467:
233:
534:. When Hortense read Marsâ "passionate outpourings" in one of her letters to Charles, she ended the affair. Although Hortense still had a deep attachment to Charles and remained in correspondence with him initially, she then made up her mind to release him. When, months later, he had mentioned that he had met "a rich young woman who seemed to like him,â Hortense begged him to forget the promises he had made to her. In October that year she went on a pilgrimage to the Benedictine shrine of Our Lady of the Hermits at
36:
559:âPlantade was Queen Hortenseâs singing-master when she was at Mad. Campanâs school; what her Majesty gained more especially from her lessons was a great capability of stint, she composed several pieces of this kind, among which is the one beginning with the words: âPartant pour la Syrie.â This romance, which enjoyed a great vogue about 1810, again became popular in France after 1852.â While her stepfather, Napoleon, ruled over France, she wrote marches and the French Troops sung some of her songs.
431:
the public, which annoyed her husband. She learned water-colour painting and made trips around the countryside. Nevertheless, she hated her stay there because of her relationship with King Louis. The couple lived in different parts of the palace and avoided each other at every opportunity, with
Hortense describing herself as a prisoner. She also refused to give up her French citizenship and declare herself Dutch as Louis did.
687:, fifth President of the United States. It was one of three portraits Hortense gave to Monroe's daughter Eliza, with whom she attended school in France. (The other two portraits are of Hortense's brother EugĂšne de Beauharnais and of Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, the headmistress of the school Hortense and Eliza attended.) Eliza named her daughter, Hortensia Monroe Hay, in honour of her Godmother Hortense.
604:
423:. Hortense's reaction to her appointment as Queen of Holland was negative for two reasons. First, it was necessary for her to move there with Louis, with whom she did not get along. Second, she had to leave her life as a celebrated member of Parisian society. She had hoped to be "a Queen of Holland in Paris," but Napoléon did not agree. She was forced to depart to the
390:, who later married Joachim Murat. She was sent to boarding school when her mother, Josephine, decided that she did not have enough time to raise children. There, she developed a love for fine art and music. Hortense was an accomplished amateur musical composer and supplied the army of her stepfather with rousing marches, including
642:, Hortense remained involved in her sonsâ lives. When one of her sons, Napoleon-Louis (Louis II of Holland), died in the Italian revolt against Austrian rule, she and her youngest son Louis-Napoleon escaped to France in April 1831. They reached Paris later that month, where Hortense discreetly contacted the new King of the French
567:
was defeated and there she wrote numerous pieces, mostly notably her 12 Romances she wrote for her brother Eugene. Although she was banished, Hortenseâs home exemplified the spirit of French art culture. There she presented her arts for her many visitors. Famous contemporary artists like Franz Liszt,
554:
Hortense de
Beauharnais found love for music during her time in boarding school and she became a self-acclaimed amateur composer there (Beaucour, 2007). Though she did not have any known education in composition, it is said that she was a very talented singer and pianist. FĂ©tis wrote about her in his
515:(Charles de Flahaut's mother) were aware of her pregnancy and the subsequent birth. She had used poor health to explain her prolonged visit to Switzerland, which Adélaïde arranged. Hortense disguised her pregnancy cleverly (she was, by then, in her sixth month) during the baptism of Napoléon's son,
430:
Queen
Hortense was pleasantly surprised when the Dutch public welcomed her warmly. She quickly became accustomed to life in the Netherlands and came to like the country. She attended official celebrations and ceremonies, visited the marketplaces where she made large purchases, and was much liked by
679:
in the Swiss canton of
Thurgau in 1817. She lived there until she died of cancer on 5 October 1837, at the age of fifty-four. She is buried next to her mother Joséphine in the Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church in Rueil-Malmaison. After her death, her remaining legitimate son, Charles-Louis Napoleon,
449:
This forced
Hortense to return to the Netherlands and reconcile with her husband. When Napoleon married Marie Louise, Hortense returned to the Netherlands temporarily, but found that the Dutch did not welcome her. She considered this the end of her marriage and left for France shortly before her
634:
During her banishment, Hortense began to focus on writing her memoirs, composing and publishing her musical works, drawing, and painting. Her home became a center for French art and culture. Established artists, composers, and writers were all fascinated by the banished queen in
Switzerland.
