629:
1542:
1127:
1749:
1657:
747:
1082:
1730:, together with the seal of the Order, was given to this united grouping. This grouping, since it adhered more closely to the rule of the founder, was allowed to claim a certain superiority over the Conventuals. The Observant general (elected now for six years, not for life) inherited the title of "Minister-General of the Whole Order of St. Francis" and was granted the right to confirm the choice of a head for the Conventuals, who was known as "Master-General of the Friars Minor Conventual"—although this privilege never became practically operative.
2199:, prior to 1978 also known as the Third Order Secular of Saint Francis, is an order founded by Francis in 1212 for brothers and sisters who do not live in a religious community. Members of the order continue to live secular lives, however they do gather regularly for fraternal activities. In the United States alone there are 17,000 professed members of the order. Members of the Order live according to a Rule composed by St Francis in 1221. The Rule was slightly modified through the centuries and was replaced at the turn of the 20th century by
1489:'without property' does not require that those living thus should have nothing in common." In 1328, Michael of Cesena was summoned to Avignon to explain the Order's intransigence in refusing the pope's orders and its complicity with Louis of Bavaria. Michael was imprisoned in Avignon, together with Francesco d'Ascoli, Bonagratia, and William of Ockham. In January of that year Louis of Bavaria entered Rome and had himself crowned emperor. Three months later he declared John XXII deposed and installed the Spiritual Franciscan
6798:
1297:, in his place. The Benedictine section of the Celestines was separated from the Franciscan section, and the latter was formally suppressed by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302. The leader of the Observantists, Olivi, who spent his last years in the Franciscan house at Tarnius and died there in 1298, had pronounced against the extremer "Spiritual" attitude, and given an exposition of the theory of poverty which was approved by the more moderate Observantists, and for a long time constituted their principle.
388:
1595:
2783:
1389:, which granted the friars the mere use of it. The bull declared that renunciation of ownership of all things "both individually but also in common, for God's sake, is meritorious and holy; Christ, also, showing the way of perfection, taught it by word and confirmed it by example, and the first founders of the church militant, as they had drawn it from the fountainhead itself, distributed it through the channels of their teaching and life to those wishing to live perfectly."
1860:
2330:, are an active community, based in the United States, with houses in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, and Brazil. These Franciscans strive to live an integrated life through prayer, community, and ministry to the poor, neglected and disadvantaged youth, the powerless, people in need, and the elderly. The Brothers of the Poor live by their vows of poverty (living a simple lifestyle), consecrated chastity (loving all, possessing no one, striving sincerely, for
1927:
9622:
6039:
824:, were the two vicars-general to whom Francis had entrusted the direction of the order during his absence. They carried through at a chapter which they held certain stricter regulations in regard to fasting and the reception of alms, which departed from the spirit of the original rule. It did not take Francis long, on his return, to suppress this insubordinate tendency but he was less successful in regard to another of an opposite nature which soon came up.
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2368:, is a private confraternity of the Catholic Church whose members strive to model their lives according to the Rule and Statutes of the Primitive Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, which was written for lay people in 1221 by Francis of Assisi. Right now there are several hundred members within the United States and a few hundred more throughout the world. The order was originally started in 1996 by members of the Archdiocese of St. Paul in Minnesota.
59:
2040:
2735:
2334:, a celibate way of loving and being loved), and obedience (to God, to the community, to the church, and to self). The Brothers of the Poor also serve persons with AIDS and people who ask for help, regardless of their religion or their social/economic background. They are teachers, childcare workers, social workers, counselors, pastoral ministers, retreat ministers, religious educators, and school administrators, along with other tasks.
9611:
7539:
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434:(Friars Minor, literally 'Order of Lesser Brothers') stems from Francis of Assisi's rejection of luxury and wealth. Francis was the son of a rich cloth merchant, but gave up his wealth to pursue his faith more fully. He had cut all ties that remained with his family, and pursued a life living in solidarity with his fellow brothers in Christ. In other words, he abandoned his life among the wealthy and aristocratic classes (or
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225:
2220:
2020:, Matteo da Bascio), an Observant friar, who felt himself called to an even stricter observance of Franciscan austerity. With the support of the Papal Court, the new branch received early recognition and grew fast, first in Italy and after 1574 all over Europe and throughout the world. The Capuchins eventually became a separate order in 1619. The name Capuchins refers to the particular shape of the long hood or
2589:. The Rule of Saint Francis calls for members to practice simple living and detachment from material possessions in emulation of Jesus' life and earthly ministry. The simple lifestyle helps members of the order, in whichever branch, to experience solidarity with the poor and to work for social justice. Franciscan spirituality also strongly emphasizes working to preserve the church, and remain loyal to it.
411:
2354:
2157:
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674:, always cheerful and full of songs, yet making a deep impression on their hearers by their earnest exhortations. Their life was extremely ascetic, though such practices were apparently not prescribed by the first rule which Francis gave them (probably as early as 1209) which seems to have been nothing more than a collection of Scriptural passages emphasizing the duty of poverty.
2262:, and they strive to "rebuild the Church" in areas of high school and college education, parish ministry, church renewal, social justice, campus ministry, hospital chaplaincies, foreign missions, and other ministries in places where the church is needed. The association of Franciscans (Grey Friars) with education becomes a stock fictional reference in (for example) the works of
1634:, died December 11, 1515), it gained great prominence during the 15th century. By the end of the Middle Ages, the Observantists, with 1,400 houses, comprised nearly half of the entire Order. Their influence brought about attempts at reform even among the Conventuals, including the quasi-Observantist brothers living under the rule of the Conventual ministers (Martinianists or
1644:); the Neutri, a group of reformers originating about 1463 in Italy, who tried to take a middle ground between the Conventuals and Observantists, but refused to obey the heads of either, until they were compelled by the pope to affiliate with the regular Observantists, or with those of the Common Life; the Caperolani, a congregation founded about 1470 in North Italy by
1432:, he removed the ban on discussion of Nicholas III's bull and commissioned experts to examine the idea of poverty based on belief that Christ and the apostles owned nothing. The experts disagreed among themselves, but the majority condemned the idea on the grounds that it would condemn the church's right to have possessions. The Franciscan chapter held in
1023:. For this Elias had him scourged, and this outrage on St Francis's dearest disciple consolidated the opposition to Elias. Leo was the leader in the early stages of the struggle in the order for the maintenance of St Francis's ideas on strict poverty. At the chapter held in May 1227, Elias was rejected in spite of his prominence, and
1152:, the influence of the Order was notably increased, especially by the provisions of the latter pope in regard to the academic activity of the brothers. He not only sanctioned the theological institutes in Franciscan houses, but did all he could to support the friars in the Mendicant Controversy, when the secular Masters of the
1983:) consists of 290 houses worldwide with a total of almost 5000 friars. They have experienced growth in this century throughout the world. They are located in Italy, the United States, Canada, Australia, and throughout Latin America, and Africa. They are the largest in number in Poland because of the work and inspiration of
1648:, but dissolved again on the death of its founder in 1481; the Amadeists, founded by the noble Portuguese Amadeo, who entered the Franciscan order at Assisi in 1452, gathered around him a number of adherents to his fairly strict principles (numbering finally twenty-six houses), and died in the odor of sanctity in 1482.
1347:, ventured to dispute the pope's right so to deal with the provisions of his predecessor. Sixty-four of them were summoned to Avignon and the most obstinate delivered over to the Inquisition, four of them being burned (1318). Shortly before this all the separate houses of the Observantists had been suppressed.
2848:, who, though they were not friars, were spiritual sons of Francis in the wider sense; it is also seen in the plastic masterpieces of the latter, as well as the architectural conceptions of both himself and his school. The Italian Gothic style, whose earliest important monument is the great convent church at
1449:
of 8 December 1322, John XXII, declaring it ridiculous to pretend that every scrap of food given to the friars and eaten by them belonged to the pope, refused to accept ownership over the goods of the
Franciscans in the future and granted them exemption from the rule that absolutely forbade ownership
325:
The extreme poverty required of members was relaxed in the final revision of the Rule in 1223. The degree of observance required of members remained a major source of conflict within the order, resulting in numerous secessions. The Order of Friars Minor, previously known as the "Observant" branch, is
1093:
Elias governed the Order from the center, imposing his authority on the provinces (as had
Francis). A reaction to this centralized government was led from the provinces of England and Germany. At the general chapter of 1239, held in Rome under the personal presidency of Gregory IX, Elias was deposed
726:
as protector of the Order by the pope. Francis resigned the day-to-day running of the Order into the hands of others but retained the power to shape the Order's legislation, writing a Rule in 1221 which he revised and had approved in 1223. After about 1221, the day-to-day running of the Order was in
1039:
was teaching) continued to develop. Contributions toward the promotion of the Order's work, and especially the building of the
Basilica in Assisi, came in abundantly. Funds could only be accepted on behalf of the friars for determined, imminent, real necessities that could not be provided for from
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originated a movement for the increase of the worldly consideration of the Order and the adaptation of its system to the plans of the hierarchy which conflicted with the original notions of the founder and helped to bring about the successive changes in the rule already described. Francis was not
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In addition, there are associations of
Franciscan inspiration not connected with a mainstream Christian tradition and describing themselves as ecumenical or dispersed. The Companions of Francis Apostolic Religious Institute (CFARI), with its roots in independent Catholicism and Anglicanism, is a
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and finally
Innocent himself, was their utter loyalty to the Catholic Church and the clergy. Innocent III was not only the pope reigning during the life of Francis of Assisi, but he was also responsible for helping to construct the church Francis was being called to rebuild. Innocent III and the
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on 10 November 1324 in which he declared that it cannot be inferred from the words of the 1279 bull that Christ and the apostles had nothing, adding: "Indeed, it can be inferred rather that the Gospel life lived by Christ and the
Apostles did not exclude some possessions in common, since living
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in 1334. The congregation was suppressed by the
Franciscan general chapter in 1354; reestablished in 1368 by Paolo de' Trinci of Foligno; confirmed by Gregory XI in 1373, and spread rapidly from Central Italy to France, Spain, Hungary, and elsewhere. Most of the Observantist houses joined this
1436:
in May 1322 declared on the contrary: "To say or assert that Christ, in showing the way of perfection, and the
Apostles, in following that way and setting an example to others who wished to lead the perfect life, possessed nothing either severally or in common, either by right of ownership and
1272:
regarded its provisions for the dependence of the friars upon the pope and the division between brothers occupied in manual labor and those employed on spiritual missions as a corruption of the fundamental principles of the Order. They were not won over by the conciliatory attitude of the next
1030:
In 1232 Elias succeeded him, and under him the Order significantly developed its ministries and presence in the towns. Many new houses were founded, especially in Italy, and in many of them special attention was paid to education. The somewhat earlier settlements of
Franciscan teachers at the
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started in 1970, and became an institute with
Pontifical Right in 1998. In that same year, the Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate also became an institute with Pontifical Right. There are also Third Order Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate, an offshoot of the Franciscan Tertiaries of the
1585:
As a separate congregation, this originated through the union of a number of houses which followed Olivi after 1308. It was limited to southwestern France and, its members being accused of the heresy of the Beghards, was suppressed by the Inquisition during the controversies under John XXII.
490:
The modern organization of the Friars Minor comprises three separate families or groups, each considered a religious order in its own right under its own minister General and particular type of governance. They all live according to a body of regulations known as the Rule of Saint Francis.
1054:
of Gregory IX declared that the Testament of St. Francis was not legally binding and offered an interpretation of poverty that would allow the Order to continue to develop. Gregory IX authorized agents of the Order to have custody of such funds where they could not be spent
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717:
Francis had to suffer from the dissensions just alluded to and the transformation they effected in the original constitution of the brotherhood making it a regular order under strict supervision from Rome. Exasperated by the demands of running a growing and fractious Order, Francis asked
697:
Fourth Lateran Council helped maintain the church in Europe. Innocent probably saw in them a possible answer to his desire for an orthodox preaching force to counter heresy. Many legends have clustered around the decisive audience of Francis with the pope. The realistic account in
1638:), such as the male Colletans, later led by Boniface de Ceva in his reform attempts principally in France and Germany; the reformed congregation founded in 1426 by the Spaniard Philip de Berbegal and distinguished by the special importance they attached to the little hood (
1190:. To protect the Order from its enemies, John was forced to step down and recommended Bonaventure as his successor. Bonaventure saw the need to unify the Order around a common ideology and both wrote a new life of the founder and collected the Order's legislation into the
1775:, as Inquisitors. The Franciscans had been involved in anti-heretical activities from the beginning simply by preaching and acting as living examples of the Gospel life. As official Inquisitors, they were authorized to use torture to extract confessions, as approved by
1208:
was approved as the only biography of Francis and all previous biographies were ordered to be destroyed. Bonaventure ruled (1257–74) in a moderate spirit, which is represented also by various works produced by the order in his time – especially by the
1019:, a strong polemic against the laxer party. Having protested against the collection of money for the erection of the basilica of San Francesco, it was Leo who broke in pieces the marble box which Elias had set up for offertories for the completion of the basilica at
2293:
After the formal recognition of the members of religious tertiary communities, the following centuries saw a steady growth of such communities across Europe. Initially, the women's communities took a monastic form of life, either voluntarily or under pressure from
1260:(1279), which pronounced the principle of complete poverty to be meritorious and holy, but interpreted it in the way of a somewhat sophistical distinction between possession and usufruct. The bull was received respectfully by Bonagratia and the next two generals,
2455:) and serves all Franciscans and the global community by bringing grassroots Franciscans to the United Nations forums in New York City and Geneva. It brings the spiritual and ethical values of the Franciscans to the United Nations and international organisations.
1114:
supported them in this. In a bull of November 14, 1245, this pope even sanctioned an extension of the system of financial agents, and allowed the funds to be used not simply for those things that were necessary for the friars but also for those that were useful.
1006:. In order to build the basilica, Elias proceeded to collect money in various ways to meet the expenses of the building. Elias thus also alienated the zealots in the order, who felt this was not in keeping with the founder's views upon the question of poverty.
1961:(Alcantarines), Recollects, and Riformati into one order under general constitutions. While the Capuchins and Conventuals wanted the reunited Observants to be referred to as The Order of Friars Minor of the Leonine Union, they were instead called simply the
701:, according to which the pope originally sent the shabby saint off to keep swine, and only recognized his real worth by his ready obedience, has, in spite of its improbability, a certain historical interest, since it shows the natural antipathy of the older
1456:
which declared "erroneous and heretical" the doctrine that Christ and his apostles had no possessions whatever. John XXII's actions thus demolished the fictitious structure that gave the appearance of absolute poverty to the life of the Franciscan friars.
