1871, the

4330: 4281: 4269: 4250: 4066: 3978: 3787:

A short economic history of modern Japan, 1867-1937

3718: 1445:A major proponent of representative government was 3652: 1568:and other conservatives borrowed heavily from the 1183:to boost morale and win financial support for the 9203:reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts 4839:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). 4808:. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 112–151. 4806:Kimono: the art and evolution of Japanese fashion 4742:Kimono: the art and evolution of Japanese fashion 4717:. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 106–111. 4715:Kimono: the art and evolution of Japanese fashion 3766: 3483: 1619:Ceremony for the Promulgation of the Constitution 10417: 10400:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 2472:has produced many high-quality cloisonné works. 2295:Mythical group in bronze by Otake Koriyuni, the 2070:Japanese soldiers in front of Kankaimon gate at 1179:in 1868, a general statement of the aims of the 10370:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation 4507: 3560: 2256:, reflecting the development of the Meiji era. 2090: 1010: 9359: 5028: 5009: 4991: 4929:Università degli studi di Napoli "L'Orientale" 4744:. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 8–11. 4567: 4335:. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–9, 28. 4131:. New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 177. 3789:(3rd rev. ed.). London: Allen and Unwin. 2761:Western-inspired style music was flourishing. 2424:encompasses many categories of Meiji art. The 2328: 2317: 2311: 1904:The technology of the time allowed for subtle 1894: 1004: 9238: 6328: 5056: 4538:. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. p. 184. 3622:"Was Meiji Taste in Interiors "Orientalist?"" 1175:The first reform was the promulgation of the 979: 4644:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2583:was a name originally given to pottery from 2241:of 1904–1905. Allied with Britain since the 2229:Following Japan's victory over China in the 2118:in 1877 effectively ended the samurai class. 2054:Japanese military modernization of 1868–1931 1881:started to use Western technologies such as 1844:A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government 1164:in the summer of 1868 marked the end of the 9722:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office 4863:Rickman, J. (2003). Sunset of the samurai. 4533: 1254:, where it had been situated since 794, to 1138:This coincided with pressure on the ruling 9245: 9231: 6335: 6321: 5063: 5049: 3954: 3952: 3463:Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File 986: 972: 49: 10120:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 9735:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors 4574:Howe, Sondra Wieland (Winter 1993–1994). 4573: 4480: 4478: 4403: 2915:quality of the musical events increased. 2748:Learn how and when to remove this message 1873:Japanese clothing during the Meiji period 1419:Learn how and when to remove this message 44:October 23, 1868 – July 30, 1912 9508:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement 9205:in 1392 and Meitoku retained until 1394. 4873:No sleep, no rest: Meiji law enforcement 4527: 4455: 4038: 3397:List of political figures of Meiji Japan 2611: 2604:and the National Industrial Exhibition. 2552: 2514: 2479: 2439: 2290: 2170: 2151: 2109: 2065: 2007: 1991: 1928: 1814: 1745: 1613: 1467:The Freedom and People's Rights Movement 1305: 1225: 5336:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) 4803: 4634: 4523:. Kyiv: «Музична Україна». p. 272. 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 3958: 3949: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3673: 2868:(known as Nikolai-do), taught music in 1238:to Tokyo at the end of 1868, after the 14: 10418: 10318:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 4833:Osaka army arsenal (osaka hohei kosho) 4766: 4475: 4122: 3931: 3919: 3817: 3626:Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 27:Period of Japanese history (1868–1912) 9226: 9198:Not recognized by the Southern Court. 7889: 6362: 6316: 5044: 4685: 4437: 4391: 4379: 4367: 4355: 4318: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4244: 4232: 4220: 4208:, Vol. 29, No. 2, March, 2008, p. 136 4192: 4177: 4162: 4110: 4072: 4026: 4011: 3999: 3987: 3943: 3784: 3632:(3). Duke University Press: 637–673. 2984:February 19, 1871 – February 8, 1872 2976:February 1, 1870 – February 18, 1871 2968:February 11, 1869 – January 31, 1870 2960:October 23, 1868 – February 10, 1869 2638:decreased, so the craftsmen who made 1699:made relatively small concessions to 1625:, showing the Emperor presenting the 1299:staffed the new ministries. Formerly 1279:stipends. The han were replaced with 1123:On February 3, 1867, the 14-year-old 1016: 9727:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff 9483:Imperial Rule Assistance Association 4904:(In Japanese) Meiji Taisho 1868–1926 4739: 4712: 4548: 4542: 4494: 3959:Liddell, C. B. (December 14, 2013). 3861: 3832: 3822:. New York: Norton. pp. 379–80. 3772: 3724: 3658: 3619: 3533: 3477: 2922: 2919:familiarization with Western music. 2697: 2199: 1848:Freedom and People's Rights Movement 1762:, consisting of five ranks: prince, 1401:adding citations to reliable sources 1372: 1258:(Eastern Capital), the new name for 1187:. Its five provisions consisted of: 1106: 10390:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman 9637:East Asia Development Board (Kōain) 9252: 4883:Society for Japanese Art and Crafts 3439:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). " 2398:right side, 1895, by Hashimoto Gahō 2324:Centennial International Exhibition 1831:in 1895 caused a stir, captured by 1792:In 1885, noted public intellectual 1680:was the actual head of government. 1650:Constitution of the Empire of Japan 1521:should someday be established. The 1483:Between 1871 and 1873, a series of 24: 5512:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami 5070: 4116: 3510:"Meiji Constitution | 1889, Japan" 3422:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) 2829: 2628:Khalili Collection of Japanese Art 2430:Museum of the Imperial Collections 2297:Khalili Collection of Japanese Art 1919:Industrial Revolution § Japan 1328:had molded into a syncretic belief 100:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895) 85:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874) 25: 10467: 5379:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947) 4897: 4302:, pp. 66, 70, 237, 370, 372. 2764: 2444:Flower and bird pattern vase, by 2271:in 1945 during the middle of the 2224:Qing imperial government of China 1819:Display of a painting of a nude, 10090:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 9358: 7890: 6297: 6296: 6285: 4610: 4410:. Routledge Curzon. p. 45. 3498:] (in Japanese and English). 