369:
this move to empower his children can be viewed as beyond his authority, the act stirred several insurrections— first among the
Cantabri, then amid the people of Cordova and Asturia, and lastly in Toledo and Evora—at a time when the Suebi and Byzantines were planning attacks against Liuvigild. Undeterred by these manifold threats, he attended to the concerns within his empire and with his son Reccared's assistance, he succeeded in subduing the rebels who rose to oppose him. In doing so, he seized Ammaia, the capital of the Cantabri; he took the Asturian stronghold, Saldania (Saldana); he also successfully quelled insurgent activities in Toledo and Evora (Aebura Carpetana). Not given to mercy—in every rebellious region—he sealed his victories by exacting terrible punishments upon his erstwhile enemies. Sometime during this campaign in 576, Liuvigild's predominance led to the Suebian king Miro rapidly agreeing to a treaty which included paying tribute, if but for a short period.
465:
affinity for all things Roman included the reestablishment of imperial style by
Liuvigild, who recreated the royal regalia. Under Liuvigild, Spain was essentially unified and according to historian Chris Wickham, the "most Roman-influenced legislation of any of the barbarian kingdoms" was enacted. Throughout his reign, Liuvigild tried to find a compromise solution between Arian Christianity and Catholicism to no avail. However, important if not permanent changes in the Spanish realm came when Liuvigild's son Reccared aggressively promoted the Catholic faith at the expense of Arian Christianity, whereby he made Catholicism the official religion of the entire kingdom in 589.
448:. However, despite his best efforts, Liuvigild was unable to establish common religious ground between Arian Christians and those of the Catholic majority. Liuvigild's last year was troubled by open war with the Franks along his northernmost borders. But overall, Liuvigild was one of the more effective Visigothic kings of Hispania, the restorer of Visigothic unity, ruling from his capital newly established at Toledo, where he settled toward the end of his reign. (From this, the Hispanic Visigothic monarchy is sometimes called the "Kingdom of Toledo"). While successful, Liuvigild attained unity and royal authority only through conquest.
29:
346:
312:, as co-king Liuvigild initiated the first of several campaigns to expand the territory of the kingdom of the Visigoths, which Peter Heather describes as a "list of striking successes". Liuvigild's first campaign began against the Suebi in 569, during which he very quickly subdued Zamora, Palencia, and Leon. Then in 570, he attacked the district of Bastania Malagnefla (the ancient Bastetania), where he defeated imperial forces. In 570, Liuvigild "laid waste the region of Bastetania and the city of
1777:
365:. He also repealed old Roman laws dating back to the late 4th century forbidding intermarriage between Visigoths and Ibero-Romans. Such marriages had once been considered a crime punishable by death. Through this action and others administrative moves, Liuvigild reassured his rule and when he had secured the capital, began a new campaign, during which he conquered the district of Sabaria, the province of Braganza, and Torre de Moncorvo along the Suebian frontier.
431:
406:
undergo a cleansing re-baptism upon conversion), tolerating the
Catholic veneration of relics and saints, and softening the distinction between Christ and the Father by declaring them equals as opposed to the traditional Arian position, which held Christ as subordinate within the tripartite relationship. These unifying religious efforts came to naught since Arianism was losing its intellectual appeal.
368:
Gregory of Tours contended that
Liuvigild exceeded his power when he divided the kingdom between his two sons, but it is feasible that he took this action to weaken the authority of the nobles from amid both the Visigoths and the Spanish-Romans. Whatever Liuvigild's original motivation was or whether
443:
In 585, Liuvigild conquered the Suebi peoples, bringing an end to some forty-years of their independence in Spain. Despite several failed attempts by the Suebi to rebel against the
Visigoths, Liuvigild eventually forced them to swear their fidelity. By the end of his reign, only the Basque lands and
333:
Determined to exact revenge upon
Liuvigild and reclaim their territories, the Suebi invaded the regions of Plasencia and Coria, Las Hurdes, Batuecas, and the territory of the Riccones. Whilst preparing to check the imminent advance of the Suebi in 573, Liuvigild received news that his brother Liuva
409:
Hermenegild's revolt worried
Liuvigild, as it raised concerns about his relations with the Merovingians; namely, since Ingund's brother, Childebert II—who had gained power following the death of his Merovingian father, Sigibert I—began taking an interest in the developments of his sister's realm.
