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662:, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 165: "During the 1850s German ... scientists conducted a controversy known ... as the materialistic controversy. It was specially associated with the names of Vogt, Moleschott and Büchner" and p. 173: "Frenchmen were surprised to see Büchner and Vogt. ... he French were surprised at German materialism".
607:, had attended the congress of the "International Federation of Freethinkers" held in London from 25 to 27 September 1881, the following day they visited Darwin on 28 September. Aveling published a full account of his visit in the National Reformer in 1882.
502:
Büchner is not always clear in his theory of the relation between matter and force. At one time he refuses to explain it, but generally he assumes that all natural and spiritual forces are indwelling in matter. Just as a
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would no longer apply or at least be replaced with purely intellectual struggles, and war would end. To achieve this, Büchner advocated government social programs which would aid greater equality, including the
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535:. But in other parts of his works he suggests that mind and matter are two different aspects of that which is the basis of all things, a monism which is not necessarily materialistic.
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Ludwig Büchner was born in the family of Ernst Karl Büchner, a senior medical councilor and court doctor in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Ludwig was the younger brother of
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complex of force-bearing substance in an animal organism produces a total sum of certain effects, which, when bound together in a unity, are called by us
583:
in 1869 about what he felt were
Darwinism's implications. He believed that this included humanity moving into a kinder state of being, where a primitive
964:
997:
959:
740:
190:
Beiträge zur Hall'schen Lehre von einem excitomotorischen
Nervensystem (Contributions to the Hallerian Theory of an Excitomotor Nervous System)
847:
Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche
Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914
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456:" ("Deutsche Freidenkerbund"). Being politically active, Büchner was a member of the second chamber of the Landstände of the
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992:
378:. He practiced as a physician and contributed regularly to pathological, physiological and popular magazines.
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Modern
Christian apologists consider Büchner the father of atheistic evangelism in Germany, a counterpart to
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of this work, which contemporaries often lumped together with the publications of other 'materialists' like
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was imbued with a fanatical enthusiasm for humanity. Büchner sought to demonstrate the indestructibility of
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Büchner was much less concerned to establish a scientific metaphysics than to protest against the romantic
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798:"A Visit to Charles Darwin" The National Reformer, Vol. XL.—No.18. NS., October 22, 1882,pp.-274.
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Social
Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860-1945 Nature as Model and Nature as Threat
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531:. Here he postulates force and mind as emanating from original matter, a materialistic
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In estimating Büchner's philosophy it must be remembered that he was primarily a
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Lerner, Franz (1960). "Die ersten
Mitglieder des Freien Deutschen Hochstifts".
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He continued his philosophical work in defense of materialism, and published
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741:"Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte – Zugang zu Quellen & Materialien"
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Tatsachen und
Theorien aus dem naturwissenschaftlichen Leben der Gegenwart
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Der
Fortschritt in Natur und Geschichte im Lichte der Darwinschen Theorie
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Members of the Second
Chamber of the Estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
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908:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 719.
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810:"Materialismusstreit: 1855 erschien Ludwig Büchners „Kraft und Stoff""
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Beiträge zur Hall'schen Lehre von einem excitomotorischen
Nervensystem
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The Secularization of the European Mind in the Nineteenth Century
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Ludwig Büchner's materialism was the founding ground for the
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Fremdes und Eigenes aus dem geistligen Leben der Gegenwart
285:, where he graduated in 1848 with a dissertation entitled
777:, issue 696, p. 280, gives 30 April as the date of death.
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Strangers and Selves in the Spiritual Life of the Present
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within a decade of its first issuance, writing the book
333:, 1855). Büchner was one of the founding members of the
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Kraft und Stoff: Empirisch-naturphilosophische Studien
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Scientific Materialism in Nineteenth Century Germany
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Facts and Theories in the Scientific Life of Present
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403:Progress in Nature and History in the Light of the
1083:Founding members of the Freies Deutsches Hochstift
708:. pp. 173–75, 210–14, 296–98, 456–58, 478–79.
596:(however he did not extend this to them receiving
974:
814:Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
241:who became one of the exponents of 19th-century
960:Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
331:Force and Matter: Empiricophilosophical Studies
297:). Afterwards, he continued his studies at the
257:on 29 March 1824. From 1842 to 1848 he studied
634:, a women's rights advocate; and the uncle of
448:' movement in Germany. In 1881 he founded in
229:(29 March 1824 – 30 April 1899) was a German
553:according to him is purely physical; it has
16:German philosopher and scientist (1824–1899)
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807:
687:Archiv für Frankfurts Geschichte und Kunst
29:
557:, no will, no laws imposed by extraneous
900:Büchner, Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig
894:
727:
998:19th-century German non-fiction writers
600:, deeming that premature at the time).