3366: 3352: 2702: 2607: 2385: 2362: 2335:Artist to the Imperial Household 2206:Foreign relations of Meiji Japan 2179:men taken by Torii Ryūzō in 1900 1996:1907 Tokyo Industrial Exhibition 1713:the fundamental law until 1947. 1377: 199: 166: 153: 10451:1912 disestablishments in Japan 10105:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 5018:23 October 1868 – 30 July 1912 4443: 4397: 4324: 4198: 4089: 4078: 4032: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3835:The Journal of Economic History 3826: 3811: 3778: 2992:February 9 – December 31, 1872 2451:During the Meiji era, Japanese 1934:Hokkaidō Development Commission 1469:. Itagaki and others wrote the 1388:needs additional citations for 10360:Japanese settlers in Manchuria 9478:Imperial Rescript on Education 5865:Agriculture, forestry, fishing 4830:National Diet Library (n.d.). 4553:. Tel Aviv: 大空社. p. 737. 3613: 3604: 3595: 3581:10.1080/00043079.2008.10786401 3554: 3527: 3502: 3468: 3433: 2927: 2655:. In particular, the works of 2475: 2141:In 1872, Yamagata Aritomo and 1941:Historical Village of Hokkaido 1829:National Industrial Exhibition 1781:In the transition between the 1672:. In reality, the Emperor was 1642:Meiji Memorial Picture Gallery 1572:. One of the Meiji oligarchy, 1570:Prussian constitutional system 13: 1: 9811:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha) 9717:Imperial General Headquarters 9308:Foreign commerce and shipping 4604: 3910:National Diet Library (2008). 3059: 2620: 2587:, elaborately decorated with 2562: 2237:(north-eastern China) in the 2074:at the time of the so-called 1796:wrote the influential essay " 1564:Rejecting the British model, 1465:. Such movements were called 1313: 1064:corresponded to the reign of 149: 10446:1868 establishments in Japan 10138:Hirohito surrender broadcast 9538:Greater East Asia Conference 6363: 4918:"Encouragement for Learning" 4463:Introduction to Meiji Crafts 4331:Moyra Clare Pollard (2002). 4204:Earle, Joe, "Zeshin Redux", 3785:Allen, George Cyril (1972). 2932:Prior to Japan adopting the 2878: 2548: 2510: 2091:Early Meiji period (1868–77) 2015:, 1910; in January 1873 the 7: 9523:Supreme Court of Judicature 5453:1923 Great Kantō earthquake 5399:Abolition of the han system 4957: 4876:. Retrieved August 5, 2008. 4870:Shinsengumihq.com, (n.d.). 4836:. Retrieved August 5, 2008. 3540:. Berlin: Lit. p. 72. 3412:Battle of Yalu River (1894) 3345: 2862:Holy Resurrection Cathedral 2728:the claims made and adding 2666: 2329: 2318: 2312: 2081: 2047: 1895: 1368: 1270:abolition of the Han system 1119:Abolition of the han system 1047:at risk of colonization by 1011: 10: 10472: 10229:Second Philippine Republic 10007:Manchuria–Mongolia problem 4969:September 4, 2015, at the 4911:, "The Japanese Calendar" 4085:Kiyomizu Sannenzaka Museum 3407:Battle of Pyongyang (1894) 2870:Tokyo Theological Seminary 2435: 2414:Kiyomizu Sannenzaka Museum 2377:(竜虎図) left side, 1895, by 2327:dignitaries. In 1890, the 2203: 2103:forced the signing of the 2051: 1922: 1916: 1912: 1870: 1866: 1739: 1735: 1578:United States Constitution 1430: 1116: 1110: 90:Japanese invasion of Korea 10337: 10310: 10252: 10206: 10163: 10156: 10110:Japan during World War II 10070:Pacification of Manchukuo 10040: 9970: 9962:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 9957:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 9895: 9888: 9839: 9826:Control Faction (Tōseiha) 9779: 9705: 9698: 9645: 9563: 9556: 9548:Imperial Japanese Airways 9455: 9402: 9367: 9356: 9260: 9201:Genchū discontinued upon 9187: 9167: 9157: 9147: 9137: 9127: 9109: 9099: 9089: 9079: 9069: 9059: 9049: 9039: 9029: 9019: 9009: 8999: 8989: 8979: 8969: 8959: 8949: 8939: 8929: 8919: 8901: 8891: 8881: 8871: 8861: 8851: 8841: 8831: 8821: 8811: 8801: 8791: 8781: 8771: 8761: 8754: 8749: 8739: 8729: 8719: 8701: 8691: 8681: 8671: 8661: 8651: 8641: 8631: 8621: 8611: 8601: 8591: 8581: 8571: 8561: 8551: 8541: 8531: 8513: 8503: 8493: 8483: 8473: 8463: 8456: 8451: 8441: 8431: 8421: 8411: 8401: 8391: 8381: 8371: 8361: 8352: 8334: 8324: 8314: 8304: 8294: 8284: 8274: 8264: 8254: 8244: 8234: 8224: 8214: 8204: 8194: 8184: 8174: 8165: 8147: 8137: 8127: 8117: 8107: 8097: 8087: 8077: 8067: 8057: 8047: 8037: 8027: 8017: 8007: 7997: 7987: 7977: 7967: 7957: 7903: 7899: 7885: 7857: 7847: 7837: 7827: 7817: 7807: 7797: 7787: 7777: 7767: 7757: 7747: 7737: 7727: 7717: 7707: 7697: 7687: 7677: 7667: 7649: 7639: 7629: 7619: 7609: 7599: 7589: 7579: 7569: 7559: 7552: 7547: 7537: 7527: 7517: 7507: 7497: 7487: 7477: 7467: 7449: 7439: 7429: 7419: 7409: 7399: 7389: 7379: 7369: 7359: 7349: 7339: 7329: 7319: 7309: 7299: 7289: 7279: 7269: 7259: 7241: 7231: 7221: 7211: 7201: 7191: 7181: 7171: 7161: 7151: 7141: 7131: 7121: 7111: 7101: 7091: 7081: 7071: 7061: 7051: 7033: 7023: 7013: 7003: 6993: 6983: 6973: 6963: 6953: 6943: 6933: 6923: 6913: 6903: 6893: 6883: 6873: 6863: 6853: 6843: 6825: 6815: 6805: 6795: 6785: 6775: 6765: 6755: 6745: 6735: 6725: 6715: 6705: 6695: 6685: 6675: 6665: 6655: 6645: 6635: 6617: 6607: 6597: 6587: 6577: 6567: 6557: 6547: 6537: 6527: 6517: 6507: 6500: 6495: 6485: 6475: 6465: 6455: 6445: 6435: 6373: 6369: 6358: 6280: 6048: 5926: 5917: 5860: 5851: 5786: 5663: 5659: 5650: 5563: 5554: 5522: 5465:Japan during World War II 5435: 5344: 5282:Mongol invasions of Japan 5257: 5182: 5109: 5100: 5082: 5029: 5020: 5010: 5000: 4992: 4983: 4769:The Far Eastern Quarterly 4656:10.1017/S0080440118000063 4628:Federal Research Division 4518: 4404:Checkland, Olive (2003). 4123:Irvine, Gregory (2013). " 3847:10.1017/S002205071400062X 3818:Landes, David S. (1999). 2412:countries and opened the 2160:pictured with leaders of 1541:to draft a constitution. 1519:constitutional government 1437:Government of Meiji Japan 1072:and was succeeded by the 1068:. It was preceded by the 1005: 539:Invasion of Taiwan (1895) 514:Invasion of Taiwan (1874) 162: 152: 144: 134: 124: 73: 63: 48: 43: 34: 10085:Second Sino-Japanese War 10032:Racial Equality Proposal 9612:Agriculture and Commerce 5739:House of Representatives 5535:2019 imperial transition 5507:Great Hanshin earthquake 5475:Second Sino-Japanese War 5448:Japan during World War I 4847:Harvard University Press 4461:Masayuki Murata. (2017) 3638:10.1215/10679847-8-3-637 3491: 3427: 3045:Meiji 3/11/11 – 4/11/20 3037:Meiji 2/11/30 – 3/11/10 3029:Meiji 1/11/19 – 2/11/29 3010:Japanese calendar range 2693: 2426:Japanese Imperial Family 2308:1873 Vienna World's Fair 2023:following shortly after. 1706:House of Representatives 1685:representative democracy 1449:(1837–1919), a powerful 1344:Office of Shinto Worship 1076:, upon the accession of 751:Great Hanshin earthquake 669:Second Sino-Japanese War 10002:Washington Naval Treaty 9947:Anglo–Japanese Alliance 9932:First Sino-Japanese War 9751:Nuclear weapons program 9493:Great Japan Youth Party 9420:National seals of Japan 5422:First Sino-Japanese War 4487:Encyclopædia Britannica 4048:Japan Society of the UK 3901:Shinsengumihq.com, n.d. 3573:College Art Association 3514:Encyclopedia Britannica 3053:Meiji 4/11/21 – 5/12/2 3021:3/12/7 – Meiji 1/11/18 2782:, was organized there. 