476:
491:
31:
1765:
831:
degree the south pole was, we tooke the day with the soonne, and obserued the nyght with the
Astrolabie, and sawe manifestly twoo clowdes of reasonable bygnesse mouynge abowt the place of the pole continually now rysynge and nowe faulynge, so keepynge theyr continuall course in circular mouying, with a starre euer in the myddest which is turned abowt with them abowte xi degrees from the pole." ("Here we saw a marvelous arrangement of stars, so that in the part of heaven opposite our north pole, in order to know in what place and degree the south pole was, we the day using the sun, and observed the night using an
776:(in Latin) From p. 217: "Assecuti sunt Portugallenses alterius poli gradum quintum & quinquagesimum amplius, ubi punctum, circumeuntes quasdam nubeculas licet intueri, veluti in lactea via sparsos fulgores per universum coeli globum intra eius spatii latitudinem." ("The Portuguese reached beyond the 55th degree of the other pole, where one may observe certain nebulae revolving around the point , scattered in the Milky Way like luminous patches throughout the whole sphere of the sky, within the breadth of its extent." )
460:
357:
in the current observable universe. Since the sizes of relatively nearby galaxies are highly skewed, the average mass can be a misleading statistic. In terms of rank, the LMC appears to be the fourth most massive member of over 50 galaxies in the local group. Suggesting that the
Magellanic cloud system is historically not a part of the Milky Way is evidence that the SMC has been in orbit about the LMC for a very long time. The Magellanic system seems most similar to the distinct
2216:
39:
2206:
2254:
1071:(the mean between the maximum and the minimum) of -7.3 m corresponds to a period of 6.6 days. Variable of the period 6.6 days have in the Small Magellanic Cloud a mean photographic star size of 14.5 m. If one assumes — according to the universal yellow color of the δ Cepheid variables — a color index of + 1.5 m, then the corresponding visual star size will equal 13.0 m. This consideration thus leads to a parallax
2278:
2266:
50:
2242:
511:
due to a past interaction with the LMC splitting the SMC, and that the two sections are still moving apart. They have dubbed this smaller remnant the Mini
Magellanic Cloud. This hypothesis was confirmed in 2023. The part of the SMC which is closer to Earth lies 196,000 light-years (60 kiloparsecs) away, whereas the farther part lies 215,000 light-years (66 kiloparsecs) away.
1083:= 0.0001", corresponding to a distance of about 3000 light-years. Since the galactic latitude of the Small Magellanic Cloud amounts to about - 45°, then it would lie — according to the foregoing — about 2000 light-years from a plane through our Sun lying parallel to the Milky Way and would have to be regarded as lying outside the Milky Way.)
745:
364:
Astronomers have long assumed that the
Magellanic Clouds have orbited the Milky Way at approximately their current distances, but evidence suggests that it is rare for them to come as close to the Milky Way as they are now. Observation and theoretical evidence suggest that the Magellanic Clouds have
356:
The total mass of these two galaxies is uncertain. Only a fraction of their gas seems to have coalesced into stars and they probably both have large dark matter halos. One recent estimate of the total mass of the LMC is about 1/10 that of the Milky Way. That would make the LMC rather a large galaxy
830:
Corsali said that his ship had passed the Cape of Good Hope ("the cape of Bona
Speranza") and was at 37 degrees south latitude when he observed the Magellanic clouds: "Here we sawe a marueylous order of starres, so that in the parte of heauen contrary to owre northe pole, to know in what place and
510:
Astrophysicists D. S. Mathewson, V. L. Ford and N. Visvanathan proposed that the SMC may in fact be split in two, with a smaller section of this galaxy behind the main part of the SMC (as seen from Earth's perspective), and separated by about 30,000 light years. They suggest the reason for this is
1070:
From p. 204: "Zunächst ergibt sich eine
Parallaxe der kleinen Magellanschen Wolke. ... und als außerhalb der Milchstraße liegend zu betrachten sein." (First, a parallax of the Small Magellanic Cloud follows. According to the 13 δ Cepheid variable that are treated above, the absolute brightness
352:
in 1994, they were the closest known galaxies to our own. The LMC lies about 160,000 light years away, while the SMC is around 200,000. The LMC is about 70% larger than the diameter of the SMC (32,200 ly and 18,900 ly respectively). For comparison, the Milky Way is about 87,400 ly
835:, and saw clearly two clouds of reasonable bigness revolving around the location of the pole, continually now rising and now falling, thus maintaining their continual course of circular motion, with a star always in the middle , which revolves with them about 11 degrees from the pole.")