372:
In 577 Liuvigild marched into
Orespeda, a region in southeastern Spain, and after suppressing an immediate revolt "of the common people" added this province to his kingdom. Upon the conclusion of these campaigns, Liuvigild celebrated his victories by founding a city in Celtiberia, which he named
405:
revolted under the leadership of
Hermenegild, who was supported by the orthodox bishops. Throughout the period of Hermenegild's religiously motivated sedition, Liuvigild sought various forms of theological reconciliation, including the acknowledgement of Catholic baptism (not forcing Arians to
464:
The
Visigoths in Hispania considered themselves the heirs of western Roman imperial power, not its enemies. Signs of this can be seen in their mimicry of Roman bureaucratic and administrative norms, such as tax collection and the institution of Roman-based laws. Further evidence of Visigothic
413:
During this father-son feud, Hermengild presented himself as a victim as he tried to forge alliances in the name of Catholicism. Despite having Pope Gregory's tacit support, contemporary Catholic writers—including Isidore of Seville and Gregory of Tours—expressed little to no sympathy for
534:
During the civil war, which ended with Athanagild's rise to power some twenty years earlier, the Byzantines seized a stretch of territory in the southeast of Spain. John of Biclaro notes that upon gaining control of CĂłrdoba, Liuvigild "slaughtered the enemy troops and made the city his
476:(653–672), both of whom reformed Visigothic laws and legal codes that essentially eliminated the distinction between Romans and Goths and which permitted intermarriage between the two peoples. Challenge to Visigothic rule came abruptly in the form of Muslim
410:
Attempting to counteract any possible Frankish support for the Hermengild's rebellion, Liuvigild pressed for a marriage between Reccared and Chilperic's daughter, Rigunth, which unfortunately proved diplomatically useless upon Chilperic's death.
356:
The Visigoths were still a military aristocracy and kings had to be formally ratified by the nobility. Visigoths and their Ibero-Roman subjects were still separated by religion and by distinct law codes. Liuvigild modified the old
270:, the last bastion of Visigothic rule. Recognizing the leadership qualities of his younger sibling, in the second year of his reign, King Liuva I declared his brother Liuvigild co-king and heir, assigning him
451:
According to Gregory of Tours, Liuvigild fell ill in 586 and on his deathbed repented, wept for seven days and "embraced the Catholic faith" before he "gave up the ghost." He was succeeded by his second son
324:
from the Byzantine Empire. Though constantly at war with the Byzantines in southern Hispania, Liuvigild accepted the administration of the Byzantine Empire, adopted its pomp and ceremony, the title
334:
had died, which left him ruler over the entirety of the Visigothic dominions. Liuvigild made efforts to secure a peaceful succession, a perennial Visigothic issue, by associating his two sons,
320:, assisted "through the treachery of a certain Framidaneus". Then, around the time he became sole ruler with the death of his brother Liuva (which occurred in either 571 or 572), seized
1561:
418:, where in 585, he was later murdered. Leander of Seville was also banished and later canonized as a saint. Hermenegild's wife Ingunthis was delivered to the Eastern Emperor
1281:
LĂłpez, Gisela Ripoll (1998). "The Arrival of the Visigoths in Hispania: Population Problems and the Process of Acculturation". In Walter Pohl; Helmut Reimitz (eds.).
414:
Hermenegild's revolt against his father. When the Byzantines failed to send aid for the revolt, Liuvigild besieged and took Seville and in 584, banished his son to
593:
1478:
422:
and was last heard of in Africa. Pope Gregory held Liuvigild responsible for Hermengild's death and asserted that the latter died for his Catholic faith.
342:, with himself in the kingly office and placing certain regions under their regencies; namely, making them dukes over Toledo and Narbonne.
1568:
456:, who converted to Catholic Christianity in 589 and brought religious and political unity between the Visigoths and their subjects.
1806:
1495:
330:, the throne, crown, scepter, and purple mantle, and subsequently struck gold coins in his own name to commemorate the event.
