458:
400:
1205:, affects social interaction between staff. By looking at the various interactions among staff members, we can determine their social position in the organization. As an example, administrators, in one lab of the study, do not have the right to ask the Locator where the researchers currently are, as they are not entitled to such information. On the other hand, researchers do have access to this type of information. So a consequence of this social hierarchy is that the Locator discloses various degrees of information, based on the staff member and their rights. The Locator does not want to disclose information that could jeopardize his relationship with the members of staff. The Locator adheres to the rights of each class.
502:
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their
Locator. A Locator is an employee of a Laboratory who is in charge of knowing where each member of the laboratory currently is, based on a unique signal emitted from the badge of each staff member. The study describes social relationships among different classes of jobs, such as the relationship between researchers and the Locator. It does not describe the social relationship between employees within a class, such as the relationship between researchers.
31:
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morals on privacy, as it relates to being tracked by this badge) and relations (how will I be seen by others if I refuse to wear this badge). For example, a receptionist would view the badge as useful, as it would help them locate members of staff during the day. Illustrating relations, researchers would also wear their badge due to informal pressures, such as not wanting to look like a spoil-sport, or not wanting to draw attention to themselves.
991:. An important element of such audits is the review of regulatory compliance and the training of individuals who have access to or work in the laboratory. Training is critical to the ongoing safe operation of the laboratory facility. Educators, staff and management must be engaged in working to reduce the likelihood of accidents, injuries and potential litigation. Efforts are made to ensure laboratory safety videos are both relevant and engaging.
886:
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1140:, but also in terms of autonomy (should the work be individual or in groups). For example, one research group has a schedule where they conduct research on their own topic of interest for one day of the week, but for the rest they work on a given group project. Finance management is yet another organizational issue.
956:(OSHA) in the United States, recognizing the unique characteristics of the laboratory workplace, has tailored a standard for occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. This standard is often referred to as the "Laboratory Standard". Under this standard, a laboratory is required to produce a
1200:
studies, one finding is that, among the personnel, each class (researchers, administrators...) has a different degree of entitlement, which varies per laboratory. Entitlement can be both formal or informal (meaning it is not enforced), but each class is aware and conforms to its existence. The degree
1007:
are being sought by the research community. While many laboratories are used to perform research to find innovative solutions to this global challenge, sustainable working practices in the labs are also contributing factors towards a greener environment. Many labs are already trying to minimize their
1216:
In summary, differences in attitude among members of the laboratory are explained by social organization: A person's attitudes are intimately related to the role they have in an organization. This hierarchy helps understand information distribution, control, and attitudes towards technologies in the
963:
In determining the proper
Chemical Hygiene Plan for a particular business or laboratory, it is necessary to understand the requirements of the standard, evaluation of the current safety, health and environmental practices and assessment of the hazards. The CHP must be reviewed annually. Many schools
154:
may be performed. Laboratories are found in a variety of settings such as schools, universities, privately owned research institutions, corporate research and testing facilities, government regulatory and forensic investigation centers, physicians' offices, clinics, hospitals, regional and national
1143:
The laboratory itself is a historically dated organizational model. It came about due to the observation that the quality of work of researchers who collaborate is overall greater than a researcher working in isolation. From the 1950s, the laboratory has evolved from being an educational tool used
1028:
Presumably the major contributor to this high energy consumption are fume hoods. Significant impact can be achieved by keeping the opening height as low as possible when working and keeping them closed when not in use. One possibility to help with this, could be to install automatic systems, which
1208:
Social hierarchy is also related to attitudes towards technologies. This was inferred based on the attitude of various jobs towards their lab badge. Their attitude depended on how that job viewed their badge from a standpoint of utility, (how is the badge useful for my job) morality (what are my
1192:
A study by
Richard H.R. Harper, involving two laboratories, will help elucidate the concept of social organization in laboratories. The main subject of the study revolved around the relationship between the staff of a laboratory (researchers, administrators, receptionists, technicians, etc.) and
1135:
Organization of laboratories is an area of focus in sociology. Scientists consider how their work should be organized, which could be based on themes, teams, projects or fields of expertise. Work is divided, not only between different jobs of the laboratory such as the researchers, engineers and
1081:
The disposal of chemically/biologically contaminated waste requires a lot of energy. Regular waste however requires much less energy or can even be recycled to some degree. Not every object in a lab is contaminated, but often ends up in the contaminated waste, driving up energy costs for waste
1563:: "Originally: a room or building for the practice of alchemy and the preparation of medicines. Later: one equipped for carrying out scientific experiments or procedures, esp. for the purposes of research, teaching, or analysis; (also) one in which chemicals or drugs are manufactured."
1160:: "Occurs between designers and operatives; researchers, engineers, and technicians; theoreticians and experimenters; senior researchers, junior researchers and students; those who publish, those who sign the publications and the others; and between specialities."
1166:: Which includes the formalization of objectives and tasks; the standardization of procedures (protocols, project management, quality management, knowledge management), the validation of publications and cross-cutting activities (number and type of seminars).