1707:, had once more declared the impossibility of reunion. The less strict principles of the Conventuals, permitting the possession of real estate and the enjoyment of fixed revenues, were recognized as tolerable, while the Observants, in contrast to this
1252:(1274–75) to force the mendicant orders to tolerate the possession of property, threatened both pope and council with the renunciation of allegiance. Attempts were made, however, to satisfy the reasonable demands of the Spiritual party, as in the bull
1118:
The Observantist party took a strong stand in opposition to this ruling and agitated so successfully against the lax General that in 1247, at a chapter held in Lyon, France—where Innocent IV was then residing—he was replaced by the strict Observantist
1965:. Despite the tensions caused by this forced union the Order grew from 1897 to reach a peak of 26,000 members in the 1960s before declining after the 1970s. The Order is headed by a Minister General, who since July 2021 is Father Massimo Fusarelli.
2839:
In the field of Christian art during the later Middle Ages, the Franciscan movement exercised considerable influence, especially in Italy. The influence of Franciscan ideals shows in several great painters of the 13th and 14th centuries, especially
2026:; originally a popular nickname, it has become a part of the official name of the order. The order now exists in 106 countries all over the world, with around 10,500 brothers living in more than 1700 communities known as fraternities or friaries.
3943:
2544:
dispersed, egalitarian and ecumenical order of Franciscans based in Pasadena, California, with vowed members in California, Arizona and New Mexico. CFARI members live among the populations they serve and are self supporting in their ministry.
540:
in English-speaking countries, consists of only one branch of religious sisters. The order is called the Order of St. Clare (OSC), but prior to 1263 they were called "The Poor Ladies", "The Poor Enclosed Nuns", and "The Order of San Damiano".
4043:
1879:
The work of the Franciscans in New Spain began in 1523, when three Flemish friars—Juan de Ayora, Pedro de Tecto, and Pedro de Gante—reached the central highlands. Their impact as missionaries was limited at first, since two of them died on
1676:
drew up statutes which were to serve as a basis for reunion, and they were actually accepted by a general chapter at Assisi in 1430; but the majority of the Conventual houses refused to agree to them, and they remained without effect. At
1072:
won several notable victories in spite of the favor shown to their opponents by the papal administration, until finally the reconciliation of the two points of view was seen to be impossible and the order was actually split into halves.
2103:(the first order), and before the Third Order of Saint Francis. As of 2011 there were over 20,000 Poor Clare nuns in over 75 countries throughout the world. They follow several different observances and are organized into federations.
1396:
banned disputing about its contents, the decades that followed saw increasingly bitter disputes about the form of poverty to be observed by Franciscans, with the Spirituals (so called because associated with the Age of the Spirit that
1419:
was determined to suppress what he considered to be the excesses of the Spirituals, who contended eagerly for the view that Christ and his apostles had possessed absolutely nothing, either separately or jointly, and who were citing
3916:
5680:
Luke Wadding Papers: correspondence relating to Fr Luke Wadding OFM and the Irish Friars Minor at St. Isidore's College, Rome, on ecclesiastical and political matters; and concerning his interests as historian of the Franciscan
1148:, was now forced to give up all hope of recovering his power in the Order. He died in 1253, after succeeding by recantation in obtaining the removal of his censures. Under John of Parma, who enjoyed the favor of Innocent IV and
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2257:
into a single Order with its own Minister General. Today it is an international community of friars who desire to emphasize the works of mercy and on-going conversion. The community is also known as the Franciscan Friars,
2318:
This movement continued in North America as various congregations arose from one coast to another, in answer to the needs of the large emigrant communities that were flooding the cities of the United States and Canada.
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was General Minister. The Franciscans were involved in the torture and trials of Jews, Muslims, and other heretics throughout the Middle Ages and wrote their own manuals to guide Inquisitors, such as the 14th century
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declared his intention to build a splendid church to house the body of Francis and the task fell to Elias, who at once began to lay plans for the erection of a great basilica at Assisi, to enshrine the remains of the
6746:
2345:. Today this group is present in 17 countries: Italy, Croatia, Spain, France, Germany, Austria, US, India, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, Peru, Sweden, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.
815:
The controversy about how to follow the Gospel life of poverty, which extends through the first three centuries of Franciscan history, began in the lifetime of the founder. The ascetic brothers Matthew of
829:
alone in opposition to this lax and secularizing tendency. On the contrary, the party which clung to his original views and after his death took his "Testament" for their guide, known as Observantists or
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3947:
996:
Elias was a lay friar, and encouraged other laymen to enter the order. This brought opposition from many ordained friars and ministers provincial, who also opposed increased centralization of the Order.
4047:
731:, an able friar who was elected as leader of the friars a few years after Francis's death (1232) but who aroused much opposition because of his autocratic leadership style. He planned and built the
5552:
Schmucki, Oktavian (2000). "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam". In Cipollone, Giulio (ed.).
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on 28 May reelected Michael of Cesena, who two days before had escaped with his companions from Avignon. But in August Louis the Bavarian and his pope had to flee Rome before an attack by
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in the 14th century, provided the initial spark for Gabriele Allegra's 40 year undertaking, when at the age of 21 he happened to attend the 6th centenary celebration for Monte Corvino.
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during the 19th century was the re-establishment of religious orders, including some of Franciscan inspiration. The principal Anglican communities in the Franciscan tradition are the
1996:
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Projects for a union between the two main branches of the Order were put forth not only by the Council of Constance but by several popes, without any positive result. By direction of
1618:(1415). It was allowed to have a special vicar-general of its own and legislate for its members without reference to the conventual part of the Order. Through the work of such men as
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310:
approved by the Pope did not allow ownership of property, requiring members of the order to beg for food while preaching. The austerity was meant to emulate the life and ministry of
1610:
congregation by degrees, so that it became known simply as the "brothers of the regular Observance." It acquired the favor of the popes by its energetic opposition to the heretical
7426:
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with the Catholic Church, but involves several unique emphases. Franciscan theologians view creation, the natural world, as good and joyous, and avoid dwelling on the "stain of
1695:, who bestowed a vast number of privileges on both of the original mendicant orders, but by this very fact lost the favor of the Observants and failed in his plans for reunion.
2302:. As Europe entered the upheavals of the modern age, new communities arose which were able to focus more exclusively on social service, especially during the immediate post-
662:, who contributed all that he had to the work, and by other companions, who are said to have reached the number of eleven within a year. The brothers lived in the deserted
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in the 20th century, who confirmed the existence of the wounds, but none of whom could produce a medical explanation for the fact that his bleeding wounds would never get
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2242:(+1309) was foremost among those who achieved great depths in their lives of prayer and service of the poor, while living in community with other women of the Order.
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viewed as a special act of humility, as Francis was struck by God's great charity in sacrificing his son for our salvation; they also exhibit great devotion to the
1799:, were also subject to interrogation and prosecution by the Inquisition at various stages in the 13th and 14th centuries. Notable cases from the Spirituals include
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567:, OFS, originally known as the Brothers and Sisters of Penance or Third Order of Penance, try to live the ideals of the movement in their daily lives outside of
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2451:, uniting the voices of Franciscan brothers and sisters from around the world. It operates under the sponsorship of the Conference of the Franciscan Family (
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Out of all these dissensions in the 14th century sprang a number of separate congregations, or almost sects, to say nothing of the heretical parties of the
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1901:
1285:) was scarcely more successful. Only a part of the Spirituals joined the new order, and the secession scarcely lasted beyond the reign of the hermit-pope.
1164:'s envoys, who were obliged to threaten the university authorities with excommunication, that the degree of doctor of theology was finally conceded to the
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made such an impression on him that he decided to devote himself wholly to a life of apostolic poverty. Clad in a rough garment, barefoot, and, after the
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open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as
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1098:, the former provincial of England, a moderate Observantist. This chapter introduced General Statutes to govern the Order and devolved power from the
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life. After founding the Friars Minor and seeing a need, Francis created a way of life to which married men and women, as well as the single and the
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succeeded in reducing some of the smaller branches, but left the division of the two great parties untouched. This division was finally legalized by
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The Friars Minor in China (1294–1955): Especially the Years 1925–55, Based on the Research of Friars Bernward Willeke and Domenico Gandolfi, OFM
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some medical authorities who examined Padre Pio's wounds were inclined to believe that the stigmata were connected with nervous or cataleptic
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4725:. Biblioteca humanística e teológica (in Portuguese). Vol. 11. Porto: Universidade Católica Portugesa, Fundação Eng António de Almeida.
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338:" (1520). The Order of Friars Minor, in its current form, is the result of an amalgamation of several smaller orders completed in 1897 by
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2625:, a Capuchin, who also reported visions of Jesus and Mary. Pio's stigmata persisted for over fifty years and he was examined by numerous
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2565:." Francis expressed great affection towards animals and inanimate natural objects as fellow inhabitants of God's creation, in his work
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begging. When in 1230, the General Chapter could not agree on a common interpretation of the 1223 Rule it sent a delegation including
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In the external successes of the brothers, as they were reported at the yearly general chapters, there was much to encourage Francis.
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Francis of Assisi, founder of the Order of Friars Minor; oldest known portrait in existence of Francis, dating back to his retreat to
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3751:"Origins of papal infallibility, 1150–1350: a study on the concepts of infallibility, sovereignty and tradition in the Middle Ages"
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1533:. In 1330, Antipope Nicholas V submitted, followed later by the ex-general Michael, and finally, just before his death, by Ockham.
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led a small group of friars to England. The branch of the Order arriving in England became known as the "greyfriars". Beginning at
284:
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1807:. Notable examples of Observants include the four burned during the suppression of the Observant houses in 1318 mentioned above.
1426:
in support of their view. In 1317, John XXII formally condemned the group of them known as the Fraticelli. On 26 March 1322, with
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for his order, and had others who wished to join him do the same. Those who joined him became the original Order of Friars Minor.
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Some 300,000 Jews, up to a quarter of the Spanish population, had to convert to Catholicism or flee Spain, or were killed in the
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The Franciscan order boasts a number of distinguished members. From its first century can be cited the three great scholastics
1691:, 1446) aimed at the same result, but again nothing was accomplished. Equally unsuccessful were the attempts of the Franciscan
807:, the intellectual capital. From these three bases the Franciscans swiftly expanded to embrace the principal towns of England.
479:. Francis thus referred to his followers as "Fraticelli", meaning "Little Brothers". Franciscan brothers are informally called
1110:(1244–47), consolidated this greater democracy in the Order but also led the Order towards a greater clericalization. The new
9442:
9390:
8022:
7056:
6885:
6200:
5749:
5499:
5435:
5406:
5376:
5348:
5320:
5299:
5273:
5245:
5217:
5152:
5125:
5098:
5071:
5004:
4976:
4948:
4920:
4892:
4864:
4836:
4808:
4780:
4345:
4023:
3972:
3737:
2849:
2338:
2234:
Within a century of the death of Francis, members of the Third Order began to live in common, in an attempt to follow a more
2055:
1476:
sided with the Spirituals and accused the pope of heresy. In reply to the argument of his opponents that Nicholas III's bull
732:
6288:
5420:– Shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles
4504:
9380:
9116:
7634:
7569:
7246:
7086:
7033:
6740:
6256:
5622:
4682:
6320:
3102:
9420:
9250:
8158:
7905:
7199:
6280:
5911:
5835:
4520:
2412:
4072:
3622:
3525:
2207:
in 1978, and the Third Order was renamed the Secular Franciscan Order. It is an international organization with its own
1726:
All of the groups that followed the Franciscan Rule literally were united to the Observants, and the right to elect the
1541:
1309:(1305–14) this party succeeded in exercising some influence on papal decisions. In 1309 Clement had a commission sit at
9079:
8576:
8185:
7910:
7473:
6867:
5463:
5189:
5032:
4730:
3894:
3787:
3427:
2141:
2120:) follows the observance of Pope Urban. Other branches established since that time, who operate under their own unique
1884:'s expedition to Central America in 1524, but Fray Pedro de Gante initiated the evangelization process and studied the
1854:
5657:
4316:
3310:
1450:
of anything even in common, thus forcing them to accept ownership. And, on 12 November 1323, he issued the short bull
1443:
or by personal right, we corporately and unanimously declare to be not heretical, but true and catholic." By the bull
1343:, and required the formal submission of the Spirituals. Some of them, encouraged by the strongly Observantist general
9666:
9062:
8664:
8311:
8145:
7596:
7501:
7484:
7177:
6856:
6346:
6339:
5027:. Classics of Western spirituality. Translated by Regis J. Armstrong and Ignatius C. Brady. New York: Paulist Press.
1281:, an old friend of the order, to end the strife by uniting the Observantist party with his own order of hermits (see
1123:(1247–57) and the Order refused to implement any provisions of Innocent IV that were laxer than those of Gregory IX.
5554:
La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihad: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario
4542:
1748:
883:
was established, with Brother Elias as Minister. By 1229 the friars had a small house near the fifth station of the
9576:
9124:
8877:
8822:
8687:
8422:
8418:
8163:
7948:
7895:
7385:
7364:
7278:
7045:
6939:
6927:
6903:
6692:
6304:
5916:
5901:
2653:
the wounds were examined by Luigi Romanelli, chief physician of the City Hospital of Barletta, for about one year;
2529:
2427:
2401:
1975:
1145:
709:
and Francis was ordained as a deacon, allowing him to proclaim Gospel passages and preach in churches during Mass.
518:
331:
200:
4395:
2621:
himself was one of the first reported cases of stigmata, and perhaps the most famous stigmatic of modern times is
943:(1342) declared the Franciscans as the official custodians of the Holy Places in the name of the Catholic Church.
615:, with two crossed arms: Christ's right hand with the nail wound and Francis' left hand with the stigmata wound."
9585:
8927:
8902:
8867:
8862:
8827:
8707:
8306:
8190:
7780:
7743:
7626:
7606:
7562:
7221:
7150:
7068:
6950:
6873:
6722:
6638:
6084:
5852:
3556:
1846:
1126:
604:
Franciscan Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap.): 1,542 communities; 10,355 members (including 6,796 priests)
601:
Franciscan Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.): 572 communities; 3,981 members (including 2,777 priests)
5669:
1505:. Only a small part of the Franciscan Order joined the opponents of John XXII, and at a general chapter held in
9651:
9523:
9235:
8922:
8892:
8872:
8812:
8602:
8318:
7856:
7848:
7760:
7621:
7601:
7144:
7121:
6861:
6797:
5906:
2960:
2537:
2008:
1838:
1834:
1656:
568:
507:
335:
205:
1557:, some of which developed within the Order on both hermit and cenobitic principles and may here be mentioned:
8897:
8887:
8213:
8084:
7982:
7679:
7236:
6222:
5858:
5823:
5523:
Halevi, Masha (2012). "Between Faith and Science: Franciscan Archaeology in the Service of the Holy Places".
5292:
In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century
4169:
2711:
produced the first complete translation of the Catholic Bible in Chinese in 1968 after a 40-year effort. The
2696:
2689:
2533:
2444:
1743:
1727:
1099:
6404:
2951:
During the "spiritual conquest" of New Spain, 1523–1572, the arrival of the first group of Franciscans, the
2852:(built 1228–53), was cultivated as a rule principally by members of the order or men under their influence.
