2201:
495:
2215:
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30:
This article is about groups of scholars who compiled a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides of Jewish texts. For a discussion of the work of the
Mascorderoretes, see
417:
270:
1705:
2095:
778:
149:
al-Fayyumi, had preferred the ben
Naphtali system. It has been suggested that the ben Asher family and the majority of the Masoretes were
2055:
2279:
573:
602:
2101:
1201:
655:
110:) on the external form of the biblical text in an attempt to standardize the pronunciation, paragraph and verse divisions, and
80:
who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g.
197:
2308:
1196:
431:
284:
242:
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1216:
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635:
2028:
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389:
354:
207:
375:
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488:
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965:
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437:
290:
158:
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1324:
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566:
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1221:
1206:
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were successors to the
Masoretes in the transmission of the traditional Hebrew text of the Old Testament.
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17:
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34:. For the Israeli term for "Tradition Keeper" or "Traditionalist" non-Orthodox observance, see
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129:
family of
Masoretes was largely responsible for the preservation and production of the
100:). Each group compiled a system of pronunciation and grammatical guides in the form of
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avers that there are "decisive proofs that M. Ben-Asher was not a
Karaite."
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endorsed the ben Asher as superior, although the
Egyptian Jewish scholar,
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426:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 321.
279:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 321.
146:
137:
Masoretes, which has around 875 differences from the ben Asher text. The
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believes that the ben Asher family was probably not
Karaite, and
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165:
119:
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73:
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133:, although there existed an alternative Masoretic text of the
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230:
A Most
Peculiar Book: The Inherent Strangeness of the Bible
2237:
303:
455:
In the
Beginning: A Short History of the Hebrew Language
168:
for Hebrew that is still widely used, as well as the
60:
2290:
408:
377:Karaite Bible Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah
261:
349:. Society of Biblical Literature. p. 52.
2273:
567:
2056:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
69:'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of
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603:Index of Jewish history-related articles
2102:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
739:
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14:
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199:The Journey From Texts to Translations
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122:) for the worldwide Jewish community.
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481:Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah
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24:
2049:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
2029:American Jewish Historical Society
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25:
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536:The Role of the Masoretes (PDF)
346:Early Karaite grammatical texts
304:Louis Ginzberg, Caspar Levias.
202:. Baker Academic. p. 172.
172:symbols used for cantillation.
2121:Relations with other religions
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189:
13:
1:
2108:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
468:The Text of the Old Testament
182:
2309:Language of the Hebrew Bible
2252:. You can help Knowledge by
2244:This article related to the
2039:Leo Baeck Institute New York
2034:American Sephardi Federation
7:
862:Constantinopolitan Karaites
324:"Aaron ben Moses ben Asher"
61:
10:
2330:
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2090:National Library of Israel
731:Zionism, race and genetics
382:Cambridge University Press
164:The Masoretes devised the
29:
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2044:Yeshiva University Museum
2024:Center for Jewish History
2014:
1879:
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227:Swenson, Kristin (2021).
2304:Jewish scribes (soferim)
636:Ancient Israel and Judah
503:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
1012:North African Sephardim
985:Jewish tribes of Arabia
530:The Jewish Encyclopedia
374:Khan, Geoffrey (1990).
343:Khan, Geoffrey (2000).
235:Oxford University Press
2115:Holocaust Encyclopedia
2085:Jewish Virtual Library
329:Jewish Virtual Library
2314:Hebrew language stubs
2062:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1844:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
1029:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
779:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
546:Encyclopaedia Judaica
423:Encyclopaedia Judaica
384:Archive. p. 20.
276:Encyclopaedia Judaica
196:Wegner, Paul (1999).
166:vowel notation system
641:Second Temple period
51:בַּעֲלֵי הַמָּסוֹרָה
27:Medieval Jewish sect
2079:Jewish Encyclopedia
1824:Hekhalot literature
1635:Religious movements
1170:Judeo-Tripolitanian
310:Jewish Encyclopedia
2220:Judaism portal
2156:Jews and Halloween
2151:Jews and Christmas
1541:Rabbinic authority
1293:Judaeo-Piedmontese
726:Xueta Christianity
631:Origins of Judaism
598:Outline of Judaism
410:Berenbaum, Michael
263:Berenbaum, Michael
2261:
2260:
2229:
2228:
2195:extinct languages
2096:YIVO Encyclopedia
1871:Hebrew literature
1839:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
1679:Reconstructionist
1357:Judaeo-Portuguese
1046:
1045:
1002:Eastern Sephardim
646:Synagogal Judaism
433:978-0-02-866097-4
286:978-0-02-866097-4
244:978-0-19-065173-2
62:Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā
59:
16:(Redirected from
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1335:Judeo-Golpaygani
936:Palestinian Jews
911:Alexandrian Jews
867:Crimean Karaites
784:Unterlander Jews
737:
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651:Rabbinic Judaism
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440:on 27 July 2016.
