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674:, he wanted troops from the entire region under his control, this included troops from the Netherlands. Louis, confronted by his brother's demand, refused point-blank. Napoleon then accused Louis of putting Dutch interests above those of France, and removed most of the French forces in Holland for the coming war in the east, leaving only about 9,000 garrison soldiers in the country. Unfortunately for Louis, the English landed an army of 40,000 in 1809 in
495:. Thanks to his older brother, Napoleon, Louis was given a commission in the French Military, and was promoted to Lieutenant in the 4th Artillery Regiment, and from there he was made Aide de Camp on Napoleon's staff. Napoleon, during his Italian Campaign, recommended Louis to Carnot, and Louis was consequently made a captain. He later became a
621:, and other places. On one occasion, after visiting the home of a wealthy Dutch merchant, he liked the place so much that he had the owner evicted so he could take up residence there. Then, Louis moved again after seven weeks. His constant moving kept the court in upheaval since they had to follow him everywhere. The European
756:
allowed him a visit in 1840. Although traveling in the
Netherlands under a false name, some people found out that it was their former king, which led to a cheering crowd gathering under the window of his hotel room. It is said that he was quite moved by this demonstration of affection from his former
636:
in Paris, while Louis was in
Holland. In 1806, Louis called for his son to be sent to him in Holland, but he was again refused by Hortense, who believed that her son would never be returned to France. When Louis appealed to his brother Napoleon for help, Napoleon sided with Hortense. Napoleon kept
685:, and successfully repelled the invasion. Napoleon then suggested that Louis should abdicate, citing Louis's inability to protect Holland as a reason. Louis refused and declared the occupation of the Kingdom by a French army as unlawful. On 1 July 1810 Louis abdicated in favor of his second son,
669:
Louis
Bonaparte's reign was short-lived due to two factors. The first was that Napoleon wanted to reduce the value of French loans from Dutch investors by two-thirds, meaning a serious economic blow to the Netherlands. The second became the pretext for Napoleon's demand of Louis's abdication. As
825:
This marriage had been forced upon them and was rather loveless, though they supposedly consummated it and interacted often enough to produce three sons. As a rule, the
Bonapartes, except Napoleon, loathed the Beauharnaises. Hortense also certainly had extra-marital lovers.
605:
who, in France at the time of his demands, refused his request. Louis and
Hortense had never gotten along, and this demand further strained their relationship. She only came to Holland reluctantly and deliberately tried to avoid Louis as much as possible.
748:, where he turned to writing and poetry. Louis wrote to Napoleon after the latter's defeat in Russia to request that the Dutch throne be restored to him; however, Napoleon refused. His request to visit the Netherlands was denied several times by King
850:, born 11 October 1804. Became Prince Royal of Holland on his brother's death, and was King for eight days in 1810, between his father's abdication (1 July) and the fall of Holland to Napoleon Bonaparte's invading army (9 July). Sovereign of the
600:
Having declared himself Dutch, Louis tried to make his court Dutch as well. He forced his court and ministers (mostly provided by
Napoleon) to speak only Dutch and to renounce their French citizenships. This latter was too much for his wife
1209:
327:
1216:
421:, but Louis was determined to be as independent as possible and became quite popular amongst his new people. Growing tired of his brother's wilfulness, Napoleon annexed Holland into the
640:
4516:
3743:
837:
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in 1807, and a major flood in
Holland in 1809. In both instances, Louis personally and effectively oversaw local relief efforts, which helped earn him the title of
518:, and hence Napoleon's stepdaughter. Hortense was opposed to the marriage at first. She was soon persuaded by her mother to marry Louis for the sake of the family.
578:(adopting the Dutch form of his name) and declared himself Dutch rather than French. Allegedly, his Dutch was initially so poor that he told the people he was the
1202:
193:
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1363:
570:
of
Holland. However, Louis had his mind and tried to be a responsible and independent ruler. To endear himself to his adopted country, he tried to learn the
3822:
4456:
1825:
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as the rightful
Emperor of the French, although Louis took little action himself to advance the claim. Louis's son and heir, the future Emperor
4451:
1225:
3736:
3377:
829:
Hortense de
Beauharnais gave birth to three sons who were officially claimed by Louis Bonaparte, despite his doubts about their paternity:
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Louis could never settle on the location of his capital city while he was in Holland. He changed capitals over a dozen times, trying
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on 5 June 1806 and placed Louis on the throne. Napoleon had intended for his younger brother to be little more than a
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977:
Joor, Johan (2016). "The Napoleonic Period in Holland from a Dutch Historical Perspective". In Planert, Ute (ed.).
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the boy in his court, and he even had him named the heir to the French throne before the birth of his son.
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665:âłBrother, when they say of some king or other that he is good, it means that he has failed in his rule.âł
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822:. Josephine was the first wife of Louis's brother Napoleon. Thus Hortense was also Louis's step-niece.