659:
to power. Hortense and her son were both implicated in the scheme. To further complicate the situation, rumor of
Hortense's presence in Paris began to spread, and on 5 May a crowd of Bonapartists came to demonstrate outside her hotel on
655:, who had access to official dossiers, during his mothers' interview with the king, Louis-Napoleon was observed by authorities meeting with a group of conspirators who were planning to stage a coup to overthrow Louis-Philippe and bring
650:
and agreed to secure the passports. He told her that, for the time being, the Law of Exile against the
Bonapartes would be upheld, assuring her that "the time is not too distant that there will be no more exiles." According to
631:, however, Hortense supported her stepfather and brother-in-law NapolĂ©on. In turn, Louis XVIII banished Hortense from France after Napoleonâs final defeat. She left Paris on 17 July 1815.
595:, âGoing to one of the mulatto houseservants I announced, âJohn, look at all this money granny gave me for the poor black people. Take me round to their cabins so I can give it to them.ââ
546:
to the Virgin and a ring for the abbot, having been blessed, she wrote, with "so many consolations, such happiness at
Einsiedeln not to wish that my memory remain there after I had left."
1625:
1176:
1787:
378:
Hortense was described as having been an amusing and pretty child with long, pale golden-blonde hair and blue eyes. She received her education at the school of Madame
1195:
979:
Livre d'art de la Reine
Hortense: (Album artistique de la Reine Hortense) ; une visite a Augsbourg, esquisse biographique ; lettres, dessins et musique
405:. Hortense was reluctant to marry at first, but her mother persuaded her to accept the proposal for the political wellbeing and prosperity of the family.
1648:
1619:
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In 1807 her first son died; she was allowed to stay in France subsequently, as the climate there was considered better for raising her other son
1780:
1642:
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367:. Her mother was imprisoned in the Carmelitesâ prison, from which she was released on 6 August 1794, due to the intervention of her friend
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320:; Louis II of Holland; and Napoléon Louis Charles Bonaparte who died at the age of four. She also had an illegitimate son,
2060:
1985:
1208:
568:
Alexandre Dumas, and Lord Byron came to visit and listen to her piano performances. Hortenseâs most famous composition â
2005:
1995:
1379:
1263:
1352:
664:, shouting "Vive l'Empereur". The new Orléanist government ordered Hortense and her son to leave France the next day.
352:
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2010:
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1892:
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asking for passports so that she and her son could travel on to England. Louis-Philippe received her warmly at the
583:
A collection of some of her writing, art, and compositions can be found in her âLivre dâart de la reine Hortense.â
479:
355:. Her parents separated when she was five years old and, between the ages of five and ten, she was sent to live in
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Hortense was now free to respond to the romantic overtures of the man whom she had long admired, Colonel
1832:
1566:
1531:
709:
591:
Hortense donated to the poor often and was also known to be a favourite amongst them. She states in her
419:
Napoléon appointed his brother Louis as King of Holland in 1806 and Hortense accompanied her husband to
232:
207:
161:
1837:
1908:
1583:
1448:
1018:
Baldassarre, A. (1998). "Music, Painting, and Domestic Life: Hortense de Beauharnais in Arenenberg".
442:, again pleased by her status as a queen at the French court, until 1810, when Napoléon remarried to
325:
240:
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2070:
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50:
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1079:
724:
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372:
2015:
1980:
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1601:
1499:
1441:
1227:
573:
368:
187:
41:
1886:
301:
8:
1865:
1731:
1128:
683:
A portrait of Hortense hangs at James Monroeâs Highland, the Virginia plantation home of
577:
455:
1107:
1080:
919:
387:
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309:
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1187:
1156:
1141:
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78:
519:, when Napoléon I made her one of the child's godmothers, an honour she shared with
435:
1796:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1203:
1056:
Souvenirs d'un Demi-SiÚcle: Au Temps de Louis-Philippe et de Napoléon III 1830-1870
647:
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1816:
806:
696:
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364:
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128:
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35:
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742:(21 October 1811 - 10 March 1865), whom his half-brother Napoléon III created
580:
quotes âPartant pour la Syrieâ in âFossilsâ from his Carnival of the Animals.
516:
1969:
1199:
873:
744:
542:. After renouncing her claims on Charles, she presented a bouquet of diamond
500:
379:
115:
297:
1739:
1145:
720:
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344:, on 10 April 1783. She was born as the second child and first daughter to
166:
1743:
1810:
1464:
1181:
656:
639:
620:
491:
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424:
98:
923:
903:
888:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 849.
