1587:
1432:
416:
3881:
1708:— many examples of which survive. The small scrolls, dating from 770, are among the earliest printed works in the world. Shōtoku had the charms printed to placate the Buddhist clergy. She may even have wanted to make Dōkyō emperor, but she died before she could act. Her actions shocked Nara society and led to the exclusion of women from imperial succession and the removal of Buddhist priests from positions of political authority.
1575:
1376:
45:
3870:
1498:(landed estates), one of the most important economic institutions in prehistoric Japan, began to rise as a result of the search for a more manageable form of landholding. Local administration gradually became more self-sufficient, while the breakdown of the old land distribution system and the rise of taxes led to the loss or abandonment of land by many people who became the "wave people" (
2570:
1565:
1733:. These are records written in the reverse side of the sutra or in the wrapping of imported items that survived as a result of reusing wasted official documents. Shōsōin documents contribute greatly to the historical research of Japanese political and social systems of the Nara period, and they even can be used to trace the development of the
1744:
The first authentically
Japanese gardens were built in the city of Nara at the end of the eighth century. Shorelines and stone settings were naturalistic, different from the heavier, earlier continental mode of constructing pond edges. Two such gardens have been found at excavations; both were used
1543:
In the late Nara period, financial burdens on the state increased, and the court began dismissing nonessential officials. In 792 universal conscription was abandoned, and district heads were allowed to establish private militia forces for local police work. Decentralization of authority became the
1487:
Economic and administrative activity increased during the Nara period. Roads linked Nara to provincial capitals, and taxes were collected more efficiently and routinely. Coins were minted, if not widely used. Outside the Nara area, there was little commercial activity, and in the provinces the old
1539:
spread from Kyūshū in 735, all four brothers died two years later, resulting in temporary reduction in the
Fujiwara dominance. In 740, a member of the Fujiwara clan, Hirotsugu, launched a rebellion from his base in Fukuoka, Kyushu. Although the rebellion was defeated, there is no doubt that the
1803:
China never sent official envoys to Japan, for
Japanese kings, or "emperors" as they styled themselves, did not seek investiture from the Chinese emperor. A local Chinese government in the Lower Yangzi Valley sent a mission to Japan to return Japanese envoys who entered China through
1923:
spread from Kyushu to eastern Honshu and Nara, killing an estimated one-third of the
Japanese population in these areas. The epidemic is said to have led to the construction of several prominent Buddhist structures during this time period as a form of
1455:
was established, the capital was customarily moved after the death of an emperor because of the ancient belief that a place of death was polluted. Reforms and bureaucratization of government led to the establishment of a permanent imperial capital at
1484:) in 745, and moved back to Nara in 745. Nara was Japan's first truly urban center. It soon had a population of 200,000 (representing nearly 7% of the country's population) and some 10,000 people worked in government jobs.
1684:
Although these efforts stopped short of making
Buddhism the state religion, Nara Buddhism heightened the status of the imperial family. Buddhist influence at court increased under the two reigns of Shōmu's daughter. As
1645:. Shōmu and his Fujiwara consort were fervent Buddhists and actively promoted the spread of Buddhism, making it the "guardian of the state" and a way of strengthening Japanese institutions.
1656:: a 16-metre-high, gilt-bronze statue. This Buddha was identified with the Sun Goddess, and a gradual syncretism of Buddhism and Shinto ensued. Shōmu declared himself the "Servant of the
2296:
The Hayato dance appears repeatedly in the Kojiki, Nihon Shoki, and Shoku
Nihongi, performed on the occasion of paying tribute to the court and for the benefit of foreign visitors.
1296:. In many other ways, the Japanese upper classes patterned themselves after the Chinese, including adopting the Chinese writing system, Chinese fashion, and a Chinese version of
1701:
but was quickly crushed. Kōken charged the ruling emperor with colluding with
Nakamaro and had him deposed. Kōken reascended the throne as Empress Shōtoku (r. 764–770).
379:
354:
2189:
1540:
emperor was shocked and frightened by these events, and he moved the palace three times in only five years from 740, until he eventually returned to Nara.
1552:(literally Capital of Peace and Tranquility), about twenty-six kilometers north of Nara. By the late eleventh century, the city was popularly called
3577:
1357:, was compiled from poems mostly composed between 600 and 759 CE. This, and other Nara texts, used Chinese characters to express the sounds of
1723:
areas, including China, Korea, India, and the
Islamic empire. Shosoin stores more than 10,000 paper documents, the so-called Shōsōin documents
2462:
1444:
1252:). Except for a five-year period (740–745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until
1535:, and Maro. They put Emperor Shōmu, the prince by Fuhito's daughter, on the throne. In 729, they arrested Nagaya and regained control. As a
1511:
Factional fighting at the imperial court continued throughout the Nara period. Imperial family members, leading court families, such as the
3447:
2918:
629:
2163:
2124:
2085:
1504:). Some of these formerly "public people" were privately employed by large landholders, and "public lands" increasingly reverted to the
1711:
Many of the
Japanese artworks and imported treasures from other countries during the era of Emperors Shōmu and Shōtoku are archived in
1200:
1140:
903:
1905:
is founded, and it survives to become Japan's (and the world's) second oldest known hotel in 2012. (The oldest was founded in 705.)