319:
to refine the measurement, and these were again revised in 1952 following further research. As of 2023, some astronomers believe the
Magellanic Clouds should be renamed, alleging that Magellan was a murderer and neither an astronomer nor the discoverer of the dwarf galaxies.
369:
interaction with the Milky Way as they travel close to it. The LMC maintains a very clear spiral structure in radio-telescope images of neutral hydrogen. Streams of neutral hydrogen connect them to the Milky Way and to each other, and both resemble disrupted
906:
864:
From p. 66: "The antarctic pole is not so covered with stars as the arctic, for there are to be seen there many small stars congregated together, which are like to two clouds a little separated from one another, and a little
452:
and belongs to the leading arm of the
Magellanic Clouds. The existence of this star cluster suggests that the leading arm of the Magellanic Clouds is 90,000 light-years away from the Milky Way—closer than previously thought.
427:. If they are in orbit, that orbit takes at least 4 billion years. They are possibly on a first approach and we are witnessing the start of a galactic merger that may overlap with the Milky Way's expected merger with the
927:[Table of the apparent right ascensions and declinations of the southern stars contained within the Tropic of Capricorn; observed at the Cape of Good Hope during the period from 6 August 1751 to 18 July 1752].
925:"Table des ascensions droites et des déclinaisons apparentes des étoiles australes renfermées dans le tropique cu Capricorne; observées au cap de Bonne-espérance, dans l'intervalle du 6 Août 1751, au 18 Juillet 1752"
242:
did not mention any of this so we do not know if this is true or false." Both Ibn
Qutaybah and Al-Sufi were probably quoting from the former's contemporary (and compatriot) and famed scientist
899:
1038:, and the Nebulae, are individuals, and which are themselves composed of stars (either simple, multiple, or in clusters) and of gaseous bodies of both regular and irregular outlines."
299:
studied the
Magellanic Clouds from South Africa, writing an 1847 report detailing 919 objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud and 244 objects in the Small Magellanic Cloud. In 1867
490:
1223:
385:
Aside from their different structure and lower mass, they differ from our galaxy in two major ways. They are gas-rich; a higher fraction of their mass is hydrogen and
246:'s mostly lost work on Anwaa. Abu Hanifa was probably quoting earlier sources, which may be just travelers stories, and hence Al-Sufi's comments about their veracity.
1149:"Studies on the colors and magnitudes in stellar clusters. Seventh paper: The distances, distributions in space, and dimensions of 69 globular clusters"
423:
Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope, announced in 2006, suggest the Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be long term companions of the
588:
269:
on its circumnavigation of the world in 1519–1522. However, naming the clouds after Magellan did not become widespread until much later. In Bayer's
968:
1317:
Macri, L. M.; et al. (2006). "A New Cepheid Distance to the Maser-Host Galaxy NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant".
475:
811:
From 1515 to 1517, Andrea Corsali sailed to the East Indies and China in a Portuguese ship. In 1516, Andrea Corsali sent a letter to
1148:
1486:
929:
Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
812:
53:
ALMA antennae bathed in red light. In the background are the southern Milky Way on the left and the Magellanic Clouds at the top.
1641:
1447:
1190:
698:
1764:
1049:
520:
2096:
1934:
1702:
1674:
349:
95:
76:
666:
222:
there are two stars known as the 'feet of Canopus', and beneath those there are bright white stars that are unseen in
2176:
1003:
17:
635:
2171:
1404:
181:وأسفل من سهيل قدما سهيل . وفى مجرى قدمى سهيل، من خلفهما كواكب زهر كبار، لا ترى بالعراق، يسميها أهل تهامة الأعبار
1093:
459:
2016:
1910:
1428:
937:
Planisphere contenant des constellations celestes comprises entre le pole austral et le Tropique du Capricorne
2021:
1818:
1288:
819:(c.1520–1576) and published in 1555. The relevant part of Corsali's letter (translated by Eden) appears in:
80:
827:
2308:
773:
1030:, which is therefore essentially stellar. 3. The visible universe is composed of systems, of which the
890:) appears to the left and below the chart's center and touches the right side of Hydrus the water snake.
