177:
4119:
4094:
4074:
4247:
4045:
3968:
3943:
3918:
3893:
3868:
3843:
3818:
3793:
3768:
3994:
4404:
not dream nor curse and did not read in Hebrew. And they subjected us, who grew up with Hebrew as our mother tongue, to a terrible torture. They demanded that we master perfectly all the niceties and nuances of a language purism which meant nothing to us. I remember when I was asked to write words with nikkud on the blackboard and made a hash of it, the teacher said "You are a total ignoramus".
3750:
4020:
539:. To the younger generation of native Hebrew speakers, these distinctions seem arbitrary and meaningless; on the other hand, Hebrew language purists have rejected out of hand the idea of changing the basics of niqqud and fitting them to the current pronunciation – with the result that in practice niqqud is increasingly going out of use.
664:, where appropriate, to demonstrate where the niqqud is placed in relation to the consonant it is pronounced after. Any other letters shown are actually part of the vowel. Note that there is some variation among different traditions in exactly how some vowel points are pronounced. The table below shows how most
4403:
Supposedly, the teachers who taught my generation knew Hebrew perfectly. They had a thorough knowledge of all the Hebrew classics as well as of modern Hebrew literature. But Hebrew was not their natural language. They had gained their knowledge of Hebrew from books, by tremendous effort. But they did
2771:
For most letters the dagesh is written within the glyph, near the middle if possible, but the exact position varies from letter to letter (some letters do not have an open area in the middle, and in these cases it is written usually beside the letter, as with yod).The
4168:
have developed another standard, which is based on Tiro, but adds the Niqqud along the home keys. Linux comes with "Israel — Biblical Hebrew (Tiro)" as a standard layout. With this layout, niqqud can be typed without pressing the Caps Lock key.
2985:
Niqqud, but not a vowel (except when inadequate typefaces merge the holam of a letter before the shin with the shin dot). The dot for shin is written over the right (first) branch of the letter. It is usually transcribed "sh".
2796:(which is written the same way as dagesh) at the end of a word to indicate that the letter does not signify a vowel but is consonantal.To the resulting form, there can still be added a niqqud diacritic designating a vowel.
469:
is mainly used in specialised texts such as dictionaries, poetry, or texts for children or new immigrants to Israel. For purposes of disambiguation, a system of spelling without niqqud, known in Hebrew as
2295:
Usually promoted to holam malei in
Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. The holam is written above the consonant on the left corner, or slightly to the left of (i.e., after) it at the top.
4329:
Sha'ar LaMatchil 'Gate for the
Beginner', intended for children and students of Hebrew, which is printed in 'easy Hebrew' with a limited vocabulary and partial vocalization applied to scriptio plena.
4502:
Likewise in
Windows 8 or later if, in the Hebrew options of the language settings, the keyboard is changed from "Hebrew (Standard)" to "Hebrew"–the latter being the legacy keyboard layout.
3091:, niqqud can be entered using the right alt (or left alt + ctrl) + the first Hebrew letter of the name of the value, when using the default (Hebrew Standard) keyboard layout:
3041:
Niqqud, but not a vowel (except when inadequate typefaces merge the holam of the sin with the sin dot). The dot for sin is written over the left (third) branch of the letter
3652:
or earlier, niqqud can be entered by enabling Caps Lock and then, with the cursor positioned after a letter, pressing Shift and one of the keys in the
Windows column
4455:
2890:
which many texts write together, there are cases of a single letter with both a dagesh and a rafe, if it is hard in one reading and soft in the other.
5417:
1880:), or "stolen" patach (more formally, "furtive patach"), since the sound "steals" an imaginary epenthetic consonant to make the extra syllable.
3662:
The user can use the
Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator to produce a custom keyboard layout, or can download a layout produced by another party.
2384:
The holam is written in the normal position relative to the main consonant (above and slightly to the left), which places it directly over the
3702:
can also be entered by pressing either the Shift key and a number, or by pressing the Shift key, Option key, and a number at the same time.
546:, the lack of niqqud in what he calls "Israeli" (Modern Hebrew) often results in "mispronunciations". For example, the Israeli lexical item
3694:, the typist can enter niqqud by pressing the Option key together with a number on the top row of the keyboard. Other combinations such as
2756:(prolonged pronunciation) of consonants, but which, although represented in most cases when transliterated according to standards of the
462:
Niqqud marks are small compared to the letters, so they can be added without retranscribing texts whose writers did not anticipate them.
2570:
is pronounced). The dot in the shuruk is identical to a dagesh, thus shuruq and vav with a dagesh are indistinguishable. (see below).
4663:
4519:
5372:
4151:
The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation, and hence are input in the same manner.
3659:
The user can configure the registry to allow use of the Alt key with the numeric plus key to type the hexadecimal
Unicode value.
2217:
Usually promoted to holam malei in
Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. Also, not to be confused with Hataf Kamatz.
4585:
4341:
4316:
4161:
A rafe can be input by inserting the corresponding
Unicode character, either explicitly or via a customized keyboard layout.
2700:
with or without dagesh kal are acoustically and phonologically indistinguishable, whereas plosive and fricative variants of
3682:
and pressing the same keys as for
Windows, above, or by pressing ctrl+shift+u followed by the appropriate 4 digit Unicode.
3054:
4429:
4701:
3088:
4463:
4439:
4267:
4263:
4259:
2975:
1733:
1638:
1591:
1553:
1498:
1465:
1056:
973:
676:
5328:
5323:
4696:
4253:
2757:
1771:
1678:
1670:
1089:
964:
497:
4656:
2918:
letter is soft and not hard, or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double, or that a letter like
433:. The most widespread system, and the only one still used to a significant degree today, was created by the
5333:
4367:
3031:
2412:
2374:
2319:
2285:
2207:
1216:
1000:
695:
2739:
2727:
2567:
1851:
825:
793:
5403:
4848:
2241:
2160:
2076:
1418:
1385:
1338:
1330:
1296:
1249:
991:
982:
5107:
2127:
2043:
1996:
1963:
1904:
1818:
1169:
1136:
955:
4229:
Gonen, Einat; Dan, Barak (2006). Gadish, Ronit (ed.). "Leshonenu La′am. Academy
Decisions: Grammar".