2645:
1920:
1536:
1439:(In the center of the photograph: this is a modern version built for the 1300th anniversary of Nara becoming Japan's capital).
1379:
Gokishichidō system showing ancient regions and provinces during the Nara period after the introduction of the Yōrō Code (720)
244:
1544:
rule despite the reforms of the Nara period. Eventually, to return control to imperial hands, the capital was moved in 784 to
49:
Gokishichidō system showing ancient regions and provinces during the Nara period after the introduction of the Yōrō Code (720)
3220:
2734:
2559:
2250:
2219:
2157:
2118:
2079:
2052:
1150:
1075:
3094:
975:
3331:
1762:
3390:
596:
2185:
3714:
3338:
2416:
2391:
2366:
2268:
753:
728:
3353:
3117:
980:
1831:
origin and had a unique culture that was different from the
Japanese people. They were eventually subjugated by the
1332:
were political, used to record and therefore justify and establish the supremacy of the rule of the emperors within
3410:
3321:
1098:
811:
1586:
3472:
3348:
3180:
2669:
2658:
1993:
1040:
257:
3930:
3417:
1698:
1689:(r. 749–758) she brought many Buddhist priests into court. Kōken abdicated in 758 on the advice of her cousin,
1193:
858:
778:
294:
3035:
816:
3915:
3175:
2729:
1065:
3358:
3170:
2717:
1174:
1164:
1108:
1093:
1050:
3925:
2981:
1715:
of Tōdai-ji temple. They are called "Shōsōin treasures" and illustrate the cosmopolitan culture known as
1008:
938:
3607:
3277:
3150:
3122:
2906:
2638:
2245:. Book II, note 1, page 100. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edition (July 2005). First edition published 1972.
1641:
in the sixth century but had a mixed reception until the Nara period, when it was heartily embraced by
1145:
1003:
758:
617:
3787:
3501:
3383:
3343:
3265:
3215:
3077:
3047:
2966:
2864:
2739:
2724:
2585:
2312:
1431:
1186:
1120:
1103:
1055:
933:
888:
783:
563:
525:
399:
843:
3910:
3602:
3513:
3311:
3294:
3200:
3185:
3089:
3057:
3030:
1786:
965:
883:
848:
806:
3477:
3405:
3395:
3272:
3205:
3004:
1859:
1824:
1734:
1085:
908:
738:
723:
2284:
1500:
3920:
3462:
3299:
3210:
3190:
2911:
2754:
2749:
2744:
1125:
893:
685:
3830:
3762:
3752:
3654:
3592:
3558:
3528:
3457:
3282:
3250:
2802:
2631:
2359:
The Historical Demography of Japan to 1700 (Routledge Handbook of Premodern Japanese History)
2147:
2108:
2069:
1524:
1389:
743:
123:
2889:
2044:
2036:
1769:
court every twenty years. Many Japanese students, both lay and Buddhist priests, studied in
1464:, in AD 710. The capital was moved shortly (for reasons described later in this section) to
3905:
3845:
3587:
3326:
3287:
3195:
3155:
2772:
2242:
2234:
2017:
Dolan, Ronald E. and Worden, Robert L., ed. (1994) "Nara and Heian Periods, A.D. 710–1185"
1828:
1782:
1690:
1532:
868:
773:
634:
530:
437:
194:
1705:
8:
3835:
3767:
3757:
3640:
3518:
3400:
3370:
3067:
2022:
1809:
1660:" of Buddhism: the Buddha, the law or teachings of Buddhism, and the Buddhist community.
1313:
918:
873:
838:
748:
3777:
3689:
3612:
3565:
3538:
3533:
3482:
3255:
3165:
3138:
3009:
2961:
2939:
2884:
2857:
2506:
2334:
2307:
1670:
1528:
1520:
1080:
913:
768:
665:
660:
1594:
Some of Japan's literary monuments were written during the Nara period, including the
3699:
3597:
3570:
3543:
3234:
2991:
2976:
2874:
2702:
2555:
2510:
2489:(2012). "The Hyakumantō darani and the origins of printing in eighth-century Japan".