2298:
2232:
1826:
1255:
957:
254:
30:
1557:
Mathewson, D. S.; Ford, V. L.; Visvanathan, N. (1986). "The structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud".
1209:
861:
842:, 2nd ed. (New York, New York: Springer Science + Business Media, 2012), § 4.3.2.2 Andreas Corsali,
816:
284:
988:
Results of Astronomical Observations Made During the Years 1834, 5, 6, 7, 8 at the Cape of Good Hope
405:, but as in our own galaxy their stars range from the very young to the very old, indicating a long
2116:
1846:
934:
924:
798:
188:, there are the feet of Canopus, and on their extension, behind them bright big stars, not seen in
2046:
2011:
1808:
1667:
1591:
303:
suggested that they were separate satellites of the Milky Way. Distances were first estimated by
582:
Tepper-García, Thor; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Pawlowski, Marcel S.; Fritz, Tobias K. (2019-09-01).
1958:
1953:
1605:"A galactic eclipse: the Small Magellanic Cloud is forming stars in two, superimposed systems"
886:) appears below the chart's center and just above the fish Dorado; the Small Magellanic Cloud (
662:
481:
466:
333:
329:
131:
117:
986:
843:
826:... (Birmingham, England: 1885), "Of the pole antarike and the starres abowt the same ... ",
788:
684:
2186:
2111:
2061:
2056:
1727:
1646:
1224:"'Violent colonialist' Magellan is unfit to keep his place in the night sky, say astronomers"
2303:
2066:
2051:
1920:
1566:
1468:
1336:
1292:
1233:
1118:
1061:
371:
336:, are conspicuous objects in the southern hemisphere, looking like separated pieces of the
103:
879:
389:
compared to the Milky Way. They are also more metal-poor than the Milky Way; the youngest
8:
2282:
2131:
1741:
243:
210:
143:
139:
43:
1570:
1340:
1296:
1122:
1065:
2270:
2258:
2219:
2126:
2081:
1915:
1721:
1660:
1519:
1483:
1352:
1326:
680:
597:
402:
266:
174:
125:
1370:
2205:
2191:
2181:
2006:
1963:
1894:
1879:
1455:
1186:
617:
535:
530:
497:
443:
432:
312:
308:
304:
262:
107:
1387:
1356:
772:(Cologne, (Germany): Geruinum Calenium (Gerwin Calenius), 1574), decade 3, book 1,
555:
2209:
2141:
2001:
1574:
1533:
1344:
1160:
1126:
1106:
1015:
940:
pole and the Tropic of Capricorn]) following p. 592. (The Large Magellanic Cloud (
607:
525:
428:
121:
70:
1026:
From p. 262: "2. The Nebulae resolved and unresolved lie in general without the
702:
1874:
1783:
1490:
972:
910:
1386:
Majaess, Daniel J.; Turner, David G.; Lane, David J.; Henden, Arne; Krajci, Tom
815:, mentioning the Magellanic clouds. This letter was translated into English by
793:
For further details of – and other editions of – Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's book
724:
2136:
2026:
1899:
1851:
1796:
1407:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 5 January 2010
439:
406:
341:
316:
300:
258:
1020:
746:"Book of Fixed Stars, Al-Sufi (manuscript written and illustrated by his son)"
2292:
2121:
2076:
1866:
1856:
1791:
1130:
676:
621:
379:
296:
1996:
612:
583:
2246:
2091:
2041:
1973:
1889:
1884:
1801:
1515:
1228:
1205:
166:
73:
1991:
1556:
1280:
1052:[On the spatial distribution of variable of the δ Cepheid type].