2674:Encyclopædia Britannica 2243:Anglo-Japanese Alliance 2231:First Sino-Japanese War 1785:and the Meiji era, the 1459:constitutional monarchy 597:Intervention in Siberia 524:First Sino-Japanese War 95:First Sino-Japanese War 10050:Shōwa financial crisis 9842:Imperial Japanese Navy 9782:Imperial Japanese Army 9513:Peace Preservation Law 5890:Science and technology 5329:Council of Five Elders 5324:Azuchi–Momoyama period 4635:Benesch, Oleg (2018). 4623:Japan: A Country Study 4098:Japan Arts Foundation. 3534:Hein, Patrick (2009). 3417:Battle of Jiuliancheng 2631: 2568: 2524: 2493: 2470:Ando Cloisonné Company 2448: 2299: 2286: 2226:gave thanks to Japan. 2180: 2168: 2166:Taiwan Expedition 1874 2119: 2078: 2062:Imperial Japanese Navy 2058:Imperial Japanese Army 2024: 1997: 1944: 1835: 1754: 1645: 1338:). Furthermore, a new 1319: 1242: 1135:as the 122nd emperor. 1127:succeeded his father, 926:Science and technology 679:Attack on Pearl Harbor 602:Great Kantō earthquake 544:Colonization of Taiwan 471:Convention of Kanagawa 311:Former Nine Years' War 254:1000 BC – 300 AD 240:14,000 – 1000 BC 9992:Siberian Intervention 9801:Railways and Shipping 9617:Commerce and Industry 9313:Industrial production 5835:Deputy Prime Minister 5220:Asuka Kiyomihara Code 4909:National Diet Library 4465:pp. 88–89. Me no Me. 3873:National Diet Library 3620:Sand, Jordan (2000). 2952:Gregorian date range 2792:Hibiya Open-Air stage 2663:won praise in Japan. 2615: 2556: 2518: 2483: 2443: 2306:, beginning with the 2294: 2174: 2155: 2113: 2069: 2011: 1995: 1949:Industrial Revolution 1932: 1818: 1749: 1640:on 11 February 1889 ( 1636:at a ceremony in the 1617: 1590:minister of the right 1309: 1230:The fifteen-year-old 1229: 644:Invasion of Manchuria 569:Colonization of Korea 529:Treaty of Shimonoseki 268:300 AD – 538 AD 110:Eight-Nation Alliance 10405:Political dissidence 10254:Occupied territories 9997:General Election Law 9821:Taiwan Army of Japan 5744:House of Councillors 5638:World Heritage Sites 4940:, by M.C. Perry, at 4673:on November 20, 2018 4534:Eppstein U. (1983). 4382:, pp. 111, 335. 4042:(January 16, 2014). 3392:Japanese nationalism 2889:Luther Whiting Mason 2776:woodwind instruments 2671:The 1902 edition of 2572:of porcelain artist 2557:Earthenware bowl by 2319:Hakurankai Jimukyoku 2313:Kiritsu Kosho Kaisha 1586:minister of the left 1463:legislative assembly 1397:improve this article 1154:Imperial restoration 1133:Chrysanthemum Throne 936:World Heritage Sites 654:February 26 incident 559:Treaty of Portsmouth 420:Battle of Sekigahara 316:Later Three-Year War 10224:Wang Jingwei regime 10134:Potsdam Declaration 10125:Soviet–Japanese War 10080:Anti-Comintern Pact 10075:January 28 incident 10060:London Naval Treaty 9937:Triple Intervention 9766:Supreme War Council 9650:deliberative bodies 6344:Japanese era names 5761:Self-Defense Forces 4842:Japan encyclopedia. 4686:Earle, Joe (1999). 4440:, pp. 117–119. 4394:, pp. 116–117. 4358:, pp. 331–332. 4235:, pp. 187–188. 4195:, pp. 186–187. 4029:, pp. 347–348. 3763:, pp. 142–144. 3739:, pp. 126–134. 3449:Japan encyclopedia, 3003: 2945: 2816:John William Fenton 2156:Commander-in-chief 2116:Battle of Shiroyama 1609:Supreme War Council 1555:Public Assembly Law 1018:[meꜜː(d)ʑi] 766:Imperial transition 704:Occupation of Japan 694:Soviet–Japanese War 659:Anti-Comintern Pact 534:Triple Intervention 10456:1868 introductions 9952:Russo-Japanese War 9922:Two Lords Incident 9577:Imperial Household 5895:Telecommunications 5427:Russo-Japanese War 5357:Tokugawa shogunate 5307:Nanboku-chō period 5302:Ashikaga shogunate 5275:Kamakura shogunate 4452:Makuzu ware Museum 4054:on August 14, 2014 4040:Cortazzi, Sir Hugh 3001: 2943: 2934:Gregorian calendar 2713:possibly contains 2688:aerial perspective 2632: 2569: 2525: 2494: 2449: 2300: 2239:Russo-Japanese War 2220:María Luz Incident 2212:United States Navy 2181: 2169: 2164:(Native tribe) in 2120: 2114:The defeat at the 2105:Treaty of Kanagawa 2079: 2076:Ryūkyū Disposition 2025: 1998: 1973:o-yatoi gaikokujin 1945: 1877:The production of 1836: 1755: 1697:Meiji Constitution 1646: 1547:Kokkai Kisei Dōmei 1441:Meiji Constitution 1320: 1243: 1172:, was proclaimed. 1166:Tokugawa shogunate 1158:the new government 1150:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 826:Capital punishment 802:2019–present 724:Asset price bubble 699:Surrender of Japan 564:Japan–Korea Treaty 554:Russo-Japanese War 509:Ryūkyū Disposition 451:Invasion of Ryukyu 446:Tokugawa shogunate 382:Nanboku-chō period 117:Russo-Japanese War 80:Meiji Constitution 10413: 10412: 10385:Socialist thought 10333: 10332: 10272:Dutch East Indies 10234:Empire of Vietnam 10152: 10151: 9927:Satsuma Rebellion 9907:Meiji Restoration 9884: 9883: 9694: 9693: 9632:Greater East Asia 9518:Political parties 9473:Foreign relations 9220: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9182: 9181: 9177: 9176: 9119: 9118: 8911: 8910: 8711: 8710: 8523: 8522: 8344: 8343: 8157: 8156: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7659: 7658: 7459: 7458: 7251: 7250: 7043: 7042: 6835: 6834: 6627: 6626: 6310: 6309: 6276: 6275: 6025:Sexual minorities 5913: 5912: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5756:Political parties 5695:Foreign relations 5646: 5645: 5550: 5549: 5540:COVID-19 pandemic 5409:Satsuma Rebellion 5394:Meiji Restoration 5292:Kenmu Restoration 5152:Foreign relations 5039: 5038: 5021:Succeeded by 4879:Vos, F., et al., 4855:978-0-674-01753-5 4489:(1902), Volume 29 4342:978-0-19-925255-8 4138:978-0-500-23913-1 4002:, pp. 32–33. 3946:, pp. 30–31. 3343: 3342: 3066:Japanese calendar 3057: 3056: 2996: 2995: 2923:Conversion tables 2808:Peter Tchaikovsky 2758: 2757: 2750: 2715:original research 2617:Basket of Flowers 2462:Namikawa Yasuyuki 2446:Namikawa Yasuyuki 2355:Namikawa Yasuyuki 2330:Teishitsu Gigeiin 2200:Foreign relations 1658:absolute monarchy 1539:Council of Elders 1535:Chamber of Elders 1485:land and tax laws 1429: 1428: 1421: 1177:Five Charter Oath 1168:, and a new era, 1113:Meiji Restoration 1107:Meiji Restoration 1093:Satsuma Rebellion 996: 995: 861:Foreign relations 806: 805: 794:Abe assassination 789:COVID-19 pandemic 761:Tōhoku earthquake 519:Satsuma Rebellion 481:Meiji Restoration 359:Kenmu Restoration 178: 177: 174: 173: 139:Meiji Restoration 16:(Redirected from 10463: 10375:Shinmin no Michi 10365:Internment camps 10277:French Indochina 10161: 10160: 10012:Taishō Democracy 9893: 9892: 9816:Japanese holdout 9703: 9702: 9627:Colonial Affairs 9561: 9560: 9488:Yokusan Sonendan 9394: 9386: 9378: 9362: 9361: 9288:Economic history 9247: 9240: 9233: 9224: 9223: 9125: 9124: 8917: 8916: 8717: 8716: 8529: 8528: 8357: 8350: 8349: 8170: 8163: 8162: 7955: 7954: 7945: 7944: 7932: 7931: 7916: 7915: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7894: 7887: 7886: 7665: 7664: 7465: 7464: 7257: 7256: 7049: 7048: 6841: 6840: 6633: 6632: 6433: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6418: 6417: 6410: 6409: 6402: 6401: 6394: 6393: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6360: 6359: 6351: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6314: 6313: 6300: 6299: 6292:Japan portal 6290: 6289: 6288: 6205:National symbols 5924: 5923: 5858: 5857: 5661: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5561: 5560: 5495:Economic miracle 5297:Muromachi period 5107: 5106: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5042: 5041: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5015: 5013: 5012: 4997: 4995: 4994: 4984:Preceded by 4981: 4980: 4934: 4867:. August, 42–49. 