2412:
2387:
2362:
2339:
2280:
2246:
2215:
2153:
2114:
2075:
2048:
1998:
1956:
1854:
sent its first mission in 728 to Nara, which welcomed them as the successor state to
1664:
1613:
1358:
1352:
1309:
1130:
1113:
1060:
1045:
733:
695:
573:
126:
109:
89:
2308:"Smallpox and the Epidemiological Heritage of Modern Japan: Towards a Total History"
3840:
3679:
3632:
3617:
3553:
3435:
3378:
3260:
2879:
2684:
2674:
2606:
2498:
2455:
Japan's Medieval Population: Famine, Fertility, and Warfare in a Transformative Age
2329:
2321:
2037:
1411:
1271:
Japanese society during this period was predominantly agricultural and centered on
1237:
1169:
680:
589:
407:
133:
73:
2807:
1928:
1686:
1652:(literally Eastern Great Temple) was built. Within it was placed the Great Buddha
1642:
1363:
3704:
3674:
3669:
3582:
3548:
3467:
3160:
3052:
2971:
2951:
2852:
2712:
2272:
1785:
to be appointed to governmental posts in China. He served as governor-general in
1778:
1678:
1674:
1633:
Another major cultural development of the era was the permanent establishment of
1469:
1340:
1070:
878:
863:
853:
763:
551:
2777:
1902:
1872:
1515:, and Buddhist priests all contended for influence. Earlier during this period,
1436:
449:
175:
3884:
3820:
3772:
3729:
3622:
3523:
2901:
2707:
2486:
1876:
1794:
1489:
1457:
1245:
1241:
1135:
670:
601:
558:
280:
152:
58:
2502:
2325:
1545:
1406:
1349:, began. The largest and longest-surviving collection of Japanese poetry, the
1257:
78:
3899:
3782:
3694:
3683:
3452:
3316:
3072:
2574:
2474:
1816:
1712:
1512:
1345:
1253:
928:
923:
164:
3025:
2797:
2262:
1965:
1473:
1452:
1399:
799:
68:
3874:
3850:
3793:
3659:
3487:
3306:
2831:
2819:
2814:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2615:
2599:
2441:
2343:
2277:
The bulletin of the Institute for Japanese Culture, Kyoto Sangyo University
1800:
1766:
1758:
1657:
1620:
1568:
1394:
1293:
960:
624:
518:
490:
476:
462:
372:
359:
99:
3042:
2869:
1610:, the first national histories, compiled in 712 and 720 respectively; the
1559:
1549:
1261:
831:
568:
317:
3062:
2579:
2519:
1911:
1884:
1770:
1605:
1327:
1289:
1279:, a religion based on the worship of natural and ancestral spirits named
898:
231:
2896:
2384:
Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present
1936:
1846:
were initially peaceful, with regular diplomatic exchanges. The rise of
1832:
1649:
1465:
1440:
1421:
1416:
1370:
415:
63:
3719:
3084:
2986:
2934:
2847:
1976:
1940:
1793:) from 761 through 767. Many students who returned from China, such as
1704:
The empress commissioned the printing of 1 million prayer charms — the
1694:
1693:. When the retired empress came to favor a Buddhist faith healer named
1579:
1461:
1249:
970:
953:
700:
649:
535:
206:
2524:"Emperor, Aristocracy, and the Ritsuryō State: Court Politics in Nara"
3809:
3112:
2956:
2946:
1720:
1481:
996:
716:
690:
1972:
1716:
2523:
2467:
Imperial Politics and Symbolics in Ancient Japan: The Tenmu Dynasty
2110:
A History of Japanese Literature: From the Manyoshu to Modern Times
2071:
A History of Japanese Literature: From the Manyoshu to Modern Times
1947:
1855:
1738:
1653:
1634:
1574:
1297:
3803:
2411:. New York, New York: Princeton University Press. pp. 65=67.
1494:
3815:
3742:
3737:
2623:
2573:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1790:
1774:
1272:
2239:
Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697
3825:
3747:
3724:
3709:
3664:
2998:
1893:
1851:
1847:
1820:
1805:
1638:
1597:
1516:
1375:
1319:
1276:
675:
113:
44:
2264:
Hayato : An Austronesian speaking tribe in southern Japan
3799:
3649:
3645:
2654:
2212:
Societies Networks And Transitions: Volume B From 600 To 1750
1980:
1880:
1843:
1839:
1808:. The Chinese local mission could not return home due to the
1754:
1626:
1553:
1477:
1384:
1333:
1265:
269:• Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō, and Shigarakinomiya as capital
1858:, with which Japan had been allied until Silla unified the
1564:
1281:
2361:. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 252–253.
2106:
2067:
1753:
The Nara court aggressively imported knowledge about the
1492:
land reform systems declined. By the mid-eighth century,
1447:
and Wakakusayama can be seen in the rear (January, 2010).