2036:
2031:
1841:
1715:
1709:
1331:
581:
449:
394:
366:
345:
344:
apart in the night sky, the true distance between them is roughly 75,000
271:
99:
1986:
261:, both based on Portuguese voyages. Subsequently, they were reported by
1734:
1604:
215:
155:
38:
378:
has affected the Milky Way as well, distorting the outer parts of the
2151:
2086:
1981:
1904:
1836:
1831:
1695:
1683:
1050:"Über die räumliche Verteilung der Veränderlichen vom δ Cephei-Typus"
832:
780:
765:
For Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's mention of the Magellanic clouds, see:
424:
413:
397:
of 0.5 and 0.25 times solar, respectively. Both are noted for their
337:
88:
556:"Media Advisory: Virtual Press Conference to Mark ALMA Inauguration"
1748:
1578:
1348:
1165:
602:
417:
358:
163:
2146:
2106:
2101:
1388:"Anchoring the Universal Distance Scale via a Wesenheit Template"
672:
375:
239:
219:
214:, mentioned the same quote, but with a different spelling. Under
205:
185:
1647:
ESO: VISTA Peeks Through the Small Magellanic Cloud’s Dusty Veil
398:
386:
250:
231:
193:
91:
1592:
http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/122/1/220/200523.text.html
1516:"Press release: Magellanic Clouds May Be Just Passing Through"
1392:
Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers
154:
An early possible mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud is in
138:
The Magellanic clouds are visible to the unaided eye from the
2071:
1092:
Leavitt, Henrietta S.; Pickering, Edward C. (March 3, 1912).
584:"The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream"
159:
84:
1652:
1094:"Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud"
49:
1185:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 231–232.
390:
253:, the Clouds were reported by 16th century Italian authors
227:
223:
218:, he quoted that "unnamed others have claimed that beneath
189:
2241:
785:
Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe
1183:
Encyclopedia of the History of Astronomy and Astrophysics
991:. London, England: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 151–165.
856:
Pigafetta et al., with Lord Stanley of Alderley, trans.,
560:
1631:(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993), pp. 357–8.
1469:
http://home.insightbb.com/~lasweb/lessons/magellanic.htm
1426:
Ferris, Timothy (December 2011). "Dancing in the Dark".
1256:"The Magellanic Clouds must be renamed, astronomers say"
1075:
of the Small Magellanic Cloud, which is given by 5 log
438:
In 2019, astronomers discovered the young star cluster
2230:
1624:(Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1993), p. 550.
1484:
http://aa.springer.de/papers/8336003/2300925/sc6.htm
412:
The Large Magellanic Cloud was the host galaxy to a
1603:Murray, Claire E. ; et al. (14 December 2023)
1206:"Astronomers need to rename the Magellanic Clouds"
420:), the brightest observed in over four centuries.
1008:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
960:Planisphere contenant les Constellations Celestes
787:(London, England: Henry G. Bohn, 1852), vol. 4,
589:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
361:system, which is on the edge of the Local Group.
2290:
1104:
283:. In the 1756 star map of the French astronomer
948:) appear just below the center of the diagram.)
913:U.S. Naval Observatory; retrieved on 2009-09-05
725:"Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi)"
208:, a professional astronomer, in 964 CE, in his
1594:The Astronomical Journal 122:220–231 July 2001
505:
315:. Recalibration of the Cepheid scales allowed
1668:
1310:
1004:"On the distribution of the nebulae in space"
858:The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan
840:Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
521:Astronomical surveys of the Magellanic Clouds
1363:
1281:"A Cosmic Zoo in the Large Magellanic Cloud"
1174:
922:
661:
134:(SMC), about 206 kly (63 kpc) away
1380:
1375:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1285:European Southern Observatory Press Release
1180:
1047:
975:Linda Hall Library; retrieved on 2009-09-05
860:(London, England: Hakluyt Society, 1874),
295:("the Large Cloud" and "the Small Cloud").
162:. They may be the objects mentioned by the
1675:
1661:
636:"Magellanic System | UW-Madison Astronomy"
1330:
1253:
1164:
1019:
611:
601:
27:Two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
1109:[Reports about variable stars].
1107:"Mitteilungen über veränderliche Sterne"
984:
878:. Augsburg, (Germany): Christoph Mang.