3052:
3029:
2973:
2592:
2554:
2499:
2491:
2457:
2410:
2372:
2317:
2283:
2239:
2205:
2158:
2125:
2074:
2041:
1994:
1961:
1910:
1902:
1816:
1769:
1731:
1676:
1668:
1636:
1589:
1551:
1496:
1463:
1416:
1383:
1336:
1328:
1294:
1247:
1214:
1167:
1134:
1087:
1054:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
778:
776:
507:
One reason for the lesser use of niqqud is that it no longer reflects the current pronunciation. In
5367:
5045:
4814:
4649:
2594:
2556:
2501:
2493:
2459:
1009:
28:
504:
is still used occasionally in texts to prevent ambiguity and mispronunciation of specific words.
5410:
5389:
5352:
5240:
5040:
4822:
4789:
4710:
4558:
24:
5262:
5139:
2764:(except occasionally in dramatic or comical recitations, in some loanwords—such as a few Arabic
5050:
4706:
34:
5117:
4609:
4537:
139:
134:
5275:
5035:
4889:
4425:
2566:
The shuruk is written after the consonant it applies to (the consonant after which the vowel
543:
404:
362:
20:
679:: the transcription symbols are linked to the articles about the sounds they represent. The
5235:
5155:
4884:
4523:
4431:
Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond
3070:
Both consonants and niqqud can be typed from virtual graphical keyboards available on the
8:
5282:
5270:
5188:
4992:
4295:
2887:
200:
154:
5356:
5297:
5292:
5170:
2854:
1912:
831:
797:
784:
703:
691:
5348:
5245:
5178:
5143:
5092:
4435:
4312:
4234:
4196:
4191:
4165:
472:
430:
119:
4488:
5396:
4801:
4769:
4736:
2883:
2829:
176:
4345:
1306:
Usually promoted to Hiriq Malei in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
5439:
5343:
5307:
5213:
5149:
5127:
4904:
4806:
4796:
4774:
4748:
4743:
4731:
4691:
4686:
4672:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4179:
3046:
2949:
2895:
2801:
2669:
2575:
2474:
2393:
2300:
2222:
2141:
2057:
1977:
1885:
1752:
1652:
1572:
1479:
1399:
1311:
1230:
1150:
1070:
933:
809:
801:
735:
730:
524:
450:
426:
376:
334:
319:
184:
4512:
5160:
4879:
4869:
4784:
4779:
3836:
3811:
3071:
3005:
2945:
2866:
standard) to distinguish various letter pairs. Some ancient manuscripts have a
2837:
2677:
2622:
2537:
2440:
2355:
2266:
2188:
2108:
2024:
1944:
1799:
1714:
1619:
1534:
1446:
1366:
1277:
1197:
1189:
1117:
1109:
1037:
759:
614:
446:
442:
5433:
5012:
4753:
4238:
3786:
2761:
2469:
Usually promoted to Shuruk in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation
1029:
508:
389:
347:
5287:
5203:
5135:
4977:
4937:
4917:
4864:
4636:
2385:
2180:
2100:
2016:
1936:
596:
455:
2862:
No longer used in Hebrew. Still seen in Yiddish (especially following the
5362:
5208:
4932:
4874:
4118:
2347:
1706:
1526:
1358:
322:
4390:
5252:
2913:
2874:
on nearly every letter. It is also used to indicate that a letter like
2753:
2663:
4093:
4073:
482:, literally "full spelling") had developed before the introduction of
5227:
5198:
4563:
3649:
3084:
2765:
2673:
2657:
680:
669:
529:
434:
418:
163:
5397:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
425:
or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters of the
5302:
4894:
4715:
4012:
3761:
2937:
2773:
2649:
Not a vowel, "dagesh" refers to two distinct grammatical entities:
751:
665:
438:
310:
4641:
4158:" (vav) is used since it can only be used with that letter.
2910:
Niqqud, but not a vowel. Used as an "anti-dagesh", to show that a
4184:
3986:
2997:
2653:
1854:. This only occurs at the ends of words and only with patach and
613:, mentioned in Deuteronomy 10:7. The surname of American actress
579:
2768:—and pronunciations exaggerated for the sake of disambiguation).
2721:
are sometimes allophonic and sometimes distinct phonemes (e.g.,
556:(literally "becoming fossilized (masculine plural)") instead of
5193:
5102:
5097:
5082:
5077:
4982:
4967:
4458:[Simple transcription for signage and mapping editors]
4112:
4087:
4067:
4063:
4044:
3967:
3961:
3942:
3936:
3917:
3892:
3867:
2867:
2784:) are not marked with a dagesh, although the letter he (
2614:
2529:
2432:
1870: with a dot (mappiq) in it). This is sometimes called a
1791:
535:
294:
286:
278:
270:
254:
246:
158:
124:
103:
98:
72:
67:
3842:
3817:
3792:
3767:
3074:, or by methods integrated into particular operating systems.
3051:
Some linguistic evidence indicates that it was originally IPA
5338:
5183:
5087:
5072:
5067:
5062:
4997:
4942:
4927:
4922:
4912:
4038:
3993:
3911:
3886:
3861:
3691:
3679:
3675:
3672:
2258:
1611:
1438:
1269:
687:
519:
513:
422:
262:
238:
230:
222:
108:
93:
88:
77:
62:
33:"Samaritan pointing" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4344:[Missing spelling rules] (in Hebrew). Archived from
4233:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: The Academy of the Hebrew Language.
800:, regardless of its traditional classification as shva naḥ (
5112:
5057:
5007:
5002:
4987:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
3749:
3704:
2882: is silent. In the particularly strange case of the
2871:
2863:
302:
214:
129:
57:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
5017:
4972:
4019:
672:
pronunciation, for example, differs in several respects.