9478:
9449:
9432:
9340:
8952:
8917:
8907:
8485:
8466:
8328:
8079:
7992:
7352:
7323:
7307:
7215:
7204:
7104:
6985:
6550:
6136:
5946:
2893:
2712:
2168:
1704:
1473:
677:
In spite of some similarities between this principle and some of the fundamental ideas of the followers of
554:
268:
184:
1317:, the leader, after Olivi's death, of the stricter party, who was a member of the commission, induced the
9488:
8238:
8106:
7975:
7458:
7346:
7312:
7261:
2921:
2263:
2227:
1631:
1179:
38:
5556:. Collectanea Archivi Vaticani. Vol. 46. Vatican City: Archivio Segreto Vaticano. pp. 219–244.
4291:
4247:
1565:
The Clareni or Clarenini was an association of hermits established on the river Clareno in the march of
327:
9405:
9203:
8857:
8509:
8475:
8434:
7256:
7231:
7161:
7115:
7062:
7027:
6997:
6944:
6439:
6077:
4476:
4455:
3062:
947:
846:
760:
17:
5491:
Peace and good in America: a history of Holy Name Province Order of Friars Minor, 1850s to the present
2337:
The Regular Tertiaries, officially the Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance, who operate the
9595:
9541:
9212:
9162:
8852:
8807:
7915:
7495:
7406:
7156:
6991:
6838:
6543:
6370:
5864:
5742:
5705:
4660:
4567:
4115:
2952:
2719:
2614:
2440:
2279:
2072:
1893:
1277:(1289–96), and of the Franciscan Pope Nicholas IV (1288–92). The attempt made by the next pope,
372:
9625:
9561:
9483:
9454:
9074:
9069:
8947:
8847:
8832:
8817:
8659:
8480:
8370:
8288:
8112:
8089:
8040:
7713:
7390:
7272:
7267:
7189:
7039:
6968:
6769:
6532:
6463:
6447:
6131:
6120:
5958:
5941:
5816:
5701:
5601:
4265:
3057:
2855:
The early spiritual poetry of Italy was partially inspired by Francis himself, who was followed by
2635:
2483:
2479:
2397:
2393:
2381:
founded the "Poor Hermits of Saint Francis of Assisi", later known as the "Hermits of the Order of
2254:
2195:
1415:
of 20 November 1312 failed to effect a compromise between the two factions. Clement V's successor,
563:
466:
244:
179:
6361:
4751:
2972:
1268:(1287–89); but the Spiritual party under the leadership of the Bonaventuran pupil and apocalyptic
9546:
9178:
9139:
9106:
8552:
8532:
8400:
8278:
8228:
8007:
7808:
7748:
7251:
7003:
6734:
6644:
6527:
5691:
4138:
3146:
2992:
2945:
2382:
1056:
1055:
immediately. Elias pursued with great severity the principal leaders of the opposition, and even
702:
5093:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 2 (Illustrated ed.). New City Press. 2000.
4437:
3457:
3364:
3246:
607:
Third Order Regular of Saint Francis (TOR): 147 communities; 813 members (including 581 priests)
9615:
9556:
9551:
9185:
8991:
8912:
8837:
8717:
8395:
8283:
8223:
7900:
7788:
7358:
7109:
6921:
3267:
Schwaller, John F. (2014). "Francis of Assisi: The Life by Augustine Thompson, O.P. (review)".
3218:
2988:
2867:. Through a tradition which held him to have been a member of the Franciscan Third Order, even
2776:
2487:
2307:
2223:
1678:
1673:
1623:
1502:
1402:
1265:
1249:
908:
792:
690:
659:
5696:
5147:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 4 (Annotated ed.). New City Press. 2002.
5120:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 3 (Annotated ed.). New City Press. 2001.
2873:
1703:, after a general chapter held in Rome in 1517, in connection with the reform-movement of the
9320:
9147:
8572:
8353:
8218:
8064:
7770:
7708:
7667:
7652:
7468:
7401:
7074:
6962:
6956:
6815:
6471:
6116:
5931:
5896:
5789:
4144:
3463:
3400:
3370:
3252:
2641:
2582:
2125:
2100:
1962:
1939:
1796:
1792:
1469:
1240:(1279–85), also followed a middle course. Severe measures were taken against certain extreme
1237:
693:
637:
496:
416:
347:
307:
256:
195:
2956:
1897:
1509:
in 1329 the majority of all the houses declared their submission to the Pope. With the bull
9646:
8724:
8693:
8590:
8471:
8385:
8265:
8168:
7885:
7880:
7803:
7753:
7684:
7662:
6915:
6704:
6179:
6043:
5926:
5811:
5735:
5649:
5181:
5171:
4031:
3866:
3725:
3694:
3394:
2984:
2658:
2491:
2299:
2226:(1819–1876) was a member of the Third Order of St. Francis who became the foundress of the
2133:
1615:
287:
orders or other groups have been established since late 1800s as well, particularly in the
280:
264:
5646:
Online guide to the Academy of American Franciscan History Microfilm Collection, 1526–1972
3980:
2885:
1804:
1756:
1059:, the founder's first disciple, was obliged to conceal himself for years in the forest of
8:
9513:
9415:
9208:
9192:
8712:
8622:
8073:
8017:
7965:
7866:
7828:
6757:
6609:
6455:
6396:
6163:
5963:
5294:. Translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno. Franciscan Institute Publications.
5049:
Francis of Assisi. Armstrong, Regis J.; Hellmann, J. A. Wayne; Short, William J. (eds.).
4140:
A Franciscan Inquisitor's Manual and its Compositional Context: 'Codex Casanatensis' 1730
3341:
2937:
2809:
2786:
2577:
2525:
2331:
2160:
1930:
1889:
1872:
1822:
1812:
1619:
1490:
1367:
A few years later a new controversy, this time theoretical, broke out on the question of
1290:
1153:
1107:
772:
589:
377:
343:
5066:. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New City Press. 1999.
3671:
3553:""Brother Elia of Cortona ", Basilica Papale e Sacro convent di San Francesco in Assisi"
1232:
The successor to Bonaventure, Jerome of Ascoli or Girolamo Masci (1274–79), (the future
598:
Order of Friars Minor (OFM): 1,915 communities; 12,476 members (including 8,512 priests)
594:
gave the following figures for the membership of the principal male Franciscan orders:.
314:. Franciscans traveled and preached in the streets, while staying in church properties.
9533:
9350:
8208:
8200:
7943:
7644:
7611:
7543:
7369:
6821:
6751:
6569:
6511:
6479:
6058:
5540:
5458:. Studies and texts. Vol. 33. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
4229:
4221:
3824:
3599:
3576:
3284:
2941:
2897:
2889:
2817:
2756:
2514:
2510:
2499:
2475:
2177:
comprises people who desired to grow in holiness in their daily lives without entering
1881:
1314:
1286:
1103:
1036:
5720:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Henrietta Leyser, Anthony Kenny & Alexander Murray (
4588:
Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 13: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Pt. 2.
4521:"Bartleby.com: Great Books Online – Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more"
2968:
1791:
As well as acting as prosecutors, many friars, particularly those associated with the
775:, a zealous advocate of the founder's strict principle of poverty, began in 1221 from
9493:
8729:
8054:
7934:
7701:
7657:
7241:
7166:
7127:
6879:
6487:
6412:
6100:
5770:
5544:
5495:
5469:
5459:
5431:
5402:
5395:
5372:
5344:
5316:
5295:
5269:
5241:
5213:
5185:
5148:
5121:
5094:
5067:
5028:
5000:
4972:
4944:
4916:
4888:
4860:
4832:
4804:
4776:
4772:
Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis
4747:
4726:
4233:
3890:
3783:
3733:
3713:
3423:
3288:
3067:
2813:
2772:
2670:
2618:
2558:
2357:
2283:
2239:
2108:
2092:
1999:
1800:
1570:
1465:
1461:
1378:
1368:
1344:
1318:
1257:
1216:
1161:
1149:
1081:
982:
920:
755:
736:
719:
682:
422:
392:
303:
252:
155:
98:
4479:. Saint Joseph Cupertino Fraternity, Secular Franciscan Order (OFS). 21 January 2014
4374:
2909:
2609:
Among Catholic religious, Franciscans have proportionally reported higher ratios of
2540:, and the Evangelische Kanaan Franziskus-Bruderschaft (Kanaan Franciscan Brothers).
63:
A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans
9355:
9129:
9091:
9049:
8977:
8972:
8939:
8746:
8679:
8642:
8637:
8617:
8612:
8537:
8390:
8380:
8340:
7871:
7689:
7672:
7447:
7209:
7172:
Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
6205:
6013:
5993:
5804:
5687:
Lewis E 253 Manuscript of an evangelist and prebendary of the minor orders at OPenn
5532:
4213:
3276:
3038:
2964:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2881:
2864:
2856:
2805:
2764:
2708:
2700:
2685:
2662:
2378:
2208:
1984:
1885:
1818:
1776:
1764:
1398:
1382:
1321:
to arrive at a decision in the main favoring his views, and the papal constitution
1278:
1274:
1261:
1233:
1187:
1157:
1111:
1041:
1024:
967:
924:
912:
825:
821:
788:
768:
728:
670:; but they spent much of their time traveling through the mountainous districts of
463:
398:
276:
241:
8595:
5209:
Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages
4349:
4020:
3969:
9590:
9473:
9330:
9295:
9101:
9096:
9021:
9016:
8957:
8882:
8632:
8562:
8094:
8035:
7585:
7441:
7009:
6710:
6023:
5983:
5879:
5794:
5673:
5661:
5626:
5605:
5536:
5489:
5453:
5425:
5397:
The Poor and the Perfect: the rise of learning in the Franciscan order, 1209–1310
5366:
5338:
5310:
5263:
5235:
5207:
5175:
5142:
5115:
5088:
5061:
5022:
4994:
4966:
4938:
4910:
4882:
4854:
4826:
4798:
4770:
4720:
4590:
4508:
4501:
4148:
4027:
3976:
3721:
3626:
3583:
3529:
3417:
3014:
2929:
2925:
2868:
2821:
2471:
2088:
2080:
2043:
1772:
1768:
1645:
1627:
1289:
annulled Celestine's bull of foundation with his other acts, deposed the general
1165:
1086:
1045:
998:
932:
879:. The Franciscan presence in the Holy Land started in 1217, when the province of
723:
641:
443:
359:
315:
272:
248:
167:
6747:
Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno
6578:
5618:
5430:. British Society of Franciscan Studies. Vol. 16. Oxford University Press.
4690:
3017:, writer, and blogger. Cole runs his own online blog and YouTube channel called
2665:, who agreed that the wounds existed but made no other comment; and pathologist
1102:
to the Ministers Provincial sitting in chapter. The next two Ministers General,
9508:
9437:
9285:
9220:
9006:
8996:
8982:
8967:
8647:
8542:
8426:
8405:
7939:
7818:
7793:
7765:
7696:
7531:
7184:
Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
6632:
6517:
6184:
6003:
5998:
5988:
5936:
5846:
4603:
4593:(ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973, pp. 142–143, 186–239, 256–275.
3192:
3141:
3106:
2917:
2790:
2602:
2448:
2295:
2182:
2051:
1868:
1842:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1573:(1337). Like several other smaller congregations, it was obliged in 1568 under
1416:
1406:
1328:
1306:
1245:
1168:
1095:
900:
740:
579:
229:
4524:
3649:
3478:
2016:) are the youngest branch of Franciscans, founded in 1525 by Matteo Serafini (
387:
9640:
9400:
9360:
9245:
9167:
9152:
9001:
8962:
8768:
8652:
8449:
8118:
7833:
7092:
6763:
6008:
5473:
4064:
3636:
3619:
3539:
3522:
2666:
2654:
2521:
2200:
2121:
1954:
1780:
1669:
1594:
1294:
1183:
1120:
1048:
for an authentic interpretation of this piece of papal legislation. The bull
856:
698:
469:
of men, some of whom trace their origin to Francis of Assisi. Their official
350:
with different emphases. Conventual Franciscans are sometimes referred to as
339:
7375:
Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)
5717:
3456:
3363:
3245:
2959:, but more prominently for his corpus of writings on the earliest years was
2782:
779:, with twenty-five companions, to win for the Order the land watered by the
9375:
9310:
9240:
9230:
9157:
9057:
9026:
8802:
8751:
8519:
8461:
8358:
8129:
8046:
8002:
7997:
7987:
7798:
7725:
7098:
7015:
6826:
6786:
6662:
6656:
6537:
5654:
4324:
4186:
Nájera, Guillermo Antonio Nájera, and William B. Taylor. "Franciscans", in
3292:
2933:
2833:
2829:
2562:
2437:
started in 1987, and are now a Public Clerical Association of the Faithful.
2287:
2274:
2204:
2017:
1194:, so called because they were ratified by the Order at its chapter held at
1027:, Minister Provincial of Spain, was elected Minister General of the order.
1013:, a close companion of Francis during his last years and the author of the
884:
872:
751:
663:
648:
633:
311:
5679:
4095:
The Origin, Development, and Refinement of Medieval Religious Mendicancies
3280:
3127:
3103:"Do the Franciscans have a coat or arms like many other religious orders?"
1327:(1313) was on the whole conceived in the same sense. Clement's successor,
9571:
9427:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9255:
8557:
8492:
8348:
8273:
8251:
8099:
7861:
7823:
7527:
7334:
7080:
6686:
6680:
6126:
6018:
5921:
5632:
4538:
2860:
2768:
2760:
2738:
2650:
2506:
2495:
2113:
2096:
2063:
2047:
1859:
1739:
1574:
1515:
of 16 November 1329, John XXII replied to Michael of Cesena's attacks on
1460:
Influential members of the order protested, such as the minister general
1269:
1172:
1130:
1010:
978:
678:
550:
536:
381:
319:
2249:
was formed in 1447 by a papal decree that united several communities of
2203:, himself a member of the Order. A new and current Rule was approved by
1926:
1888:
through his contacts with children of the Indian elite from the city of
837:, was at least equal in numbers and activity to the followers of Elias.
611:
The coat of arms that is a universal symbol of Franciscan "contains the
9265:
9260:
9084:
9011:
8627:
8547:
8178:
6891:
6850:
6832:
6674:
6668:
6431:
4399:
3393:
3042:
3007:
3003:
2342:
2084:
1821:
to root out heretics, leading further persecution and execution (e.g.,
1700:
1611:
1605:
This was founded in the hermitage of St. Bartholomew at Brugliano near
1554:
1282:
1241:
896:
796:
652:
174:
31:
4775:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press.