1406:
1387:
1368:
1332:
1313:
1290:
1271:
1248:
1229:
1206:
1187:
1168:
1149:
1130:
1444:
1425:
1086:. Vol. 2, The Rise of the Saracens and the Foundation of the Western Empire. New York: The Macmillan Company.
517:, which is possibly a Germanic name; he may also have been a Byzantine soldier of unknown Germanic origin (Gothic,
40:
1484:
1082:
Altamira, Rafael (1913). "Spain under the Visigoths". In J.B. Bury; H. M. Gwatkin; J.P. Whitney (eds.).
828:
553:
Masona was soon after exiled for three years, possibly in the context of the rebellion of Hermenegild.
401:. After his father, who considered this conversion treason, insisted on appointing Arians as bishops,
1580:
1554:
1811:
381:
since the early 570s. Over the course of his reign, Liuvigild had conquered most of the peninsula.
419:
492:
in 711 and by 725, the Visigothic kingdom in Hispania was fully overwhelmed by Muslim invaders.
274:, or the eastern part of Hispania (Spain), to directly rule over. Both co-regents were Arian
729:
444:
two small southern territories of the Byzantine Empire made up the non-Visigothic parts of
389:
In 579, Hermenegild had converted to orthodox Christianity, persuaded by his Frankish wife
8:
1801:
1796:
1263:
200:
584:
394:
211:
28:
1440:
1421:
1402:
1383:
1364:
1347:
1328:
1309:
1286:
1267:
1244:
1225:
1202:
1183:
1164:
1145:
1126:
1087:
445:
271:
223:
132:
1302:
1218:
587:
records that he ruled for eighteen years and died a natural death in Toledo "in the
345:
321:
297:
196:
374:
1103:
993:
485:
415:
309:
637:
1461:
317:
1351:
661:
1790:
1091:
362:
358:
281:
Liuvigild was married twice: first to Theodosia, who gave birth to two sons,
278:, which was the dominant religious faith of the Visigothic rulers until 587.
243:
109:
1736:
1726:
1621:
469:
1776:
1283:
Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800
1731:
1701:
1651:
1611:
588:
473:
373:
Recopolis for his son Reccared. In 582 Liuvigild then went on to capture
335:
282:
141:
700:
296:
Almost every single year of his kingship, Liuvigild marched against the
1676:
1661:
1616:
1538:
1511:
290:
286:
275:
259:
227:
219:
137:
125:
68:
1761:
1631:
1577:
1518:
1380:
Rites of Power: Symbolism, Ritual, and Politics since the Middle Ages
522:
390:
349:
208:
1344:
Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800
313:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1641:
1591:
1546:
453:
377:, which had been under the political control of its popular bishop
339:
267:
247:
235:
231:
215:
172:
113:
97:
1756:
1751:
1696:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1636:
1601:
1596:
1527:
489:
481:
477:
402:
398:
326:
305:
263:
80:
58:
430:
1606:
518:
435:
378:
765:
562:
These events are described in vivid detail by Pope Gregory I (
1746:
1741:
1721:
1626:
1199:
Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire
1098:
969:
706:
610:
301:
246:. Liuvigild ranks among the greatest Visigothic kings of the
239:
1420:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
1044:
316:, defeating their soldiers". The following year he captured
1766:
1180:
Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation
1061:
1059:
896:
894:
1017:
1005:
852:
806:
804:
719:
717:
715:
869:
867:
468:
Later successors to Liuvigild included the likes of King
308:, or domestic competitors. According to the chronicle of
1056:
1034:
1032:
959:
957:
891:
840:
678:
676:
627:
625:
1224:. Translated by Lewis Thorpe. New York: Penguin Books.
1104:"Leovigild: Visigothic Ruler, Reformer & Conqueror"
801:
712:
942:
930:
918:
906:
864:
789:
741:
1029:
981:
954:
816:
688:
673:
622:
777:
649:
594:
Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum
544:
Liuvigild renamed Toledo, Reccopolis, after his son.
1486:
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
879:
753:
266:was elevated to the kingship at a ceremony held in
1382:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1301:
1260:Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain
1217:
1201:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1123:Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400–1000
1788:
1308:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1215:
999:
667:
222:from 568 to 586. Known for his Codex Revisus or
1363:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
1322:
1257:
834:
771:
735:
643:
616:
575:The Basques have never been subdued by anyone.