429:. Several such diacritical systems were developed in the
4462:(in Hebrew). The Hebrew Language Academy. Archived from
4424:
4538:"How to enter Unicode characters in Microsoft Windows"
3109:(usually the first Hebrew letter of the niqqud's name)
4520:"Typing Hebrew Niqqud (Voweling Points) in Windows 8"
441:
in the second half of the first millennium AD in the
2760:, is acoustically and phonologically nonexistent in
411:
396:
369:
354:
5431:
2886:, which have two different traditions for their
5418:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4309:Encyclopedia of Hebrew language and linguistics
3678:systems, niqqud can be entered by holding down
4657:
4409:
4324:
4306:
3634:
3575:, right-side, since the dot is placed above
3529:
3489:
3449:
3420:
3373:
3339:
3305:
3271:
3237:
3203:
3169:
3134:
3021:
3015:
2965:
2959:
2911:
2847:
2734:
2722:
2661:
2632:
2585:
2547:
2484:
2450:
2403:
2365:
2310:
2276:
2232:
2198:
2151:
2118:
2067:
2034:
1987:
1954:
1895:
1875:
1845:
1809:
1762:
1724:
1629:
1582:
1544:
1489:
1456:
1409:
1376:
1321:
1287:
1240:
1207:
1160:
1127:
1080:
1047:
943:
917:
910:
897:
890:
872:
865:
852:
845:
769:
618:
608:
582:
570:
561:
547:
500:in 1996, and updated in 2017. Nevertheless,
491:
477:
381:
339:
4311:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 947.
4307:Amir Aharoni (2013). Khan, Geoffrey (ed.).
3609:, left-side, since the dot is placed above
4664:
4650:
3103:Right Alt (=AltGr) + Hebrew-keyboard key:
599:(Joshua 15:7 and 18:17). The hypercorrect
4141:" represents any Hebrew consonant.
3145:first Hebrew letter of the niqqud's name
1743:With succeeding yod, it is more commonly
792:In modern Hebrew, shva represents either
4610:"Biblical Hebrew (Tiro) keyboard manual"
4228:
4051:
3428:because the line \ visually resembles ֻ
1840: at the end of a word is sounded
486:. This was formally standardised in the
174:
4559:"Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator 1.4"
4323:The notable exception is the newspaper
560:"appetizers", the latter deriving from
5432:
4388:
4272:
4144:For sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "
668:would pronounce them, but the classic
643:This table uses the consonant letters
453:). Text written with niqqud is called
16:System of diacritical signs for Hebrew
4645:
4434:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2990:
2822:
2607:
2514:
2425:
2332:
2251:
2173:
2089:
2009:
1925:
1784:
1691:
1604:
1511:
1431:
1351:
1262:
1182:
1102:
1022:
744:
569:"appetite", the former deriving from
4393:[Benny Peled as "Canaanite"]
3690:Using the Hebrew keyboard layout in
3392:key (like the 'o' vowel), since the
3077:
4671:
4325:
3635:
3530:
3490:
3450:
3421:
3374:
3340:
3306:
3272:
3238:
3204:
3170:
3135:
3022:
3016:
2966:
2960:
2848:
2735:
2723:
2652:"dagesh kal", which designates the
2633:
2586:
2548:
2485:
2451:
2404:
2366:
2311:
2277:
2233:
2199:
2152:
2119:
2068:
2035:
1988:
1955:
1896:
1876:
1846:
1810:
1763:
1725:
1630:
1583:
1545:
1490:
1457:
1410:
1377:
1322:
1288:
1241:
1208:
1161:
1128:
1081:
1048:
944:
918:
911:
898:
891:
873:
866:
853:
846:
813:
805:
770:
619:
609:
583:
571:
562:
548:
493:כְּלָלֵי הַכְּתִיב חֲסַר הַנִּקּוּד
492:
478:
382:
380:
340:
338:
13:
4389:Galili, Ze'ev (31 December 2004).
4370:[New spelling] (in Hebrew)
14:
5451:
4630:
2660:) variant of any of the letters
1844:the letter, and not after. Thus,
523:, although they were distinct in
488:Rules for Spelling without Niqqud
4456:"תעתיק פשוט לעורכי שילוט ומיפוי"
4245:
4117:
4092:
4072:
4043:
4018:
3992:
3966:
3941:
3916:
3891:
3866:
3841:
3816:
3791:
3766:
3748:
578:"stone". Another example is the
175:
4602:
4586:"Macintosh Hebrew Language Kit"
4578:
4551:
4530:
4505:
4222:
587:, which is often pronounced as
465:In modern Israeli orthography,
4522:. 24 July 2013. Archived from
4496:
4481:
4448:
4382:
4360:
4334:
4300:
4289:
3653:
3399:key is already used for hiriq
2758:Academy of the Hebrew Language
595:, the latter appearing in the
498:Academy of the Hebrew Language
39:
1:
4282:
4277:(in Hebrew). Israel: Massada.
2926: is completely silent
2534:shuruk (melopum - Ashkenazi)
189:Let the waters be collected".
4148:" (sin/shin) is used.
4100:
4026:
4000:
3974:
3949:
3924:
3899:
3874:
3849:
3824:
3799:
3774:
3744:
2437:kubuts (shuruk - Ashkenazi)
702:indicates that the vowel is
7:
4172:
3065:
2792:) may appear with a
412:
397:
370:
355:
10:
5456:
4707:Transliteration to English
3707:
517:is pronounced the same as
32:
18:
5381:
5316:
5261:
5226:
5169:
5126:
5026:
4903:
4857:
4841:
4834:
4762:
4724:
4679:
4637:Diacritical Vowel Markers
4275:Haniqqud halakha lema′ase
4155:
4145:
4138:
4054:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3619:
3610:
3604:
3585:
3576:
3570:
3551:
3541:
3523:
3511:
3501:
3483:
3471:
3461:
3434:
3405:
3394:
3387:
3367:
3355:
3333:
3321:
3299:
3287:
3265:
3253:
3231:
3219:
3197:
3185:
3163:
3151:
3128:
3116:
3037:
3028:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2879:
2875:
2846:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2811:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2662:
2648:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2213:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2020:
2015:
2010:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1662:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1033:
1028:
1023:
883:
838:
829:
823:
820:
791:
755:
750:
745:
739:
734:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
659:
652:
645:
417:, "dots") is a system of
375:, "dotting, pointing" or
213:
208:
183:
169:
49:
42:
5390:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
4255:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
4217:
4154:For shuruk, the letter "
3685:
3666:
3539:the key to the right of
3499:the key to the right of
3459:the key to the right of
2752:azak", which designates
824:Shva denoting the vowel
638:
421:signs used to represent
29:Palestinian vocalization
4342:"כללי הכתיב חסר הניקוד"
2670:earlier forms of Hebrew
1531:tsere yod, tzeirei yod
552:is often pronounced as
25:Babylonian vocalization
4489:"כיצד לנקד בחלונות 10"
4273:Netzer, Nisan (1976).