4225:
4201:
3296:
2482:(women, founded 1905) (CSF), the Poor Clares of Reparation (PCR), the
2306:
period which devastated much of Western Europe. An example of this is
2219:
851:
After an intense apostolic activity in Italy, in 1219 Francis went to
9370:
9365:
9335:
9031:
8794:
8778:
8763:
8607:
8497:
8375:
8365:
8233:
8012:
7507:
6780:
6522:
5799:
5666:
3782:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press. 1996. pp. 117–118.
3445:(Citta del Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2022, pp. 1386–1387.
2734:
2715:
is often considered the authoritative Chinese Bible among Catholics.
2704:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2586:
2389:. There are mendicant friars, contemplative nuns, and lay tertiaries.
2386:
2268:
2178:
2039:
1958:
1905:
1661:
1545:
A Christian missionary friar landing in southern India (14th century)
1175:(1257), who had previously been able to lecture only as licentiates.
1144:
Elias, who had been excommunicated and taken under the protection of
904:
612:
367:
7285:
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God
6069:
5340:
A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517
4912:
The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics
2520:
There are further some small Franciscan communities within European
2116:
the day before Clare's death in 1253. The main branch of the Order (
1995:
557:, has many men and women members, separated into two main branches:
58:
9610:
9518:
9345:
8444:
7813:
7538:
6627:
6564:
6354:
6053:
4803:. History series. Vol. 10. Franciscan Institute Publications.
4217:
2681:
2646:
2610:
2430:
started in 1987, and the Franciscan Sisters of the Renewal in 1988.
2405:
2353:
2303:
1550:
1494:
1386:
1385:, by which all property given to the Franciscans was vested in the
1360:
1355:
1195:
868:
864:
776:
292:
288:
7554:
5315:. History series. Vol. 4. Franciscan Institute Publications.
5268:. History series. Vol. 5. Franciscan Institute Publications.
4887:. History series. Vol. 7. Franciscan Institute Publications.
4831:. History series. Vol. 8. Franciscan Institute Publications.
4753:
Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor
4627:
3629:
Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 28 December 2019
3532:
Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 28 December 2019
9315:
8153:
8027:
7970:
6979:
6148:
4996:
The Birth of a Movement: A Study of the First Rule of St. Francis
4943:. Franciscan Pathways Series. Franciscan Institute Publications.
4756:. Translated by Noel Muscat. Malta: TAU Franciscan Communications
4295:
3635:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3538:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2976:
2841:
2723:
2348:
2235:
1606:
1599:
1498:
1433:
1350:
1310:
963:
892:
888:
832:
706:
681:, the brotherhood of Assisi succeeded in gaining the approval of
224:
3523:
Robinson, Paschal. "Elias of Cortona." The Catholic Encyclopedia
655:
precept, without staff or scrip, he began to preach repentance.
499:, also known as the Observants, are most commonly simply called
9468:
8773:
8758:
8702:
8669:
7427:
Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
5840:
5455:
Friars in the Cathedral: The First Franciscan Bishops 1226–1261
3504:
3338:"The rule of the Franciscan Order from the Medieval Sourcebook"
2871:
may be included within this artistic tradition (cf. especially
2845:
2498:
known as the Third Order Society of St Francis (TSSF), and the
2250:
1566:
1066:
The conflict between the two parties lasted many years and the
1020:
860:
804:
800:
784:
671:
667:
410:
363:
342:. The latter two, the Capuchin and Conventual, remain distinct
5727:
3419:
Clare of Assisi and the Poor Sisters in the Thirteenth Century
3168:
3105:. Franciscan Friars: Province of Santa Barbara. Archived from
1863:
Franciscan friars look at the sea and city landscape from the
1331:(1316–34), favored the laxer or conventual party. By the bull
9566:
8734:
8698:
3010:
2657:, a private practitioner who examined them in 1920 and 1925;
2156:
1506:
1060:
1032:
880:
876:
852:
817:
780:
470:
255:, these orders include three independent orders for men (the
5697:
14 Regulae ordinis fratrum minorum Franciscani etc. at OPenn
5692:
Lewis E 258 Life of Holy Francis and his companions at OPenn
4269:
3142:"Franciscan | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica"
2707:
for the study of scripture. The Hong Kong branch founded by
871:, initiating a spirit of dialogue and understanding between
442:). Francis adopted the simple tunic worn by peasants as the
8739:
8458:
5973:
4420:
3620:
Robinson, Paschal. "Brother Leo." The Catholic Encyclopedia
2639:, his wounds healed once, but reappeared. According to the
2597:
1199:
299:
9657:
Christian religious orders established in the 13th century
5584:
2771:, and the well-known mystic authors and popular preachers
2385:", and then renamed the "Order of Minims" in 1506 by Pope
578:(TOR) live in religious communities under the traditional
5578:
5427:
Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century
4940:
The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages
4563:
2076:
260:
5597:
4143:(PhD dissertation). Fordham University. pp. 1–372.
3023:
Let Go: Seven Stumbling Blocks to Christian Discipleship
2676:
1313:
for the purpose of reconciling the conflicting parties.
5237:
A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty
4373:. Franciscans International. 2013-04-10. Archived from
2313:
259:
being the largest contemporary male order), orders for
5572:
4884:
The Friars Minor in Ireland from their arrival to 1400
4881:
Cotter, Francis J. (1994). Roberta A. McKelvie (ed.).
3053:
List of ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor
2880:
Other famous members of the Franciscan family include
2722:
who had attempted a first translation of the Bible in
2505:
There is also an order of Sisters of St. Clare in the
3882:
1482:
was fixed and irrevocable, John XXII issued the bull
1381:
had confirmed the arrangement already established by
931:) bought the Cenacle and gave it to the Franciscans.
525:, official name: Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.).
7330:
Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
5240:. Franciscan Pathways Series. Franciscan Institute.
4828:
The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor: 1897
2298:
superiors. The great figure of this development was
953:
810:
306:
in 1209 to form a new religious order. The original
298:
Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to
30:"Minorites" redirects here. Not to be confused with
27:
Group of religious orders within the Catholic Church
7052:
Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
6699:
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
5212:. Medieval World Series (4th ed.). Routledge.
4722:
O simbolismo da natureza em Santo António de Lisboa
4653:"Priestly Ordination of Casey Cole Set for June 22"
4346:"Tertius Ordo Regularis Sancti Francisci | History"
3048:
Association of Franciscan Colleges and Universities
2804:During the Middle Ages noteworthy members included
1968:
1933:(1420–1482), reformer of the Order of Friars Minor
1817:The Inquisition spread to the new world during the
1337:he modified several provisions of the constitution
658:He was soon joined by a prominent fellow townsman,
7291:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5394:
2975:, who all created texts in indigenous language of
2400:, started in 1898 as a religious community in the
2185:, could belong and live according to the Gospel.
1733:
1401:had said would begin in 1260) pitched against the
743:, still today the spiritual centre of the Order.
514:, official name: Friars Minor Capuchin (OFM Cap.).
330:within the Catholic Church, the others being the "
37:"Grey Friars" redirects here. For other uses, see
7437:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
6608:
6379:Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise
5676:– extensive list of Franciscan internet resources
5265:The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform
5020:
4746:
4248:"Br. Massimo Fusarelli, new OFM Minister General"
3642:
2613:and have claimed proportionally higher ratios of
2547:
2420:
1990:
1589:
1577:to unite with the general body of Observantists.
1156:and the Bishops of France combined to attack the
454:The First Order or the Order of Friars Minor, or
9638:
7454:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods
7341:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament
5952:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis
5494:(Illustrated ed.). Holy Name Province OFM.
4718:
4294:. Francescanitor.org. 2013-05-12. Archived from
4188:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
3454:
3391:
3361:
2718:The early efforts of another Franciscan, namely
2099:in the year 1212, they were organized after the
739:is buried, a building which includes the friary
705:to the plebeian mendicant orders. The group was
582:. They grew out of the Secular Franciscan Order.
7302:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
5177:Saint Clare of Assisi: her life and legislation
3728:and another translation in Rosalind B. Brooke,
1186:was seen as favoring the condemned theology of
799:, the ecclesiastical capital, they moved on to
7195:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception
6241:Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence
5401:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
4796:
3479:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Rule of Saint Francis"
2447:(NGO) with General Consultative status at the
2366:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis
2349:Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis
1947:) has 1,500 houses in about 100 provinces and
1892:. Later, in May 1524, with the arrival of the
1351:Renewed controversy on the question of poverty
899:. Later on, in 1309, they also settled in the
7570:
6594:
6085:
5743:
5633:Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance
5180:. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. p.
5170:
5048:
3823:. Christusrex.org. 2001-12-30. Archived from
3692:
3422:. St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute.
2459:
2324:Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi
2247:Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance
2021:
2002:(1487–1564), co-founder of the Capuchin Order
1911:
1744:Medieval Inquisition § Papal inquisition
1067:
830:
116:Via S. Maria Mediatrice 25, 00165 Rome, Italy
4202:"The Church of San Francisco in Mexico City"
3878:
3876:
3027:Called: What Happens After Saying Yes to God
2997:history of the Franciscans in central Mexico
2392:The Society of the Atonement, also known as
1009:The earliest leader of the strict party was
7417:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary
7318:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima
6934:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word
4992:
3074:Supply of Franciscan missions in New Mexico
2750:Oxford University Museum of Natural History
2570:
2435:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word
2188:
1948:
1904:, which became Franciscan headquarters for
1714:
1708:
1686:
1639:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1483:
1477:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1427:
1421:
1410:
1372:
1338:
1332:
1322:
1210:
1203:
1182:at this time issued a Joachimite tract and
1049:
1014:
840:
722:for help in 1219. He was assigned Cardinal
587:
474:
429:
414:
322:(Order of Saint Clare) of the Franciscans.
108:Mendicant Order of Pontifical Right for men
9499:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
7577:
7563:
7022:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
6601:
6587:
6092:
6078:
5750:
5736:
4797:Camps, Arnulf; McCloskey, Patrick (1995).
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3518:
3516:
3436:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3311:"All Saints of the Seraphic Order (Feast)"
2163:, honored as the first Franciscan tertiary
1771:appointed the Franciscans, along with the
1630:(b. 1435? at Munster; was a member of the
1133:(1221–1274), painting by Claude François (
346:within the Catholic Church, observing the
4908:
4539:"Padre Pio: Biography and Much More from"
3873:
3769:
3767:
3415:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3340:. Fordham.edu. 1999-09-22. Archived from
3266:
3237:
2669:who also observed the wounds but made no
1536:
1293:, and appointed a man of laxer tendency,
891:allowed the Franciscans to settle in the
685:. What seems to have impressed first the
126:12,476 members (8,512 priests) as of 2020
7491:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls
7479:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart
6898:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
6506:List of places named after Saint Francis
5870:Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism
5551:
5261:
5205:
4454:. Conventual Franciscans. Archived from
4323:. Franciscan Friars, TOR. Archived from
3821:"History of the Franciscan Movement (3)"
3613:
3495:
3219:"Saint Francis of Assisi, Italian Saint"
2781:
2733:
2680:
2596:
2557:Franciscan theology conforms to broader
2494:(men, founded in 2003). There is also a
2466:Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism
2352:
2218:
2155:
2038:
1994:
1925:
1921:
1858:
1747:
1655:
1593:
1580:
1540:
1497:. The Franciscan chapter that opened in
1354:
1125:
1080:
962:
745:
627:
409:
405:
386:
380:, although the term elsewhere refers to
318:, under Francis's guidance, founded the
223:
7432:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5655:Franciscan authors, 13th – 18th century
5451:
5392:
5364:
5337:Moorman, John Richard Humpidge (1988).
5336:
5309:Moorman, John Richard Humpidge (1983).
5308:
4852:
4824:
4436:. Franciscans in Action. Archived from
4199:
4136:
4059:
4057:
3889:. Vol. 1. Routledge. p. 373.
3802:
3513:
3321:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
2748:), statue from the 19th century in the
2592:
1851:Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda
1660:Franciscan Church from 15th century in
1244:who, on the strength of the rumor that
712:
534:The Second Order, most commonly called
251:. Founded in 1209 by the Italian saint
14:
9639:
7958:
7380:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy
7347:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
7297:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart
7227:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
5522:
4993:Flood, David; Matura, Thaddée (1975).
4936:
4880:
4719:Aguiar de Castro, José Acácio (1997).
3764:
3378:
2530:Franciscan orders in Lutheran Churches
2214:
1953:, with about 16,000 members. In 1897,
1614:, and was expressly recognized by the
958:
438:) to live like the poor and peasants (
7558:
6886:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
6582:
6201:Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine
6099:
6073:
5769:Organisations founded or inspired by
5731:
5639:
5487:
5423:
5371:. Franciscan Institute Publications.
5289:
5233:
5024:Francis and Clare: The Complete Works
4964:
4680:
4650:
4075:from the original on October 26, 2007
4065:"Catholic Encyclopedia – Inquisition"
3596:"Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land"
3545:
3355:
3097:
3095:
3093:
2677:Contributions to biblical scholarship
2339:Franciscan University of Steubenville
1828:
1198:, France, in 1260. In the chapter of
7422:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
7412:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana
7247:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb
7242:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
7034:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales
6974:Marians of the Immaculate Conception
6857:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
6741:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo
6297:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
6273:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
4768:
4054:
3859:"Exivi de Paradiso – Pope Clement V"
3467:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3448:
3404:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3374:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3256:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3243:
3113:
2517:), the Little Sisters of St. Clare.
2314:Third Order Regular in North America
2087:order to be established. Founded by
1788:for use by Inquisitors in Tuscany.
503:, official name: Friars Minor (OFM).
7584:
7200:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary
5912:Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate
5836:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
3732:. Cambridge University Press, 2006
3501:Chesterton (1924), pp. 107–108
3443:Annuario Pontificio per l'anno 2022
2413:Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate
2371:
820:and Gregory of Naples, a nephew of
24:
7474:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace
7099:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus
6796:
6313:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
6265:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
5424:Sharp, Dorothea Elizabeth (1966).
5368:The History of Franciscan Theology
5052:Francis of Assisi: Early Documents
4477:"What is Franciscan Spirituality?"
3944:"John XXII, Ad conditorem canonum"
3090:
2995:are important contributors to the
2963:. Other important Franciscans are
2729:
2581:). Special emphasis is put on the
2142:Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration
2083:. The Poor Clares were the second
2056:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi
1908:for the next three hundred years.
1855:Mexican secularization act of 1833
1755:, Jean-Paul Laurens‘ depiction of
1713:, were held strictly to their own
733:Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi
647:A sermon Francis heard in 1209 on
25:
9683:
7502:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament
7178:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa
6340:All Creatures of Our God and King
5683:A UCD Digital Library Collection.