1309:
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676:
483:
356:
90:
40:
Queen Hortense with her second son, Prince Napoléon Louis. Portrait by
543:
420:
395:
706:(10 October 1802 - 5 May 1807), who died when he was four years old.
555:
article, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens, the following lines:
564:
312:, making her her stepfatherâs sister-in-law. She was the mother of
1130:
Margaret de Flahaut (1788â1867): A Scotswoman at the French Court
668:
245:
182:
94:
482:, a sophisticated, handsome man, who was an illegitimate son of
592:
439:
1433:
359:. Her father was executed on 23 July 1794, at the time of the
1532:
Joséphine Tascher de La Pagerie (later Empress of the French)
672:
494:, Hortense gave birth to a son by Comte de Flahaut secretly,
486:. They soon became lovers. In 1811, at an unspecified inn in
401:
In 1802, at Napoléon's request, Hortense married his brother
337:
74:
603:
1022:. (23)1/2: 49â61 – via www.jstor.org/stable/41561903.
427:
with Louis eventually, where she arrived on 18 June 1806.
680:
returned to Paris, where he became Emperor Napoleon III.
450:
husband abdicated the throne to their oldest living son,
805:
Bonaparte, Queen Hortense Eugénie Cécile (2016-01-27).
292:; 10 April 1783 â 5 October 1837) was Queen consort of
1031:
1029:
576:
instated it as such. (Last FM, 2010). French composer
1183:
Queen Hortense - A Life Picture of the Napoleonic Era
1077:
511:
Only her brother EugĂšne, her closest companions, and
1795:
995:
Tegen de terreur: Hoe Europa veilig werd na Napoleon
1026:
904:"Trois Générations: Talleyrand, Flahaut, Morny: II"
879:"Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, Duc de"
841:
Napoleon and Josephine: The Biography of a Marriage
627:(duchesse de Saint-Leu) on 30 May 1814. During the
572:â became the national hymn of France after her son
1106:
838:
394:. She also enjoyed playing games and excelled at
1967:
712:(11 October 1804 - 17 March 1831), who married
304:. Hortense later married NapolĂ©on Iâs brother,
1053:
723:(20 April 1808 - 9 January 1873), who married
336:Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte was born in
1781:
1449:
1325:
1186:- 1910 book by L. MĂŒhlbach, as an eText from
1071:
615:in 1814, Hortense received the protection of
1951:did not have a royal or noble title by birth
1517:François VI, Marquis de La Ferté-Beauharnais
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
498:( 21 October 1811 - 10 March 1865), created
1590:Eugénie, Princess of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
1490:François V, Marquis de La Ferté-Beauharnais
1475:Claude de Beauharnais, seigneur de Beaumont
1017:
1940:Countess Olympia von und zu Arco-Zinneberg
1788:
1774:
1456:
1442:
1332:
1318:
975:
845:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
34:
16:Queen consort of Holland from 1806 to 1810
1925:Princess BĂ©atrice of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1213:International Music Score Library Project
853:
804:
386:together with Napoléon's youngest sister
1626:Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia
1339:
1153:The Bonapartes: The History of a Dynasty
992:
872:
836:
780:
719:Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, later
602:
465:
1655:Eugenia, Duchess Alexander of Oldenburg
1271:as Consort of the Austrian Netherlands
1109:Josephine: The Empress and her Children
725:Eugénie de Palafox, Countess of Montijo
526:In 1814 Flahaut had an affair with the
1968:
1209:Free scores by Hortense de Beauharnais
1058:(in French). Hachette. pp. 24â29.
976:Koningin.), Hortense (Holland (1860).
371:. Two years later, her mother married
296:. She was the stepdaughter of Emperor
1769:
1673:Duchess Therese Petrovna of Oldenburg
1584:Joséphine, Queen of Sweden and Norway
1437:
1313:
1150:
1104:
997:(in Dutch). Prometheus. p. 179.
727:on 29 January 1853. They had one son.
287:
274:
268:
1614:ThĂ©odolinde, Countess of WĂŒrttemberg
1522:Claude, 2nd Count of Roches-Baritaud
1495:Claude, 1st Count of Roches-Baritaud
1078:Hollingsworth Wharton, Anne (1903).