2859:a˺, e˺, i˺, o˺, or u˺
1828:A patach on a letters
627:) is often pronounced
35:Samaritan vocalization
2788:) (and rarely
2672:this distinction was
1850:(Noah) is pronounced
834:(absence of a vowel)
21:Tiberian vocalization
5411:Strong's Concordance
4702:Ancient inscriptions
3579:, right-side
789:ə, e, ’, or nothing
5404:Brown–Driver–Briggs
4426:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
4391:"בני פלד כ" כנעני""
4368:"כללי הכתיב החדשים"
4348:on 27 February 2009
3613:, left-side
3488:for reduced kamats
3448:for reduced patach
2780:) and resh (
603:is used instead of
187:1:9, "And God said,
5253:Law of attenuation
4763:Reading traditions
4513:"כיצד לנקד במקלדת"
3528:for reduced segol
1866: (that is,
718:Alternative names
635:by many Israelis.
544:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
193:Letters in black,
5427:
5426:
5283:Verbal morphology
5222:
5221:
4740:
4318:978-90-04-17642-3
4192:Hebrew diacritics
4166:SIL International
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
3645:
3644:
3565:for the Shin dot
3110:
3078:Microsoft Windows
3063:
3062:
3023:שִׁי״ן שְׂמָאלִית
928:
927:
496:) enacted by the
431:Early Middle Ages
408:
393:
366:
351:
316:
315:
151:Other diacritics
146:
145:
5447:
5373:Unicode and HTML
4839:
4838:
4827:
4819:
4811:
4792:
4737:northern dialect
4734:
4666:
4659:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4614:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4516:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4461:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4422:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4304:
4298:
4293:
4278:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4157:
4147:
4140:
4121:
4096:
4076:
4047:
4022:
3996:
3970:
3945:
3920:
3895:
3870:
3845:
3820:
3795:
3770:
3752:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3638:
3637:
3621:
3612:
3606:
3599:for the Sin dot
3587:
3578:
3572:
3553:
3543:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3513:
3503:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3473:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3436:
3424:
3423:
3407:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3357:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3323:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3289:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3255:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3221:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3187:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3118:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3058:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3018:
2993:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2884:Ten Commandments
2881:
2877:
2851:
2850:
2825:
2813:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2667:
2666:
2636:
2635:
2610:
2598:
2589:
2588:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2428:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2176:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2096:
2092:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2012:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1932:
1928:
1916:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1787:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1682:
1674:
1664:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1607:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1434:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1354:
1342:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1265:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1185:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1105:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1025:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
947:
946:
921:
920:
914:
913:
901:
900:
894:
893:
876:
875:
869:
868:
856:
855:
849:
848:
827:
818:
817:
815:
807:
795:
782:
773:
772:
747:
724:Scientific name
709:
708:
696:triangular colon
675:Note concerning
661:
654:
647:
626:
625:
623:
612:
611:
607:for the toponym
586:
585:
574:
573:
565:
564:
551:
550:
495:
494:
481:
480:
415:
403:
400:
388:
386:
385:
384:
373:
361:
358:
346:
344:
343:
342:
209:Niqqud articles
204:
196:
179:
51:
50:
40:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5382:Reference works
5377:
5312:
5308:Vav-consecutive
5257:
5236:Biblical Hebrew
5218:
5165:
5150:Mater lectionis
5122:
5022:
4899:
4853:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4788:
4758:
4720:
4675:
4673:Hebrew language
4670:
4633:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4518:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4442:
4423:
4410:
4396:
4394:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4319:
4305:
4301:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4250:
4246:
4225:
4220:
4212:Hebrew keyboard
4207:Tiberian Hebrew
4202:Hebrew spelling
4175:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3688:
3669:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3608:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3574:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3527:
3520:
3515:
3505:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3398:
3391:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3167:
3160:
3155:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3107:
3100:
3080:
3068:
2970:, "right Shin"
2967:שִׁי״ן יְמָנִית
2731:applied make up
2656:(as opposed to
1877:פַּתָּח גָּנוּב
1443:tsere, tzeirei
1016:
924:
904:
879:
859:
736:Transliteration
701:
685:
641:
621:
525:Tiberian Hebrew
451:Tiberian Hebrew
427:Hebrew alphabet
199:
198:
194:
191:
188:
162:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
38:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5453:
5443:
5442:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5357:modern Israeli
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5246:Philippi's law
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5161:Plene scriptum
5158:
5153:
5146:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4631:External links
4629:
4626:
4625:
4601:
4577:
4550:
4529:
4526:on 2020-08-06.