5591:
5561:
4396:"The Little Sisters of St. Clare"
3670:. August 14, 1279. Archived from
3598:. Christusrex.org. Archived from
3002:A modern notable member includes
2690:the Studium Biblicum Franciscanum
2490:(women, enclosed) (OSC), and the
2029:
1763:In about 1236 during the time of
1759:’s examination by the Inquisition
954:Development after Francis's death
811:Dissensions during Francis's life
759:, Bartolome del Castro, c. 1500 (
9621:
9620:
9609:
9577:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
9125:Criticism of the Catholic Church
7537:
7386:Sisters of the Cross and Passion
7365:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
7046:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
6928:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
6693:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion
6563:
6147:
6052:
6038:
6037:
5917:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
5902:Order of Friars Minor Conventual
5878:
5612:
5585:Order of Friars Minor Conventual
5566:
4190:, Oxford University Press, 2001.
3630:
3533:
3461:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3398:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3368:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3250:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3169:"Community of Francis and Clare"
3128:"Order of Friars Minor (O.F.M.)"
3041:(1626-?), Spanish missionary in
2695:The Franciscans established the
2428:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
2151:
1976:Order of Friars Minor Conventual
1969:Order of Friars Minor Conventual
1916:
1902:Convento Grande de San Francisco
1202:three years later Bonaventure's
519:Order of Friars Minor Conventual
428:The name of the original order,
57:
7744:First seven ecumenical councils
7485:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
7222:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus
7069:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales
6874:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini
6723:Institute of the Incarnate Word
5853:Franciscan missions to the Maya
5757:
4968:Origins of the Franciscan Order
4674:
4644:
4620:
4596:
4581:
4570:from the original on 2018-10-05
4556:
4545:from the original on 2013-05-12
4531:
4513:
4491:
4469:
4426:
4413:
4388:
4363:
4338:
4309:
4284:
4258:
4240:
4193:
4180:
4170:"The Auto-da-fé of Mexico City"
4162:
4137:Clement, Geoffrey Ward (2013).
4130:
4100:
4087:
4036:
4014:
4005:
3985:
3963:
3954:
3936:
3927:
3909:
3886:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia
3851:
3838:
3743:
3707:
3686:
3660:
3588:
3570:
3471:
3408:
3021:and is the author of the books
2552:
2404:, and came into union with the
2322:The Third Order Regular of the
1847:Franciscan missions to the Maya
1734:Franciscans and the Inquisition
1598:Franciscan convent at Lopud in
1222:
529:
458:are commonly called simply the
218:Order of Observant Friars Minor
9672:Catholicism in the Middle Ages
8319:Separation of church and state
7145:Adorers of the Blood of Christ
7122:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
5907:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
5579:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
5290:Merlo, Grado Giovanni (2009).
4683:"Casey Cole Writes First Book"
4498:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
4044:"John XXII, Quia vir reprobus"
3883:Christopher Kleinhenz (2003).
3303:
3260:
3211:
3193:"Franciscans, Religious Order"
3185:
3173:Community of Francis and Clare
3161:
3134:
2961:Toribio de Benavente Motolinia
2548:Distinguishing characteristics
2538:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary
2486:(men, founded 1934)(SSF), the
2421:Other Franciscan organizations
2034:
2009:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
1991:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
1839:Spanish missions in New Mexico
1835:Spanish missions in California
1651:
1590:Reform of Johannes de Vallibus
1300:
1160:. It was due to the action of
544:
508:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
449:
13:
1:
9662:1209 establishments in Europe
7237:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters
6845:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy
6610:Catholic religious institutes
6551:Pranchiyettan & the Saint
6223:Little Flowers of St. Francis
5859:Studium Biblicum Franciscanum
5702:Franciscan Society Collection
5452:Thomson, Williell R. (1975).
4200:Chauvet, Fidel de J. (1950).
3458:"St. Francis of Assisi"
3416:Alberzoni, Maria Pia (2004).
3365:"Order of Friars Minor"
3247:"Order of Friars Minor"
3079:
2794:
2742:
2697:Studium Biblicum Franciscanum
2534:Order of Lutheran Franciscans
2445:Non-governmental organization
2230:, founded to serve the needy.
1728:Minister General of the Order
1371:. In his 14 August 1279 bull
1134:
986:
971:
907:. In 1335 the king of Naples
803:, the political capital, and
623:
395:Comforted by a Musician Angel
7396:Sisters of the Good Shepherd
7353:Religious of the Virgin Mary
7324:Order of Our Lady of Charity
7308:Oblate Sisters of Providence
7205:Faithful Companions of Jesus
6986:Society of Mary (Marianists)
6801:Coat of arms of Vatican City
6137:Third Order of Saint Francis
5947:Third Order of Saint Francis
5537:10.1080/00263206.2012.653139
4937:Daniel, E. Randolph (1992).
4909:Couturier, David B. (2007).
3917:"John XXII, Quia nonnunquam"
3510:Galli (2002), pp. 74–80
2894:Giovanni da Pian del Carpini
2713:Studium Biblicum Translation
2341:, follow a rule approved by
2175:Third Order of Saint Francis
2169:Third Order of Saint Francis
2046:(1194–1253), founder of the
1875:at the time), Brazil c. 1816
1227:
1076:
636:and the Confirmation of the
555:Third Order of Saint Francis
326:one of the three Franciscan
269:Third Order of Saint Francis
185:Third Order of Saint Francis
7:
7459:Sisters of the Sacred Heart
7313:Oblates of Jesus the Priest
7262:Living the Gospel Community
6249:Saint Francis in Meditation
5343:. Franciscan Herald Press.
5262:MacVicar, Thaddeus (1963).
4999:. Franciscan Herald Press.
4971:. Franciscan Herald Press.
4681:Hayes, Maria (2018-04-03).
4651:Hayes, Maria (2019-02-20).
4371:"Franciscans International"
3070:The founder of Franciscans.
3032:
2922:Simpliciano of the Nativity
2228:Poor Sisters of St. Francis
2112:which was approved by Pope
2106:The Poor Clares follow the
1632:Brethren of the Common Life
1180:Gerard of Borgo San Donnino
39:Greyfriars (disambiguation)
10:
9688:
9616:Catholic Church portal
7257:Little Sisters of the Poor
7162:Basilian Chouerite Sisters
7116:Servants of Jesus and Mary
7063:Oblates of the Virgin Mary
7057:Oblates of Mary Immaculate
7028:Missionaries of La Salette
6998:Society of the Divine Word
6980:Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
6868:Christian Brothers (Irish)
6440:The Flowers of St. Francis
6145:
5817:Custodian of the Holy Land
5718:Greyfriars and Blackfriars
5393:Senocak, Neslihan (2012).
5365:Osborne, Kenan B. (1994).
5312:Medieval Franciscan houses
5234:Lynch, Cyprian J. (1988).
5021:Francis of Assisi (1982).
4707:
2767:, the "Doctor of Wonders"
2470:One of the results of the
2463:
2460:Other Christian traditions
2253:following the Third Order
2166:
1912:Contemporary organizations
1832:
1737:
1560:
847:Custodian of the Holy Land
844:
761:Philadelphia Museum of Art
754:Approving the Rule of St.
618:
36:
29:
9604:
9542:Aid to the Church in Need
9532:
9389:
9202:
9163:Vatican Television Center
9138:
9048:
8938:
8808:Eastern Catholic Churches
8789:
8678:
8571:
8518:
8443:
8414:
8339:
8264:
8199:
8144:
8063:
7933:
7847:
7779:
7724:
7643:
7620:
7592:
7522:
7496:Sisters of Social Service
7407:Sisters of the Holy Cross
7157:Basilian Aleppian Sisters
7137:
6992:Society of Mary (Marists)
6808:
6794:
6616:
6560:
6544:The Sermon of St. Francis
6498:
6423:
6388:
6331:
6232:
6214:
6193:
6172:
6156:
6107:
6032:
5972:
5887:
5876:
5865:Franciscans International
5782:
5767:
5706:University College London
5488:White, Joseph M. (2004).
4853:Carmody, Maurice (2008).
4825:Carmody, Maurice (1994).
4452:"Franciscan Spirituality"
3455:Paschal Robinson (1913).
3392:Paschal Robinson (1913).
3362:Paschal Robinson (1913).
3063:List of Franciscan saints
2953:Twelve Apostles of Mexico
2720:Giovanni di Monte Corvino
2615:visions of Jesus and Mary
2567:Canticle of the Creatures
2441:Franciscans International
2266:("Grey Friars School" in
2140:– founded 1538), and the
1957:combined the Observants,
1894:Twelve Apostles of Mexico
1636:Observantes sub ministris
1464:, the English provincial
1192:Constitutions of Narbonne
950:is still in force today.
867:. He met with the Sultan
212:
191:
173:
161:
149:
130:
120:
112:
104:
94:
76:
68:
56:
49:
9667:13th-century Catholicism
9484:Communion and Liberation
8948:Eastern Catholic liturgy
8113:Mystici Corporis Christi
8041:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
7464:Sisters of Saint Francis
7391:Sisters of the Destitute
7273:Marianites of Holy Cross
7268:Lovers of the Holy Cross
7190:Daughters of Divine Love
7040:Missionaries of the Poor
6969:Little Brothers of Jesus
6880:Immaculate Heart of Mary
6770:Society of the Atonement
6533:Society of Saint Francis
6464:Brother Sun, Sister Moon
6416:(1983 Stockhausen opera)
6132:Secular Franciscan Order
6121:Custody of the Holy Land
5942:Secular Franciscan Order
5711:
5619:Secular Franciscan Order
3395:"Franciscan Order"
3223:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3197:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3084:
3058:Maria Antonio of Vicenza
2981:evangelization of Mexico
2789:(1380–1440), painted by
2636:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2484:Society of Saint Francis
2480:Community of St. Francis
2196:Secular Franciscan Order
2189:Secular Franciscan Order
1865:Convent of Santo Antônio
1753:L'agitateur du Languedoc
1085:A Franciscan convent in
948:Custody of the Holy Land
841:Custody of the Holy Land
564:Secular Franciscan Order
421:, the rule confirmed by
180:Secular Franciscan Order
50:
8299:Philosophy of canon law
8229:Mariology of the saints
7809:Investiture Controversy
7469:Sisters of Saint Joseph
7252:Little Sisters of Jesus
7004:Society of Saint Edmund
6735:Missionaries of Charity
6528:Prayer of Saint Francis
6405:Saint François d'Assise
6347:The Canticle of the Sun
6257:Saint Francis in Prayer
5206:Lawrence, C.H. (2015).
4965:Esser, Kajetan (1970).
4628:"Breaking In The Habit"
4604:"Breaking In The Habit"
4317:"The Franciscan Orders"
3846:The Image of St Francis
3730:The Image of St Francis
3695:"English translation 2"
3650:"Order of Friars Minor"
3147:Encyclopedia Britannica
2946:Leonard of Port Maurice
2808:, Biblical commentator
2703:based in Jerusalem and
1900:. There they built the
1287:Pope Boniface VIII
1057:Bernardo di Quintavalle
703:Benedictine monasticism
240:are a group of related
82:; 815 years ago
9552:Catholic Charities USA
9186:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
9174:Vatican Polyglot Press
8224:Mariology of the popes
7862:Protestant Reformation
7544:Catholicism portal
7359:Servants of St. Joseph
6922:Discalced Augustinians
6904:Conventual Franciscans
6802:
6639:Augustinian Recollects
6570:Catholicism portal
6321:St. Francis in Ecstasy
6305:St. Francis in Ecstasy
6059:Catholicism portal
5525:Middle Eastern Studies
4564:"Studium Biblicum OFM"
3863:franciscan-archive.org
3244:Bihl, Michael (1913).
2989:Augustin de Vetancourt
2801:
2777:Berthold of Regensburg
2752:
2692:
2606:
2571:
2488:Community of St. Clare
2361:
2360:, a 19th-century friar
2308:Mary Frances Schervier
2231:
2224:Mary Frances Schervier
2164:
2058:
2022:
2003:
1949:
1934:
1876:
1760:
1715:
1709:
1687:
1665:
1640:
1624:Giovanni da Capistrano
1602:
1546:
1537:Separate congregations
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1503:Robert, King of Naples
1484:
1478:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1428:
1422:
1411:
1403:Conventual Franciscans
1373:
1364:
1339:
1333:
1323:
1266:Matthew of Aqua Sparta
1258:Pope Nicholas III
1236:), and his successor,
1211:
1204:
1141:
1090:
1068:
1050:
1015:
993:
928:
916:
831:
764:
660:Bernard of Quintavalle
644:
588:
475:
430:
425:
415:
402:
302:to seek approval from
233:
45:Orders of Friars Minor
9652:Order of Friars Minor
9306:Good Shepherd Sisters
9148:Holy See Press Office
8386:Doctors of the Church
8219:Immaculate Conception
8174:Anointing of the Sick
7709:History of the papacy
7402:Sisters of Holy Cross
7105:Sacred Heart Brothers
7075:Order of Friars Minor
6963:Legionaries of Christ
6800:
6408:(1983 Messiaen opera)
6185:Nativity scene (live)
6117:Order of Friars Minor
5932:Colettine Poor Clares
5897:Order of Friars Minor
5790:Rule of Saint Francis
5573:Order of Friars Minor
5172:Gilliat-Smith, Ernest
4632:Breaking In The Habit
4292:"Third Order Regular"
4108:"Witches in Religion"
4032:English translation 2
4021:English translation 1
3981:English translation 2
3970:English translation 1
3753:. Brill Archive. 1972
3726:English translation 2
3714:English translation 1
3577:Greyfriars in England
3464:Catholic Encyclopedia
3401:Catholic Encyclopedia
3371:Catholic Encyclopedia
3281:10.1353/tam.2014.0136
3253:Catholic Encyclopedia
3019:Breaking in the Habit
2979:to aid friars in the
2973:Bernardino de Sahagún
2785:
2737:
2684:
2642:Columbia Encyclopedia
2600:
2583:Incarnation of Christ
2426:The Community of the
2356:
2222:
2159:
2132:– founded 1410), the
2126:Colettine Poor Clares
2101:Order of Friars Minor
2042:
1998:
1963:Order of Friars Minor
1940:Order of Friars Minor
1929:
1922:Order of Friars Minor
1871:(capital city of the
1862:
1793:Spiritual Franciscans
1751:
1705:Fifth Lateran Council
1659:
1597:
1581:Minorites of Narbonne
1544:
1518:Ad conditorem canonum
1470:Bonagratia of Bergamo
1446:Ad conditorem canonum
1359:Franciscan friary in
1358:
1248:was intending at the
1238:Bonagratia of Bologna
1234:Pope Nicholas IV
1129:
1084:
1035:, for example, where
1016:Speculum perfectionis
966:
749:
727:the hands of Brother
694:Giovanni di San Paolo
638:Rule of Saint Francis
631:
497:Order of Friars Minor
413:
406:Name and demographics
390:
348:Rule of Saint Francis
334:" (formed 1517) and "
308:Rule of Saint Francis
285:Protestant Franciscan
257:Order of Friars Minor
227:
80:24 February 1209
9179:L'Osservatore Romano
9117:Role in civilisation
8843:Croatian and Serbian
8591:Episcopal conference
8553:St. Peter's Basilica
7911:Sexual abuse scandal
7867:Catholic Reformation
6916:De La Salle Brothers
6705:Discalced Carmelites
6316:(studio of El Greco)
6180:Sanctuary of Greccio
6127:Order of Saint Clare
5927:Capuchin Poor Clares
5724:, November 10, 2005)
5650:The Bancroft Library
5598:Order of Saint Clare
4915:. Cloverdale Books.