2386:. Princeton, New Jersey: Checkmark Books. p. 213.
2241:, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by
1560:
Cultural developments and the establishment of Buddhism
2261:
Kakubayashi, Fumio. 1998. 隼人 : オーストロネシア系の古代日本部族'
2552:
Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshū: Nihon Shoki (vol. 1)
2473:
1719:. Imported treasures show the cultural influences of
1371:
Economic, livelihood, and administrative developments
1983:, which becomes a vast ensemble of Buddhist temples.
1935:(Great Buddha), later to be completed and placed in
1480:) in 744–745, to Shigarakinomiya (紫香楽宮, present-day
1339:
With the spread of written language, the writing of
2186:"See Wybe Kuitert, Two Early Japanese Gardens 1991"
2100:
2061:
1850:north of Silla destabilized Japan-Silla relations.
1827:during the Nara period. They are believed to be of
2485:
1663:The central government established temples called
1435:The primary building, i.e. the Daigoku-den at the
1312:to record its history produced the first works of
2145:
3897:
2440:
1556:(capital city), the name it has had ever since.
1582:temple was built in 730, during the Nara period
1225:
2152:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 14–15.
1954:
1909:
1891:
1726:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1350:
1325:
1317:
1219:
27:
2639:
2409:Epidemics and Mortality in Early Modern Japan
2139:
2107:Shuichi Kato; Don Sanderson (15 April 2013).
2068:Shuichi Kato; Don Sanderson (15 April 2013).
1519:seized power at the court after the death of
1194:
16:Historical period of Japan from CE 710 to 794
2461:
2646:
2632:
1797:, were promoted to high government posts.
1748:
1316:during the Nara period. Works such as the
1201:
1187:
2528:Japan Emerging: Premodern History to 1850
2479:Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan
2446:Cambridge History of Japan: Ancient Japan
2333:
2034:
2457:. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu.
2406:
2400:
1908:720: The collection of tales called the
1890:712: The collection of tales called the
1761:) by sending diplomatic envoys known as
1585:
1573:
1563:
1430:
1374:
2919:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
2209:
3898:
2549:
2517:
2491:International Journal of Asian Studies
2452:
2356:
2350:
2305:
2299:
1964:784: The emperor moves the capital to
1288:The capital at Nara was modeled after
2627:
1523:. Fuhito was succeeded by four sons,
1275:life. Most of the villagers followed
2381:
2375:
2127:from the original on 8 November 2021
2088:from the original on 8 November 2021
1673:. The Tōdai-ji was the kokubunji of
306:• Capital moved to Nagaoka-kyō
2043:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p.
1871:710: Japan's capital is moved from
13:
3095:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2653:
2429:
2166:from the original on 5 August 2020
2149:A History of the Japanese Language
2146:Bjarke Frellesvig (29 July 2010).
1630:by Japanese emperors and princes.
1240:covers the years from 710 to 794.
14:
3942:
2962:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
1618:, an anthology of poems; and the
3880:
3879:
3868:
2568:
1823:frequently resisted rule by the
1745:for poetry-writing festivities.
414:
377:
352:
43:
2290:
2214:. Wadsworth. pp. 290–291.
2192:from the original on 2015-11-23
1994:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu rebellion
1931:issues a rescript to build the
1699:Nakamaro rose up in arms in 764
258:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu rebellion
3448:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
2357:Farris, William Wayne (2017).
2255:
2228:
2203:
2178:
2028:
2011:
295:Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion
1:
2407:Jannetta, Ann Bowman (2014).
2306:Suzuki, Akihito (July 2011).
2074:. Routledge. pp. 12–13.
2004:
1921:devastating smallpox epidemic
1757:civilization of its day (the
1637:. Buddhism was introduced by
1303:
2475:Sansom, George Bailey, G. B.
2025:, Federal Research Division.
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1308:Concentrated efforts by the
7:
3036:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
2982:Abolition of the han system
2237:says this in his note, see
1987:
1955:
1950:) at Tōdai-ji is completed.
1910:
1892:
1612:
1604:
1596:
1351:
1326:
1318:
1260:, in 784, before moving to
1256:established a new capital,
1244:established the capital of
1226:
10:
3947:
2434:
2210:Lockard, Craig A. (2009).
2035:Ellington, Lucien (2009).
1953:759: The poetic anthology
1648:During Shōmu's reign, the
1624:, an anthology written in
1537:major outbreak of smallpox
1292:, the capital city of the
245:Japanese smallpox epidemic
3863:
3631:
3509:
3500:
3443:
3434:
3369:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3146:
3137:
3105:
3048:Japan during World War II
3018:
2927:
2865:Mongol invasions of Japan
2840:
2765:
2692:
2683:
2665:
2586:Federal Research Division
2550:Kojima, Noriyuki (1994).