4504:
4495:
4480:
4469:on 3 July 2014
4447:
4440:
4408:
4381:
4359:
4333:
4317:
4299:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4270:
4243:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:Q're perpetuum
4194:
4189:
4174:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4152:
4149:
4142:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3837:Reduced Kamatz
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3812:Reduced Patach
3809:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3687:
3684:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3603:
3602:the key above
3600:
3596:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3569:
3568:the key above
3566:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3383:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3079:
3076:
3072:World Wide Web
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3027:
3026:, "left Shin"
3013:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2971:
2957:
2952:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2927:
2908:
2907:ă, ĕ, ĭ, or ŭ
2905:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2770:
2769:
2746:
2678:Israeli Hebrew
2647:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2590:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2379:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1826:
1823:
1814:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1666:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1563:More commonly
1561:
1558:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1190:Reduced kamatz
1187:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1132:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:Reduced patach
1107:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
960:
950:
948:
941:
936:
930:
929:
926:
925:
923:
922:
915:
907:
905:
903:
902:
895:
887:
885:
881:
880:
878:
877:
874:הִתְקַפַּלְתְּ
870:
862:
860:
858:
857:
854:הִתְמוֹטַטְתְּ
850:
842:
840:
836:
835:
830:Shva denoting
828:
822:
808:) or shva na (
790:
787:
774:
767:
762:
757:
754:
749:
742:
741:
738:
733:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
699:
690:) indicates a
683:
640:
637:
615:Farrah Fawcett
447:Masoretic Text
443:Land of Israel
314:
313:
211:
210:
206:
205:
181:
180:
172:
171:
167:
166:
152:
148:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
116:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5452:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Semitic roots
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:Modern Hebrew
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:Abbreviations
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5093:Kubutz/shuruk
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4655:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4611:
4605:
4587:
4581:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4484:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4443:
4441:9780199812790
4437:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4405:
4392:
4385:
4369:
4363:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4330:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4258:, especially
4257:
4256:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3787:Reduced Segol
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3625:
3617:
3616:
3601:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3567:
3557:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3498:
3493:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3440:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3384:
3378:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3207:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2929:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2888:cantillations
2885:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2762:Modern Hebrew
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:kamats hatuf
2182:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:קָמֶץ גָּדוֹל
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:קָמָץ גָּדוֹל
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:פַּתָּח מָלֵא
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1862:, and
1843:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:סֶגּוֹל מָלֵא
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:חִירִיק מָלֵא
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:hataf kamats
1191:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:חֲטַף פַּתָּח
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:חֲטַף סֶגּוֹל
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1030:Reduced segol
1021:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
984:
979:
975:
970:
966:
961:
957:
952:
951:
949:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
916:
909:
908:
906:
896:
889:
888:
886:
882:
871:
864:
863:
861:
851:
844:
843:
841:
837:
833:
819:
816:). Examples:
811:
803:
799:
788:
786:
780:
775:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
753:
743:
737:
732:
710:
707:
705:
700: ː
697:
693:
689:
684: ˘
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