824:The First Three English Books on America
48:
37:
29:
1757:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
1448:"The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds"
1146:
1105:Pickering, E.C.; Wendell, O.C. (1912).
657:
655:
142:, but cannot be observed from the most
42:Small and Large Magellanic Clouds over
14:
2291:
1425:
1254:Ravisetti, Monisha (3 November 2023).
822:Richard Eden, with Edward Arber, ed.,
1656:
1369:Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.
1316:
1221:
964:Memoires Academie Royale des Sciences
34:The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds
1098:Harvard College Observatory Circular
1079:= -7.3 - 13.0 = -20.3. One obtains
1001:
813:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
652:
332:and its neighbour and relative, the
265:, who accompanied the expedition of
113:The two galaxies are the following:
1208:Mia de los Reyes 12 September 2023
350:Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
307:in 1913 using 1912 measurements of
24:
1763:
1649:—including photos & animations
1620:Eric Chaisson and Steve McMillan,
944:) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (
668:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
500:data with foreground stars removed
323:
25:
2320:
1635:
1222:McKie, Robin (12 November 2023).
768:Petrus Martyr de Anghiera (1574)
448:data. The star cluster has a low
106:, they are often reclassified as
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2215:
2214:
2204:
489:
474:
458:
1642:Magellanic Clouds Working Group
1597:
1585:
1550:
1526:
1508:
1499:
1477:
1462:
1440:
1419:
1397:
1273:
1247:
1215:
1199:
1140:
1086:
1041:
995:
978:
951:
916:
893:
868:
850:
770:De rebus Oceanicis et Orbe Novo
365:both been greatly distorted by
102:. Because both show signs of a
1534:"IoW_20200109 - Gaia - Cosmos"
805:
779:Humboldt, Alexander von, with
759:
738:
717:
691:
628:
575:
548:
230:, and that the inhabitants of
13:
1:
2177:Andromeda–Milky Way collision
1682:
1289:European Southern Observatory
541:
348:. Until the discovery of the
173:(the stations of the Moon in
81:southern celestial hemisphere
1212:; retrieved 12 November 2023
985:Herschel, John F.W. (1847).
882:The Large Magellanic Cloud (
797:, see Knowledge's article:
340:to the naked eye. Roughly 21
169:(d. 889 CE), in his book on
7:
1181:Leverington, David (2013).
958:de Lacaille, N. L., (1756)
514:
506:Mini Magellanic Cloud (MMC)
158:and rock drawings found in
10:
2325:
1614:
496:LMC and SMC rendered from
393:in the LMC and SMC have a
149:
2200:
2164:
1972:
1944:
1933:
1865:
1817:
1782:
1775:
1761:
1690:
1559:The Astrophysical Journal
1319:The Astrophysical Journal
1210:American Physical Society
1153:The Astrophysical Journal
1111:Astronomische Nachrichten
1054:Astronomische Nachrichten
287:, they are designated as
1405:"Little Galaxy Explored"
1147:Shapley, Harlow (1918).
1131:10.1002/asna.19121921303
1048:Hertzsprung, E. (1913).
1002:Abbe, Cleveland (1867).
838:See also: Kanas, Nick,
799:Decades of the New World
699:"Al-Anwaa, Ibn Qutaybah"
1809:Supermassive black hole
1496:Retrieved on 2007-05-31
1474:Retrieved on 2007-05-31
1103:Summarized in German:
1021:10.1093/mnras/27.7.257a
783:and B.H. Paul, trans.,
275:they are designated as
255:Peter Martyr d'Anghiera
2097:Sagittarius Spheroidal
1959:Small Magellanic Cloud
1954:Large Magellanic Cloud
1911:Pisces-Eridanus stream
1769:
482:Small Magellanic Cloud
467:Large Magellanic Cloud
372:barred spiral galaxies
334:Small Magellanic Cloud
330:Large Magellanic Cloud
202:
132:Small Magellanic Cloud
120:(LMC), about 163
118:Large Magellanic Cloud
54:
46:
35:
1767:
1728:Laniakea Supercluster
1505:Chaisson and McMillan
1371:"The Hubble Constant"
931:(in French): 539–592.
923:de la Caille (1752).