914:(3). France: Revue des Deux Mondes:
901:
832:
830:
828:
800:
798:
796:
776:
774:
623:granted her the title of Duchess of
472:Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson
2001:19th-century French women composers
408:
363:, a few days before the end of the
300:as the daughter of his first wife,
13:
2051:People from the Kingdom of Holland
1527:Alexandre, Viscount of Beauharnais
1264:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
1098:
781:Beaucour, Fernand (October 2007).
270:[ÉÊtÉÌsĂžÊenisesilbÉnapaÊt]
14:
2092:
2081:Deaths from cancer in Switzerland
2076:French expatriates in Switzerland
2031:Queens consort of the Netherlands
1833:Princess Catharina of WĂŒrttemberg
1567:Stéphanie, Grand Duchess of Baden
1170:
1082:Social Life in the Early Republic
942:
930:
908:Revue des Deux Mondes (1829-1971)
825:
793:
771:
262:Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte
1871:Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy
1797:Bonaparte princesses by marriage
1677:Princess Anastasia of Montenegro
1643:Marie, Princess William of Baden
1620:Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg
733:Charles Joseph, Comte de Flahaut
704:Napoléon Louis Charles Bonaparte
480:Charles Joseph, Comte de Flahaut
461:
231:
2046:Parents of presidents of France
1694:Alexander, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1463:
1062:
1047:
1038:
1011:
986:
969:
353:Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie
208:Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie
137:
1893:Princess Clémentine of Belgium
1730:also a Prince or Princess des
1649:Nicholas, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1473:Generations are numbered from
1193:Spencer Napoleonica Collection
1177:Hortense - La Reine d'Hollande
960:
951:
811:. Pickle Partners Publishing.
598:
1:
1991:19th-century French composers
1738:also a Prince or Princess of
1596:Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1380:Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1372:Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
808:The Memoirs of Queen Hortense
764:
714:Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte
331:
1866:Princess Charlotte Bonaparte
1700:Sergei, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1667:Georgi, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1549:EugĂšne, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1301:as Queen of the Netherlands
1151:Smith, William H.C. (2007).
740:Charles Auguste Louis Joseph
586:
496:Charles Auguste Louis Joseph
415:List of Dutch royal consorts
7:
1661:Eugen, Duke of Leuchtenberg
1555:Princess Augusta of Bavaria
1388:Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont
1127:Scarisbrick, Diana (2019).
993:De Graaf, Beatrice (2018).
937:Margaret Mercer Elphinstone
752:
563:Hortense was banished when
549:
10:
2097:
2061:Mothers of French monarchs
1986:18th-century French people
1855:Princess ZĂ©naĂŻde Bonaparte
1602:Queen Maria II of Portugal
1561:Hortense, Queen of Holland
1353:MĂĄxima Zorreguieta Cerruti
1283:5 June 1806 â 1 July 1810
837:Mossiker, Frances (1964).
783:"Beauharnais, Hortense de"
412:
346:Alexandre François Marie,
2006:19th-century Dutch people
1996:18th-century French women
1956:title lost due to divorce
1946:
1934:
1917:
1901:
1879:
1847:
1803:
1726:
1709:
1686:
1635:
1608:Amélie, Empress of Brazil
1576:
1541:
1509:
1482:
1471:
1347:
1285:
1276:
1255:
1248:
1221:
939:, see Scarisbrick, p. 55.
675:before she purchased the
523:, mother of the Emperor.
513:Adélaïde Filleul de Souza
470:Portrait of Hortense, by
251:
239:
230:
224:Queen Hortense of Holland
217:
203:
193:
181:
147:
122:
109:St Pierre-St Paul Church,
104:
84:
68:
64:
60:5 June 1806 â 1 July 1810
56:
49:
33:
26:
21:
2036:French suo jure nobility
2011:19th-century Dutch women
1823:Alexandrine de Bleschamp
1279:Queen consort of Holland
1223:Hortense de Beauharnais
710:Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
690:
452:Napoleon-Louis Bonaparte
302:Joséphine de Beauharnais
198:Alexandre de Beauharnais
88:5 October 1837 (aged 54)
51:Queen consort of Holland
1860:ĂlĂ©onore-Justine Ruflin
1828:Hortense de Beauharnais
1420:Hortense de Beauharnais
1404:Anna Pavlovna of Russia
1155:. Bloomsbury Academic.
1054:Maxime du Camp (1949).
1044:du Camp, 1949; p. 24-25
948:Scarisbrick, pp. 53â55.
885:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
444:Marie Louise of Austria
22:Hortense de Beauharnais
1838:Giustina Pecori-SuĂĄrez
1086:. Lippincott. p.