682:
395:
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4012:
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586:("King of Holland"). However, his sincere effort to learn Dutch earned him respect from his subjects.
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768:, on the other hand, was at that time being imprisoned in France for having attempted a Bonapartist
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after abdicating as King of Holland, wearing the uniform of a Dutch cavalry general, painted by
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1967:
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1901:
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1835:
417:, appointing Louis as the new king. Napoleon had intended for Holland to be little more than a
182:
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went so far as to petition Bonaparte to remain in one place so they could keep up with him.
477:
347:
50:
2270:
1866:
1037:
780:
726:
678:. With Louis unable to defend his realm, France sent 80,000 militiamen, commanded by future
197:
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8:
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1876:
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1820:
1597:
1229:
851:
841:
804:
730:
491:
Louis Bonaparte's early career was spent in the Army, and he served with Napoleon in the
422:
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2159:
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2002:
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4092:
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2017:
1982:
1957:
1759:
1709:
1659:
1637:
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1612:
1380:
1099:
864:, (1808â73). Born in Paris, he was the third and last son, and became Sovereign of the
694:
563:
473:
351:
285:
91:
2455:
2385:
2350:
2340:
963:
21:
This article is about the King of Holland. For his son, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, see
4343:
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2537:
2527:
2506:
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2235:
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2164:
2022:
1952:
1805:
1724:
1719:
1077:
982:
933:
908:
559:
469:
414:
390:, out of eight children who lived past infancy. He and his siblings were all born in
305:
234:
162:
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1405:
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2179:
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2012:
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1320:
1285:
1159:
858:
on 17 March 1831, and his remains were buried at Saint-Leu-La-Foret, Ăle-de-France.
622:
567:
503:
502:
Upon Louis's return to France, he was involved in Napoleon's plot to overthrow the
499:
by the age of 25, although he felt that he had risen too high in too short a time.
461:
453:
402:, where he benefited from Napoleon's patronage. In 1802, he married his step-niece
387:
383:
295:
114:
3317:
784:
4368:
4348:
4216:
4121:
3422:
3357:
3342:
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3106:
3081:
3056:
2884:
2718:
2240:
2048:
1972:
1947:
1699:
1587:
1511:
1305:
1132:
1067:
737:
465:
315:
59:
3689:
905:
War, Public Opinion and Policy in Britain, France and the Netherlands, 1785-1815
398:
less than a decade before his birth. Louis followed his older brothers into the
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3613:
3603:
3136:
2975:
2839:
2638:
2390:
1734:
1714:
1704:
1664:
1537:
721:
After his abdication, Louis Bonaparte assumed the title of Count of Saint-Leu (
679:
571:
375:
367:
1749:
1341:
957:
4415:
3177:
1881:
1739:
1669:
1295:
1073:
953:
795:
593:
760:
After the death of his eldest brother Joseph in 1844, Louis was seen by the
4211:
3989:
3926:
1729:
1565:
1332:
1315:
1186:
869:
765:
761:
596:
of Louis Napoléon minted in 1807. Inscription: NAP. LODEW. I KON. VAN HOLL.
507:
433:
418:
355:
252:
126:
22:
4050:
840:. When he died on 5 May 1807 at 4œ years of age, his body lay in state at
4176:
3971:
3955:
3818:
3786:
3517:
3487:
3475:
3432:
3187:
1414:
1258:
399:
359:
44:
3780:
3202:
1224:
893:â SociĂ©tĂ© d'Ăditions LittĂ©raires et Artistiques â Paris, 1907 â page 42
350:. He was a monarch in his own right from 1806 to 1810, ruling over the
651:
Two major tragedies occurred during the reign of Louis Bonaparte: the
3774:
1150:
693:
invaded Holland on 4 July. Napoleon annexed Holland to France by the
614:
610:
413:
In 1806, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Holland in place of the
4111:
4061:
3965:
3167:
1243:
343:
29:
1480:
655:
of a cargo ship loaded with gunpowder in the heart of the city of
562:
was too independent for his liking, Napoleon replaced it with the
855:
854:
in 1809-1813 (under regency). Napoleon Louis Bonaparte died from
776:
690:
618:
496:
449:
445:
391:
280:
178:
158:
154:
382:
Louis was the fifth surviving child and fourth surviving son of
656:
3751:
744:
offered him asylum. Between 1811 and 1813, he found refuge in
644:
Louis defends Dutch independence against Napoleon. Painted by
844:
in Paris. He is buried at Saint-Leu-La-Foret, Ile-de-France.
342:; 2 September 1778 â 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of
745:
710:
689:. He fled from Haarlem on 2/3 July and settled in Austria.