2503:10.1017/S1479591411000180
2326:10.1017/S0025727300005329
2113:. Routledge. p. 24.
1865:
1783:Chinese civil examination
1727:
1268:, a decade later in 794.
1220:
754:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
729:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
331:
327:
314:
304:
291:
277:
267:
254:
241:
228:
224:
216:
212:
200:
188:
184:
174:
170:
158:
146:
142:
132:
119:
105:
95:
85:
54:
42:
37:
28:
21:
3322:House of Representatives
3118:2019 imperial transition
3090:Great Hanshin earthquake
3058:Second Sino-Japanese War
3031:Japan during World War I
2543:
2453:Farris, William (1993).
2382:Kohn, George C. (2002).
1975:founds the monastery of
1735:Japanese writing systems
966:Great Hanshin earthquake
884:Second Sino-Japanese War
316:• Capital moved to
3005:First Sino-Japanese War
1971:788: The Buddhist monk
1946:752: The Great Buddha (
1860:Three Kingdoms of Korea
1812:and remained in Japan.
1749:International relations
1343:, known in Japanese as
812:Intervention in Siberia
739:First Sino-Japanese War
86:Official languages
3473:Science and technology
2912:Council of Five Elders
2907:Azuchi–Momoyama period
2581:Japan: A Country Study
2019:Japan: A Country Study
1591:
1583:
1571:
1448:
1428:
1141:Science and technology
894:Attack on Pearl Harbor
817:Great Kantō earthquake
759:Colonization of Taiwan
686:Convention of Kanagawa
526:Former Nine Years' War
469:1000 BC – 300 AD
455:14,000 – 1000 BC
230:• Established at
3931:794 disestablishments
3418:Deputy Prime Minister
2803:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
2518:Bender, Ross (2012).
1589:
1577:
1567:
1434:
1378:
859:Invasion of Manchuria
784:Colonization of Korea
744:Treaty of Shimonoseki
483:300 AD – 538 AD
96:Common languages
3916:8th century in Japan
3327:House of Councillors
3221:World Heritage Sites
2243:William George Aston
2235:William George Aston
1777:. One student named
1691:Fujiwara no Nakamaro
1590:Seated Bhaisajyaguru
1151:World Heritage Sites
869:February 26 incident
774:Treaty of Portsmouth
635:Battle of Sekigahara
531:Later Three-Year War
195:Fujiwara no Nakamaro
3344:Self-Defense Forces
2469:. pp. 650–800.
2023:Library of Congress
1838:Relations with the
1810:An Lushan Rebellion
1578:The East Pagoda of
1314:Japanese literature
981:Imperial transition
919:Occupation of Japan
909:Soviet–Japanese War
874:Anti-Comintern Pact
749:Triple Intervention
3926:710 establishments
3478:Telecommunications
3010:Russo-Japanese War
2940:Tokugawa shogunate
2890:Nanboku-chō period
2885:Ashikaga shogunate
2858:Kamakura shogunate
2487:Kornicki, Peter F.
2271:2014-05-26 at the
1592:
1584:
1572:
1521:Fujiwara no Fuhito
1449:
1429:
1041:Capital punishment
1017:2019–present
939:Asset price bubble
914:Surrender of Japan
779:Japan–Korea Treaty
769:Russo-Japanese War
724:Ryūkyū Disposition
666:Invasion of Ryukyu
661:Tokugawa shogunate
597:Nanboku-chō period
61:(710–740; 745–784)
3893:
3892:
3859:
3858:
3608:Sexual minorities
3496:
3495:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3339:Political parties
3278:Foreign relations
3229:
3228:
3133:
3132:
3123:COVID-19 pandemic
2992:Satsuma Rebellion
2977:Meiji Restoration
2875:Kenmu Restoration
2735:Foreign relations
2622:
2621:
2612:Succeeded by
2561:978-4-09-658002-8
2251:978-0-8048-3674-6
2221:978-1-4390-8540-0
2159:978-1-139-48880-8
2120:978-1-136-61368-5
2081:978-1-136-61368-5
2054:978-1-59884-162-6
1999:Takahashi Ujibumi
1819:(隼人) in southern
1706:Hyakumantō Darani
1472:) in 740–744, to
1427:
1426:
1211:
1210:
1076:Foreign relations
1021:
1020:
1009:Abe assassination
1004:COVID-19 pandemic
976:Tōhoku earthquake
734:Satsuma Rebellion
696:Meiji Restoration
574:Kenmu Restoration
393:
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384:
365:
364:
127:absolute monarchy
3938:
3883:
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3788:National symbols
3507:
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3441:
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3078:Economic miracle
2880:Muromachi period
2690:
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2648:
2641:
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2607:History of Japan
2596:Preceded by
2593:
2592:
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2572:
2571:
2565:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2530:. Westview Press
2514:
2482:
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2442:Brown, Delmer M.