656:
649:
636:
634:
630:
616:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
581:
577:
568:
559:
555:
545:
542:According to
540:
538:
537:
532:
531:
526:
522:
521:
516:
515:
510:
509:modern Hebrew
505:
503:
499:
489:
485:
479:כְּתִיב מָלֵא
475:
474:
468:
463:
460:
458:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
414:
406:
401:
399:
391:
378:
374:
372:
364:
359:
357:
349:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
202:
195:niqqud in red
192:
186:
182:
178:
173:
168:
165:
160:
156:
153:
150:
149:
141:
140: ׂ
136:
135: ׁ
131:
130: ֿ
126:
125: ּ
121:
120: ֻ
117:
115:
114:
110:
109: ֹ
105:
104: ָ
100:
99: ַ
95:
94: ֶ
90:
89: ֵ
86:
84:
83:
79:
78: ִ
74:
73: ֳ
69:
68: ֲ
64:
63: ֱ
59:
58: ְ
55:
53:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5204:Inverted nun
5189:Cantillation
5148:
5118:Sin/Shin dot
5027:
4890:Paleo-Hebrew
4711:from English
4616:. Retrieved
4604:
4592:. Retrieved
4580:
4568:. Retrieved
4562:
4553:
4541:. Retrieved
4532:
4524:the original
4507:
4498:
4483:
4471:. Retrieved
4464:the original
4450:
4430:
4402:
4395:. Retrieved
4384:
4372:. Retrieved
4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4346:the original
4336:
4322:
4308:
4302:
4296:Cantillation
4291:
4274:
4254:
4230:
4223:Bibliography
4183:
4182:equivalent,
4164:
4137:The letter "
4131:
4130:
3713:Niqqud input
3712:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3670:
3531:
3491:
3451:
3376:
3341:
3307:
3273:
3239:
3205:
3171:
3136:
3069:
3010:
2954:
2900:
2842:
2806:
2793:
2776:consonants (
2749:
2742:
2730:
2644:
2639:
2627:
2580:
2542:
2479:
2445:
2398:
2367:חוֹלָם מָלֵא
2360:
2305:
2271:
2227:
2193:
2181:Kamatz katan
2146:
2113:
2101:Kamatz malei
2062:
2029:
2017:Kamatz gadol
1989:פַּתַח מָלֵא
1982:
1950:pattaẖ maleʾ
1949:
1937:Patach malei
1890:
1872:patach ganuv
1871:
1841:
1804:
1764:סְגוֹל מָלֵא
1757:
1744:
1720:seggōl maleʾ
1719:
1657:
1624:
1577:
1564:
1546:צֵירֵי מָלֵא
1539:
1484:
1451:
1411:חִירֶק מָלֵא
1404:
1371:
1316:
1282:
1236:ḥăṭep̄ qāmeṣ
1235:
1202:
1162:חֲטֶף פַּתַח
1156:ḥăṭep̄ páṯaḥ
1155:
1123:ẖataf pattaẖ
1122:
1114:hataf patah
1082:חֲטֶף סְגוֹל
1076:ḥăṭep̄ səgōl
1075:
1043:ẖataf seggōl
1042:
1034:hataf segol
938:
764:
715:Common name
674:
658:
651:
644:
642:
632:
628:
604:
600:
597:Hebrew Bible
593:maalé adumím
592:
589:maalé edomím
588:
575:
566:
557:
553:
541:
534:
533:the same as
528:
518:
512:
506:
501:
487:
483:
471:
466:
464:
461:
456:ktiv menuqad
454:
410:
395:
368:
353:
330:
326:
317:
311:Sin/Shin dot
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
201:cantillation
190:
155:cantillation
43:
5209:Shekel sign
5171:Punctuation
5136:with Niqqud
5046:Palestinian
4835:Orthography
4815:Palestinian
3106:Explanation
2922: or
2878: or
2766:profanities
2405:חֹלֶם מָלֵא
2399:ḥōlem mālēʾ
2361:ẖōlam mālēʾ
2352:holam male
2348:Holam malei
2234:קָמֶץ קָטָן
2228:qāmeṣ qāṭān
2200:קָמָץ קָטָן
2194:qamaṣ qatan
2153:קָמֶץ מָלֵא
2147:qāmeṣ mālēʾ
2120:קָמָץ מָלֵא
2114:qamaṣ maleʾ
2063:qāmeṣ gāḏōl
2030:qamaṣ gadōl
1983:páṯaḥ mālēʾ
1758:səḡōl mālēʾ
1707:Segol malei
1584:צֵרֵי מָלֵא
1527:Zeire malei
1405:ḥīreq mālēʾ
1372:ẖīrīq maleʾ
1359:Hiriq malei
1242:חֲטֶף קָמֶץ
1209:חֲטַף קָמָץ
1203:ẖataf qamaṣ
692:short vowel
631:instead of
591:instead of
584:מעלה אדומים
419:diacritical
323:orthography
5359:literature
5179:Diacritics
5041:Babylonian
4823:Babylonian
4618:12 October
4594:12 October
4570:12 October
4543:12 October
4517:(Hebrew);
4473:12 October
4397:12 October
4374:12 October
4352:12 October
4326:שער למתחיל
4283:References
3726:(Windows)
3721:(Windows)
2778:א, ה, ח, ע
2754:gemination
2743:tipped ash
2674:allophonic
2105:kamats he
1711:segol yod
1578:ṣērē mālēʾ
1540:ṣērē maleʾ
1363:hiriq yod
867:קִפַּלְתְּ
847:קִמַּטְתְּ
473:ktiv maleh
19:See also:
5228:Phonology
5199:Gershayim
5051:Samaritan
4826:(extinct)
4818:(extinct)
4810:(extinct)
4802:Samaritan
4770:Ashkenazi
4680:Overviews
4564:Microsoft
4239:0024-1091
4231:Ha-ʻIvrit
3650:Windows 7
3425:(kubuts)
3245:(dagesh)
3177:(patach)
3142:(kamatz)
3085:Windows 8
2942:shin dot
2658:fricative
2522:,
2518:,
2340:,
2336:,
2093:,
1941:patah he
1929:,
1858:,
1836:,
1832:,
1699:,
1695:,
1519:,
1515:,
839:shva naḥ
740:Comments
681:diacritic
670:Ashkenazi
558:metaavním
435:Masoretes
383:נְקֻדּוֹת
164:gershayim
5434:Category
5368:Surnames
5344:Keyboard
5317:Academic
5303:Segolate
5298:Suffixes
5293:Prefixes
5271:Biblical
5214:Numerals
5128:Spelling
5036:Tiberian
4905:Alphabet
4895:Solitreo
4885:Crowning
4849:Biblical
4807:Tiberian
4797:Yemenite
4775:Sephardi
4749:Medieval
4744:Mishnaic
4732:Biblical
4716:Gematria
4692:Alphabet
4687:Language
4493:(Hebrew)
4428:(2020).
4173:See also
4027: –
4015:(right)
4013:Shin dot
3734:Unicode
3731:(macOS)
3382:(holam)
3347:(tsere)
3313:(segol)
3279:(hiriq)
3220:בּ וּ הּ
3211:(sheva)
3066:Keyboard
3047:Tiberian
3002:sin dot
2994:
2950:Tiberian
2938:Shin dot
2934:
2896:Tiberian
2826:
2814:
2802:Tiberian
2774:guttural
2748:"dagesh
2611:
2576:Tiberian
2549:שׁוּרוּק
2526:
2475:Tiberian
2429:
2394:Tiberian
2344:
2301:Tiberian
2255:
2223:Tiberian
2177:
2142:Tiberian