979:
Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective
1039:
Reponse Ă sir Walter Scott, sur son histoire de Napoleon
1005:
Napoleon and His Family: Moscow-Saint Helena, 1813â1821
488:, whom Letizia and her husband, Carlo, had befriended.
736:
After his Dutch kingdom was taken away from him, the
510:, Napoleon arranged for a marriage between Louis and
428:His youngest son, Louis-Napoléon, established the
1331:Several family members held additional titles in
4517:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
4413:
4268:Napoléon Charles, Prince of Canino and Musignano
1467:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
1035:
663:. Napoleon appeared disappointed and commented:
480:. Louis' godparents were the island's governor,
3680:England expects that every man will do his duty
1371:
4187:Charles Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
952:
927:
521:
4253:Joseph Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
4077:
3737:
1496:
1357:
1210:
4349:Marie, Princess George of Greece and Denmark
725:), which was a reference to his property at
4457:Bonapartist pretenders to the French throne
1042:(in French). Paris: C.J. Trouve. p. 1.
4278:Jeanne, Marchioness of Villeneuve-Escaplon
4084:
4070:
3744:
3730:
1503:
1489:
1364:
1350:
1217:
1203:
1065:
1018:
676:an attempt to capture Antwerp and Flushing
43:
4507:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
4202:Napoléon Charles, Prince Royal of Holland
4167:ZĂ©naĂŻde, Princess of Canino and Musignano
962:. New York: Knight Publications. p.
902:
4308:Princess Marie Letizia, Duchess of Aosta
3810:Imperial Eagle of the House of Bonaparte
1025:(in French). Paris: Vergne. p. 130.
794:
790:
775:Louis Bonaparte died on 25 July 1846 in
704:
639:
588:
543:
525:
358:roughly corresponding to the modern-day
814:, the daughter of the deceased general
810:Louis was married on 4 January 1802 to
670:Napoleon was preparing an army for his
226: 1802; died 1837)
4414:
4354:Marie Clotilde, Countess Serge de Witt
4273:Roland, Prince of Canino and Musignano
4258:Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
4117:Lucien, Prince of Canino and Musignano
1826:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
4452:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
4065:
3725:
3508:Spanish American wars of independence
1484:
1345:
1198:
799:Louis Bonaparte with his second son,
374:
362:). In that capacity, he was known as
4091:
1001:
976:
733:in 1808, a strictly honorary title.
729:near Paris. He was appointed as the
425:in 1810, and Louis went into exile.
104:28 July 1844 â 25 July 1846
4283:Napoléon, Prince Imperial of France
4263:Augusta, Princess Placido Gabrielli
4182:Charlotte, Princess Mario Gabrielli
4053:from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II
3493:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1510:
1254:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
582:("Rabbit of 'Olland"), rather than
554:List of monarchs of the Netherlands
253:Napoleon III, Emperor of the French
13:
4492:People from the Kingdom of Holland
3805:
3801:Coat of arms of the House of Capet
3796:
1059:
981:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 61.
930:Napoleon: A Biographical Companion
493:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
14:
4543:
1471:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
816:Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais
779:, and his remains were buried at
484:, and the wife of the intendant,
16:King of Holland from 1806 to 1810
4442:French people of Italian descent
4401:Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon
4339:Princess Mary, Mrs. Enrico Gotti
4232:Mathilde, Princess of San Donato
4150:
3368:Frederick William III of Prussia
3348:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1404:
1267:
1249:Joséphine, Empress of the French
1022:La famille Bonaparte depuis 1264
862:Charles Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
325:
4497:Parents of presidents of France
4447:Military personnel from Ajaccio
4344:Eugénie, Princess of La Moskowa
4122:Elisa, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3753:Pretenders to the French throne
3488:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3418:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1244:Napoleon, Emperor of the French
1008:. Allen & Unwin. p. 7.
820:Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie
223:
4132:Pauline, Princess of Guastalla
3403:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3313:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3258:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3253:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1046:
1029:
1012:
995:
970:
946:
921:
896:
883:
452:. He was a younger brother of
92:Head of the House of Bonaparte
1:
4532:French expatriates in Austria
4482:Princes of France (Bonaparte)
3428:Prince Charles John of Sweden
876:
439:
432:in 1852, proclaiming himself
194:Ăglise Saint-Leu-Saint Gilles
4033:Napoléon VII Jean-Christophe
1237:Emperor and immediate family
1181:28 July 1844 â 25 July 1846
750:William I of the Netherlands
396:had been conquered by France
115:Joseph, Count of Survilliers
7:
4502:Military governors of Paris
4462:19th-century Dutch monarchs
4237:Napoléon, Prince of Monfort
3893:Blancs d'Espagne succession
1373:Monarchs of the Netherlands
628:Hortense bore Louis's sons
522:King of Holland (1806â1810)
468:, and the older brother of
10:
4548:
3263:Frederick I of WĂŒrttemberg
1633:Confederation of the Rhine
1415:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1137:5 June 1806 â 1 July 1810
1069:Napoleon Bonaparte: A Life
903:Callister, Graeme (2017).