4856:The Franciscan Story
4769:Burr, David (2010).
4266:"Poor Clare Sisters"
4097:(Brill, 2011) p. 144
3869:on January 12, 2012.
3315:Catholic News Agency
2985:Geronimo de Mendieta
2659:Giuseppe Bastianelli
2593:Visions and stigmata
2575:, also known as the
2492:Order of St. Francis
2300:Hyacintha Mariscotti
2134:Capuchin Poor Clares
2069:Order of Saint Clare
1616:Council of Constance
1524:Quum inter nonnullos
1453:Quum inter nonnullos
1046:Pope Gregory IX
713:Francis's last years
569:religious institutes
476:Ordo Fratrum Minorum
431:Ordo Fratrum Minorum
344:religious institutes
281:Elizabeth of Hungary
265:Order of Saint Clare
51:Ordo Fratrum Minorum
9514:Neocatechumenal Way
9479:Charismatic Renewal
9193:Annuario Pontificio
8791:Particular churches
8467:Ecumenical councils
8239:Perpetual virginity
8074:Communitas perfecta
8018:Sermon on the Mount
6758:Servants of Charity
6651:Basilian Chouerites
6456:Francesco di Assisi
6397:Nobilissima Visione
6164:Canticle of the Sun
5964:Militia Immaculatae
5795:Rule of Saint Clare
5667:Digital Franciscans
5629:(official website).
5608:(official website).
4272:on 23 December 2016
4093:Prudlo, Donald S.,
3960:Brooke, pp. 100–101
3693:Pope Nicholas III.
3668:"Exiit qui seminat"
2938:Joseph of Cupertino
2810:Bernardino of Siena
2787:Bernardino of Siena
2633:. According to the
2578:Canticle of the Sun
2526:Old Catholic Church
2332:singleness of heart
2245:Among the men, the
2215:Third Order Regular
2161:Luchesius Modestini
2073:contemplative order
2071:, are members of a
2054:(1284–1344) in the
2050:, in a painting by
1931:Amadeus of Portugal
1873:Kingdom of Portugal
1867:(Saint Anthony) in
1823:Mexican Inquisition
1813:Spanish Inquisition
1620:Bernardino of Siena
1246:Pope Gregory X
1171:and the Franciscan
1154:University of Paris
1108:Crescentius of Jesi
959:Development to 1239
771:, the first German
666:of Rivo Torto near
590:Annuario Pontificio
576:Third Order Regular
378:Bernardino of Siena
163:Parent organization
46:
9351:Premonstratensians
7734:Ante-Nicene period
7612:Lists of Catholics
7370:Sisters of Charity
6951:Holy Ghost Fathers
6822:Albertine Brothers
6803:
6752:Premonstratensians
6645:Basilian Aleppians
6512:Madonna of Foligno
6374:(Reulein oratorio)
5672:2014-08-10 at the
5660:2014-09-02 at the
5640:Research resources
5635:(official website)
5625:2014-08-30 at the
5604:2021-09-16 at the
5587:(official website)
5581:(official website)
5575:(official website)
4687:Holy Name Province
4657:Holy Name Province
4507:2007-09-29 at the
4440:on 26 January 2017
4321:FranciscansTOR.org
4118:on August 12, 2018
4026:2012-01-12 at the
3975:2013-06-06 at the
3720:2011-11-01 at the
3625:2019-12-05 at the
3582:2008-07-05 at the
3528:2019-12-29 at the
3225:. 26 February 2013
3199:. 26 February 2013
2993:Juan de Torquemada
2957:Martín de Valencia
2942:Benedict Groeschel
2898:Pio of Pietrelcina
2890:Alexander of Hales
2818:John of Capistrano
2802:
2757:Alexander of Hales
2753:
2693:
2607:
2572:Laudes Creaturarum
2515:Diocese of Olympia
2500:Lesser Franciscans
2362:
2232:
2165:
2059:
2004:
1935:
1898:Martín de Valencia
1877:
1829:New World missions
1786:Codex Casanatensis
1761:
1679:John of Capistrano
1674:John of Capistrano
1666:
1603:
1547:
1491:Pietro Rainalducci
1474:Louis the Bavarian
1365:
1315:Ubertino of Casale
1142:
1104:Haymo of Faversham
1091:
1037:Alexander of Hales
994:
765:
645:
462:. This order is a
426:
403:
370:they are known as
283:. Several smaller
234:
44:
9634:
9633:
9044:
9043:
8437:
8260:
8259:
7952:
7929:
7928:
7921:COVID-19 pandemic
7891:French Revolution
7881:Thirty Years' War
7789:Islamic conquests
7702:Apostolic fathers
7637:
7552:
7551:
7279:Maryknoll Sisters
7216:Filippini Sisters
7128:Xaverian Brothers
6787:Trinitarian Order
6576:
6575:
6488:Clare and Francis
6448:Francis of Assisi
6413:Samstag aus Licht
6101:Francis of Assisi
6067:
6066:
5501:978-1-57659-196-3
5437:978-0-576-99216-9
5408:978-0-8014-6471-3
5378:978-1-57659-032-4
5350:978-0-8199-0921-3
5322:978-1-57659-079-9
5301:978-1-57659-155-0
5275:978-1-57659-086-7
5247:978-1-57659-069-0
5219:978-1-317-50467-2
5154:978-1-56548-172-5
5127:978-1-56548-114-5
5100:978-1-56548-113-8
5073:978-0-904287-62-2
5006:978-0-8199-0567-3
4978:978-0-8199-0408-9
4950:978-1-57659-065-2
4922:978-1-929569-23-6
4894:978-1-57659-083-6
4866:978-1-84748-141-2
4838:978-1-57659-084-3
4810:978-1-57659-002-7
4782:978-0-271-04138-4
4748:Arnald of Sarrant
3993:"Tierney, p. 181"
3738:978-0-521-78291-3
3483:www.newadvent.org
3293:Project MUSE
3068:Francis of Assisi
2886:François Rabelais
2828:, and historians
2814:William of Ockham
2773:David of Augsburg
2661:, a physician to
2619:Francis of Assisi
2528:. There are some
2358:Oswald Staniforth
2284:Greyfriars School
2240:Angela of Foligno
2148:– founded 1854).
2109:Rule of St. Clare
2093:Francis of Assisi
2067:, officially the
2000:Bernardino Ochino
1805:Bernard Délicieux
1801:Angelo da Clareno
1757:Bernard Délicieux
1571:Angelo da Clareno
1512:Quia vir reprobus
1479:Exiit qui seminat
1466:William of Ockham
1462:Michael of Cesena
1423:Exiit qui seminat
1412:Exivi de Paradiso
1394:Exiit qui seminat
1379:Pope Nicholas III
1374:Exiit qui seminat
1345:Michael of Cesena
1324:Exivi de paradiso
1319:Council of Vienne
1270:Pierre Jean Olivi
1254:Exiit qui seminat
1219:soon after 1260.
1217:David of Augsburg
1212:Expositio regulae
1150:Pope Alexander IV
1031:universities (in
983:Antonio de Pereda
941:Nuper charissimae
929:Sancia di Maiorca
921:Sancha of Majorca
887:. In 1272 sultan
756:Francis of Assisi
737:Francis of Assisi
720:Pope Honorius III
683:Pope Innocent III
501:Franciscan friars
423:Pope Honorius III
399:Francisco Ribalta
358:because of their
304:Pope Innocent III
253:Francis of Assisi
222:
221:
156:Massimo Fusarelli
99:Francis of Assisi
16:(Redirected from
9679:
9624:
9623:
9614:
9613:
9356:Redemptoristines
9204:Religious orders
9130:Anti-Catholicism
9080:Church buildings
8940:Catholic liturgy
8680:Consecrated life
8538:Apostolic Palace
8505:Synod of Bishops
8441:
8440:
8417:
8023:Ten Commandments
7956:
7955:
7938:
7839:Age of Discovery
7673:Great Commission
7641:
7640:
7625:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7556:
7555:
7542:
7541:
7448:Sisters of Mercy
7151:Apostolic Carmel
6603:
6596:
6589:
6580:
6579:
6568:
6567:
6358:(Suter oratorio)
6215:Literature about
6206:World Animal Day
6157:Works by Francis
6151:
6094:
6087:
6080:
6071:
6070:
6057:
6056:
6046:
6041:
6040:
5976:
5882:
5824:Minister General
5805:Franciscan Crown
5774:
5761:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5729:
5728:
5557:
5548:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5400:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5305:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5056:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4859:. Athena Press.
4849:
4847:
4845:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4689:. Archived from
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4659:. Archived from
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4600:
4594:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4523:. Archived from
4517:
4511:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4430:
4424:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4398:. Archived from
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4348:. Archived from
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4268:. Archived from
4262:
4256:
4255:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4114:. Archived from
4104:
4098:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4046:. Archived from
4040:
4034:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3946:. Archived from
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3919:. Archived from
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3880:
3871:
3870:
3865:. Archived from
3855:
3849:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3817:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3747:
3741:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3592:
3586:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3555:. Archived from
3549:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3520:
3511:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3334:
3319:
3318:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3039:Alonso de Posada
2965:Alonso de Molina
2914:Gabriele Allegra
2906:Pasquale Sarullo
2902:Maximilian Kolbe
2882:Anthony of Padua
2865:Jacopone da Todi
2857:Thomas of Celano
2806:Nicholas of Lyra
2799:
2798: 1400–1470
2796:
2765:John Duns Scotus
2747:
2746: 1214–1294
2744:
2709:Gabriele Allegra
2701:academic society
2686:Gabriele Allegra
2663:Pope Benedict XV
2574:
2532:, including the
2511:Washington state
2402:Episcopal Church
2398:Graymoor Sisters
2379:Francis of Paola
2372:Other tertiaries
2280:"Frank Richards"
2209:Minister General
2025:
1985:Maximilian Kolbe
1952:
1886:Nahuatl language
1819:Age of Discovery
1816:
1777:Pope Innocent IV
1765:Elias of Cortona
1718:
1712:
1690:
1688:Ut sacra minorum
1643:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1487:
1481:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1414:
1399:Joachim of Fiore
1383:Pope Innocent IV
1376:
1342:
1336:
1334:Quorundam exigit
1326:
1291:Raymond Gaufredi
1275:Raymond Gaufredi
1262:Arlotto of Prato
1214:
1207:
1188:Joachim of Fiore
1158:mendicant orders
1139:
1138: 1650–1660
1136:
1112:Pope Innocent IV
1100:Minister General
1071:
1053:
1042:Anthony of Padua
1025:Giovanni Parenti
1018:
991:
990: 1611–1678
988:
976:
975: 1195–1231
973:
968:Anthony of Padua
859:to announce the
836:
826:Elias of Cortona
822:Cardinal Ugolino
789:Agnellus of Pisa
769:Caesar of Speyer
729:Elias of Cortona
687:Bishop of Assisi
593:
478:
433:
420:
277:Anthony of Padua
245:religious orders
151:Minister General
141:
90:
88:
83:
61:
47:
43:
21:
9687:
9686:
9682:
9681:
9680:
9678:
9677:
9676:
9637:
9636:
9635:
9630:
9608:
9600:
9579:
9562:Relief Services
9528:
9474:Catholic Action
9464:Military orders
9401:Confraternities
9393:of the faithful
9392:
9385:
9207:
9198:
9134:
9040:
8934:
8793:
8785:
8718:Prior, Prioress
8674:
8567:
8563:Vatican Museums
8514:
8447:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8421:
8416:
8410:
8335:
8289:Social teaching
8256:
8195:
8140:
8095:One true church
8059:
8036:Sixtine Vulgate
8032:Official Bible
7946:
7942:
7937:
7925:
7843:
7775:
7720:
7690:Petrine primacy
7633:
7629:
7624:
7616:
7588:
7586:Catholic Church
7583:
7553:
7548:
7536:
7518:
7442:Sisters of Life
7133:
7087:Pauline Fathers
7010:Marist Brothers
6804:
6792:
6776:TOR Franciscans
6620:
6618:
6612:
6607:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6556:
6494:
6419:
6384:
6327:
6228:
6210:
6189:
6168:
6152:
6143:
6103:
6098:
6068:
6063:
6051:
6044:
6028:
5974:
5968:
5959:Order of Minims
5889:
5883:
5874:
5778:
5772:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5714:
5674:Wayback Machine
5662:Wayback Machine
5642:
5627:Wayback Machine
5615:
5606:Wayback Machine
5594:
5569:
5564:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5478:
5476:
5466:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5302:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5141:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5114:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5087:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5060:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4759:
4757:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4710:
4705:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4675:
4666:
4664:
4649:
4645:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4612:
4610:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4591:Howard F. Cline
4586:
4582:
4573:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4541:. Answers.com.
4537:
4536:
4532:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4509:Wayback Machine
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4461:
4459:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4434:"Living Simply"
4432:
4431:
4427:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4380:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4330:
4328:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4174:Tablet Magazine
4168:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4135:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4028:Wayback Machine
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3977:Wayback Machine
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3881:
3874:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3803:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3722:Wayback Machine
3712:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3674:on July 3, 2019
3666:
3665:
3661:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3631:
3627:Wayback Machine
3618:
3614:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3584:Wayback Machine
3575:
3571:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3534:
3530:Wayback Machine
3521:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3413:
3409:
3390:
3379:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3265:
3261:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3177:
3175:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3114:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3035:
3015:Catholic priest
2969:Andrés de Olmos
2930:Angelico Chavez
2926:Mychal F. Judge
2822:Oliver Maillard
2797:
2745:
2732:
2730:Notable members
2688:(1907–1976) of
2679:
2649:. According to
2595:
2555:
2550:
2476:Anglican Church
2472:Oxford Movement
2468:
2462:
2423:
2394:Graymoor Friars
2374:
2351:
2316:
2217:
2211:based in Rome.