467:He died at Darmstadt on 30 April 1899.
227:Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner
42:Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner
975:
684:
499:, the ultimate basis of all science.
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325:, where he published his magnum opus
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745:Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte
965:Complete scanned text of Büchner's
581:Man in the Past, Present and Future
13:
397:, vol. I., 1862; vol. II., 1884),
14:
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1078:German philosophers of technology
913:
511:(7th ed., p. 130), produces
81:Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse,
1038:German cognitive neuroscientists
1003:19th-century German philosophers
929:Works by or about Ludwig Büchner
882:
703:
317:. In 1852 he became lecturer in
295:of an Excitomotor Nervous System
1033:German male non-fiction writers
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547:interpretations of the universe
358:, and the finality of physical
1073:German philosophers of science
1043:19th-century German physicians
864:, Springer, Berlin u.a. 1977,
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808:Goddemeier, Christof (2006).
849:. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998,
706:Wissenschaftspopularisierung
542:of his predecessors and the
347:Geschichte des Materialismus
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7:
460:as a representative of the
427:Darwinismus und Socialismus
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952:Biography and bibliography
454:German Freethinkers League
391:Aus Natur und Wissenschaft
337:(Free German Foundation).
335:Freies Deutsches Hochstift
1068:Physicians from Darmstadt
775:4th series, vol. 3 (1899)
626:, a famous revolutionary
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497:imperishability of matter
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299:University of Strasbourg
108:University of Strasbourg
938:Works by Ludwig Büchner
920:Works by Ludwig Büchner
905:Encyclopædia Britannica
765:This death announcement
603:Büchner, together with
483:. Matter and force (or
439:In the Service of Truth
435:Im Dienste der Wahrheit
431:Darwinism and Socialism
395:From Nature and Science
146:19th-century philosophy
487:) are, he maintained,
364:scientific materialism
342:Friedrich Albert Lange
323:University of Tübingen
303:University of Würzburg
243:scientific materialism
178:University of Tübingen
112:University of Würzburg
993:19th-century atheists
493:conservation of force
291:Contributions to the
283:University of Giessen
203:Philosophy of science
104:University of Giessen
1048:German physiologists
1013:Critics of religions
1008:Atheist philosophers
671:Available online at
590:collective ownership
464:from 1884 to 1890.
458:Grand Duchy of Hesse
315:University of Vienna
253:Büchner was born at
116:University of Vienna
64:German Confederation
60:Grand Duchy of Hesse
1018:Freethought writers
577:theory of evolution
515:, so the intricate
956:Virtual Laboratory
860:Fredrick Gregory:
638:, inventor of the
471:Philosophical work
305:(where he studied
168:German materialism
156:Western philosophy
924:Project Gutenberg
585:struggle for life
571:Büchner endorsed
495:follows from the
387:Nature and Spirit
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967:Force and Matter
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592:of land and
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477:physiologist
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235:physiologist
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192: (1848)
189:
174:Institutions
76:(1899-04-30)
1063:Ontologists
988:1899 deaths
983:1824 births
876:Attribution
747:(in German)
673:archive.org
544:theological
231:philosopher
90:Nationality
977:Categories
837:References
751:2023-12-12
628:playwright
568:sanction.
555:no purpose
313:) and the
275:philosophy
271:mineralogy
128:(brother)
48:1824-03-29
826:0044-3441
559:authority
450:Frankfurt
441:, 1899).
433:, 1894),
425:, 1890),
417:, 1887),
409:, 1884),
405:Darwinian
389:, 1857),
376:Darmstadt
368:Karl Vogt
350:, 1866),
307:pathology
263:chemistry
255:Darmstadt
249:Biography
239:physician
122:Relatives
100:Education
56:Darmstadt
693:: 63–74.
598:suffrage
540:idealism
489:infinite
479:, not a
319:medicine
279:medicine
133:(sister)
958:of the
954:in the
931:at the
893::
566:ethical
529:thought
517:organic
321:at the
281:at the
259:physics
887:
868:
853:
824:
704:Daum.
630:, and
618:Family
551:Nature
533:monism
513:motion
491:; the
485:energy
407:Theory
362:. The
356:matter
301:, the
267:botany
185:Thesis
163:School
152:Region
94:German
767:, in
646:Notes
561:, no
452:the "
360:force
866:ISBN
851:ISBN
822:ISSN
525:soul
521:mind
370:and
277:and
237:and
71:Died
38:Born
940:at
922:at
902:".
575:'s
142:Era
979::
845:,
818:58
816:.
812:.
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743:.
714:^
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689:.
642:.
614:.
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828:.
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