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possessed many of Llull's books. Nicholas of Cusa appropriated diagrammatic aspects of Llull's thought for his own mystical theology. Whereas Llull's use of figures and combinatorics had been literal and systematic, Nicholas of Cusa deployed geometrical figures as metaphors for seeing and not seeing,
239:
who had spearheaded a reform in Spain had also mobilized an effort to edit many of Llull's works. He also was responsible for sending a group of
Franciscan missionaries on Columbus's second expedition to the Americas. Some years later the missionary Diego de Valadés wrote one of the manuals most
217:
A corpus of alchemical works became associated with his name after Llull’s death, probably not earlier than the 1370's. In many cases, these Pseudo-Lullian works are characterized by the use of alphabets or figures resembling Lull’s combinatory diagrams. The earliest of these works, known as the
26:
396:
Brient, E. (2006). “How Can the
Infinite be the Measure of the Finite? Three Mathematical Metaphors from De docta ignorantia,” in Cusanus: The Legacy of Learned Ignorance, P.J. Casarella (ed.), Washington, D.C.:Catholic University of America Press, pp.
234:
to prove the truth of the
Christian faith to all the people of the world starting from general principles. In this vein, many early Spanish missionaries to the New World were Lullists or familiar with Llull's thought. The Cardinal
304: by Agrippa and Bruno, reprinted in 1609 and 1617. This anthology is thought to have been highly influential in promoting the development of Lullism toward encyclopedic and pansophical schemes of the seventeenth century.
244:
In this work he explains how a preacher might ascend and descend through levels of causation based on a
Lullian system of divine principles and subjects of being. He also included many images, both trees and other figures.
450:
Rhetorica
Christiana ad concionandi, et orandi usum accommodata, utriusque facultatis exemplis suo loco insertis, qua quidem, ex Indorum maxime deprompta sunt historiis unde praeter doctrinam, summa quoque delectatio
175:
at the
University of Paris at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Lefèvre also published eight of Llull's works and was active in circulating them internationally. He seems to have been interested in the Lullian
151:
had forbidden Llull's works to be taught in the Arts
Faculty in Paris at the end of the fourteenth century, the study of Llull increased in the fifteenth century. There was a Lullian school in
265:
In the sixteenth century, Llull's works appeared increasingly in print. Lefèvre in France and
Cardinal Cisneros in Spain embarked on projects to publish Llull's works.
184:
who had come to Paris briefly in 1515 and continued to be active in Lyon and
Cologne. Like Llull's early Parisian proponents, Lavinheta sought to show that the Lullian
53:(ca. 1232-1315). Lullism also refers to the project of editing and disseminating Llull's works. The earliest centers of Lullism were in fourteenth-century
378:
Ramis BarcelĂł, Rafael (2019). "Academic
Lullism from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Century," in A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism. Leiden: Brill.
501:
Ong, Walter J. (1958). Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue. From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
116:
285:, on the other hand, marked a revival of its metaphysical dimension. Agrippa emphasizes that the structure of the method, or discourse, of the
180:, especially as a method of contemplation and sent copies of Llull's books to religious houses. Another Lullist very active in publishing was
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after Ramon Llull visited Paris in the 1280s and his books became available to the academic world. Some scholastic theologians saw in Llull's
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was not sufficient for acquiring knowledge of God (or proving the truths of the faith). Collections of manuscripts of Llull's works at the
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because its combinatorial, visual, and algebraic aspects allowed for new modes of theological language and imagery. Like his teacher
297:, in his search for a philosophical discourse which reflected the physical, intellectual, and metaphysical order of the universe.
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In 1598 the Strasbourg printer Lazarus Zetzner published an anthology of Llull’s works with commentaries on the
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wrote commentaries critically comparing the logics of Aristotle, Ramus, and Llull. It was in this milieu that
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is the introduction to all faculties: physics, mathematics, metaphysics, theology, ethics, medicine, and law.
172:
147:
Monastery at Vauvert laid the foundation for the study of Llull both in France and further afield. Although
278:
320:
253:
453:(Eds.) Esteban J. Palomera, Alfonso Castro Pallares, and Tarcisio Herrera Zapién (Mexico: 1989).
592:
RubĂ, L. B. (2018). "Lullism among French and Spanish Humanists of the Early 16th Century." In
557:
Ramis BarcelĂł, R. (2018). "Academic Lullism from the Fourteenth to the Eighteenth Century." In
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616:
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266:
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8:
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knowing and not knowing, oneness and otherness, etc., with respect to understanding God.
140:
128:
69:
519:
Knobloch, Eberhard (1974). "The mathematical studies of G.W. Leibniz on combinatorics."
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reflects the structure of the physical world. This commentary seems to have influenced
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The seventeenth century, however, brought other approaches to systematic knowledge by
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49:) is a term for the philosophical and theological currents related to the thought of
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could provide a universal science to replace the traditional university curriculum.
205:
92:
42:
489:
Topica Universalis: Eine Modellgeschichte humanistischer und barocker Wissenschaft
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Colomer, Eusebio (1961). Nikolaus von Kues und Raimund Llull. Berlin: De Gruyter.
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with the idea that all concepts can be generated through a combinatorial system.