834:Napoleon Charles Bonaparte
630:Napoléon Charles Bonaparte
551:
27:
20:
4393:
4377:
4331:
4288:Prince Jerome Napoleon II
4245:
4159:
4148:
4137:Caroline, Queen of Naples
4099:
4046:
3954:
3891:
3817:
3794:
3763:
3642:
3526:
3441:
3423:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3413:William, Prince of Orange
3276:
3223:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
3156:
3149:
3029:
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2601:
2515:
2469:
2218:
2112:
2036:
1930:
1844:
1796:
1787:
1683:
1584:
1575:
1552:French Invasion of Russia
1518:
1463:
1413:
1402:
1379:
1329:
1276:
1265:
1236:
1183:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1093:
1036:Bonaparte, Louis (1829).
891:Napoleon dans se jeunesse
321:
311:
301:
291:
279:
270:
265:
261:
233:
205:
188:
168:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
120:
108:
97:
90:
86:
76:
65:
58:
42:
37:
4385:Charles, Prince Napoléon
3333:Archduke John of Austria
3328:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3173:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1226:Imperial House of France
932:. ABC-CLIO. p. 34.
907:. Springer. p. 62.
848:Napoleon Louis Bonaparte
836:, born 10 October 1802,
801:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
700:
687:Napoleon Louis Bonaparte
683:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
634:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
336:Louis Napoléon Bonaparte
271:Louis Napoléon Bonaparte
28:Not to be confused with
4467:Roman Catholic monarchs
4298:Victor, Prince Napoléon
3268:Frederick VI of Denmark
3218:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
2008:Greater Poland uprising
1831:Duc d'Enghien Execution
928:David Nicholls (1999).
868:(1852â1870) as Emperor
838:Prince Royal of Holland
812:Hortense de Beauharnais
548:Royal monogram of Louis
533:Constable of the Empire
512:Hortense de Beauharnais
404:Hortense de Beauharnais
212:Hortense de Beauharnais
4522:Monarchs who abdicated
4472:French Roman Catholics
4359:Louis, Prince Napoléon
4313:William Bonaparte-Wyse
4303:Prince Louis Bonaparte
4222:Prince JérÎme Napoléon
4197:Prince Pierre Napoléon
3956:Bonapartist pretenders
3811:
3802:
3388:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1836:Coronation of Napoleon
1259:Napoleon, King of Rome
807:
718:
648:
597:
549:
541:
486:Bertrand de Boucheporn
183:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4477:Dutch Roman Catholics
4364:Andrew Bonaparte-Wyse
4323:Lucien Bonaparte-Wyse
4142:JĂ©rĂŽme I of Westfalia
3809:
3800:
3675:Conference of Dresden
3584:Paris (February 1812)
3513:SwedishâNorwegian War
3338:Alexander I of Russia
1301:EugĂšne de Beauharnais
1174:Emperor of the French
1167:â TITULAR â
1002:Geer, Walter (1929).
798:
791:Marriage and children
708:
695:Decree of Rambouillet
643:
592:
547:
529:
506:. After becoming the
348:Emperor of the French
51:Charles Howard Hodges
4527:Constables of France
4318:Marie Bonaparte-Wyse
4029:Napoléon VII Charles
3629:Fontainebleau (1814)
3183:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2104:Invasion of Portugal
1469:(1813-1815) and the
866:Second French Empire
842:Notre Dame Cathedral
715:Vogel von Vogelstein
574:; he called himself
430:Second French Empire
376:[ËloËdÉÊÉik]
4207:Louis II of Holland
4192:Prince Louis Lucien
4051:Orléanist pretender
3823:Unionist pretenders
3655:Bourbon Restoration
3398:Maria I of Portugal
3383:Prince of Hohenlohe
3373:Gebhard von BlĂŒcher
2316:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1623:Swiss Confederation
1230:First French Empire
1066:Alan Schom (1998).
1019:Foissy, M. (1830).
852:Grand Duchy of Berg
805:Jean-Baptiste Wicar
731:Constable of France
709:Louis Bonaparte in
410:(Napoleon's wife).
4437:House of Bonaparte
4172:Princess Charlotte
4127:Louis I of Holland
3812:
3803:
3670:Continental System
3665:Congress of Erfurt
3589:Paris (March 1812)
3363:Peter Wittgenstein
3288:Duke of Wellington
3243:Prince Poniatowski
3208:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3193:Auguste de Marmont
2588:Arroyo dos Molinos
2436:Walcheren Campaign
2426:Armistice of Znaim
2321:Dalmatian Campaign
2246:Tyrolean Rebellion
1381:Kingdom of Holland
1151:Titles in pretence
1100:House of Bonaparte
956:, Yevgeny (1937).