613:10.1093/mnras/stz1659
179:
52:
41:
33:
1768:The Milky Way Galaxy
1629:Conceptual Astronomy
1234:Guardian Media Group
874:Bayer Johann (1603)
1742:Observable universe
1571:1986ApJ...301..664M
1429:National Geographic
1341:2006ApJ...652.1133M
1297:2010eso..pres...21.
1291:: 21. 1 June 2010.
1123:1912AN....192..219P
1066:1913AN....196..201H
403:stellar populations
244:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
211:Book of Fixed Stars
175:pre-Islamic Arabian
140:Southern Hemisphere
98:are members of the
67:Nubeculae Magellani
44:Paranal Observatory
2309:Milky Way Subgroup
2082:Pisces Overdensity
1916:Sagittarius Stream
1827:Carina–Sagittarius
1770:
1722:Virgo Supercluster
1703:Milky Way subgroup
1538:www.cosmos.esa.int
1522:. January 9, 2007.
1520:Harvard University
1489:2007-06-07 at the
1472:Home.insightbb.com
971:2009-05-09 at the
909:2011-07-22 at the
900:Bayer, J., (1661)
681:Dover Publications
267:Ferdinand Magellan
144:northern latitudes
96:satellite galaxies
55:
47:
36:
2299:Magellanic Clouds
2228:
2227:
2192:Zone of Avoidance
2160:
2159:
2007:Canes Venatici II
1964:Magellanic Bridge
1946:Magellanic Clouds
1929:
1928:
1895:Magellanic Stream
1880:Fimbulthul stream
1458:on July 15, 2005.
1192:978-0-521-89994-9
1060:(4692): 201–208.
536:Magellanic Stream
531:Magellanic Bridge
435:) in the future.
433:Triangulum Galaxy
431:(and perhaps the
407:stellar formation
313:Henrietta Leavitt
309:Cepheid variables
305:Ejnar Hertzsprung
263:Antonio Pigafetta
108:Magellanic spiral
63:Magellanic system
59:Magellanic Clouds
16:(Redirected from
2316:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2218:
2217:
2210:Astronomy portal
2208:
2002:Canes Venatici I
1942:
1941:
1847:Scutum–Centaurus
1780:
1779:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1627:Michael Zeilik,
1608:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1481:
1475:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1454:. Archived from
1444:
1438:
1437:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1334:
1332:astro-ph/0608211
1325:(2): 1133–1149.
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1219:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1144:
1138:
1135:See pp. 225-226.
1134:
1090:
1084:
1069:
1045:
1039:
1025:
1023:
999:
993:
992:
982:
976:
955:
949:
932:
920:
914:
897:
891:
872:
866:
854:
848:
809:
803:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
721:
715:
714:
712:
710:
701:. Archived from
695:
689:
688:
659:
650:
649:
647:
646:
632:
626:
625:
615:
605:
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
552:
526:Irregular galaxy
493:
478:
462:
429:Andromeda Galaxy
192:, the people of
21:
18:Magellanic Cloud
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2239:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2196:
2172:Alternate names
2156:
1968:
1936:
1925:
1875:Aquarius Stream
1861:
1813:
1784:Galactic Center
1771:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1686:
1681:
1638:
1622:Astronomy Today
1617:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1491:Wayback Machine
1482:
1478:
1467:
1463:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1381:
1368:
1364:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1220:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1145:
1141:
1117:(13): 219–226.
1091:
1087:
1046:
1042:
1000:
996:
983:
979:
973:Wayback Machine
956:
952:
921:
917:
911:Wayback Machine
898:
894:
873:
869:
855:
851:
810:
806:
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
723:
722:
718:
708:
706:
705:on 24 July 2017
697:
696:
692:
660:
653:
644:
642:
634:
633:
629:
580:
576:
566:
564:
554:
553:
549:
544:
517:
508:
501:
494:
485:
479:
470:
463:
326:
324:Characteristics
152:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2322:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:Baade's Window
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Ursa Major III
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Coma Berenices
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:Monoceros Ring
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1852:Near 3 kpc Arm
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1797:Sagittarius A*
1794:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1636:External links
1634:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1596:
1584:
1579:10.1086/163932
1549:
1525:
1507:
1498:
1494:Aa.springer.de
1476:
1461:
1439:
1418:
1396:
1379:
1362:
1349:10.1086/508530
1309:
1272:
1246:
1214:
1198:
1191:
1173:
1166:10.1086/142423
1139:
1137:
1136:
1085:
1040:
1014:(7): 257–264.