4865:Military History 4827: 4800: 4763: 4736: 4709: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4672: 4666:. Archived from 4641: 4631: 4614: 4613: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4582:(119): 101–109. 4571: 4565: 4564: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4505: 4492: 4491:, pages 724–725. 4482: 4473: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4209: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4181: 4175: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4050:. Archived from 4036: 4030: 4024: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3956: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3677: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3564:The Art Bulletin 3558: 3552: 3551: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3437: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3071: 3070: 3004: 3000: 2946: 2942: 2887:(1851–1917) and 2753: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2733: 2730:inline citations 2706: 2705: 2698: 2625: 2622: 2585:Satsuma province 2567: 2564: 2396:Dragon and tiger 2389: 2375:Dragon and tiger 2366: 2332: 2321: 2315: 2158:Saigō Tsugumichi 2101:Matthew C. Perry 1900: 1891:Fukuzawa Yukichi 1860:Ladies' Graphic, 1827:, at the Fourth 1825:Morning Toilette 1794:Yukichi Fukuzawa 1664:was legally the 1662:Emperor of Japan 1601:Yamagata Aritomo 1508:Rikken Kaishintō 1506:established the 1479: 1424: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1381: 1373: 1336:haibutsu kishaku 1318: 1315: 1301:old court nobles 1221:Council of State 1217: 1125:Prince Mutsuhito 1059:, influenced by 1037:Japanese history 1030: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1008: 1007: 988: 981: 974: 818: 719:Economic miracle 634:Nanking incident 629:Financial crisis 466:Perry Expedition 440: 349:Mongol invasions 228:before 14,000 BC 218: 217: 213: 203: 193:History of Japan 180: 179: 170: 157: 150: 53: 39: 32: 31: 21: 10471: 10470: 10466: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10461: 10460: 10436:Empire of Japan 10416: 10415: 10414: 10409: 10395:Yasukuni Shrine 10329: 10306: 10248: 10202: 10148: 10100:Tripartite Pact 10095:Rape of Nanking 10036: 10022:Tapani incident 9966: 9942:Boxer Rebellion 9900: 9880: 9844: 9835: 9784: 9775: 9710: 9690: 9684:Representatives 9652: 9649: 9648:Legislative and 9641: 9607:Foreign Affairs 9570: 9567: 9552: 9451: 9430:Government Seal 9415:Rising Sun Flag 9398: 9392: 9384: 9376: 9363: 9354: 9256: 9254:Empire of Japan 9251: 9221: 9208: 9183: 9178: 9120: 8912: 8712: 8524: 8353: 8345: 8166: 8158: 7942: 7940: 7929: 7927: 7913: 7909: 7895: 7892: 7873: 7868: 7660: 7460: 7252: 7044: 6836: 6628: 6423: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6399: 6397: 6391: 6389: 6365: 6354: 6345: 6341: 6311: 6306: 6286: 6284: 6272: 6092:Class S (genre) 6044: 6020:Sex trafficking 5995:Life expectancy 5931:Anti-monarchism 5909: 5839: 5782: 5749:List of members 5729:Law enforcement 5642: 5546: 5518: 5470:Mukden Incident 5431: 5389:Meiji oligarchy 5369:Empire of Japan 5340: 5270:Kamakura period 5253: 5178: 5096: 5078: 5069: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4998: 4989: 4971:Wayback Machine 4960: 4932: 4923:Milasi, Luca. " 4900: 4816: 4781:10.2307/2049123 4752: 4725: 4698: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4639: 4620: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4547: 4543: 4532: 4528: 4509:Suda, Yevgeniya 4506: 4495: 4483: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4402: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4219: 4212: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4184: 4176: 4169: 4161: 4154: 4139: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4079: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3965:The Japan Times 3957: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3887: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3831: 3827: 3816: 3812: 3797: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3687: 3680: 3672: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3490:, ed. (2001). 3482: 3478: 3474:Takano, p. 256. 3473: 3469: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3402:Rising Sun Flag 3382:Japanese Taiwan 3372: 3367: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3062: 2930: 2925: 2881: 2832: 2830:Christian music 2788:Rokumeikan Hall 2767: 2754: 2743: 2737: 2734: 2719: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2669: 2653:Imperial Family 2623: 2610: 2565: 2551: 2530:Suzuki Chokichi 2513: 2478: 2466:Namikawa Sōsuke 2438: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2367: 2289: 2208: 2202: 2190:Kumamoto Castle 2095:In 1854, after 2093: 2084: 2064: 2052:Main articles: 2050: 2030:Land Tax Reform 1957:Iwakura Mission 1927: 1921: 1915: 1906:color gradients 1875: 1869: 1812:in the region. 1744: 1738: 1638:Imperial Palace 1634:Kuroda Kiyotaka 1512:Rikken Teiseitō 1504:Ōkuma Shigenobu 1473: 1447:Itagaki Taisuke 1443: 1433:Meiji oligarchy 1431:Main articles: 1425: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1394: 1382: 1371: 1332:shinbutsu bunri 1316: 1215: 1121: 1115: 1109: 1101:Itagaki Taisuke 1041:Empire of Japan 1022: 1021: 1002: 992: 942: 941: 940: 820: 819: 816: 808: 807: 799: 798: 774:1989–2019 771: 770: 731:1926–1989 728: 689:Atomic bombings 664:Tripartite Pact 649:May 15 incident 639:Mukden Incident 610:1912–1926 607: 606: 577:1868–1912 574: 573: 549:Boxer Rebellion 494:1603–1868 491: 490: 438: 428:1573–1603 425: 424: 403:Azuchi–Momoyama 395:1336–1573 392: 391: 367:1185–1333 364: 363: 326: 325: 296:710 – 794 293: 282:538 – 710 279: 265: 251: 215: 214: 211: 148: 105:Boxer Rebellion 59: 37: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10469: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10341: 10339: 10335: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10325: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10239:State of Burma 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10210: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10167: 10165: 10158: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10146: 10141: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10065:Musha Incident 10062: 10057: 10055:Jinan incident 10052: 10046: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9976: 9974: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9912:Beipu uprising 9909: 9903: 9901: 9896: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9876:Treaty Faction 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9847: 9845: 9840: 9837: 