889:FrĂ©dĂ©ric Masson â
808:
781:Saint-Leu-la-ForĂȘt
727:Saint-Leu-la-ForĂȘt
723:comte de Saint-Leu
719:
672:invasion of Russia
649:
598:
584:Koning van Holland
580:Konijn van 'Olland
564:Kingdom of Holland
550:
542:
514:, the daughter of
444:Louis was born in
406:, the daughter of
352:Kingdom of Holland
198:Saint-Leu-la-ForĂȘt
4409:
4408:
4107:Joseph I of Spain
4059:
4058:
4054:
4013:Napoléon V Victor
4009:Napoléon V JérÎme
3998:
3995:Emperor 1852â1870
3765:Monarchy in exile
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3707:Types of military
3503:Russo-Turkish War
3498:Russo-Persian War
3466:Anglo-Turkish War
3461:Anglo-Swedish War
3456:Anglo-Spanish War
3451:Anglo-Russian War
3378:Duke of Brunswick
3281:political leaders
3161:political leaders
3145:
3144:
2150:Medina de Rioseco
1872:Haslach-Jungingen
1806:French Revolution
1783:
1782:
1566:Seventh Coalition
1478:
1477:
1339:
1338:
1193:
1192:
1184:Succeeded by
1169:
1140:Succeeded by
1083:978-0-06-092958-9
939:978-0-87436-957-1
560:Batavian Republic
558:Feeling that the
531:Louis Bonaparte,
516:Empress Josephine
415:Batavian Republic
408:Empress Joséphine
333:
332:
316:Roman Catholicism
275:
274:
163:Kingdom of France
4539:
4154:
4093:Bonaparte family
4086:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4048:
3992:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3723:
3722:
3483:Dano-Swedish War
3471:Anglo-Danish War
3323:Archduke Charles
3238:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
3154:
3153:
3087:Castel di Sangro
2996:FĂšre-Champenoise
2649:GarcĂa HernĂĄndez
2563:Fuentes de Oñoro
2079:Guttstadt-Deppen
1816:Second Coalition
1794:
1793:
1775:French Royalists
1582:
1581:
1531:Fourth Coalition
1505:
1498:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1465:1. See also the
1455:Willem-Alexander
1408:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1321:Lucien Bonaparte
1311:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
1286:Joseph Bonaparte
1271:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1165:
1157:Preceded by
1116:
1109:
1108:2 September 1778
1095:Louis Bonaparte
1091:
1090:
1087:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1009:
999:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
950:
944:
943:
925:
919:
918:
900:
894:
887:
623:diplomatic corps
478:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
388:Letizia Ramolino
384:Carlo Buonaparte
378:
340:Luigi Buonaparte
329:
306:Letizia Ramolino
296:Carlo Buonaparte
263:
262:
243:Napoléon-Charles
227:
225:
175:
152:2 September 1778
123:
111:
102:
72:
47:
35:
34:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4422:Louis Bonaparte
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4389:
4373:
4369:Eugenia Rasponi
4327:
4241:
4217:Dermide Leclerc
4155:
4146:
4095:
4090:
4060:
4055:
4042:
3950:
3887:
3813:
3804:
3792:
3759:
3750:
3720:
3711:
3638:
3522:
3443:
3437:
3393:Miguel de Ălava
3358:Pyotr Bagration
3353:Count Bennigsen
3343:Mikhail Kutuzov
3308:Thomas Cochrane
3280:
3278:
3272:
3233:Louis Bonaparte
3160:
3158:
3157:French and ally
3141:
3025:
2941:ChĂąteau-Thierry
2904:
2768:
2739:Maloyaroslavets
2597:
2511:
2465:
2256:Yevenes/YĂ©benes
2214:
2130:Rosily Squadron
2108:
2032:
1998:Waren-Nossentin
1926:
1857:Cape Finisterre
1840:
1811:First Coalition
1789:
1779:
1686:
1679:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1571:
1559:Sixth Coalition
1545:Fifth Coalition
1524:Third Coalition
1514:
1512:Napoleonic Wars
1509:
1479:
1474:
1459:
1417:
1409:
1400:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1306:Elisa Bonaparte
1291:Louis Bonaparte
1272:
1263:
1232:
1223:
1189:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1145:
1136:
1133:King of Holland
1110:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1084:
1062:
1060:Further reading
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1000:
996:
989:
975:
971:
951:
947:
940:
926:
922:
915:
901:
897:
888:
884:
879:
818:, and his wife
793:
717:in 1813 or 1815
703:
556:
538:François Gérard
524:
466:Elisa Bonaparte
442:
257:
229:
221:
217:
214:
201:
177:
173:
153:
121:
109:
103:
98:
70:
60:King of Holland
54:
38:Louis Bonaparte
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4545:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4512:Exiled royalty
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4394:6th generation
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4378:5th generation
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4332:4th generation
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:Prince Charles
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4246:3rd generation
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4160:2nd generation
4157:
4156:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4100:1st generation
4097:
4096:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4025:
4019:
4005:
3999:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3959:
3958:(1814âpresent)
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3895:(1883âpresent)
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3825:(1830âpresent)
3815:
3814:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3770:
3768:
3761:
3760:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3702:Longwood House
3699:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:Count of Feira
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Horatio Nelson
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Marshal Victor
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:Arcis-sur-Aube
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Venta del Pozo
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Ciudad Rodrigo
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:Ciudad Rodrigo
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2461:Alba de Tormes
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Aspern-Essling
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:JenaâAuerstedt
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Ottoman Empire
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:United Kingdom
1691:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Ottoman Empire
1662:
1660:DenmarkâNorway
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Polish Legions
1600:
1594:
1592:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1538:Peninsular War
1534:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1418:(1815âpresent)
1411:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1278:French Princes
1274:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1177:King of Italy
1163:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1121:Regnal titles
1118:
1117:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1045:
1028:
1011:
994:
988:978-1137455475
987:
969:
945:
938:
920:
914:978-3319495897
913:
895:
881:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
859:
845:
792:
789:
702:
699:
680:King of Sweden
661:Louis the Good
572:Dutch language
568:French prefect
523:
520:
441:
438:
331:
330:
323:
319:
318:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
293:
289:
288:
283:
277:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
248:Napoléon-Louis
245:
239:
237:
231:
230:
219:
215:
210:
209:
207:
203:
202:
192:
190:
186:
185:
176:(aged 67)
170:
166:
165:
150:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
95:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
69:5 June 1806 â
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
48:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4544:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Prince JĂ©rĂŽme
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:Philippe VIII
3855:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3799:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:Miscellaneous
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Manuel Lapeña
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3248:Prince EugĂšne
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:André Masséna
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Joachim Murat
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Rocheserviere
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2810:San SebastiĂĄn
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Sankt Michael
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:Teugen-Hausen
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:client states
1583:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1334:
1333:vassal states
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Joachim Murat
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1074:HarperCollins
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1007:
1006:
998:
990:
984:
980:
973:
965:
961:
960:
955:
949:
941:
935:
931:
924:
916:
910:
906:
899:
892:
886:
882:
871:
867:
863:
860:
857:
853:
849:
846:
843:
839:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
823:
821:
817:
813:
806:
803:, painted by
802:
797:
788:
786:
785:Ăle-de-France
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
716:
712:
707:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
667:
666:
662:
658:
654:
647:
642:
638:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
595:
591:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
555:
546:
539:
535:
534:
528:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
482:Mr de Marbeuf
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
431:
426:
424:
423:French Empire
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
310:
307:
304:
300:
297:
294:
290:
287:
284:
282:
278:
269:
264:
260:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
238:
236:
232:
213:
208:
204:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
119:
116:
113:
107:
101:
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
68:
64:
61:
57:
52:
46:
41:
36:
31:
24:
19:
4487:Napoleon III
4212:Napoléon III
4126:
3990:Napoléon III
3983:
3851:Philippe VII
3690:Grande Armée
3650:Bibliography
3634:Paris (1815)
3594:Paris (1814)
3579:Paris (1810)
3559:Finckenstein
3534:Campo Formio
3293:Rowland Hill
3279:military and
3232:
3159:military and
3132:Rocquencourt
3001:Saint-Dizier
2971:Bar-sur-Aube
2926:Mincio River
2421:Schöngrabern
2200:2nd Zaragoza
2140:1st Zaragoza
2094:Stralsund II
1943:Campo Tenese
1917:Schöngrabern
1902:Cape Ortegal
1852:Diamond Rock
1730:Papal States
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1473:(1815â1839).