994:
977:
950:
946:Le Petit Nuage
942:Le Grand Nuage
915:
904:, pl. Aaa (49)
892:
888:Nubecula minor
884:Nubecula major
880:Star chart 49.
867:
849:
847:
846:
836:
804:
802:
801:
791:
777:
758:
737:
716:
690:
683:Inc. pp.
651:
640:astro.wisc.edu
627:
596:(1): 918–938.
574:
546:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
516:
513:
507:
504:
503:
502:
495:
488:
486:
480:
473:
471:
464:
457:
440:Price-Whelan 1
325:
322:
317:Harlow Shapley
311:in the SMC by
301:Cleveland Abbe
293:le Petit Nuage
289:le Grand Nuage
281:nubecula minor
277:nubecula major
259:Andrea Corsali
151:
148:
136:
135:
129:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Ursa Major II
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Triangulum II
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1857:Far 3 kpc Arm
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:Fermi bubbles
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Sagittarius A
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1452:www.mq.edu.au
1449:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:(in German).
1112:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:(in German).
1055:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
990:
989:
981:
974:
970:
967:
965:
961:
954:
947:
943:
939:
938:
930:
926:
919:
912:
908:
905:
903:
896:
889:
885:
881:
877:
871:
863:
859:
853:
845:
841:
837:
834:
829:
825:
821:
820:
818:
814:
808:
800:
796:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
771:
767:
766:
762:
747:
741:
726:
720:
704:
700:
694:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:
664:
658:
656:
641:
637:
631:
623:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
595:
591:
590:
585:
578:
563:
562:
557:
551:
547:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
512:
499:
492:
487:
483:
477:
472:
468:
461:
456:
455:
454:
451:
447:
446:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
380:galactic disk
377:
373:
368:
362:
360:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:John Herschel
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
147:
145:
141:
133:
130:
127:
123:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
109:
105:
104:bar structure
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
51:
45:
40:
32:
19:
2283:Solar System
2187:In mythology
2127:Ursa Major I
2092:Reticulum II
1945:
1921:Virgo Stream
1890:Helmi stream
1885:Gaia Sausage
1837:Orion–Cygnus
1832:Norma–Cygnus
1753:Each arrow (
1628:
1621:
1599:
1587:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1510:
1501:
1493:
1479:
1471:
1464:
1456:the original
1451:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1399:
1391:
1382:
1374:
1365:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1284:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1229:The Observer
1227:
1217:
1201:
1182:
1176:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1011:
1007:
997:
987:
980:
963:
959:
953:
945:
941:
936:
928:
918:
901:
895:
887:
883:
875:
870:
857:
852:
839:
823:
817:Richard Eden
807:
795:De Orbe Novo
794:
789:pp. 340–341.
784:
769:
761:
749:. Retrieved
740:
728:. Retrieved
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:the original
693:
675: ed.).
667:
663:Allen, R. H.
643:. Retrieved
639:
630:
593:
587:
577:
565:. Retrieved
559:
550:
509:
444:
437:
422:
411:
384:
363:
355:
327:
292:
288:
280:
276:
270:
248:
235:
209:
203:
197:
183:
180:
170:
167:Ibn Qutaybah
153:
137:
112:
66:
62:
58:
56:
2304:Local Group
2271:Outer space
2259:Spaceflight
2037:Eridanus II
2012:Canis Major
1716:Local Sheet
1710:Local Group
1265:12 November
1239:12 November
1171:See p. 155.
1159:: 154–181.
902:Uranometria
876:Uranometria
450:metallicity
395:metallicity
346:light-years
272:Uranometria
156:petroglyphs
100:Local Group
2293:Categories
2142:Ursa Minor
1997:Boötes III
1735:Local Hole
1543:2020-01-09
1300:Retrieved
1034:, the two
1032:Via Lactea
1028:Via Lactea
966:pour 1752.