9836: 9834: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9808: 9806:Imperial Guard 9803: 9798: 9793: 9787: 9785: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9747: 9746: 9731: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9713: 9711: 9706: 9700: 9696: 9695: 9692: 9691: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9686: 9681: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9655: 9653: 9646: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9573: 9571: 9566:Administration 9564: 9558: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9443: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9417: 9412: 9406: 9404: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9396: 9388: 9380: 9371: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9264: 9262: 9258: 9257: 9250: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9227: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9199: 9196: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9174: 9169: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9155: 9154: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9097: 9096: 9091: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9067: 9066: 9061: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9047: 9046: 9041: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9017: 9016: 9011: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8921: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8889: 8888: 8883: 8879: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8849: 8848: 8843: 8839: 8838: 8833: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8819: 8818: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8803: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8779: 8778: 8773: 8769: 8768: 8763: 8759: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8703: 8699: 8698: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8683: 8679: 8678: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8659: 8658: 8653: 8649: 8648: 8643: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8599: 8598: 8593: 8589: 8588: 8583: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8563: 8559: 8558: 8553: 8549: 8548: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8501: 8500: 8495: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8480: 8475: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8413: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8379: 8378: 8373: 8369: 8368: 8363: 8359: 8358: 8355:Southern Court 8348: 8346: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8332: 8331: 8326: 8322: 8321: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8306: 8302: 8301: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8276: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8236: 8232: 8231: 8226: 8222: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8196: 8192: 8191: 8186: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8168:Northern Court 8161: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8139: 8135: 8134: 8129: 8125: 8124: 8119: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8065: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8054: 8049: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8015: 8014: 8009: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7959: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7938: 7933: 7925: 7922: 7917: 7904: 7897: 7896: 7883: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7875: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7829: 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6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5823:Prime Minister 5820: 5815: 5813:Foreign policy 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5792: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5697: 5692: 5690:Imperial House 5687: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5670: 5664: 5654: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5598:Extreme points 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5526: 5524: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5319:Sengoku period 5316: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5278: 5277: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5258:Post-Classical 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5186: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5113: 5111: 5104: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5068: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5045: 5037: 5036: 5022: 5019: 4999: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4935: 4921: 4915: 4906: 4899: 4898:External links 4896: 4895: 4894: 4877: 4868: 4861: 4837: 4828: 4814: 4801: 4764: 4750: 4737: 4723: 4710: 4696: 4683: 4632: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4566: 4559: 4541: 4526: 4493: 4474: 4471:978-4907211110 4454: 4442: 4430: 4416: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4370:, p. 335. 4360: 4348: 4341: 4323: 4321:, p. 330. 4304: 4292: 4280: 4268: 4249: 4247:, p. 185. 4237: 4225: 4223:, p. 187. 4210: 4197: 4182: 4180:, p. 255. 4167: 4165:, p. 254. 4152: 4137: 4115: 4113:, p. 252. 4100: 4096:第12回「創造する伝統賞」. 4088: 4077: 4065: 4031: 4016: 4014:, p. 349. 4004: 3992: 3977: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3892:Gordon (2000). 3885: 3860: 3841:(3): 863–886. 3825: 3810: 3795: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3751:, p. 137. 3741: 3729: 3727:, p. 110. 3717: 3715:, p. 113. 3705: 3703:, p. 112. 3693: 3691:, p. 118. 3678: 3676:, p. 117. 3663: 3651: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3553: 3547:978-3643100856 3546: 3526: 3501: 3476: 3467: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3387:Japanese Korea 3384: 3378: 3377: 3374:History portal 3363: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3007:Gregorian year 2994: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2936:, it used the 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2880: 2877: 2831: 2828: 2820:Charles Leroux 2804:Charles Gounod 2800:Richard Wagner 2766: 2765:Military music 2763: 2756: 2755: 2710: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2668: 2665: 2661:Asahi Gyokuzan 2657:Ishikawa Komei 2609: 2606: 2550: 2547: 2512: 2509: 2499:Shibata Zeshin 2490:Shibata Zeshin 2477: 2474: 2437: 2434: 2422:his collection 2418:Nasser Khalili 2401: 2400: 2391: 2384: 2382: 2379:Hashimoto Gahō 2368: 2361: 2353:enamel artist 2347:Hashimoto Gahō 2339:Shibata Zeshin 2288: 2285: 2214:ended Japan's 2204:Main article: 2201: 2198: 2185:Saigō Takamori 2175:Photograph of 2124:Ōmura Masujirō 2092: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2049: 2046: 2003:mercantilistic 1981:firms such as 1917:Main article: 1914: 1911: 1871:Main article: 1868: 1865: 1737: 1734: 1710:House of Peers 1678:Prime Minister 1666:supreme leader 1654:constitutional 1631:Prime Minister 1605:Prime Minister 1527:Kido Takayoshi 1427: 1426: 1385: 1383: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1358:Imperial House 1234:, moving from 