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2065:
2059:
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2015:
1960:
1915:
1897:
1879:, modeled after
1825:imperial dynasty
1732:
1730:
1729:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1381:
1380:
1356:
1331:
1323:
1238:history of Japan
1235:
1234:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1033:
934:Economic miracle
849:Nanking incident
844:Financial crisis
681:Perry Expedition
655:
564:Mongol invasions
443:before 14,000 BC
433:
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408:History of Japan
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3675:Class S (genre)
3627:
3603:Sex trafficking
3578:Life expectancy
3514:Anti-monarchism
3492:
3422:
3365:
3332:List of members
3312:Law enforcement
3225:
3129:
3101:
3053:Mukden Incident
3014:
2972:Meiji oligarchy
2952:Empire of Japan
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2853:Kamakura period
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2273:Wayback Machine
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2016:
2012:
2007:
1990:
1868:
1779:Abe no Nakamaro
1751:
1724:
1679:Nara Prefecture
1675:Yamato Province
1658:Three Treasures
1562:
1373:
1341:Japanese poetry
1306:
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1217:
1207:
1157:
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1035:
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989:1989–2019
986:
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946:1926–1989
943:
904:Atomic bombings
879:Tripartite Pact
864:May 15 incident
854:Mukden Incident
825:1912–1926
822:
821:
792:1868–1912
789:
788:
764:Boxer Rebellion
709:1603–1868
706:
705:
653:
643:1573–1603
640:
639:
618:Azuchi–Momoyama
610:1336–1573
607:
606:
582:1185–1333
579:
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511:710 – 794
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202:• 765-766
191:
190:• 760-764
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160:• 781–794
149:
148:• 710–721
112:
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74:Shigarakinomiya
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50:
33:
24:
17:
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5:
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3730:Henohenomoheji
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3406:Prime Minister
3403:
3398:
3396:Foreign policy
3393:
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3273:Imperial House
3270:
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3258:
3253:
3247:
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3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
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3203:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3181:Extreme points
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3147:
3141:
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2902:Sengoku period
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2841:Post-Classical
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2650:
2643:
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2628:
2620:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2591:
2590:
2566:
2560:
2554:. Shōgakukan.
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2515:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2450:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2418:978-0816048939
2417:
2399:
2393:978-0816048939
2392:
2374:
2368:978-0415707022
2367:
2349:
2320:(3): 313–318.
2298:
2289:
2279:, 3, pp.15-31
2254:
2227:
2220:
2202:
2177:
2158:
2138:
2119:
2099:
2080:
2060:
2053:
2027:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1969:
1962:
1951:
1944:
1925:
1917:
1906:
1899:
1888:
1867:
1864:
1795:Kibi no Makibi
1750:
1747:
1717:Tempyō culture
1561:
1558:
1548:and in 794 to
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1372:
1369:
1310:imperial court
1305:
1302:
1242:Empress Genmei
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
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1123:
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1096:
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1086:Historiography
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1030:
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771:
766:
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731:
726:
720:
714:
711:
710:
707:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
671:Siege of Osaka
668:
663:
657:
648:
645:
644:
641:
638:
637:
632:
627:
621:
615:
612:
611:
608:
605:
604:
602:Sengoku period
599:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
555:
549:
546:
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544:794–1185
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345:
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329:
328:
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315:
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56:
52:
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48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3943:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Japanese eras
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3886:
3878:
3876:
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3499:
3489:
3486:
3484:
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3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:Manufacturing
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3416:
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3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3391:Fiscal policy
3389:
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3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
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3368:
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3357:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:National Diet
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:Supreme Court
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3285:
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36:
20:
3831:Tea ceremony
3808:
3802: /
3794:No-pan kissa
3792:
3763:Martial arts
3753:LGBT culture
3655:Architecture
3648: /
3593:Prostitution
3559:Homelessness
3529:Demographics
3453:Central bank
3283:Human rights
3251:Constitution
3106:Contemporary
2928:Early Modern
2832:Heian period
2826:
2820:Monmu period
2815:Taika Reform
2793:Asuka period
2788:Kofun period
2783:Yayoi period
2778:Jōmon period
2616:Heian period
2614:
2605:
2600:Asuka period
2598:
2580:
2551:
2532:. Retrieved
2527:
2520:Friday, Karl
2494:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2463:Ooms, Herman
2454:
2445:
2408:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2317:
2311:
2301:
2292:
2276:
2263:
2257:
2238:
2230:
2211:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2148:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2109:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2070:
2063:
2038:
2030:
2018:
2013:
1932:
1924:appeasement.