2191:
2171:
2154:
2089:Clare of Assisi
2081:Catholic Church
2044:Clare of Assisi
2037:
2032:
1993:
1971:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1857:
1833:Main articles:
1831:
1810:
1769:Pope Gregory IX
1746:
1738:Main articles:
1736:
1685:issued a bull (
1654:
1628:Dietrich Coelde
1592:
1583:
1563:
1539:
1429:Quia nonnunquam
1353:
1303:
1250:Council of Lyon
1230:
1225:
1178:The Franciscan
1137:
1079:
989:
974:
961:
956:
946:The Franciscan
933:Pope Clement VI
919:) and his wife
917:Roberto d'Angiò
909:Robert of Anjou
849:
843:
813:
715:
642:Benozzo Gozzoli
626:
621:
574:Members of the
553:, known as the
549:The Franciscan
547:
532:
467:religious order
452:
444:religious habit
408:
316:Clare of Assisi
273:Clare of Assisi
249:Catholic Church
215:
214:Formerly called
204:
199:
183:
168:Catholic Church
164:
152:
144:Peace and good
142:
139:
133:
123:
86:
84:
81:
64:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9685:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9618:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9580:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9538:
9536:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9509:Legion of Mary
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9457:
9447:
9446:
9445:
9438:Lay Carmelites
9435:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9397:
9395:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9286:Conceptionists
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9221:Assumptionists
9217:
9215:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9196:
9189:
9182:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9150:
9144:
9142:
9136:
9135:
9133:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9088:
9087:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9066:
9065:
9054:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9035:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8986:
8985:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8944:
8942:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8932:
8931:
8930:
8925:
8923:Syro-Malankara
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8873:Italo-Albanian
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8805:
8799:
8797:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8761:
8756:
8755:
8754:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8727:
8722:
8721:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8691:
8684:
8682:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8656:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8600:
8599:
8598:
8593:
8582:
8580:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8543:Lateran Treaty
8540:
8535:
8530:
8524:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8490:
8489:
8488:
8483:
8469:
8464:
8455:
8453:
8438:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8345:
8343:
8337:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8326:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8304:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8279:Moral theology
8276:
8270:
8268:
8262:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8254:
8249:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8205:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8150:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8138:
8133:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8109:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8097:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8051:
8050:
8043:
8038:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7962:
7960:
7953:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7864:
7853:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7794:Pope Gregory I
7791:
7785:
7783:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7766:Biblical canon
7763:
7761:Late antiquity
7758:
7757:
7756:
7751:
7741:
7736:
7730:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7706:
7705:
7704:
7697:Church fathers
7694:
7693:
7692:
7687:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7649:
7647:
7638:
7631:Ecclesiastical
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7559:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7534:
7532:Catholic laity
7523:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7488:
7482:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7445:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7299:
7294:
7288:
7282:
7276:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7232:Hijas de Jesús
7229:
7224:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7125:
7119:
7113:
7107:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7049:
7043:
7037:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7013:
7007:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6977:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6871:
6865:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6824:
6819:
6816:Adorno Fathers
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6784:
6778:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6744:
6738:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6714:
6708:
6702:
6696:
6690:
6684:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6654:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6633:Assumptionists
6630:
6624:
6622:
6614:
6613:
6606:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6583:
6574:
6573:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6518:Wolf of Gubbio
6515:
6508:
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5978:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5944:
5939:
5937:Conceptionists
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5855:
5850:
5847:Monte di Pietá
5843:
5838:
5833:
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5831:
5821:
5820:
5819:
5809:
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5797:
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5610:
5609:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:External links
5560:
5559:
5558:
5549:
5531:(2): 249–267.
5514:
5513:
5500:
5485:
5465:978-0888440334
5464:
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5407:
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5321:
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5287:
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5218:
5203:
5191:978-0665656316
5190:
5168:
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5126:
5112:
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5085:
5072:
5046:
5034:978-0809124466
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5018:
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4990:
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4781:
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4732:978-9728386030
4731:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4673:
4643:
4619:
4595:
4580:
4555:
4530:
4527:on 2007-11-30.
4512:
4490:
4468:
4425:
4412:
4387:
4362:
4337:
4308:
4283:
4257:
4239:
4218:10.2307/978514
4192:
4179:
4161:
4129:
4099:
4086:
4053:
4050:on 2013-06-03.
4035:
4013:
4011:Brooke, p. 101
4004:
3984:
3962:
3953:
3950:on 2014-06-06.
3935:
3933:Brooke, p. 100
3926:
3923:on 2014-06-06.
3908:
3896:978-0415939300
3895:
3872:
3850:
3837:
3801:
3789:978-0814655221
3788:
3776:Klaus Schatz,
3763:
3742:
3706:
3685:
3659:
3641:
3612:
3587:
3569:
3544:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3470:
3447:
3435:
3429:978-1576591956
3428:
3407:
3377:
3354:
3320:
3302:
3275:(2): 379–380.
3259:
3236:
3210:
3184:
3160:
3133:
3112:
3109:on 2014-02-22.
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3034:
3031:
3006:, an American
2918:Junipero Serra
2910:Mamerto Esquiú
2812:, philosopher
2791:Jacopo Bellini
2731:
2728:
2678:
2675:
2605:of St. Francis
2603:stigmatization
2594:
2591:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2464:Main article:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2449:United Nations
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2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2390:
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2296:ecclesiastical
2216:
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2190:
2187:
2183:secular clergy
2167:Main article:
2153:
2150:
2052:Simone Martini
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
1992:
1989:
1970:
1967:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1869:Rio de Janeiro
1843:Junipero Serra
1830:
1827:
1795:and even some
1779:in 1252 while
1735:
1732:
1710:usus moderatus
1693:Pope Sixtus IV
1653:
1650:
1646:Peter Caperolo
1591:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1562:
1559:
1538:
1535:
1530:Quia quorundam
1485:Quia quorundam
1417:Pope John XXII
1407:Pope Clement V
1352:
1349:
1329:Pope John XXII
1307:Pope Clement V
1302:
1299:
1264:(1285–87) and
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1169:Thomas Aquinas
1106:(1240–44) and
1096:Albert of Pisa
1078:
1075:
981:, painting by
960:
957:
955:
952:
937:Gratias agimus
901:Holy Sepulchre
869:Malik al-Kamil
845:Main article:
842:
839:
812:
809:
741:Sacro Convento
714:
711:
689:, Guido, then
625:
622:
620:
617:
609:
608:
605:
602:
599:
584:
583:
580:religious vows
572:
546:
543:
531:
528:
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526:
515:
504:
456:Seraphic Order
451:
448:
417:Regula bullata
407:
404:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
201:OFM Conventual
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9557:Home Missions
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9450:Saint Francis
9448:
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9433:Saint Dominic
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9246:Bethlehemites
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9168:Vatican Radio
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9153:Vatican Media
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8478:
8477:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8450:List of popes
8446:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8413:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
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8350:
8347:
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8342:
8338:
8330:
8327:
8325:
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8320:
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8309:
8308:
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8300:
8297:
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8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8253:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8234:Mother of God
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8204:
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8198:
8192:
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8180:
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8151:
8149:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8119:People of God
8117:
8115:
8114:
8110:
8108:
8107:Infallibility
8105:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
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8021:
8019:
8016:
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8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7983:Body and soul
7981:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7950:
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7932:
7922:
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7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7886:Enlightenment
7884:
7882:
7879:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7857:Protestantism
7855:
7854:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7834:Scholasticism
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7819:Schism (1378)
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7804:Schism (1054)
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
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7772:
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7759:
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7560:
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7529:
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7524:
7521:
7515:
7514:White Sisters
7512:
7509:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7477:
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7142:
7140:
7136:
7129:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7094:
7093:Redemptorists
7091:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6926:
6923:
6920:
6917:
6914:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6890:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6807:
6799:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6764:Servite Order
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6706:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6682:
6679:
6676:
6673:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6615:
6611:
6604:
6599:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6571:
6566:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:(1938 ballet)
6399:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6363:Légende No. 1
6360:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6281:São Francisco
6278:
6275:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6109:Organisations
6106:
6102:
6095:
6090:
6088:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5881:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5776:
5775:
5773:Saint Francis
5766:
5762:
5753:
5748:
5746:
5741:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5555:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5503:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5486:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5450:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5422:
5410:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5391:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5363:
5352:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5335:
5324:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5277:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5249:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5232:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5204:
5193:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5129:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5102:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5075:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5036:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5019:
5008:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4980:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4935:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4907:
4896:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4868:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4851:
4840:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4795:
4784:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4734:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4693:on 2022-12-08
4692:
4688:
4684:
4677:
4663:on 2022-12-02
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4478:
4472:
4458:on 2017-01-03
4457:
4453:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4422:
4419:For example,
4416:
4402:on 2010-09-02
4401:
4397:
4391:
4377:on 2013-07-23
4376:
4372:
4366:
4352:on 2018-12-19
4351:
4347:
4341:
4327:on 2008-07-23
4326:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4298:on 2013-06-09
4297:
4293:
4287:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4017:
4008:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3877:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3847:
3841:
3827:on 2013-05-22
3826:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:Papal Primacy
3777:
3770:
3768:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3696:
3689:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3655:
3654:newadvent.org
3651:
3645:
3638:
3637:public domain
3628:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3602:on 2013-06-15
3601:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3559:on 2019-07-09
3558:
3554:
3548:
3541:
3540:public domain
3531:
3527:
3524:
3519:
3517:
3507:
3498:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3451:
3444:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3358:
3344:on 2013-05-27
3343:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3240:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2740:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2667:Amico Bignami
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:Giorgio Festa
2652:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:Protestantism
2518:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2310:(1819–1876).
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2238:way of life.
2237:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:Pope Leo XIII
2198:
2197:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:constitutions
2119:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2027:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:Pope Leo XIII
1951:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1781:John of Parma
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1670:Pope Martin V
1663:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1295:John de Murro
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1205:Legenda maior
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:John of Parma
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:John of Parma
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
984:
980:
979:Infant Christ
969:
965:
951:
949:
944:
942:
938:
935:by the Bulls
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
857:Fifth Crusade
854:
848:
838:
835:
834:
827:
823:
819:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
762:
758:
757:
753:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
710:
708:
704:
700:
699:Matthew Paris
695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
643:
639:
635:
630:
616:
614:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
591:
581:
577:
573:
570:
566:
565:
560:
559:
558:
556:
552:
542:
539:
538:
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
502:
498:
494:
493:
492:
488:
486:
482:
477:
472:
468:
465:
461:
457:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
424:
419:
418:
412:
400:
396:
394:
393:Saint Francis
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Pope Leo XIII
337:
333:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
231:
226:
217:
211:
207:
202:
197:
194:
190:
186:
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
166:
160:
157:
154:
148:
145:
138:
135:
129:
125:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
79:
75:
71:
67:
60:
55:
48:
40:
33:
19:
9596:Universities
9428:Third orders
9391:Associations
9381:Visitandines
9376:Trinitarians
9326:Mercedarians
9311:Hieronymites
9300:
9256:Camaldoleses
9241:Benedictines
9231:Augustinians
9191:
9184:
9177:
9158:Vatican News
9112:Distinctions
8918:Syro-Malabar
8803:Latin Church
8725:Grand master
8623:Metropolitan
8520:Vatican City
8415:Organisation
8294:Philosophers
8159:Confirmation
8136:In canon law
8130:Subsistit in
8128:
8124:Three states
8111:
8072:
8065:Ecclesiology
8047:Nova Vulgata
8045:
8003:Original sin
7998:Nicene Creed
7988:Divine grace
7947:
7829:Universities
7799:Papal States
7726:Great Church
7668:Resurrection
7645:Early Church
7528:Third orders
7016:Mechitarists
6827:Augustinians
6729:Mercedarians
6716:
6663:Bridgettines
6657:Benedictines
6549:
6538:Pope Francis
6510:
6491: (2007)
6486:
6483: (2002)
6478:
6475: (1989)
6470:
6467: (1972)
6462:
6459: (1966)
6454:
6451: (1961)
6446:
6443: (1950)
6438:
6435: (1918)
6430:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6377:
6369:
6362:
6353:
6345:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6268:(Caravaggio)
6263:
6260:(Caravaggio)
6255:
6252:(Caravaggio)
6247:
6244:(Caravaggio)
6239:
6221:
6108:
6042:
5857:
5845:
5771:
5758:
5721:
5592:Second Order
5553:
5528:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5505:. Retrieved
5490:
5477:. Retrieved
5454:
5441:. Retrieved
5426:
5412:. Retrieved
5396:
5382:. Retrieved
5367:
5354:. Retrieved
5339:
5326:. Retrieved
5311:
5291:
5279:. Retrieved
5264:
5251:. Retrieved
5236:
5223:. Retrieved
5208:
5195:. Retrieved
5176:
5158:. Retrieved
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5062:
5057:– 4 volumes
5051:
5038:. Retrieved
5023:
5010:. Retrieved
4995:
4982:. Retrieved
4967:
4954:. Retrieved
4939:
4926:. Retrieved
4911:
4898:. Retrieved
4883:
4870:. Retrieved
4855:
4842:. Retrieved
4827:
4814:. Retrieved
4799:
4786:. Retrieved
4771:
4758:. Retrieved
4752:
4736:. Retrieved
4721:
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4711:
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4691:the original
4686:
4676:
4665:. Retrieved
4661:the original
4656:
4646:
4635:. Retrieved
4631:
4622:
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4607:
4598:
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4558:
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4515:
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4340:
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4325:the original
4320:
4311:
4300:. Retrieved
4296:the original
4286:
4274:. Retrieved
4270:the original
4260:
4251:
4242:
4212:(1): 13–30.
4209:
4206:The Americas
4205:
4195:
4187:
4182:
4173:
4164:
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4139:
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4116:the original
4111:
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4094:
4089:
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4068:
4048:the original
4038:
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3987:
3965:
3956:
3948:the original
3938:
3929:
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3911:
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3885:
3867:the original
3862:
3853:
3845:
3840:
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3825:the original
3793:. Retrieved
3779:
3775:
3755:. Retrieved
3745:
3729:
3709:
3698:. Retrieved
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3662:
3653:
3644:
3615:
3604:. Retrieved
3600:the original
3590:
3572:
3561:. Retrieved
3557:the original
3547:
3506:
3497:
3486:. Retrieved
3482:
3473:
3462:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3418:
3410:
3399:
3369:
3357:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:the original
3314:
3305:
3272:
3269:The Americas
3268:
3262:
3251:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3222:
3213:
3201:. Retrieved
3196:
3187:
3176:. Retrieved
3172:
3163:
3152:. Retrieved
3150:. 2024-01-18
3145:
3136:
3107:the original
3026:
3022:
3018:
3001:
2950:
2934:Anton Docher
2879:
2872:
2854:
2838:
2834:Antoine Pagi
2830:Luke Wadding
2826:Michel Menot
2816:, preachers
2803:
2754:
2717:
2694:
2640:
2634:
2608:
2576:
2566:
2563:original sin
2556:
2553:Spirituality
2542:
2519:
2504:
2469:
2452:
2363:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2292:
2288:Billy Bunter
2275:The Newcomes
2273:
2267:
2259:
2244:
2233:
2205:Pope Paul VI
2194:
2192:
2174:
2172:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2030:Second Order
2018:Matteo Bassi
2013:
2007:
2005:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1878:
1809:
1790:
1785:
1762:
1752:
1725:
1720:
1667:
1635:
1604:
1584:
1564:
1548:
1459:
1393:
1391:
1366:
1304:
1253:
1231:
1223:14th century
1177:
1162:Alexander IV
1146:Frederick II
1143:
1117:
1094:in favor of
1092:
1065:
1051:Quo elongati
1029:
1008:
1003:
995:
945:
940:
936:
885:Via Dolorosa
873:Christianity
850:
814:
766:
752:Honorius III
750:
716:
676:
664:leper colony
657:
649:Matthew 10:9
646:
634:Innocent III
610:
585:
575:
562:
548:
535:
533:
530:Second Order
522:
511:
500:
489:
484:
480:
473:name is the
459:
455:
453:
439:
435:
427:
391:
371:
355:
351:
328:First Orders
324:
312:Jesus Christ
297:
295:traditions.