1205: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1185:new government 1111:Main article: 1108: 1105: 1089:Saigō Takamori 1078:Emperor Taishō 1045:feudal society 994: 993: 991: 990: 983: 976: 968: 965: 964: 963: 962: 957: 952: 944: 943: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 902: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 873: 871:Historiography 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 822: 821: 815: 814: 813: 810: 809: 804: 803: 800: 797: 796: 791: 785: 779: 776: 775: 772: 769: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 742: 736: 733: 732: 729: 727: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 620: 612: 611: 608: 605: 604: 599: 594: 588: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 505: 499: 496: 495: 492: 489: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 456:Siege of Osaka 453: 448: 442: 433: 430: 429: 426: 423: 422: 417: 412: 406: 400: 397: 396: 393: 390: 389: 387:Sengoku period 384: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 340: 334: 331: 330: 329:794–1185 327: 324: 323: 318: 313: 307: 301: 298: 297: 294: 287: 284: 283: 280: 273: 270: 269: 266: 259: 256: 255: 252: 245: 242: 241: 238: 230: 229: 226: 216: 210: 209: 208: 205: 204: 196: 195: 189: 188: 176: 175: 172: 171: 161: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 120: 119: 114: 113: 112: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 54: 46: 45: 41: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10468: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10441:Japanese eras 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10431:Emperor Meiji 10429: 10427: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10350:Fukoku kyōhei 10348: 10346: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10251: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207:Puppet states 10205: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10172: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10162: 10159: 10155: 10145: 10142: 10139: 10135: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10039: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9894: 9891: 9887: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9871:Fleet Faction 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9851:General Staff 9849: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9838: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9791:General Staff 9789: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9778: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9745: 9744:military code 9743: 9739: 9738: 9737: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9674:Imperial Diet 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9664:Privy Council 9662: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9644: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9582:Home Ministry 9580: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9562: 9559: 9555: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9454: 9448: 9445: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9425:Imperial Seal 9423: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9410:Flag of Japan 9408: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9381: 9379: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9366: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9248: 9243: 9241: 9236: 9234: 9229: 9228: 9225: 9204: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9186: 9173: 9170: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9156: 9153: 9150: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9122: 9115: 9112: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9062: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9042: 9038: 9035: 9032: 9028: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9002: 8998: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8985: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8972: 8968: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8952: 8948: 8945: 8942: 8938: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8894: 8890: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8850: 8847: 8844: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8764: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8728: 8725: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8707: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8670: 8667: 8664: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8634: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8547: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8516: 8512: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8440: 8437: 8434: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8420: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8390: 8387: 8384: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8351: 8347: 8340: 8337: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8313: 8310: 8307: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8293: 8290: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8273: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8257: 8253: 8250: 8247: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8197: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8153: 8150: 8146: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8130: 8126: 8123: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8103: 8100: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7986: 7983: 7980: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7898: 7888: 7884: 7863: 7860: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7806: 7803: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7770: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7756: 7753: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7696: 7693: 7690: 7686: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7652: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7612: 7608: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7595: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7572: 7568: 7565: 7562: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7546: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7530: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7490: 7486: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7398: 7395: 7392: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7298: 7295: 7292: 7288: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7268: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7247: 7244: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7204: 7200: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6946: 6942: 6939: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6849: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6738: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6708: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6684: 6681: 6678: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6491: 6488: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6468: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6429: 