1903:Hōshi Ryokan
1873:Fujiwara-kyō
1837:
1829:Austronesian
1814:
1799:
1759:Tang dynasty
1752:
1743:
1710:
1703:
1683:
1665:
1662:
1647:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1593:
1542:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1450:
1437:Heijō Palace
1362:
1344:
1338:
1307:
1294:Tang dynasty
1287:
1280:
1270:
1227:
1214:
1212:
1099:Christianity
995:
961:Lost Decades
952:
889:World War II
830:
798:
715:
650:
625:Nanban trade
616:
588:
550:
517:
504:
503:
489:
475:
461:
448:
436:
373:Heian Period
360:Asuka period
342:Succeeded by
341:
336:
283:promulgated
176:Daijō-daijin
100:Old Japanese
3906:Nara period
3846:Video games
3588:Pornography
3196:Prefectures
3176:Environment
3171:Earthquakes
3156:Archipelago
3063:Pacific War
3019:Late Modern
2827:Nara period
2773:Paleolithic
2534:October 11,
2497:: 9:43–70.
1919:735–737: A
1912:Nihon Shoki
1883:'s capital
1842:kingdom of
1781:passed the
1606:Nihon Shoki
1546:Nagaoka-kyō
1451:Before the
1445:Daibutsuden
1361:, known as
1328:Nihon Shoki
1258:Nagaoka-kyō
1215:Nara period
1051:Earthquakes
899:Pacific War
807:World War I
438:Paleolithic
337:Preceded by
79:Nagaoka-kyō
3900:Categories
3836:Television
3758:Literature
3720:Hikikomori
3641:Aesthetics
3519:Censorship
3401:Ministries
3371:Government
3085:Heisei era
3068:Occupation
3026:Taishō era
2987:Boshin War
2967:Government
2935:Edo period
2848:Genpei War
2798:Taihō Code
2196:2015-11-26
2170:9 December
2131:9 December
2092:9 December
2005:References
1580:Yakushi-ji
1474:Naniwa-kyō
1453:Taihō Code
1400:Hokurikudō
1364:man'yōgana
1304:Literature
1228:Nara jidai
971:Cool Japan
839:Militarism
701:Boshin War
654:(Tokugawa)
536:Genpei War
120:Government
69:Naniwa-kyō
3810:Otokonoko
3778:Mythology
3690:Festivals
3613:Sexuality
3566:Languages
3539:Etiquette
3534:Education
3483:Transport
3295:Judiciary
3256:Elections
3166:Districts
3151:Addresses
3139:Geography
3113:Reiwa era
3043:Shōwa era
2957:Meiji era
2947:Bakumatsu
2870:Genkō War
2730:Education
2693:Overviews
2511:146242695
2285:1341-7207
1957:Man'yōshū
1901:717: The
1877:Heijō-kyō
1789:(Chinese
1737:(such as
1721:Silk Road
1671:provinces
1666:kokubunji
1614:Man'yōshū
1550:Heian-kyō
1525:Muchimaro
1482:Shigaraki
1458:Heijō-kyō
1353:Man'yōshū
1264:, modern
1262:Heian-kyō
1246:Heijō-kyō
1090:Religion
1081:Geography
1066:Education
1061:Era names
691:Bakumatsu
630:Imjin War
590:Muromachi
569:Genkō War
559:Jōkyū War
318:Heian-kyō
281:Yōrō Code
106:Religion
81:(784–794)
71:(744–745)
66:(740–744)
59:Heijō-kyō
3885:Category
3700:Folklore
3598:Religion
3571:Japanese
3544:Gambling
3354:Maritime
3235:Politics
3216:Villages
2897:Ōnin War
2740:Military
2725:Economic
2659:articles
2477:(1978).
2465:(2009).
2444:(1993).
2344:21792253
2269:Archived
2190:Archived
2164:Archived
2125:Archived
2086:Archived
1988:See also
1948:Daibutsu
1937:Tōdai-ji
1933:Daibutsu
1885:Chang'an
1856:Goguryeo
1833:Ritsuryō
1771:Chang'an
1763:kentōshi
1739:katakana
1713:Shōsō-in
1654:Daibutsu
1650:Tōdai-ji
1635:Buddhism
1533:Fusasaki
1513:Fujiwara
1470:Kizugawa
1466:Kuni-kyō
1441:Tōdai-ji
1422:Saikaidō
1417:Nankaidō
1412:San’yōdō
1407:San’indō
1359:Japanese
1324:and the
1298:Buddhism
1290:Chang'an
1175:Timeline
1165:Glossary
1136:Post-war
1131:Politics
1121:Military
1094:Buddhism
1046:Currency
552:Kamakura
400:a series
398:Part of
110:Buddhism
90:Japanese
64:Kuni-kyō
26:Nippon (
3841:Theatre
3816:Origami
3743:Irezumi
3738:Ikebana
3705:Gardens
3680:Cuisine
3633:Culture
3618:Smoking
3554:Housing
3502:Society
3436:Economy
3379:Cabinet
3261:Emperor
3201:Regions
3186:Islands
3073:Postwar
3001:(noble)
2766:Ancient
2713:Shoguns
2685:History
2675:Outline
2522:(ed.).