865:dimmed..."
645:2022-06-14
603:1901.05636
542:References
401:and young
234:call them
216:Argo Navis
196:call them
184:And below
177:culture):
110:galaxies.
69:) are two
2152:Willman 1
2087:Pisces II
1992:Boötes II
1982:Antlia II
1935:Satellite
1905:Palomar 5
1776:Structure
1696:Milky Way
1684:Milky Way
1607:arxiv.org
1436:(6): 118.
1411:29 August
1302:29 August
1260:Space.com
1100:no. 173.
1036:Nubeculae
833:astrolabe
781:E.C. Otte
622:0035-8711
498:Gaia EDR3
425:Milky Way
414:supernova
409:history.
338:Milky Way
171:Al-Anwā̵’
124:(50
89:Milky Way
71:irregular
2220:Category
2112:Sculptor
2047:Hercules
2027:Crater 2
1987:Boötes I
1937:galaxies
1749:Universe
1691:Location
1487:Archived
1357:15728812
969:Archived
933:See the
907:Archived
677:New York
665:(1963).
515:See also
418:SN 1987A
374:. Their
359:NGC 3109
353:across.
285:Lacaille
236:al-Baqar
198:al-a‘bār
164:polymath
94:, these
85:Orbiting
77:galaxies
2233:Portals
2165:Related
2147:Virgo I
2117:Sextans
2107:Segue 2
2102:Segue 1
2077:Phoenix
1842:Perseus
1615:Sources
1567:Bibcode
1565:: 664.
1337:Bibcode
1293:Bibcode
1119:Bibcode
1062:Bibcode
935:plate (
844:p. 118.
828:p. 279.
774:p. 217.
730:22 July
685:294–295
673:Reprint
567:3 April
399:nebulae
376:gravity
240:Ptolemy
220:Canopus
206:Al Sufi
186:Canopus
150:History
79:in the
2062:Leo IV
2057:Leo II
2042:Fornax
2017:Carina
1974:Dwarfs
1907:stream
1744:
1737:
1730:
1705:
1698:
1394:, 2010
1377:, 2010
1355:
1189:
862:p. 66.
751:22 Feb
620:
484:(SMC).
469:(LMC).
442:using
387:helium
251:Europe
238:, and
232:Tihama
204:Later
194:Tihama
128:) away
92:galaxy
2247:Stars
2072:Leo T
2067:Leo V
2052:Leo I
2032:Draco
1353:S2CID
1327:arXiv
709:4 Sep
598:arXiv
391:stars
367:tidal
160:Chile
74:dwarf
1867:Halo
1819:Disk
1413:2010
1304:2010
1267:2023
1241:2023
1187:ISBN
753:2017
732:2011
711:2017
618:ISSN
569:2013
465:The
445:Gaia
328:The
291:and
279:and
257:and
228:Najd
226:nor
224:Iraq
190:Iraq
87:the
57:The
1575:doi
1563:301
1434:220
1345:doi
1323:652
1161:doi
1127:doi
1115:192
1058:196
1016:doi
608:doi
594:488
561:ESO
249:In
126:kpc
122:kly
65:or
2295::
1573:.
1561:.
1536:.
1518:.
1450:.
1432:.
1390:,
1373:,
1351:.
1343:.
1335:.
1321:.
1287:.
1283:.
1258:.
1232:.
1226:.
1157:48
1155:.
1151:.
1125:.
1096:.
1012:27
1010:.
1006:.
962:,
679::
654:^
638:.
616:.
606:.
592:.
586:.
558:.
382:.
146:.
83:.
2235::
1755:→
1746:→
1739:→
1732:→
1725:→
1719:→
1713:→
1707:→
1700:→
1676:e
1669:t
1662:v
1581:.
1577::
1569::
1546:.
1415:.
1359:.
1347::
1339::
1329::
1306:.
1295::
1269:.
1243:.
1195:.
1169:.
1163::
1133:.
1129::
1121::
1081:p
1077:p
1073:p
1068:.
1064::
1024:.
1018::
755:.
734:.
713:.
687:.
671:(
648:.
624:.
610::
600::
571:.
416:(
342:°
200:.
61:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