6420: 6412: 6404: 6396: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6349: 6338: 6333: 6331: 6326: 6324: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6303: 6295: 6293: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5880:Manufacturing 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5808:Fiscal policy 5806: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5734:National Diet 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5717:Supreme Court 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5225:Hakuhō period 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5173: 5172:Imperial Navy 5170: 5168: 5167:Imperial Army 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5061: 5059: 5054: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5043: 5025: 5016: 5004: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4893: 4892:90-70216-03-5 4889: 4885: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4859:OCLC 58053128 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4815:9780500518021 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4751:9780500518021 4747: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4724:9780500518021 4720: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4693: 4689: 4684: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4617:public domain 4609: 4608: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4560:9784756802361 4556: 4552: 4549:中村理平 (1996). 4545: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4488: 4481: 4479: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4446: 4439: 4434: 4419: 4417:9781135786199 4413: 4409: 4408: 4400: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4369: 4364: 4357: 4352: 4344: 4338: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4301: 4296: 4290:, p. 66. 4289: 4284: 4278:, p. 65. 4277: 4272: 4266:, p. 64. 4265: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4174: 4172: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4105: 4097: 4092: 4086: 4081: 4075:, p. 29. 4074: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4013: 4008: 4001: 3996: 3990:, p. 31. 3989: 3984: 3982: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3953: 3945: 3940: 3934:, p. 31. 3933: 3928: 3922:, p. 32. 3921: 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3796:0-04-330201-7 3792: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3757: 3750: 3745: 3738: 3733: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3709: 3702: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3661:, p. 11. 3660: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3557: 3549: 3543: 3539: 3538: 3530: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3486: 3480: 3471: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3454:, p. 624, at 3453: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3432: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3364: 3361: 3350: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2762: 2752: 2749: 2741: 2738:November 2020 2731: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2711:This section 2709: 2700: 2699: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2629: 2618: 2614: 2608:Ivory carving 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2560: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2517: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2383: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2341:, ceramicist 2340: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2320: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2304:world's fairs 2298: 2293: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265:colonial rule 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2216:sakoku policy 2213: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2031: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2004: 1994: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1939:Main Office ( 1938: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1910: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883:synthetic dye 1880: 1874: 1864: 1861: 1857: 1856:yōkan or yōma 1852: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1674:head of state 1671: 1670:Privy Council 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1594:Privy Council 1591: 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4484:"Japan" in 4125:Wakon Yosai 3932:Kublin 1949 3920:Kublin 1949 3869:"Ueno Park" 3575:: 417–440. 3485:Meiji Jingū 2928:Before 1873 2885:Isawa Shūji 2684:chiaroscuro 2624: 1900 2594:Yabu Meizan 2566: 1910 2559:Yabu Meizan 2519:One of the 2492:, 1888–1890 2476:Lacquerware 2281:South Korea 2250:World War I 1887:The Emperor 1810:colonialism 1623:Wada Eisaku 1474: [ 1409:August 2023 1317: 1888 1281:prefectures 1240:fall of Edo 1162:fall of Edo 1057:great power 1012:Meiji jidai 836:Earthquakes 684:Pacific War 592:World War I 223:Paleolithic 18:Meiji Japan 10420:Categories 10144:Occupation 9972:Taishō era 9917:Boshin War 9761:War crimes 9557:Government 9533:Tonarigumi 9440:Privy Seal 9435:State Seal 9393:(Hirohito) 9318:Militarism 9273:Censorship 7928:Muromachi 6253:Television 6175:Literature 6137:Hikikomori 6058:Aesthetics 5936:Censorship 5818:Ministries 5788:Government 5502:Heisei era 5485:Occupation 5443:Taishō era 5404:Boshin War 5384:Government 5352:Edo period 5265:Genpei War 5215:Taihō Code 4697:1874780137 4605:References 4438:Earle 1999 4392:Earle 1999 4380:Earle 1999 4368:Earle 1999 4356:Earle 1999 4319:Earle 1999 4300:Earle 1999 4288:Earle 1999 4276:Earle 1999 4264:Earle 1999 4245:Earle 1999 4233:Earle 1999 4221:Earle 1999 4193:Earle 1999 4178:Earle 1999 4163:Earle 1999 4111:Earle 1999 4073:Earle 1999 4027:Earle 1999 4012:Earle 1999 4000:Earle 1999 3988:Earle 1999 3944:Earle 1999 3519:August 21, 3060:Since 1873 2949:Meiji year 2851:Protestant 2722:improve it 2497:these was 2345:, painter 2248:Following 2143:Saigō Jūdō 2099:Commodore 1987:Mitsubishi 1923:See also: 1783:Edo period 1740:See also: 1117:See also: 1074:Taishō era 756:Cool Japan 624:Militarism 486:Boshin War 439:(Tokugawa) 321:Genpei War 146:Chronology 135:Key events 125:Monarch(s) 10345:Sonnō jōi 10297:Singapore 10282:Hong Kong 10244:Azad Hind 10219:Mengjiang 10214:Manchukuo 10188:Kantō-shū 10130:Surrender 10042:Shōwa era 10027:Truku War 9898:Meiji era 9866:Tokkeitai 9831:Kempeitai 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476:Bakumatsu 415:Imjin War 375:Muromachi 354:Genkō War 344:Jōkyū War 74:Including 35:Meiji era 10323:Yen bloc 10311:Ideology 10302:Thailand 10171:Karafuto 10164:Colonies 9756:Kamikaze 9699:Military 9602:Treasury 9456:Policies 9447:Kimigayo 9368:Emperors 9335:Politics 9303:Eugenics 9261:Overview 7943:(cont'd) 7936:Momoyama 7930:(cont'd) 7914:(cont'd) 7911:Kamakura 7762:Ryakunin 7742:Bunryaku 7634:Kenryaku 7554:Kamakura 7542:Genryaku 7038:Chōryaku 6964:999–1004 6948:Shōryaku 6810:Tenryaku 6424:(cont'd) 6416:(cont'd) 6408:(cont'd) 6400:(cont'd) 6392:(cont'd) 6364:538–1264 6302:Category 6117:Folklore 6015:Religion 5988:Japanese 5961:Gambling 5771:Maritime 5652:Politics 5633:Villages 5314:Ōnin War 5157:Military 5142:Economic 5076:articles 4967:Archived 4958:Archives 4706:42476594 4588:40318618 4511:(2019). 