194:"Education , truth and virtue" must be disseminated to such an extent that the "concept of mankind" takes on a great and dignified form in each individual (GS, I, p. 284). However, this shall be achieved personally by each individual, who must "absorb the great mass of material offered to him by the world around him and by his inner existence, using all the possibilities of his receptiveness; he must then reshape that material with all the energies of his own activity and appropriate it to himself so as to create an interaction between his own personality and nature in a most general, active and harmonious form".
27:
101:
111:) refers to the German tradition of self-cultivation (as related to the German for: creation, image, shape), wherein philosophy and education are linked in a manner that refers to a process of both personal and cultural maturation. This maturation is a harmonization of the individual's mind and heart and in a unification of selfhood and identity within the broader society, as evidenced with the literary tradition of
124:'s writings, the challenge of personal growth often involves an agonizing alienation from one's "natural consciousness" that leads to a reunification and development of the self. Similarly, although social unity requires well-formed institutions, it also requires a diversity of individuals with the
120:
In this sense, the process of harmonization of mind, heart, selfhood and identity is achieved through personal transformation, which presents a challenge to the individual's accepted beliefs. In
102:
178:
in contrast is seen as a process wherein an individual's spiritual and cultural sensibilities as well as life, personal and social skills are in process of continual expansion and growth.
164:
becomes a lifelong process of human development, rather than mere training in gaining certain external knowledge or skills. Such training in skills is known by the German words
204:
tradition rejects the pre-Kantian metaphysics of being for a post-Kantian metaphysics of experience. Much of Hegel's writings were about the nature of education (both
893:
139:
as well as their innate intellectual skills. So, the term refers to a process of becoming that can be related to a process of becoming within
758:
364:
Alves, Alexandre (2019). "The German
Tradition of Self-Cultivation (Bildung) and its Historical Meaning", Educação & Realidade 44(2).
354:
Bruford, W.H. (1975). The German
Tradition of Self-Cultivation: Bildung from Humboldt to Thomas Mann, London: Cambridge University Press.
214:), reflecting his own role as a teacher and administrator in German secondary schools, and in his more general writings. More recently,
132:. However, rather than an end state, both individual and social unification is a process that is driven by unrelenting negations.
845:
830:
153:
840:
811:
768:
392:
941:
783:
340:
70:
48:
41:
936:
128:(in the positive sense of the term) to develop a wide-variety of talents and abilities and this requires personal
951:
888:
736:
763:
946:
931:
794:
184:
is seen as a way to become more free due to higher self-reflection. Von
Humboldt wrote with respect to
898:
850:
365:
883:
532:
385:
161:
95:
35:
671:
52:
909:
231:
747:
903:
878:
835:
157:
244:
135:
In this sense, education involves the shaping of the human being with regard to their own
8:
822:
788:
753:
567:
378:
129:
773:
741:
542:
527:
215:
638:
621:
547:
537:
489:
336:
265:
255:
705:
125:
710:
700:
659:
611:
462:
435:
136:
108:
593:
577:
140:
925:
816:
250:
219:
113:
871:
866:
778:
643:
631:
415:
270:
720:
688:
649:
494:
420:
234:
has challenged the idea that
Bildung is no more than 'normal' education.
681:
606:
572:
499:
484:
472:
440:
401:
665:
654:
616:
509:
260:
156:
from the work of
Prussian philosopher and educational administrator
693:
582:
504:
450:
425:
357:
Wood, Allen W. (1998). "Hegel on
Education," Amélie O. Rorty (ed.)
280:
676:
626:
477:
430:
366:
https://www.scielo.br/j/edreal/a/HLLcPFh84zpNNdDrrvnBWvb/?lang=en
317:
see Allen W. Wood "Hegel on
Education", in Amélie O. Rorty (ed.)
275:
306:
Teaching As A Reflective
Practice: The German Didaktik Tradition
715:
587:
445:
285:
467:
370:
121:
304:"Theory of Bildung" by Wilhelm von Humboldt, Chapter 3 in
894:
List of people considered a founder in a
Humanities field
457:
520:
308:
edited by Ian
Westbury, Stefan Hopmann, Kurt Riquarts
923:
759:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
386:
205:
199:
185:
179:
173:
147:
84:
225:
393:
379:
222:have used the concept in their writings.
198:Most explicitly in Hegel's writings, the
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:(1767–1835). Thus, in this context, the
34:This article includes a list of general
924:
846:National Endowment for the Humanities
831:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
374:
330:
154:Humboldtian model of higher education
94:
841:Moscow University for the Humanities
812:Arts and Humanities Research Council
769:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
20:
16:German tradition of self-cultivation
333:Reading McDowell: On Mind and World
13:
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
963:
25:
889:Humanities in the United States
737:American Journal of Archaeology
764:Journal of Controversial Ideas
400:
324:
311:
298:
109:"education", "formation", etc.
1:
291:
784:Revue des Études Arméniennes
7:
321:. London: Routledge, 1998.
237:
10:
968:
361:. London: Routledge, 1998.