1390:
1316:Joseph Fesch
1290:
1187:Napoleon III
1172:
1171:
1166:
1131:
1126:
1115:25 July 1846
1112:
1105:
1098:
1068:
1048:
1038:
1031:
1021:
1014:
1004:
997:
978:
972:
958:
948:
929:
923:
904:
898:
890:
885:
870:Napoleon III
828:
824:
809:
774:
766:Napoleon III
762:Bonapartists
759:
735:
722:
720:
668:
664:
660:
650:
627:
608:
599:
583:
579:
575:
557:
530:
508:First Consul
501:
490:
443:
434:Napoleon III
427:
419:puppet state
412:
381:
371:
363:
356:client state
339:
335:
334:
174:(1846-07-25)
172:25 July 1846
127:Napoleon III
122:Succeeded by
99:
49:Portrait by
23:Napoleon III
18:
4432:1846 deaths
4427:1778 births
4177:Napoléon II
4023:Napoléon VI
4003:Napoléon IV
3972:Napoléon II
3939:Alphonse II
3921:Charles XII
3787:Louis XVIII
3767:(1792â1815)
3518:War of 1812
3476:Gunboat War
3433:Louis XVIII
3188:Jean Lannes
3102:Quatre Bras
3092:San Germano
3042:Occhiobello
2931:Champaubert
2921:La RothiĂšre
2845:San Marcial
2729:2nd Polotsk
2694:1st Polotsk
2679:Majadahonda
2619:Villagarcia
2548:Campo Maior
2336:Piave River
2261:Ciudad Real
2251:Villafranca
2120:Dos de Mayo
2069:Stralsund I
1821:18 Brumaire
1755:Netherlands
1653:WĂŒrttemberg
1435:William III
1384:(1806â1810)
770:coup d'Ă©tat
752:, but King
697:on 9 July.
400:French Army
360:Netherlands
110:Preceded by
71:1 July 1810
4416:Categories
4112:Napoléon I
3966:Napoléon I
3964:1814 1815
3933:Jacques II
3927:Alphonse I
3909:Charles XI
3819:Legitimist
3781:Louis XVII
3660:Casualties
3574:Schönbrunn
3549:Artlenburg
3298:John Moore
3203:Michel Ney
3072:Scapezzano
3062:Cesenatico
3006:Montmartre
2936:Montmirail
2870:Wartenburg
2825:GroĂbeeren
2684:Gorodechno
2674:Klyastitsy
2654:Saltanovka
2543:Casal Novo
2416:Hollabrunn
2401:Korneuburg
2195:Somosierra
2099:Copenhagen
1922:Austerlitz
1912:DĂŒrenstein
1648:Westphalia
1591:and allies
1440:Wilhelmina
1430:William II
877:References
757:subjects.
754:William II
576:Lodewijk I
552:See also:
440:Early life
372:Lodewijk I
354:(a French
344:Napoleon I
4035:present (
3915:Jacques I
3876:Henri VII
3839:Louis XIX
3833:Charles X
3789:1814 1815
3775:Louis XVI
3624:Casalanza
3599:Tauroggen
3554:Pressburg
3539:Lunéville
3444:conflicts
3277:Coalition
3127:La Suffel
3077:Tolentino
2961:Montereau
2946:Vauchamps
2895:Bornhöved
2850:Dennewitz
2795:Tarragona
2744:Chashniki
2644:Salamanca
2568:Tarragona
2492:Barquilla
2446:Almonacid
2406:Stockerau
2376:Stralsund
2346:2nd Porto
2326:Ebelsberg
2296:Abensberg
2266:1st Porto
2226:CastellĂłn
2210:Benavente
2175:Valmaseda
2089:Friedland
2084:Heilsberg
2054:OstroĆÄka
2044:Mohrungen
1978:Magdeburg
1907:Amstetten
1892:Trafalgar
1877:Elchingen
1862:Wertingen
1760:Brunswick
1685:Coalition
1425:William I
1127:New title
959:Bonaparte
742:Francis I
653:explosion
615:The Hague
611:Amsterdam
504:Directory
322:Signature
286:Bonaparte
100:In office
77:Successor
4037:disputed
3945:Louis XX
3903:Jean III
3870:Henri VI
3864:Jean III
3695:Uniforms
3609:Chaumont
3527:Treaties
3228:Joseph I
3168:Napoleon
3112:Waterloo
3052:Casaglia
3016:Toulouse
2900:Sehested
2875:Bidassoa
2855:2nd Kulm
2840:1st Kulm
2830:Katzbach
2820:Sorauren
2815:Pyrenees
2780:Castalla
2764:Berezina
2754:Smoliani
2724:Tarutino
2709:Borodino
2699:Valutino
2689:Smolensk
2659:Ostrovno
2629:Maguilla
2593:Valencia
2583:Saguntum
2431:Talavera
2311:Ratisbon
2301:Landshut
2276:Bergisel
2271:MedellĂn
2185:Espinosa
2145:Valencia
2018:Czarnowo