1562:
1346:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
361:which governed the Goths and created his own
289:, and after her death, to Athanagild's widow
33:Imaginary portrait by Juan de Barroeta (1854)
488:, whose forces defeated the Visigothic King
253:
1299:
1023:
1569:
1555:
226:, a law allowing equal rights between the
27:
1418:The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples
1266:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
1177:
1065:
1050:
975:
900:
846:
1396:
1081:
810:
795:
723:
429:
344:
1415:
1377:
1358:
1341:
1304:The Early Middle Ages: Europe, 400–1000
1238:
1196:
1139:
1120:
1038:
1011:
987:
963:
948:
936:
924:
912:
873:
858:
822:
747:
694:
682:
655:
631:
384:
234:population, his kingdom covered modern
1789:
1550:
1280:
1158:
783:
759:
1576:
1434:
1144:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
885:
459:
1401:. San Mateo, CA: Golden Era Books.
13:
1455:
1163:. London and New York: Routledge.
1161:A History of Early Medieval Europe
14:
1823:
1472:
1437:The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751
1775:
1439:. London and New York: Longman.
1807:6th-century Visigothic monarchs
1327:. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
1323:Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (2004).
1182:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
1074:
578:
569:
556:
547:
538:
528:
1300:McKitterick, Rosamond (2001).
1084:The Cambridge Medieval History
507:
425:
1:
495:
204:
1325:The Barbarian West, 400–1000
1285:. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
604:
439:(Felipe del Corral), 1750-53
7:
1178:Frassetto, Michael (2003).
10:
1828:
1773:
1587:
1535:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1220:The History of the Franks
1216:Gregory of Tours (1974).
1142:Visigothic Spain, 409–711
258:When the Visigothic king
254:Life, campaigns and reign
168:
159:
154:
150:
131:
119:
103:
91:
87:
74:
64:
54:
46:
38:
26:
21:
1416:Wolfram, Herwig (1997).
1258:John of Biclaro (1990).
1197:Goffart, Walter (2006).
500:
1496:Coins of King Liuvigild
1397:Williams, Mark (2004).
1359:Wickham, Chris (2016).
1342:Wickham, Chris (2005).
1239:Heather, Peter (1998).
1140:Collins, Roger (2004).
1121:Collins, Roger (1995).
707:Britannica, "Leovigild"
513:His name may have been
434:Statue of Liuvigild in
420:Tiberius II Constantine
1378:Wilentz, Sean (1999).
1159:Davis, R.H.C. (2005).
472:(642–653) and his son
440:
353:
352:of Liuvigild, 573-578.
1519:King of the Visigoths
1243:. Oxford: Blackwell.
1125:. London: Macmillan.
1000:Gregory of Tours 1974
668:Gregory of Tours 1974
433:
348:
835:John of Biclaro 1990
772:Wallace-Hadrill 2004
736:John of Biclaro 1990
644:John of Biclaro 1990
617:Wallace-Hadrill 2004
385:Hermenegild's Revolt
1479:Visigothic kingdoms
1264:Kenneth Baxter Wolf
1053:, pp. 359–360.
1014:, pp. 271–272.
978:, p. 240, 242.
861:, pp. 266–267.
238:and most of modern
160:Flavius Leovigildus
1523:568 – 21 April 586
1466:The Goths in Spain
1435:Wood, Ian (1994).
1399:The Story of Spain
837:, pp. 62–67 .
738:, pp. 60–62 .
