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its transmission in texts that are produced by human hands with variants due above all to scribal errors and that need emendation with the help of the versions and of conjecture. The variant readings in the text and the differences between the ancient versions and the
Masoretic text convinced him that the idea of the integrity of the Hebrew text, as commonly held by Protestants, was untenable. This amounted to an attack on the verbal inspiration of Scripture. Bitter, however, as was the opposition to his views, it was not long before his results were accepted by scholars.
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In this book, Cappel not only raised questions about the age of the vowel points in the Hebrew Bible: he denied that even the surviving consonantal Hebrew text preserved the autographs of scripture. He distinguished between the divinely inspired content of
Scripture and the wholly human process of
190:), were thus dependent in reality on Jewish tradition, many Protestants declared that the vowel points were in fact ancient and an essential part of the divinely inspired Scripture. Foremost among the upholders of this view were
205:(Sacred Criticism: Variant Readings in the Books of the Old Testament), but because of the fierce opposition of his co-religionists was able to print it only in 1650, by aid of a son, who had turned Catholic (according to the
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showed any acquaintance with the vowel points, a comparatively recent Jewish invention. In response to the claim that
Protestants, in spite of their claim to follow nothing but Scripture alone (
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Jews, no earlier than the 5th century; he also concluded that the primitive Hebrew characters are those now known as the
Samaritan, while the square characters are
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255:(1639–1722), who, at the age of eighteen, became professor of Hebrew at Saumur, but, on the revocation of the
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at Saumur and, twenty years later, was appointed professor of theology. Amongst his fellow lecturers were
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and other biblical works, as well as of several other treatises on Hebrew, among which are the
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History of
Biblical Interpretation, Volume 4: From the Englightenment to the Twentieth Century
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Critica sacra: sive de variis quae in sacris
Veteris Testamenti libris occurrunt lectionibus
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and accents are not an original part of the Hebrew language, but had been inserted by the
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382:(Paris. 1650), History of Science Museum, Biblical Criticism Catalogue Number 79
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As a Hebrew scholar Cappel made a special study of the history of the Hebrew
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161:. He published his conclusions anonymously, but with the express support of
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309:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 288.
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In 1634 Cappel had already completed work on a second important work,
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Cappel's views were not a complete novelty. Nearly a century earlier,
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and were substituted for the more ancient at the time of the
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The Death of
Scripture and the Rise of Biblical Studies
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Crawford Howell Toy and Karl
Heinrich Cornill state in
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325:. Society of Biblical Literature; 15 November 2012.
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251:to which he belonged, was published by his nephew
380:De textus hebraici veteris testamenti certitudine
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237:Annotationes et commentarii in Vetus Testamentum
457:17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
241:Diatribe de veris et antiquis Ebraeorum literis
176:(1469–1549) demonstrated in 1538 that neither
78:(15 October 1585 – 18 June 1658) was a French
145:, which led him to the conclusion that the
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348:. Oxford University Press; 19 April 2010.
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416:"Cappel, Louis (Ludovicus Cappellus)" in
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133:Writings on the Hebrew Biblical text
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245:Commentarius de Capellorum gente
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418:The Jewish Encyclopedia
306:Encyclopædia Britannica
225:The Jewish Encyclopedia
208:Encyclopædia Britannica
342:Michael C. Legaspi.
159:Babylonian captivity
115:University of Oxford
259:, fled to England.
196:Johannes Buxtorf II
194:senior and his son
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253:James Cappel
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147:vowel points
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76:Louis Cappel
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53:18 June 1658
23:Louis Cappel
442:1658 deaths
437:1585 births
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333:. p. 75–76.
431:Categories
263:References
214:Jean Morin
80:Protestant
66:Occupation
57:1658-06-19
467:Huguenots
83:churchman
180:nor the
151:Masorete
105:and the
99:theology
91:Huguenot
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155:Aramaic
141:of the
113:at the
101:at the
87:scholar
55: (
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182:Talmud
178:Jerome
119:Hebrew
111:Arabic
109:, and
143:Bible
95:Sedan
400:ISBN
350:ISBN
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125:and
89:. A
85:and
50:Died
38:Born
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