293:, who commented on the Lullian Art as early as 1582 in the work
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610:
476:. Pisa: Instituti Editoriali e Poigrafici Internazionale. 2004. p. 61.
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Llull's early followers in France, for instance, were theologians at the
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88:
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and have usually involved diagrammatic imagery. Notable Lullists were
152:
80:
435:
Beuchot, Mauricio (1992). “Retórica y lulismo en Diego de Valadés,”
222:, presents such devices as means of memorizing the alchemical opus.
204:
who had studied Llull's works in Paris before teaching at Cologne,
135:
a new scientific and demonstrative method for theology, given that
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also published his own Lullist-encyclopaedist works, notably the
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84:
587:
Logic and the Art of Memory. The Quest for a Universal Language
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probably became familiar with Llull. In 1666 Leibniz wrote the
160:
54:
20:
164:
62:
471:
Stephen Clucas, “Reformed Lullism in Bruno’s Later Works”,
248:
271:
Explanatio compendiosaque applicatio artis Raymundi Lulli
582:, «Revista de FilosofĂa» 2, pp. 255– 313; 479–537.
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De compendiosa architectura et complemento Artis Lullii
16:
Esoteric philosophy originally developed by Ramon Llull
545:
Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-Century France
348:
Ramon Lull and Lullism in Fourteenth-century France
167:. Lullism only officially came back to Paris with
486:
79:Later forms of Lullism have been associated with
608:
552:The Alchemical Corpus attributed to Raymond Lull
409:The Alchemical Corpus Attributed to Raymond Lull
564:RubĂ, L. B. (2018). "Lullism in New Spain." In
422:RubĂ, L. B. (2018). "Lullism in New Spain". In
225:
603:, vol. I, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
196:Other thinkers were attracted to the Lullian
599:Yates, Frances (1982). "Lull and Bruno" in
188:laid the foundation for a general science.
491:. Hamburg: Felix Meiner. pp. 157–160.
589:. Trans. S. Clucas, Chicago (Milan 1960).
345:
580:El lulismo en Italia. Ensayo de sĂntesis
252:
25:
559:A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism.
424:A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism.
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249:Humanist encyclopaedism and rationalism
609:
594:A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism
566:A Companion to Ramon Llull and Lullism
155:that produced academics who taught in
191:
538:Nikolaus von Kues und Raimund Llull
122:
13:
601:Collected Essays: Lull & Bruno
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14:
633:
127:Lullism in France started at the
554:. London: The Warburg Institute.
230:Llull originally formulated his
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487:Schmidt-Biggemann, W. (1983).
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281:’s commentary on the Lullian
237:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
101:Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros
474:Giordano Bruno in Wittenberg
411:. London: Warburg Institute.
226:Evangelism and the New World
7:
240:influenced by Lullism, the
173:Collège du Cardinal Lemoine
10:
638:
550:Pereira, Michela (1989).
547:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
350:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
315:. Encyclopaedists such as
279:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
212:
72:who believed that Llull's
18:
578:Batllori, Miguel (1943).
536:Colomer, Eusebio (1961).
407:Pereira, Michela (1989).
321:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
169:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
97:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
543:Hillgarth, J.N. (1971).
346:Hillgarth, J.N. (1971).
19:Not to be confused with
523:Vol.1 (4), pp. 409-430.
448:Fray Diego de Valadés,
273:which explains how the
622:Renaissance philosophy
426:Leiden: Brill, p. 516.
317:Johann Heinrich Alsted
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113:Johann Heinrich Alsted
87:, encyclopaedism, and
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35:
585:Rossi, Paolo (2000).
540:. Berlin: De Gruyter.
521:Historia Mathematica,
510:Hillgarth, 1971, 297.
462:Hillgarth, 1971, 292.
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242:Rhetorica Christiana.
119:, and Ivo Salzinger.
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369:Hillgarth,1971, 286.
326:De arte combinatoria
267:Bernard de Lavinheta
259:De arte combinatoria
182:Bernard de Lavinheta
32:Rhetorica christiana
129:University of Paris
70:University of Paris
263:
171:who taught at the
137:Aristotelian logic
36:
30:An image from the
202:Heymeric de Campo
192:Mystical theology
105:Gottfried Leibniz
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596:. Leiden: Brill.
568:. Leiden: Brill.
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360:Hillgarth, 1971.
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257:Frontispiece of
206:Nicholas of Cusa
123:Academic Lullism
93:Nicholas of Cusa
34:by Diego Valadés
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573:Further reading
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117:JoĹľef Mislej
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617:Hermeticism
531:Works cited
220:Testamentum
149:Jean Gerson
51:Ramon Llull
611:Categories
333:References
145:Carthusian
89:evangelism
313:Descartes
153:Barcelona
81:mysticism
47:lul·lisme
397:210–225.
143:and the
141:Sorbonne
59:Mallorca
413:pp.3-7.
213:Alchemy
157:Bologna
85:alchemy
43:Catalan
39:Lullism
163:, and
161:Venice
61:, and
55:France
21:Lulism
165:Padua
63:Italy
311:and
302:Art
287:Art
283:Art
275:Art
232:Art
198:Art
186:Art
178:Art
133:Art
74:Art
613::
159:,
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41:(
23:.
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