1988:Pasewalk
1983:Prenzlau
1958:Saalfeld
1897:Caldiero
1867:GĂŒnzburg
1745:Sardinia
1720:Portugal
1396:Louis II
1160:Joseph I
1143:Louis II
1052:McMillan
740:Emperor
738:Austrian
646:Ten Kate
603:Hortense
474:Caroline
458:Napoleon
394:, which
312:Religion
81:Louis II
30:Napoleon
4011:/ 1891
3947:present
3884:present
3882:Jean IV
3845:Henri V
3442:Related
3021:Bayonne
2986:Craonne
2956:Mormant
2916:Brienne
2890:Nivelle
2880:Leipzig
2835:Dresden
2805:Vitoria
2790:Bautzen
2759:Krasnoi
2704:Mesoten
2664:Vitebsk
2624:Almaraz
2614:Badajoz
2573:Albuera
2558:Almeida
2553:Sabugal
2538:Redinha
2528:Barrosa
2507:Bussaco
2502:Almeida
2482:Astorga
2451:Tamames
2411:Gefrees
2366:Alcañiz
2306:EckmĂŒhl
2236:Corunna
2205:SahagĂșn
2170:Zornoza
2165:Vimeiro
2135:CabezĂłn
2059:Kolberg
2028:PuĆtusk
2023:Golymin
2013:Hamelin
1993:Stettin
1953:Schleiz
1798:Prelude
1790:battles
1765:Hanover
1710:Prussia
1700:Austria
1638:Bavaria
1618:Etruria
1613:Holland
1585:France,
1578:gerents
1450:Beatrix
1445:Juliana
1391:Louis I
1228:of the
856:measles
777:Livorno
691:Oudinot
619:Utrecht
594:Guilder
497:General
470:Pauline
450:Corsica
446:Ajaccio
392:Corsica
364:Louis I
228:
220:
216:
200:, Paris
179:Livorno
159:Corsica
155:Ajaccio
3978:Joseph
3755:since
3619:Mantua
3569:Cintra
3564:Tilsit
3544:Amiens
3082:Ancona
3067:Pesaro
3037:Panaro
2966:Orthez
2951:Garris
2865:RoĂlau
2860:Göhrde
2800:Luckau
2785:LĂŒtzen
2749:Vyazma
2719:Burgos
2714:Moscow
2669:Kobryn
2578:Usagre
2533:Pombal
2523:Gebora
2396:Wagram
2356:Tarvis
2331:Girona
2291:Raszyn
2281:Sacile
2190:Tudela
2180:Burgos
2160:Roliça
2155:Bailén
2074:Mileto
2064:Danzig
2003:LĂŒbeck
1968:Erfurt
1887:Verona
1770:Nassau
1750:Sweden
1740:Persia
1725:Sicily
1705:Russia
1687:forces
1670:Persia
1643:Saxony
1628:Naples
1598:France
1576:Belli-
1111:
1080:
985:
936:
911:
657:Leiden
540:, 1806
476:, and
464:, and
462:Lucien
454:Joseph
338:(born
302:Mother
292:Father
206:Spouse
189:Burial
53:, 1809
4027:1997
4021:1926
4017:Louis
4007:1879
4001:1873
3988:1846
3984:Louis
3982:1844
3976:1832
3970:1821
3943:1989
3937:1975
3931:1941
3925:1936
3919:1931
3913:1909
3907:1887
3901:1883
3880:2019
3874:1999
3868:1940
3862:1926
3856:1894
3849:1883
3843:1844
3837:1836
3831:1830
3785:1795
3779:1793
3773:1792
3685:Films
3117:Wavre
3107:Ligny
3097:Gaeta
3057:Ronco
3047:Carpi
3011:Paris
2981:Reims
2885:Hanau
2477:CĂĄdiz
2456:Ocaña
2441:Ălper
2386:MarĂa
2351:Wörgl
2341:GrijĂł
2241:Valls
2231:Uclés
2125:Bruch
2049:Eylau
1973:Halle
1948:Maida
1938:Gaeta
1788:Major
1715:Spain
1675:Spain
1608:Italy
1113:Died:
1106:Born:
954:Tarle
701:Exile
368:Dutch
281:House
266:Names
235:Issue
222:(
218:
66:Reign
3757:1792
3614:Kiel
3604:Ried
3150:Info
3137:Issy
3030:1815
2976:Laon
2909:1814
2773:1813
2639:Ekau
2602:1812
2516:1811
2470:1810
2391:Graz
2381:Raab
2219:1809
2113:1808
2037:1807
1931:1806
1845:1805
1078:ISBN
983:ISBN
934:ISBN
909:ISBN
746:Graz
711:Rome
632:and
386:and
169:Died
149:Born
2634:Mir
2497:CĂŽa
1882:Ulm
536:by
379:).
4418::
4031:/
4015:/
1076:.
1072:.
964:95
787:.
783:,
772:.
617:,
613:,
472:,
460:,
456:,
448:,
436:.
370::
346:,
224:m.
196:,
181:,
161:,
157:,
4085:e
4078:t
4071:v
4049:*
4039:)
3997:)
3993:(
3853:*
3821:/
3745:e
3738:t
3731:v
1504:e
1497:t
1490:v
1365:e
1358:t
1351:v
1218:e
1211:t
1204:v
1086:.
991:.
966:.
942:.
917:.
872:.
366:(
32:.
25:.
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