2097:
2058:Tiberian
2013:
1978:Tiberian
1933:
1886:Tiberian
1852:/ˈno.ax/
1788:
1753:Tiberian
1703:
1665:
1653:Tiberian
1608:
1573:Tiberian
1523:
1480:Tiberian
1435:
1400:Tiberian
1355:
1312:Tiberian
1266:
1231:Tiberian
1186:
1151:Tiberian
1106:
1071:Tiberian
1026:
934:Tiberian
912:שָׂרְדוּ
892:שָׁדְדוּ
884:shva na
748:
666:Israelis
554:mitabním
439:Tiberias
413:nəquddōṯ
405:Tiberian
363:Tiberian
170:Example
5353:ancient
5329:Academy
5324:Revival
5263:Grammar
5140:missing
4880:Cursive
4870:Braille
4858:Scripts
4785:Mizrahi
4780:Italian
4697:History
4185:harakat
3989:(left)
3987:Sin dot
3740:Result
3639:(rafe)
3622:
3607:
3588:
3573:
3554:
3544:
3526:
3514:
3504:
3486:
3474:
3464:
3437:
3422:קֻבּוּץ
3408:
3397:
3390:
3370:
3358:
3336:
3324:
3302:
3290:
3268:
3256:
3234:
3222:
3200:
3188:
3166:
3154:
3131:
3119:
3011:śin dot
3006:Israeli
2998:Sin dot
2955:šin dot
2946:Israeli
2838:Israeli
2812:דָּגֵשׁ
2740:/iˈfer/
2728:/iˈper/
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2654:plosive
2634:דָּגֵשׁ
2623:Israeli
2619:dagesh
2587:שׁוּרֶק
2538:Israeli
2508:u or ú
2486:קִבּוּץ
2452:קֻבּוּץ
2441:Israeli
2356:Israeli
2267:Israeli
2189:Israeli
2109:Israeli
2025:Israeli
2021:kamats
1945:Israeli
1919:a or á
1811:פַּתָּח
1800:Israeli
1747:(IPA )
1715:Israeli
1685:e or é
1631:סֶגּוֹל
1620:Israeli
1567:(IPA )
1535:Israeli
1447:Israeli
1367:Israeli
1289:חִירִיק
1278:Israeli
1198:Israeli
1143:a or á
1118:Israeli
1063:e or é
1038:Israeli
821:Niqqud
814:שווא נע
806:שווא נח
760:Israeli
727:Hebrew
712:Symbol
662:
655:
648:
605:yotváta
601:yotvetá
580:toponym
549:מתאבנים
398:nekudót
341:נִקּוּד
203:in blue
5440:Niqqud
5349:Hebrew
5276:Modern
5194:Geresh
5103:Mappiq
5098:Dagesh
5083:Kamatz
5028:Niqqud
4983:Samech
4875:Ashuri
4790:Syrian
4754:Modern
4438:
4315:
4251:
4237:
4180:Arabic
4132:Notes:
4113:Kubutz
4088:Shuruk
4068:Mappiq
4064:Dagesh
3962:Kamatz
3937:Patach
3729:Input
3099:Niqqud
3017:שִׂי"ן
2961:שִׁי"ן
2914:בגדכפת
2868:dagesh
2794:mappiq
2724:אִפֵּר
2664:בגדכפת
2645:varied
2640:varied
2615:Dagesh
2530:Shuruk
2433:Kubutz
2278:חוֹלָם
2263:holam
1897:פַּתַח
1842:before
1805:pattaẖ
1796:patah
1792:Patach
1663:סְגוֹל
1625:seggōl
1616:segol
1458:צֵירֵי
1323:חִירֶק
1274:hiriq
945:שְׁוָא
810:Hebrew
802:Hebrew
771:שְׁוָא
756:sheva
698:symbol
694:; the
622:
567:teavón
536:qamatz
527:, and
502:niqqud
484:niqqud
467:niqqud
423:vowels
409:
394:
390:Modern
377:Hebrew
371:niqqūḏ
367:
352:
348:Modern
335:Hebrew
327:niqqud
320:Hebrew
307:·
305:
299:·
297:
295:Kubutz
291:·
289:
287:Shuruk
283:·
281:
279:Mappiq
275:·
273:
271:Dagesh
267:·
265:
259:·
257:
255:Kamatz
251:·
249:
247:Patach
243:·
241:
235:·
233:
227:·
225:
219:·
217:
159:geresh
44:Niqqud
27:, and
5363:Names
5339:Ulpan
5334:Study
5184:Meteg
5108:Maqaf
5088:Holam
5078:Pataḥ
5073:Segol
5068:Tzere
5063:Hiriq
4998:Tsadi
4968:Lamed
4943:Zayin
4928:Dalet
4923:Gimel
4865:Rashi
4613:(PDF)
4589:(PDF)
4467:(PDF)
4460:(PDF)
4218:Notes
4109:05BB
4084:05BC
4060:05BC
4039:Holam
4035:05B9
4009:05C1
3983:05C2
3958:05B8
3933:05B7
3912:Segol
3908:05B6
3887:Zeire
3883:05B5
3862:Hiriq
3858:05B4
3833:05B3
3808:05B2
3783:05B1
3762:Sh'va
3758:05B0
3737:Type
3719:Input
3700:hataf
3696:sofit
3692:macOS
3686:macOS
3680:AltGR
3676:Linux
3667:Linux
3654:below
3627:AltGr
3593:AltGr
3559:AltGr
3519:AltGr
3479:AltGr
3442:AltGr
3413:AltGr
3363:AltGr
3329:AltGr
3295:AltGr
3276:ירִיק
3261:AltGr
3227:AltGr
3193:AltGr
3159:AltGr
3124:AltGr
3089:later
3057:]
3053:[
3034:]
3030:[
2982:š/sh
2978:]
2974:[
2870:or a
2849:רָפֵה
2834:rafe
2807:dāḡēš
2736:אִפֵר
2676:; in
2628:dageš
2597:]
2593:[
2581:šūreq
2559:]
2555:[
2543:šūrūq
2504:]
2500:[
2496:]
2492:[
2480:qībūṣ
2462:]
2458:[
2446:qubūṣ
2415:]
2411:[
2377:]
2373:[
2322:]
2318:[
2312:חֹלֶם
2306:ḥōlem
2288:]
2284:[
2272:ẖolam
2259:Holam
2244:]
2240:[
2210:]
2206:[
2163:]
2159:[
2130:]
2126:[
2079:]
2075:[
2046:]
2042:[
1999:]
1995:[
1966:]
1962:[
1915:]
1911:[
1907:]
1903:[
1891:páṯaḥ
1821:]
1817:[
1774:]
1770:[
1736:]
1732:[
1681:]
1677:[
1673:]
1669:[
1658:səḡōl
1641:]
1637:[
1612:Segol
1594:]
1590:[
1556:]
1552:[
1501:]
1497:[
1468:]
1464:[
1439:Zeire
1421:]
1417:[
1388:]
1384:[
1341:]
1337:[
1333:]
1329:[
1317:ḥīreq
1299:]
1295:[
1283:ẖīrīq
1270:Hiriq
1252:]
1248:[
1219:]
1215:[
1172:]
1168:[
1139:]
1135:[
1092:]
1088:[
1059:]
1055:[
1012:]
1008:[
1003:]
999:[
994:]
990:[
985:]
981:[
976:]
972:[
967:]
963:[
958:]
954:[
939:šəwāʾ
919:זְמַן
899:לְאַט
781:]
777:[
752:Sh'va
721:Type
688:breve
639:Chart
633:fóset
610:יטבתה
563:תאבון
530:pataḥ
520:segol
514:tzere
445:(see
356:nikúd
331:nikud
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
263:Holam
261:
253:
245:
239:Segol
237:
231:Zeire
229:
223:Hiriq
221:
5144:full
5113:Rafe
5058:Shva
5013:Shin
5008:Resh
4988:Ayin
4913:Alef
4842:Eras
4725:Eras
4620:2019
4596:2019
4572:2019
4545:2019
4475:2019
4436:ISBN
4399:2019
4376:2019
4354:2019
4313:ISBN
4235:ISSN
4178:The
3698:and
3673:GTK+
3636:רפֿה
3633:for
3419:for
3385:the
3372:for
3344:ירֵי
3338:for
3304:for
3270:for
3236:for
3202:for
3168:for
3133:for
3038:ś/s
2948:and
2901:rāfa
2872:rafe
2864:YIVO
2843:rafe
2830:Rafe
2733:vs.