699:, she had three sons:
619:. At his instigation,
608:
475:
348:Vicomte de Beauharnais
324:, with her lover, the
322:Charles, Duke of Morny
172:Charles, Duke of Morny
1412:Wilhelmine of Prussia
1396:Sophie of WĂŒrttemberg
1294:Wilhelmine of Prussia
617:Alexander I of Russia
606:
570:Partant pour la Syrie
504:by his half-brother,
469:
392:Partant pour la Syrie
318:Emperor of the French
266:French pronunciation:
1341:Dutch royal consorts
1228:House of Beauharnais
1105:Epton, Nina (1976).
982:(in French). Heugel.
902:Dard, Emile (1938).
735:, she had one son:
638:Despite residing in
574:Emperor Napoleon III
308:, who had been made
28:Duchess of Saint-Leu
2066:Mothers of emperors
2056:Dutch queen mothers
2026:Nobility from Paris
1068:Smith, 2007; p. 106
1035:Smith, 2007; p. 105
613:Bourbon Restoration
578:Camille Saint-Saens
456:Louis II of Holland
2021:House of Bonaparte
1500:Françoise Mouchard
1290:Title next held by
1260:Title last held by
1113:. London: Norton.
677:ChĂąteau Arenenberg
609:
476:
438:. She remained in
388:Caroline Bonaparte
384:St-Germain-en-Laye
373:Napoléon Bonaparte
289:[dÉboaÊnÉ]
1963:
1962:
1958:
1887:Marie-FĂ©lix Blanc
1763:
1762:
1431:
1430:
1364:Claus van Amsberg
1308:
1307:
1304:
1274:
1188:Project Gutenberg
1162:978-1-852855-78-9
1139:978-1-898565-16-1
1004:978-9-03514-458-3
818:978-1-78625-838-0
532:Mademoiselle Mars
528:Comédie-Française
361:French Revolution
259:
258:
213:
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1948:
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1204:Newberry Library
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823:
822:
802:
791:
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778:
716:on 23 July 1826.
667:She traveled in
648:Tuileries Palace
540:canton of Schwyz
536:Einsiedeln Abbey
409:Queen of Holland
326:Comte de Flahaut
291:
286:
282:
272:
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157:Napoléon-Charles
141:
139:
38:
19:
18:
2096:
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2091:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2071:Louis Bonaparte
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1942:
1930:
1913:
1909:Alix de Foresta
1897:
1875:
1843:
1817:Christine Boyer
1799:
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1735:
1722:
1705:
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1099:Further reading
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1016:
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167:Napoleon III
27:
2016:Beauharnais
1981:1837 deaths
1976:1783 births
1811:Julie Clary
1465:Beauharnais
1423:(1806â1810)
1415:(1813â1837)
1407:(1840â1849)
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1367:(1980â2002)
657:Napoleon II
640:Switzerland
621:Louis XVIII
599:Later years
521:Madame MĂšre
517:Napoléon II
508:, in 1862.
492:Lake Geneva
490:, close to
488:Switzerland
425:Netherlands
246:Her Majesty
188:Beauharnais
99:Switzerland
1970:Categories
1752:Romanovsky
1146:1076395537
765:References
759:Arenenberg
607:Arenenberg
544:hydrangeas
484:Talleyrand
413:See also:
357:Martinique
332:Early life
298:Napoléon I
285:pronounced
91:Arenenberg
1744:EichstÀdt
1675:, m. 2nd
625:Saint-Leu
587:Charities
421:The Hague
396:billiards
1732:Francais
1717:Nicholas
1196:Archived
924:44850143
787:Napoleon
753:See also
748:in 1862.
565:Napoleon
550:Composer
530:actress
1671:m. 1st
1215:(IMSLP)
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916:341-342
669:Germany
611:At the
593:memoirs
474:in 1808
294:Holland
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194:Father
174:(ill.)
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116:France
105:Burial
79:France
57:Tenure
44:, 1807
1241:Died:
1234:Born:
920:JSTOR
731:With
695:With
691:Issue
673:Italy
338:Paris
183:House
149:Issue
136:(
132:
75:Paris
1742:and
1669:**^
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1157:ISBN
1142:OCLC
1135:ISBN
1115:ISBN
999:ISBN
813:ISBN
671:and
85:Died
69:Born
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382:in
276:née
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264:(
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