436:. Archived from
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293:on 27 July 2016.
289:. Archived from
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449:Further reading
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416:, eds. (2007).
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391:978-0521392273
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355:
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306:"Ben Naphtali"
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237:. p. 29.
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209:978-0801027994
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131:Masoretic Text
36:Shomer Masoret
32:Masoretic Text
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1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Judeo-Shirazi
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:Judeo-Persian
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:Judeo-Marathi
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:Judeo-Italian
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
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1225:
1223:
1220:
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1198:
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1190:
1189:
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1178:
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1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Judeo-Amazigh
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
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1079:
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1074:
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1069:
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1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
972:
969:
967:
966:Hadhrami Jews
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
931:Mountain Jews
929:
927:
926:Egyptian Jews
924:
922:
921:Bukharan Jews
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
895:
892:
891:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
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772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
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755:
752:
751:
750:
747:
746:
744:
742:
738:
732:
729:
727:
724:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
709:Lists of Jews
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
672:
668:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
616:
614:
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
592:
588:
584:
577:
572:
570:
565:
563:
558:
557:
554:
548:
547:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:
526:
523:
522:
514:
510:
504:
492:
490:
489:0-89130-374-X
486:
482:
479:
477:
476:0-8028-0788-7
473:
469:
466:
464:
463:0-8147-3654-8
460:
457:, Chapter 5.
456:
453:
452:
439:
435:
429:
425:
424:
419:
415:
414:Skolnik, Fred
411:
405:
397:
393:
387:
383:
379:
378:
370:
362:
358:
352:
348:
347:
339:
331:
330:
325:
319:
311:
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292:
288:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:Skolnik, Fred
264:
258:
250:
246:
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236:
232:
231:
223:
215:
211:
205:
201:
200:
192:
188:
180:
178:
173:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:Geoffrey Khan
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
63:
57:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2254:expanding it
2243:
2211:
2204:
2190:
2113:
2106:
2094:
2077:
2060:
1894:perspectives
1728:Samaritanism
1689:Neo-Hasidism
1669:Conservative
1583:Names of God
1492:
1473:
1283:Judaeo-Greek
1278:Judeo-Gascon
1217:Lishán Didán
1212:Lishana Deni
1180:Judeo-Yemeni
1148:Judeo-Arabic
1022:Meshuchrarim
941:Persian Jews
874:Kurdish Jews
852:Kaifeng Jews
801:Beta Abraham