2435:English
2335:3143877
1979:, near
1977:Mt Hiei
1966:Nagaoka
1791:Vietnam
1775:Luoyang
1765:to the
1755:Chinese
1669:in the
1621:Kaifūsō
1569:Shōsōin
1501:furōsha
1490:Shōtoku
1395:Tōsandō
1390:Tōkaidō
1273:village
1236:of the
1170:History
1109:Judaism
1056:Economy
427:Periods
293:•
279:•
273:740–745
256:•
250:735–737
243:•
217:History
134:Emperor
55:Capital
38:710–794
3826:Shinto
3748:Kawaii
3725:Hanami
3710:Geisha
3670:Cinema
3665:Bonsai
3583:People
3549:Health
3468:Energy
3349:Ground
3206:Rivers
3161:Cities
2999:Kazoku
2699:Lists
2657:
2577:.
2558:
2509:
2415:
2390:
2365:
2342:
2332:
2283:
2249:
2218:
2156:
2117:
2078:
2051:
1973:Saichō
1894:Kojiki
1866:Events
1852:Balhae
1848:Balhae
1840:Korean
1821:Kyushu
1806:Balhae
1639:Baekje
1598:Kojiki
1529:Umakai
1320:Kojiki
1277:Shintō
1146:Sports
1114:Shinto
1071:Empire
1032:Topics
954:Heisei
800:Taishō
676:Sakoku
402:on the
220:
180:
153:Genmei
138:
124:Feudal
114:Shinto
23:Nippon
3821:Sport
3804:Sentō
3800:Onsen
3783:Names
3773:Music
3768:Media
3734:Icons
3715:Games
3650:Manga
3646:Anime
3623:Women
3524:Crime
3458:Labor
3211:Towns
3191:Lakes
2745:Naval
2708:Clans
2670:Index
2655:Japan
2544:Other
2507:S2CID
2039:Japan
1981:Kyoto
1927:743:
1881:China
1844:Silla
1787:Annam
1728:正倉院文書
1695:Dōkyō
1627:kanji
1554:Kyoto
1506:shōen
1495:shōen
1478:Osaka
1460:, or
1385:Kinai
1334:Japan
1266:Kyoto
1126:Naval
1104:Islam
997:Reiwa
832:Shōwa
717:Meiji
519:Heian
491:Asuka
477:Kofun
463:Yayoi
450:Jōmon
207:Dōkyō
76:(745)
3695:Flag
3684:wine
3411:list
3384:list
3288:LGBT
3266:list
2718:Wars
2703:Eras
2556:ISBN
2536:2012
2413:ISBN
2388:ISBN
2363:ISBN
2340:PMID
2281:ISSN
2247:ISBN
2216:ISBN
2172:2018
2154:ISBN
2133:2018
2115:ISBN
2094:2018
2076:ISBN
2049:ISBN
1941:Nara
1815:The
1801:Tang
1773:and
1767:Tang
1602:and
1462:Nara
1346:waka
1282:kami
1250:Nara
1221:奈良時代
1213:The
505:Nara
232:Nara
3851:Zen
3660:Art
3488:Yen
3359:Air
3307:Law
2499:doi
2330:PMC
2322:doi
2275:'.
1875:to
1741:).
1681:).
1443:'s
651:Edo
323:794
310:784
300:764
287:757
263:740
237:710
3902::
2584:.
2526:.
2505:.
2493:.
2338:.
2328:.
2318:55
2316:.
2310:.
2188:.
2162:.
2123:.
2084:.
2047:.
2045:28
2021:.
1939:,
1862:.
1835:.
1697:,
1531:,
1527:,
1508:.
1367:.
1336:.
1300:.
1224:,
29:日本
3686:)
3682:(
2647:e
2640:t
2633:v
2588:.
2564:.
2538:.
2513:.
2501::
2495:9
2481:.
2448:.
2421:.
2396:.
2371:.
2346:.
2324::
2287:.
2266:.
2224:.
2199:.
2174:.
2135:.
2096:.
2057:.
1968:.
1943:.
1887:.
1731:)
1725:(
1284:.
1233:)
1218:(
1202:e
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32:)
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