263:such as the
237:
235:
206:OFM Capuchin
175:Subsidiaries
143:
137:Pax et bonum
136:
122:Membership
113:Headquarters
69:Abbreviation
9647:Franciscans
9586:Health care
9572:Pax Christi
9524:Schoenstatt
9489:Sant'Egidio
9321:Legionaries
9301:Franciscans
9276:Cistercians
9271:Carthusians
9226:Annonciades
9085:Altarpieces
8978:West Syriac
8973:East Syriac
8953:Alexandrian
8577:Holy orders
8558:Swiss Guard
8498:Dicasteries
8493:Roman Curia
8391:Evangelists
8349:Holy Family
8284:Personalism
8274:Natural law
8252:Josephology
8186:Holy orders
7824:Inquisition
7781:Middle Ages
7771:Monasticism
7739:Constantine
7663:Crucifixion
7335:Poor Clares
7081:Passionists
6940:Gabrielites
6717:Franciscans
6687:Cistercians
6681:Carthusians
6480:St. Francis
6371:Laudato si'
6284:(Gonçalves)
6014:Clement XIV
5994:Nicholas IV
5922:Poor Clares
5777:(1181–1226)
5760:Franciscans
5722:In Our Time
5613:Third Order
5567:First Order
5117:The Prophet
5090:The Founder
4154:12 November
2955:, included
2877:, xi. 50).
2861:Bonaventure
2769:Roger Bacon
2761:Bonaventure
2739:Roger Bacon
2651:Answers.com
2507:Puget Sound
2496:Third Order
2416:Immaculate.
2152:Third Order
2114:Innocent IV
2097:Palm Sunday
2064:Poor Clares
2048:Poor Clares
2035:Poor Clares
1917:First Order
1740:Inquisition
1716:usus arctus
1681:'s request
1652:Unification
1575:Pope Pius V
1472:. In 1324,
1301:Persecution
1279:Celestine V
1215:written by
1173:Bonaventure
1131:Bonaventure
1089:in Portugal
1061:Monte Sefro
1011:Brother Leo
977:) with the
679:Peter Waldo
653:Evangelical
551:third order
545:Third Order
537:Poor Clares
460:Franciscans
450:First Order
382:Cistercians
373:Bernardines
332:Conventuals
320:Poor Clares
238:Franciscans
232:(1223–1224)
9641:Categories
9341:Oratorians
9296:Dominicans
9266:Carmelites
9261:Camillians
9209:institutes
9022:Tridentine
8958:Antiochian
8878:Macedonian
8823:Belarusian
8713:Provincial
8628:Archbishop
8548:Roman Rota
8510:Properties
8435:By country
8431:Precedence
8396:Confessors
8376:Archangels
8366:Patriarchs
8266:Philosophy
8244:Veneration
8209:Assumption
8179:Last rites
8146:Sacraments
8090:Four marks
7901:Vatican II
7849:Modern era
7685:Succession
7526:See also:
7167:Brigidines
6957:Josephites
6945:Holy Cross
6906:(OFM Conv)
6892:Claretians
6851:Camillians
6833:Barnabites
6711:Dominicans
6675:Carmelites
6669:Canossians
6432:Frate Sole
6324:(Zurbarán)
6300:(van Eyck)
6292:(Zurbarán)
6289:St Francis
6233:Visual art
6024:John XXIII
5984:Gregory IX
5890:and groups
4697:2023-01-18
4667:2023-01-18
4637:2023-01-18
4613:2023-01-18
4574:2019-10-25
4549:2013-06-16
4483:29 January
4462:2017-01-22
4444:21 January
4406:2010-07-20
4381:2013-06-16
4356:2018-12-18
4331:2007-07-10
4302:2013-06-16
4276:9 December
4149:1410824809
4122:October 1,
4112:New Advent
4079:October 1,
4069:New Advent
3998:2024-08-29
3902:2024-08-29
3831:2013-06-16
3795:2024-08-29
3757:2013-06-16
3700:2013-06-16
3678:January 5,
3606:2013-06-16
3563:2019-12-29
3488:2020-04-19
3348:2013-06-16
3178:2022-05-09
3154:2024-02-25
3080:References
3043:New Mexico
3008:Franciscan
3004:Casey Cole
2627:physicians
2343:Pope Leo X
2304:Napoleonic
2124:, are the
2085:Franciscan
1797:Observants
1773:Dominicans
1641:cappuciola
1612:Fraticelli
1555:Fraticelli
1283:Celestines
1242:Spirituals
999:Gregory IX
897:Mount Zion
797:Canterbury
793:Greyfriars
787:. In 1224
773:provincial
624:Beginnings
521:or simply
510:or simply
384:instead.
356:greyfriars
267:, and the
192:Secessions
87:1209-02-24
32:Minorities
18:Franciscan
9582:See also:
9534:Charities
9443:Discalced
9371:Trappists
9366:Theatines
9336:Olivetans
9281:Clarisses
9251:Blue nuns
9236:Basilians
9213:societies
9121:See also:
9007:Mozarabic
8997:Ambrosian
8983:Malankara
8968:Byzantine
8928:Ukrainian
8903:Ruthenian
8868:Hungarian
8853:Ethiopian
8828:Bulgarian
8795:sui iuris
8779:Postulant
8688:Religious
8643:Auxiliary
8638:Coadjutor
8608:Patriarch
8476:Cardinals
8423:Canon law
8419:Hierarchy
8401:Disciples
8324:Relations
8312:Evolution
8303:See also:
8248:See also:
8201:Mariology
8191:Matrimony
8164:Eucharist
8085:Ecumenism
8013:Salvation
7949:Catechism
7944:Tradition
7906:Communism
7754:Chalcedon
7508:Ursulines
7210:Felicians
7110:Salesians
6864:(OFM Cap)
6862:Capuchins
6839:Basilians
6781:Trappists
6523:Discalced
6472:Francesco
6350:(Sowerby)
6308:(Bellini)
6004:Julius II
5999:Sixtus IV
5989:Gregory X
5800:Tau Cross
5545:144234605
5474:0082-5328
5063:The Saint
4502:Padre Pio
4421:the OSFOC
4234:144573605
3289:142650555
3229:7 January
3203:7 January
2705:Hong Kong
2671:diagnosis
2623:Padre Pio
2587:Eucharist
2387:Julius II
2377:In 1435,
2269:Pendennis
2264:Thackeray
2236:ascetical
1981:OFM Conv.
1959:Discalced
1950:custodiae
1906:New Spain
1896:, led by
1697:Julius II
1683:Eugene IV
1662:Przeworsk
1392:Although
1273:general,
1228:1274–1300
1166:Dominican
1077:1239–1274
1004:Poverello
905:Bethlehem
855:with the
735:in which
632:Dream of
613:Tau cross
586:The 2013
523:Minorites
512:Capuchins
485:Minorites
464:mendicant
368:Lithuania
352:minorites
336:Capuchins
242:mendicant
77:Formation
9626:Category
9519:Opus Dei
9504:Scouting
9494:Focolare
9361:Servites
9346:Piarists
9291:Crosiers
9027:Anglican
8963:Armenian
8893:Romanian
8883:Maronite
8858:Georgian
8848:Eritrean
8833:Chaldean
8818:Armenian
8813:Albanian
8694:Superior
8653:Emeritus
8633:Diocesan
8486:Advisers
8445:Holy See
8371:Prophets
8329:Politics
8100:Catholic
8080:Councils
7935:Theology
7814:Crusades
7749:Nicaea I
7680:Apostles
7658:Ministry
7627:Timeline
7607:Glossary
6910:Crosiers
6754:(OPraem)
6731:(O de M)
6628:Alexians
6546:" (poem)
6355:Le Laudi
6276:(Giotto)
6045:Category
6009:Sixtus V
5670:Archived
5658:Archived
5623:Archived
5602:Archived
5517:Articles
5174:(1914).
4750:(2010).
4568:Archived
4543:Archived
4505:Archived
4145:ProQuest
4073:Archived
4024:Archived
3973:Archived
3848:, p. 100
3844:Brooke,
3740:, p. 98.
3718:Archived
3623:Archived
3580:Archived
3526:Archived
3033:See also
2874:Paradiso
2647:hysteria
2631:infected
2611:stigmata
2559:doctrine
2524:and the
2509:area of
2408:in 1909.
2406:Holy See
2278:) or of
2179:monastic
2138:OSC Cap.
2014:OFM Cap.
1890:Tetzcoco
1664:, Poland
1551:Beghards
1495:antipope
1440:dominium
1409:'s bull
1387:Holy See
1363:, Poland
1361:Katowice
1196:Narbonne
865:Saracens
783:and the
777:Augsburg
707:tonsured
691:Cardinal
376:, after
293:Lutheran
289:Anglican
9591:Schools
9547:Caritas
9455:Secular
9421:Workers
9316:Jesuits
9102:Museums
9097:Library
9075:Writers
9070:Artists
9050:Culture
9017:Paul VI
8898:Russian
8888:Melkite
8730:Brother
8708:General
8648:Titular
8618:Primate
8596:Eparchy
8586:Diocese
8533:Outline
8472:College
8462:Francis
8406:Virgins
8381:Martyrs
8307:Science
8214:History
8169:Penance
8154:Baptism
8055:Worship
8028:Vulgate
7976:Kingdom
7971:Trinity
7959:General
7714:Primacy
7622:History
7602:Outline
7089:(OSPPE)
6689:(OCist)
6683:(OCart)
6677:(OCarm)
6499:Related
6365:(Liszt)
6173:Created
5783:General
4708:Sources
4608:YouTube
4252:ofm.org
2977:Nahuatl
2842:Cimabue
2724:Beijing
2474:in the
2290:fame).
2251:hermits
2079:in the
1607:Foligno
1600:Croatia
1561:Clareni
1499:Bologna
1434:Perugia
1369:poverty
1311:Avignon
1069:Zelanti
925:Italian
913:Italian
903:and in
893:Cenacle
889:Baibars
863:to the
833:Zelanti
724:Ugolino
619:History
483:or the
247:of the
230:Subiaco
140:(Latin)
95:Founder
85: (
9469:Fimcap
9411:Marian
9331:Minims
9063:Marian
8913:Syriac
8908:Slovak
8838:Coptic
8774:Oblate
8769:Master
8764:Novice
8759:Hermit
8747:Sister
8703:Abbess
8670:Deacon
8665:Priest
8660:Parish
8603:Bishop
8573:Polity
8359:Joseph
8341:Saints
8008:Saints
7896:Nazism
7349:(RSCJ)
7326:(ODNC)
7320:(OMVF)
7287:(SMIC)
7212:(CSSF)
7186:(FHIC)
7180:(CSST)
7174:(CSIC)
7138:Female
7124:(FSSR)
7095:(CSsR)
7071:(OSFS)
7036:(MSFS)
7024:(MCCI)
6953:(CSSp)
6936:(MFVA)
6882:(CICM)
6789:(OSST)
6783:(OCSO)
6701:(SSCC)
6671:(FDCC)
6665:(OSsS)
6621:female
6194:Honors
6036:
6019:Pius X
5888:Orders
5841:Assisi
5812:Custos
5681:Order.
5543:
5507:30 May
5498:
5479:31 May
5472:
5462:
5443:30 May
5434:
5414:30 May
5405:
5384:30 May
5375:
5356:30 May
5347:
5328:30 May
5319:
5298:
5281:30 May
5272:
5253:30 May
5244:
5225:30 May
5216:
5197:31 May
5188:
5160:30 May
5151:
5133:30 May
5124:
5106:30 May
5097:
5079:30 May
5070:
5040:30 May
5031:
5012:30 May
5003:
4984:30 May
4975:
4956:30 May
4947:
4928:30 May
4919:
4900:30 May
4891:
4872:30 May
4863:
4844:30 May
4835:
4816:30 May
4807:
4788:30 May
4779:
4760:31 May
4738:31 May
4729:
4232:
4226:978514
4224:
4147:
3893:
3786:
3736:
3426:
3297:555981
3295:
3287:
2991:, and
2971:, and
2863:, and
2850:Assisi
2846:Giotto
2824:, and
2763:, and
2699:as an
2536:, the
2383:Minims
2023:capuce
1882:Cortés
1853:, and
1721:pauper
1626:, and
1567:Ancona
1527:, and
1468:, and
1305:Under
1021:Assisi
861:Gospel
805:Oxford
801:London
785:Danube
672:Umbria
668:Assisi
481:friars
440:minori
436:Majori
364:Poland
279:, and
208:(1520)
203:(1517)
198:(1897)
187:(1447)
182:(1221)
9567:CIDSE
9416:Youth
9140:Media
9107:Music
9032:Zaire
9012:Roman
9002:Braga
8992:Latin
8863:Greek
8735:Friar
8699:Abbot
8613:Major
8528:Index
8427:Laity
7993:Dogma
7940:Bible
7916:Islam
7872:Trent
7653:Jesus
7635:Legal
7597:Index
7510:(OSU)
7504:(SSS)
7498:(sss)
7487:(SPC)
7481:(RSJ)
7450:(RSM)
7398:(RGS)
7361:(SSJ)
7355:(RVM)
7337:(OSC)
7304:(MSC)
7293:(ICM)
7275:(MSC)
7264:(LGC)
7218:(MPF)
7147:(ASC)
7130:(CFX)
7118:(SJM)
7112:(SDB)
7101:(RCJ)
7077:(OFM)
7065:(OMV)
7059:(OMI)
7048:(MSC)
7042:(MOP)
7018:(CAM)
7012:(FMS)
7006:(SSE)
7000:(SVD)
6976:(MIC)
6959:(SSJ)
6947:(CSC)
6930:(CFR)
6924:(OAD)
6918:(FSC)
6912:(OSC)
6900:(CST)
6894:(CMF)
6888:(SSS)
6876:(CDD)
6870:(CFC)
6847:(FDM)
6841:(CSB)
6829:(OSA)
6818:(CRM)
6766:(OSM)
6725:(IVE)
6719:(OFM)
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