585:Isidore of Seville
441:
354:
50:568 – 21 April 586
1784:
1783:
1545:
1544:
1536:Succeeded by
1408:978-0-97069-692-2
1389:978-0-81221-695-0
1370:978-0-30020-834-4
1334:978-0-63120-292-9
1315:978-0-19873-172-6
1292:978-9-00410-846-2
1273:978-0-85323-554-5
1250:978-0-63120-932-4
1231:978-0-14044-295-3
1208:978-0-81222-105-3
1189:978-1-57607-263-9
1170:978-0-582-78462-8
1151:978-0-47075-461-0
1132:978-1-34924-135-4
591:624 (586)". See:
460:Visigothic legacy
272:Hispania Citerior
224:Code of Leovigild
207:519 – 586) was a
178:
177:
164:
163:
1819:
1779:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1509:Preceded by
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1450:
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1412:
1393:
1374:
1355:
1338:
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1307:
1296:
1277:
1262:. Translated by
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1235:
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1193:
1174:
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1117:
1115:
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1069:
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1024:McKitterick 2001
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1009:
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991:
985:
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31:
19:
18:
16:King of Hispania
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1812:Gothic warriors
1787:
1786:
1785:
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1771:
1583:
1575:
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1492:
1483:Edward Gibbon,
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1456:Further reading
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1361:Medieval Europe
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1002:, p. 477 .
998:
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986:
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939:, pp. 213.
935:
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670:, p. 233 .
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310:John of Biclaro
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1473:External links
1471:
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1462:E. A. Thompson
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1068:, p. 360.
1066:Frassetto 2003
1055:
1051:Frassetto 2003
1043:
1028:
1026:, p. 173.
1016:
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976:Frassetto 2003
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953:
951:, p. 584.
941:
929:
917:
915:, p. 268.
905:
903:, p. 241.
901:Frassetto 2003
890:
888:, p. 171.
878:
876:, p. 267.
863:
851:
849:, p. 242.
847:Frassetto 2003
839:
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813:, p. 167.
800:
788:
786:, p. 153.
776:
774:, p. 119.
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750:, p. 111.
740:
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726:, p. 166.
711:
699:
697:, p. 279.
687:
685:, p. 266.
672:
660:
648:
646:, p. 60 .
636:
634:, p. 265.
621:
619:, p. 118.
608:
606:
603:
600:
599:
577:
568:
555:
546:
537:
527:
505:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
461:
458:
427:
424:
386:
383:
318:Medina Sidonia
255:
252:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
148:
147:
135:
129:
128:
121:
117:
116:
105:
101:
100:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
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1735:
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1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
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1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
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1635:
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1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
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1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
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1598:
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1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:, Chapter 37.
1488:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1446:0-582-49372-2
1442:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1427:0-520-08511-6
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1047:
1041:, p. 39.
1040:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1001:
996:
990:, p. 94.
989:
984:
977:
972:
966:, p. 38.
965:
960:
958:
950:
945:
938:
933:
926:
921:
914:
909:
902:
897:
895:
887:
882:
875:
870:
868:
860:
855:
848:
843:
836:
831:
825:, p. 54.
824:
819:
812:
811:Altamira 1913
807:
805:
798:, p. 54.
797:
796:Williams 2004
792:
785:
780:
773:
768:
762:, p. 99.
761:
756:
749:
744:
737:
732:
725:
724:Altamira 1913
720:
718:
716:
708:
703:
696:
691:
684:
679:
677:
669:
664:
658:, p. 40.
657:
652:
645:
640:
633:
628:
626:
618:
613:
609:
596:
595:
590:
586:
581:
572:
565:
559:
550:
541:
531:
524:
520:
516:
510:
506:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
457:
455:
449:
447:
437:
432:
423:
421:
417:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
376:
370:
366:
364:
363:Codex Revisus
360:
359:Code of Euric
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
331:
329:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:died in 567,
261:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Hispano-Roman
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
171:
167:
158:
153:
149:
146:
144:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
122:
118:
115:
111:
106:
102:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1727:Chindasuinth
1671:
1622:Theodoric II
1531:
1525:
1517:
1493:(in Spanish)
1485:
1465:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1379:
1360:
1343:
1324:
1303:
1282:
1259:
1240:
1219:
1198:
1179:
1160:
1141:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1099:
1083:
1075:Bibliography
1046:
1039:Wickham 2016
1019:
1012:Wolfram 1997
1007:
995:
988:Wickham 2005
983:
971:
964:Wickham 2005
949:Wickham 2005
944:
937:Goffart 2006
932:
925:Goffart 2006
920:
913:Wolfram 1997
908:
881:
874:Wolfram 1997
859:Wolfram 1997
854:
842:
830:
823:Collins 2004
818:
791:
779:
767:
755:
748:Wilentz 1999
743:
731:
702:
695:Heather 1998
690:
683:Wolfram 1997
663:
656:Collins 1995
651:
639:
632:Wolfram 1997
612:
592:
580:
571:
563:
558:
549:
540:
530:
515:Framidanecus
514:
509:
470:Chindasuinth
467:
463:
450:
442:
412:
408:
397:, bishop of
388:
371:
367:
355:
332:
325:
295:
280:
257:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:
142:
107:21 April 586
1732:Recceswinth
1702:Reccared II
1652:Theudigisel
1612:Theodoric I
566:, III, 31).