3346:See also 2847:Orthodox 2843:Catholic 2772:Nagasaki 2667:Textiles 2484:"Waves" 2458:cloisons 2082:Overview 2048:Military 2017:Dajō-kan 1979:zaibatsu 1772:viscount 1676:but the 1369:Politics 1070:Keiō era 960:Timeline 950:Glossary 921:Post-war 916:Politics 906:Military 879:Buddhism 831:Currency 337:Kamakura 185:a series 183:Part of 64:Location 9889:History 9861:Marines 9498:Kokutai 9403:Symbols 9383:Taishō 9340:Statism 9283:Economy 9193:Gentoku 8896:Shōtoku 8876:Genroku 8816:Meireki 8734:Bunroku 8666:Kyōroku 8556:Chōroku 8536:Kyōtoku 8498:Kakitsu 8406:Kentoku 8339:Meitoku 8309:Shitoku 8289:Kōryaku 8132:Gentoku 8122:Karyaku 7893:present 7732:Tenpuku 7424:Eiryaku 7136:Jōryaku 7106:Jiryaku 7066:Kantoku 6958:Chōtoku 6954:995–999 6944:990–995 6934:988–990 6924:987–988 6914:985–987 6904:983–985 6894:978–983 6884:976–978 6874:973–976 6868:Tenroku 6864:970–973 6854:968–970 6844:964–968 6826:961–964 6820:Tentoku 6816:957–961 6806:947–957 6796:938–947 6786:931–938 6776:923–931 6766:901–923 6756:898–901 6746:889–898 6736:885–889 6726:877–885 6716:859–877 6706:857–859 6696:854–857 6686:851–854 6676:848–851 6666:834–848 6656:824–834 6646:810–824 6636:806–810 6622:Enryaku 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10176:naichi 9391:Shōwa 9375:Meiji 9350:Kazoku 9298:System 9162:Heisei 9142:Taishō 9094:Bunkyū 9084:Man'en 9034:Bunsei 9004:Kansei 8994:Tenmei 8964:Hōreki 8954:Kan'en 8924:Genbun 8836:Kanbun 8776:Kan'ei 8750: 8744:Keichō 8724:Tenshō 8696:Eiroku 8676:Tenbun 8616:Entoku 8606:Chōkyō 8596:Bunmei 8576:Bunshō 8566:Kanshō 8518:Hōtoku 8508:Bun'an 8478:Shōchō 8452: 8446:Genchū 8416:Bunchū 8396:Shōhei 8386:Kōkoku 8299:Eitoku 8189:Ryakuō 8152:Shōkyō 8112:Shōchū 8042:Tokuji 8022:Kengen 7962:Bun'ei 7842:Shōgen 7812:Kenchō 7792:Kangen 7692:Karoku 7682:Gennin 7614:Ken'ei 7604:Genkyū 7594:Kennin 7574:Kenkyū 7548: 7472:Nin'an 7444:Chōkan 7384:Ninpei 7364:Ten'yō 7324:Chōshō 7314:Tenshō 7274:Gen'ei 7246:Ten'ei 7236:Tennin 7196:Jōtoku 7056:Chōkyū 7028:Chōgen 6998:Kannin 6898:Tengen 6878:Ten'en 6800:Tengyō 6760:Shōtai 6750:Kanpyō 6730:Gangyō 6710:Ten'an 6660:Tenchō 6542:Tenpyō 6496: 6460:Shuchō 6414:Heian 6406:Heian 6398:Heian 6390:Heian 6243:Shinto 6165:Kawaii 6142:Hanami 6127:Geisha 6087:Cinema 6082:Bonsai 6000:People 5966:Health 5885:Energy 5766:Ground 5623:Rivers 5578:Cities 5416:Kazoku 5116:Lists 5074: 5024:Taishō 4890: 4853: 4822: 4812: 4795: 4787: 4758: 4748: 4731: 4721: 4704: 4694: 4662: 4619:. 4586: 4557: 4469: 4414: 4339: 4145: 4135: 3853: 3805:533080 3803: 3793: 3644: 3587: 3544: 3451:p. 624 2909:violin 2822:, and 2647:kiseru 2636:kimono 2504:Maki-e 2486:maki-e 2349:, and 2177:Atayal 2162:Seqalu 2132:shōgun 2060:, and 2038:bakufu 1983:Mitsui 1879:kimono 1774:, and 1760:Kazoku 1722:Chōshū 1687:. 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The 1146:shōgun 931:Sports 899:Shinto 856:Empire 817:Topics 739:Heisei 585:Taishō 461:Sakoku 187:on the 164:Taishō 58:(1872) 10267:Burma 9985:Entry 9679:Peers 9543:Senbu 9528:Tokkō 9172:Reiwa 9152:Shōwa 9132:Meiji 9104:Genji 9074:Ansei 9044:Tenpō 9024:Bunka 9014:Kyōwa 8984:An'ei 8974:Meiwa 8944:Enkyō 8934:Kanpō 8906:Kyōhō 8866:Jōkyō 8856:Tenna 8826:Manji 8796:Keian 8786:Shōhō 8766:Genna 8706:Genki 8656:Daiei 8646:Eishō 8636:Bunki 8546:Kōshō 8488:Eikyō 8426:Tenju 8376:Engen 8366:Kenmu 8319:Kakei 8239:Enbun 8229:Bunna 8219:Kannō 8179:Kenmu 8142:Genkō 8102:Genkō 8092:Gen'ō 8082:Bunpō 8072:Shōwa 8052:Enkyō 8032:Kagen 8012:Shōan 8002:Einin 7972:Kenji 7891:1264– 7862:Kōchō 7852:Bun'ō 7832:Shōka 7822:Kōgen 7782:Ninji 7752:Katei 7712:Kangi 7702:Antei 7654:Jōkyū 7644:Kempo 7624:Jōgen 7584:Shōji 7564:Bunji 7512:Jishō 7502:Angen 7454:Eiman 7414:Heiji 7404:Hōgen 7394:Kyūju 7374:Kyūan 7304:Daiji 7294:Tenji 7264:Eikyū 7216:Chōji 7186:Eichō 7166:Kanji 7156:Ōtoku 7116:Enkyū 7096:Kōhei 7086:Tengi 7076:Eishō 7018:Manju 6988:Chōwa 6978:Kankō 6968:Chōhō 6918:Kanna 6908:Eikan 6888:Jōgen 6790:Jōhei 6780:Enchō 6740:Ninna 6720:Jōgan 6700:Saikō 6690:Ninju 6680:Kashō 6650:Kōnin 6640:Daidō 6612:Ten'ō 6532:Jinki 6512:Reiki 6480:Keiun 6470:Taihō 6440:Taika 6385:Heian 6380:Asuka 6348:nengō 6238:Sport 6221:Sentō 6217:Onsen 6200:Names 6190:Music 6185:Media 6151:Icons 6132:Games 6067:Manga 6063:Anime 6040:Women 5941:Crime 5875:Labor 5628:Towns 5608:Lakes 5162:Naval 5125:Clans 5087:Index 5072:Japan 5006:Meiji 4793:S2CID 4785:JSTOR 4671:(PDF) 4660:S2CID 4640:(PDF) 4584:JSTOR 3851:S2CID 3642:S2CID 3585:S2CID 3571:(3). 3494:[ 3488:Gaien 3443:" in 3441:Meiji 3428:Notes 3339:1912 3256:Meiji 3251:1899 3162:Meiji 3157:1885 3074:Meiji 2905:organ 2901:piano 2897:kokyū 2866:Tokyo 2796:Tokyo 2780:drums 2694:Music 2393:Byōbu 2371:Byōbu 2277:North 2261:Korea 1833:Bigot 1806:China 1802:Korea 1776:baron 1768:count 1751:Ginza 1726:genrō 1478:] 1297:Hizen 1256:Tokyo 1252:Kyoto 1248:Meiji 1236:Kyoto 1216:' 1170:Meiji 1143:then- 911:Naval 889:Islam 782:Reiwa 617:Shōwa 502:Meiji 304:Heian 276:Asuka 262:Kofun 248:Yayoi 235:Jōmon 129:Meiji 68:Japan 9597:Navy 9592:Army 9114:Keiō 9064:Kaei 9054:Kōka 8886:Hōei 8846:Enpō 8686:Kōji 8626:Meiō 8586:Ōnin 8436:Kōwa 8279:Eiwa 8259:Jōji 8249:Kōan 8209:Jōwa 8199:Kōei 8062:Ōchō 7992:Shōō 7982:Kōan 7941:Edo 7802:Hōji 7772:En'ō 7722:Jōei 7532:Juei 7522:Yōwa 7492:Jōan 7354:Kōji 7344:Eiji 7334:Hōen 7284:Hōan 7226:Kajō 7206:Kōwa 7176:Kahō 7146:Eihō 7126:Jōhō 7008:Jian 6938:Eiso 6928:Eien 6858:Anna 6848:Kōhō 6770:Engi 6670:Jōwa 6602:Hōki 6522:Yōrō 6502:Nara 6490:Wadō 6112:Flag 6101:wine 5828:list 5801:list 5705:LGBT 5683:list 5135:Wars 5120:Eras 4987:Keiō 4888:ISBN 4851:ISBN 4820:OCLC 4810:ISBN 4756:OCLC 4746:ISBN 4729:OCLC 4719:ISBN 4702:OCLC 4692:ISBN 4679:2018 4595:2020 4555:ISBN 4467:ISBN 4450:受賞経歴 4425:2020 4412:ISBN 4337:ISBN 4143:OCLC 4133:ISBN 4060:2020 3972:2020 3880:2020 3801:OCLC 3791:ISBN 3542:ISBN 3521:2017 3336:1911 3333:1910 3330:1909 3327:1908 3324:1907 3321:1906 3318:1905 3315:1904 3312:1903 3309:1902 3306:1901 3303:1900 3248:1898 3245:1897 3242:1896 3239:1895 3236:1894 3233:1893 3230:1892 3227:1891 3224:1890 3221:1889 3218:1888 3215:1887 3212:1886 3154:1884 3151:1883 3148:1882 3145:1881 3142:1880 3139:1879 3136:1878 3133:1877 3130:1876 3127:1875 3124:1874 3121:1873 3050:1872 3042:1871 3034:1870 3026:1869 3019:Keiō 3015:1868 2907:and 2893:koto 2849:and 2790:and 2778:and 2686:and 2659:and 2644:and 2596:and 2589:gilt 2541:and 2464:and 2279:and 1985:and 1947:The 1804:and 1720:and 1656:and 1648:The 1451:Tosa 1293:Tosa 1099:and 1006:明治時代 998:The 290:Nara 159:Keiō 38:明治時代 9587:War 8806:Jōō 8756:Edo 8468:Ōei 8329:Kōō 8269:Ōan 7672:Jōō 7482:Kaō 7434:Ōhō 6830:Ōwa 6548:749 6268:Zen 6077:Art 5905:Yen 5776:Air 5724:Law 4777:doi 4652:doi 3843:doi 3634:doi 3577:doi 3460:see 3295:45 3204:32 3113:18 2911:). 2864:in 2810:). 2794:in 2724:by 2287:Art 1842:'s 1823:'s 1629:to 1621:by 1399:by 1260:Edo 1211:(a 1035:of 1033:era 436:Edo 10422:: 10136:, 5030:大正 5011:明治 4993:慶応 4857:; 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