899:Outline of the humanities
879:Criticism of mass culture
859:
851:National Humanities Medal
804:
729:
560:
408:
359:Philosophers on Education
319:Philosophers on Education
942:German words and phrases
884:Educational essentialism
521:Interdisciplinary fields
331:Smith, Nicholas (2002).
230:Professor of philosophy
226:Bildung in Germany today
152:also corresponds to the
937:Philosophy of education
55:more precise citations.
952:Concepts in aesthetics
672:Liberal arts education
206:
200:
196:
186:
180:
174:
148:
85:
748:History of Humanities
192:
947:Personal development
932:Education in Germany
904:Renaissance humanism
836:Master of Humanities
162:concept of education
158:Wilhelm von Humboldt
823:Geisteswissenschaft
789:Teaching Philosophy
568:Abductive reasoning
232:Julian Nida-Rümelin
910:Studia Humanitatis
919:
918:
639:General knowledge
622:Cultural literacy
556:
555:
490:Religious studies
426:Classical studies
266:General knowledge
256:Cultural literacy
245:Bildungsbürgertum
96:[ˈbɪldʊŋ]
81:
80:
73:
959:
706:Self-realization
518:
517:
395:
388:
381:
372:
371:
347:
346:
328:
322:
315:
309:
302:
209:
203:
189:
183:
177:
151:
106:
105:
104:
98:
93:
88:
76:
69:
65:
62:
56:
51:this article by
42:inline citations
29:
28:
21:
967:
966:
962:
961:
960:
958:
957:
956:
922:
921:
920:
915:
855:
800:
725:
711:Self-reflection
701:Moral character
660:Human condition
612:Critical theory
552:
516:
463:Performing arts
404:
399:
351:
350:
343:
329:
325:
316:
312:
303:
299:
294:
240:
228:
100:
99:
91:
77:
66:
60:
57:
47:Please help to
46:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
965:
955:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
917:
916:
914:
913:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
875:
874:
863:
861:
857:
856:
854:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
827:
826:
814:
808:
806:
802:
801:
799:
798:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
744:
739:
733:
731:
727:
726:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
697:
696:
686:
685:
684:
679:
669:
662:
657:
652:
646:
641:
636:
635:
634:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
597:
594:Belles-lettres
590:
585:
580:
578:Antipositivism
575:
570:
564:
562:
558:
557:
554:
553:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
522:
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
492:
487:
482:
481:
480:
475:
470:
460:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
433:
428:
423:
418:
412:
410:
406:
405:
398:
397:
390:
383:
375:
369:
368:
362:
355:
349:
348:
341:
323:
310:
296:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
239:
236:
227:
224:
190:in 1793/1794:
141:existentialism
79:
78:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
964:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
912:
911:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
864:
862:
858:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
825:
824:
820:
819:
818:
817:Human science
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
803:
797:
796:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
732:
728:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
670:
668:
667:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:
598:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
563:
559:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:Environmental
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
519:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
461:
459:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:Language arts
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
411:
407:
403:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
377:
376:
373:
367:
363:
360:
356:
353:
352:
344:
342:9780203460900
338:
335:. Routledge.
334:
327:
320:
314:
307:
301:
297:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Coming of age
249:
247:
246:
242:
241:
235:
233:
223:
221:
217:
213:
208:
202:
195:
191:
188:
182:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
144:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
118:
116:
115:
114:Bildungsroman
110:
103:
97:
89:
87:
75:
72:
64:
54:
50:
44:
43:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
908:
872:Philistinism
867:Antihumanism
821:
793:
779:Nova Religio
746:
664:
644:Hermeneutics
600:
599:
592:
416:Anthropology
358:
332:
326:
318:
313:
305:
300:
271:High culture
243:
229:
211:
197:
193:
169:
165:
145:
134:
119:
112:
83:
82:
67:
61:October 2015
58:
39:
18:
721:Work of art
689:Metaphysics
650:Historicism
495:Visual arts
421:Archaeology
409:Disciplines
53:introducing
926:Categories
682:Quadrivium
607:Creativity
573:Aesthetics
500:Filmmaking
485:Philosophy
441:Literature
402:Humanities
292:References
170:Ausbildung
36:references
754:Humanitas
666:Humanitas
655:Historism
617:Criticism
510:Sculpture
261:Etiquette
212:Erziehung
166:Erziehung
146:The term
805:Academia
774:Leonardo
742:Daedalus
730:Journals
694:Ontology
583:The arts
505:Painting
451:Rhetoric
281:Prudence
238:See also
220:McDowell
137:humanity
860:Related
795:more...
677:Trivium
627:Culture
601:Bildung
543:Medical
528:Digital
478:Theatre
431:History
276:Manners
216:Gadamer
207:Bildung
201:Bildung
187:Bildung
181:Bildung
175:Bildung
149:Bildung
126:freedom
92:German:
86:Bildung
49:improve
716:Wisdom
648:
588:Beauty
561:Themes
548:Public
538:Health
446:Poetry
339:
286:Wisdom
168:, and
130:agency
38:, but
473:Music
468:Dance
122:Hegel
632:High
337:ISBN
218:and
210:and
458:Law
928::
172:.
143:.
117:.
107:,
394:e
387:t
380:v
345:.
90:(
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.