474:Recceswinth
426:Later years
336:Hermenegild
283:Hermenegild
145:Hermenegild
55:Predecessor
1802:586 deaths
1797:519 births
1791:Categories
1677:Reccared I
1662:Athanagild
1617:Thorismund
1578:Visigothic
1539:Reccared I
1512:Athanagild
1352:1025811203
1113:2024-09-08
1108:Britannica
1100:Britannica
784:LĂłpez 1998
760:Davis 2005
496:References
484:commander
298:Byzantines
291:Goiswintha
287:Reccared I
276:Christians
260:Athanagild
228:Visigothic
220:Septimania
209:Visigothic
201:Portuguese
193:Leovigildo
138:Reccared I
126:Goiswintha
69:Reccared I
1672:Liuvigild
1632:Alaric II
1532:(568–573)
1241:The Goths
1092:716605555
886:Wood 1994
605:Citations
391:Ingunthis
350:Tremissis
189:Leovigild
185:Leuvigild
181:Liuvigild
123:Theodosia
95:c. 519 AD
83:(568–572)
65:Successor
22:Liuvigild
1762:Agila II
1717:Chintila
1712:Sisenand
1707:Suintila
1692:Gundemar
1687:Witteric
1682:Liuva II
1642:Amalaric
1592:Alaric I
597:, 51–52.
519:Gepidian
454:Reccared
446:Hispania
416:Valencia
340:Reccared
268:Narbonne
250:period.
242:down to
236:Portugal
216:Hispania
173:Arianism
169:Religion
114:Hispania
98:Hispania
41:Hispania
39:King of
1757:Roderic
1752:Wittiza
1697:Sisebut
1667:Liuva I
1657:Agila I
1647:Theudis
1637:Gesalec
1602:Sigeric
1597:Athaulf
1528:Liuva I
1468:(1969).
564:Dialogi
523:Erulian
490:Roderic
482:Umayyad
480:led by
478:Berbers
403:Baetica
399:Seville
395:Leander
327:Flavius
322:CĂłrdoba
306:Basques
264:Liuva I
197:Spanish
81:Liuva I
76:Co-king
59:Liuva I
1607:Wallia
1443:
1424:
1405:
1386:
1367:
1350:
1331:
1312:
1289:
1270:
1247:
1228:
1205:
1186:
1167:
1148:
1129:
1090:
436:Madrid
379:Masona
375:MĂ©rida
314:Málaga
304:, the
300:, the
244:Toledo
120:Spouse
110:Toledo
1747:Egica
1742:Erwig
1737:Wamba
1722:Tulga
1627:Euric
1581:kings
1526:with
535:own."
521:, or
501:Notes
486:Tariq
302:Suebi
248:Arian
240:Spain
191:, or
155:Names
143:Saint
133:Issue
47:Reign
1767:Ardo
1441:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1365:ISBN
1348:OCLC
1329:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1226:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1088:OCLC
393:and
338:and
285:and
230:and
218:and
212:King
203:), (
199:and
104:Died
92:Born
589:era
214:of
1793::
1464:,
1106:.
1102:.
1058:^
1031:^
956:^
893:^
866:^
803:^
714:^
675:^
624:^
525:.)
293:.
205:c.
187:,
183:,
112:,
1570:e
1563:t
1556:v
1449:.
1430:.
1411:.
1392:.
1373:.
1354:.
1337:.
1318:.
1295:.
1276:.
1253:.
1234:.
1211:.
1192:.
1173:.
1154:.
1135:.
1116:.
1094:.
709:.
195:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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