764:Galitzianers
719:Antisemitism
694:Israeli Jews
679:Assimilation
544:
528:
502:
480:
467:
454:
438:the original
421:
404:
396:Google Books
394:– via
376:
369:
361:Google Books
359:– via
345:
338:
327:
318:
309:
299:
291:the original
274:
257:
249:Google Books
247:– via
229:
222:
214:Google Books
212:– via
198:
191:
174:
163:
135:ben Naphtali
124:
116:Hebrew Bible
112:cantillation
105:
42:
40:
2136:Catholicism
1718:Hellenistic
1556:Eschatology
1494:Lachoudisch
1419:Lotegorisch
1397:Lachoudisch
1387:Koiné Greek
1300:Judeo-Latin
1237:Palestinian
1131:Palestinian
980:Mustaʿravim
906:Afghan Jews
894:Berber Jews
818:Bene Israel
806:Falash Mura
796:Beta Israel
714:Persecution
656:Middle Ages
153:. However,
147:Saadya Gaon
102:diacritical
90:Mesopotamia
2293:Categories
2131:Anabaptism
2073:Jew (word)
1940:Leadership
1753:Literature
1738:Secularism
1684:Humanistic
1551:Conversion
1521:Philosophy
1362:Judeo-Urdu
1126:Babylonian
971:Saada Jews
956:Adeni Jews
749:Ashkenazim
704:Samaritans
671:Population
626:Israelites
183:References
159:Aron Dotan
143:Maimonides
141:authority
2193:indicate
2141:Mormonism
2126:Christian
2006:Symbolism
1994:Synagogue
1974:Mythology
1935:Education
1906:Astronomy
1889:Astrology
1706:relations
1511:Zarphatic
1459:Galitzish
1261:Yeshivish
1138:Catalanic
1101:Samaritan
1076:Ashkenazi
1057:Diasporic
1052:Languages
997:Sephardim
992:Romaniote
879:Krymchaks
813:Desi Jews
689:Buddhists
541:"Masorah"
525:"Masorah"
418:"Masorah"
271:"Masorah"
127:ben Asher
86:Jerusalem
56:romanized
43:Masoretes
2206:Category
2176:Hinduism
2166:Buddhism
2068:Genetics
1984:Politics
1957:Marriage
1916:Holidays
1911:Calendar
1792:Rabbinic
1768:/Hebrew
1713:Haymanot
1640:Orthodox
1627:Branches
1600:Kabbalah
1595:Haskalah
1573:Holiness
1449:dialects
1429:Shassagh
1392:Krymchak
1372:Kayliñña
1266:Yinglish
1242:Galilean
1232:Talmudic
1227:Biblical
1202:Betanure
1121:Biblical
1116:Mishnaic
1111:Medieval
1096:Tiberian
1091:Yemenite
1081:Sephardi
1017:Paradesi
961:Ḥabbanim
951:Teimanim
916:Baghdadi
889:Maghrebi
857:Karaites
835:Gruzínim
823:Kochinim
741:Diaspora
699:Karaites
684:Atheists
621:Timeline
177:nakdanim
151:Karaites
139:halakhic
98:Nehardea
82:Tiberias
78:scholars
18:Masorete
2191:Italics
2016:Studies
1962:Divorce
1928:Kashrut
1923:Cuisine
1881:Culture
1812:Midrash
1807:Tosefta
1797:Mishnah
1785:Ketuvim
1780:Nevi'im
1743:Schisms
1733:Science
1723:Karaite
1694:Renewal
1655:Litvaks
1650:Hasidic
1605:Sefirot
1590:Halakha
1561:Messiah
1534:Mitzvah
1529:Beliefs
1483:Western
1469:Poylish
1464:Litvish
1454:Eastern
1444:Yiddish
1439:Shuadit
1424:Qwareña
1412:Tetuani
1407:Haketia
1382:Knaanic
1377:Kivruli
1325:Bukhori
1271:Heblish
1207:Hulaulá
1197:Barzani
1153:Yahudic
1086:Mizrahi
946:Urfalim
901:Mizrahi
845:Neofiti
840:Italkim
769:Lita'im
661:Zionism
613:History
587:Judaism
543:in the
114:of the
104:notes (
58::
1999:Hazzan
1989:Prayer
1866:Siddur
1802:Talmud
1766:Tanakh
1701:Neolog
1674:Reform
1662:Modern
1645:Haredi
1568:Ethics
1434:Shassi
1402:Ladino
1367:Karaim
1350:Juhuri
1192:Targum
1106:Signed
1071:Modern
1066:Hebrew
1034:Xuetes
830:Dönmeh
789:Yekkes
507:
499:
487:
474:
461:
430:
388:
353:
283:
241:
206:
120:Tanakh
107:niqqud
92:(e.g.
88:) and
74:scribe
71:Jewish
47:Hebrew
2248:is a
2171:Islam
1979:Names
1969:Music
1950:Rebbe
1945:Rabbi
1899:Monen
1854:Zohar
1775:Torah
1770:Bible
884:Lemba
759:Chuts
170:trope
118:(the
2250:stub
585:and
583:Jews
485:ISBN
472:ISBN
459:ISBN
428:ISBN
386:ISBN
351:ISBN
281:ISBN
239:ISBN
204:ISBN
175:The
125:The
96:and
94:Sura
84:and
67:lit.
41:The
1578:God
527:in
2295::
513:§3
511:,
509:§2
483:.
470:.
420:.
412:;
380:.
326:.
308:.
273:.
265:;
233:.
65:,
53:,
49::
2281:e
2274:t
2267:v
2256:.
1059:)
1055:(
575:e
568:t
561:v
505:,
398:.
363:.
332:.
312:.
251:.
216:.
76:-
45:(
38:.
20:)
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