2714:and
2693:and
2668:(in
2524:בוּא
2520:בוּה
1847:נֹחַ
1491:צֵרי
1485:ṣērē
1452:ṣērē
765:švaʾ
704:long
629:fost
624:פוסט
620:פארה
576:éven
303:Rafe
215:Shva
185:Gen.
5018:Tav
5003:Kuf
4993:Pei
4978:Nun
4973:Mem
4963:Kaf
4958:Yud
4953:Tet
4948:Ḥet
4938:Vav
4933:Hei
4918:Bet
4066:or
4052:=
3724:Key
3671:In
3648:In
3534:גול
3310:גול
3208:ווא
3206:שְׁ
3087:or
3083:In
2568:/u/
2516:בוּ
2498:or
2386:vav
2342:בֹא
2338:בֹה
2334:בוֹ
2095:בָא
2091:בָה
1931:בַא
1927:בַה
1909:or
1701:בֶא
1697:בֶה
1693:בֶי
1675:or
1521:בֵא
1517:בֵה
1513:בֵי
1353:בִי
1335:or
826:/e/
796:or
794:/e/
783:or
731:IPA
677:IPA
657:or
572:אבן
437:of
329:or
318:In
5436::
5355:/
5351:/
5142:/
5138:/
4709:/
4561:.
4411:^
4401:.
4321:.
4268:§9
4266:,
4264:§8
4262:,
4260:§7
4106:8
4101:\
4081:U
4057:,
4032:=
4006:M
4001:0
3980:A
3975:9
3955:7
3950:8
3930:6
3925:7
3905:9
3900:6
3880:5
3875:5
3855:4
3850:4
3830:2
3825:3
3805:1
3800:2
3780:3
3775:1
3755:0
3745:~
3620:אֿ
3586:שׂ
3552:שׁ
3532:סֶ
3512:אֱ
3494:מץ
3492:קָ
3472:אֳ
3454:תח
3452:פַ
3435:אֲ
3406:אֻ
3379:לם
3377:וֹ
3356:אֹ
3342:צֵ
3322:אֵ
3308:סֶ
3288:אֶ
3274:חִ
3254:אִ
3242:גש
3240:דּ
3186:בְ
3174:תח
3172:פַ
3152:אַ
3139:מץ
3137:קָ
3117:אָ
3059:.
3020:,
2992:שׂ
2964:,
2932:שׁ
2824:בֿ
2745:).
2707:,
2686:,
2609:בּ
2601:ū
2595:uː
2563:ū
2502:uː
2466:u
2427:בֻ
2419:ō
2413:oː
2388:.
2381:ō
2375:o̞
2326:ō
2320:oː
2292:o
2286:o̞
2253:בֹ
2214:o
2208:o̞
2175:בׇ
2167:â
2161:ɔː
2134:a
2083:ā
2077:ɔː
2050:a
2011:בָ
2003:a
1997:aː
1970:a
1913:aː
1864:הּ
1825:a
1786:בַ
1778:ệ
1772:ɛː
1745:ei
1740:e
1734:e̞
1679:ɛː
1645:e
1639:e̞
1606:בֶ
1598:ē
1592:eː
1565:ei
1560:ē
1554:e̞
1505:ē
1499:eː
1472:e
1466:e̞
1433:בֵ
1425:ī
1419:iː
1392:ī
1345:ī
1339:iː
1303:ī
1264:בִ
1256:ŏ
1250:ɔ̆
1223:ŏ
1217:o̞
1184:חֳ
1176:ă
1104:חֲ
1096:ĕ
1090:ɛ̆
1057:e̞
1024:חֱ
992:ɔ̆
965:ɛ̆
812::
804::
779:e̞
746:בְ
706:.
650:,
511:,
459:.
449:,
402:,
387:,
379::
360:,
345:,
337::
325:,
197:,
157:,
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4793:)
4787:(
4739:)
4735:(
4665:e
4658:t
4651:v
4622:.
4598:.
4574:.
4547:.
4515:.
4491:.
4477:.
4444:.
4378:.
4356:.
4241:.
4187:.
4156:ו
4146:ש
4139:ס
3656:.
3631:]
3629:+
3611:ש
3605:ש
3597:Q
3595:+
3577:ש
3571:ש
3563:W
3561:+
3542:ס
3524:ב
3521:+
3502:ק
3484:ר
3481:+
3462:פ
3446:[
3444:+
3417:\
3415:+
3395:ח
3388:ו
3375:ח
3368:ו
3365:+
3334:צ
3331:+
3300:ס
3297:+
3266:ח
3263:+
3232:ד
3229:+
3198:ש
3195:+
3164:פ
3161:+
3129:ק
3126:+
3055:ɬ
3032:s
2976:ʃ
2924:א
2920:ה
2880:א
2876:ה
2855:Ø
2790:א
2786:ה
2782:ר
2750:h
2717:פ
2710:כ
2703:ב
2696:ת
2689:ד
2682:ג
2557:u
2494:u
2460:u
2242:ɔ
2128:a
2044:a
1964:a
1905:a
1874:(
1868:ה
1860:ע
1856:ח
1838:ה
1834:ע
1830:ח
1819:a
1671:ɛ
1386:i
1331:i
1297:i
1170:ă
1137:a
1010:ŭ
1001:ŏ
983:ĭ
974:ĕ
956:ă
832:Ø
798:Ø
785:Ø
686:(
660:ש
653:ח
646:ב
617:(
490:(
476:(
407::
392::
365::
350::
333:(
161:,
37:.
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