1090:
As of 2021, there are numerous laboratories currently dedicating time and resources to move towards more sustainable lab practices at their facilities, e.g. MIT and the university of
Edingburgh. Furthermore, several networks have emerged such as
1041:
are kept at −80 °C. One such device can consume up to the same amount of energy as a single-family household (25 kWh/day). Increasing the temperature to −70 °C makes it possible to use 40% less energy and still keep most samples safely stored.
968:(CHO) to develop, manage, and evaluate their CHP. Additionally, third party review is also used to provide an objective "outside view" which provides a fresh look at areas and problems that may be taken for granted or overlooked due to habit.
1072:
The use of ovens is very helpful to dry glassware, but those installations can consume a lot of energy. Employing timers to regulate their use during nights and weekends, can reduce their impact on energy consumption enormously.
399:
457:
1474:
ISO 13407:(1999), titled Human-centred design processes for interactive systems, is an ISO Standard providing
Guidance on human-centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based
1212:
Another finding is the resistance to change in a social organization. Staff members feel ill at ease when changing patterns of entitlement, obligation, respect, informal and formal hierarchy, and more.
501:
1029:
close the hoods after an inactivity period of a certain length and turn off the lights as well. So the flow can be regulated better and is not unnecessarily kept at a very high level.
1955:
520:
1422:
596:
Laboratory equipment refers to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipment is generally used to either perform an
1876:
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is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories. These notably include:
281:
Despite the underlying notion of the lab as a confined space for experts, the term "laboratory" is also increasingly applied to workshop spaces such as
207:
laboratory might be a room with one-way mirrors and hidden cameras in which to observe behavior. In some laboratories, such as those commonly used by
1082:
disposal. A good sorting and recycling system for non contaminated lab waste will allow lab users to act sustainably and correctly dispose of waste.
1293:
485:
1828:
Michael L. Matson; Jeffrey P. Fitzgerald; Shirley Lin (October 1, 2007). "Creating
Customized, Relevant, and Engaging Laboratory Safety Videos".
2154:
1493:
Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). Open
Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
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Inspections and audits like also be conducted on a regular basis to assess hazards due to chemical handling and storage, electrical equipment,
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2005:
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by teachers to attract the top students into research, into an organizational model allowing a high level of scientific productivity.
1947:
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Research labs featuring energy-intensive equipment, use up to three to five times more energy per square meter than office areas.
418:
1926:
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The organisation and contents of laboratories are determined by the differing requirements of the specialists working within. A
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Researching in teams started in the 19th century, and many new kinds of equipment were developed in the 20th century.
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is shown comparing a note in his left hand with a bottle filled with a solid in his right hand, and not wearing any
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by reducing energy consumption, recycling, and implementing waste sorting processes to ensure correct disposal.
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The intellectual process involved in their work, including the type of investigation and equipment they use.
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1814:
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17:
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was believed to be the owner. The laboratory is called
Speculum Alchemiae and is preserved as a museum in
1679:
1415:"A Tinkerer's Paradise in Berkeley / Young, old inventors are offered tools, techniques and inspiration"
3107:
3076:
2988:
1980:
976:
1484:
Von Hippel, E. (1986). Lead users: a source of novel product concepts. Management
Science 32, 791–805.
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to conduct an experiment; while some of them involve the use of complex laboratory equipment from
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There are three main factors that contribute to the organizational form of a laboratory :
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A 16th century underground alchemical laboratory was accidentally discovered in the year 2002.
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2001:
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Minimizing the consumption of water can be achieved by changing from water-cooled condensers (
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2071:
Looking at
Ourselves: An Examination of the Social Organisation of Two Research Laboratories
1503:
Fritzsche, A (2018). "Corporate Foresight in Open Laboratories - A Translational Approach".
960:(CHP) which addresses the specific hazards found in its location, and its approach to them.
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of Samos, the well-known Greek philosopher and scientist. This laboratory was created when
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1777:(1 ed.). Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, : CRC Press.
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precautions are vitally important. Rules exist to minimize the individual's risk, and
313:, driven by the different backgrounds and levels of expertise of the people involved.
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to science and innovation and relies on user-centred design methods and concepts like
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297:, working collaboratively or sharing resources. This development is inspired by new,
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2073:. Cambridge: Reprinted as Rank Xerox Technical Report EPC–92–108. pp. 330–337.
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The earliest laboratory according to the present evidence is a home laboratory of
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1827:
1602:"The Visual Image of Chemistry: Perspectives from the History of Art and Science"
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and businesses employ safety, health, and environmental specialists, such as a
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to electrical devices, and others require more specific or expensive supplies.
239:
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The educational background of the researchers and their socialization process.
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is used to protect the lab users from injury or to assist in responding to an
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In many laboratories, hazards are present. Laboratory hazards might include
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use laboratories as well to design, build, and test technological devices.
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Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society
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1038:
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914:
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increased the size of laboratories and scientific equipment, introducing
333:
290:
231:. Scientists in other fields will still use other types of laboratories.
151:
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1774:
Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection
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783:(supply) consumables for small volumes (μL and mL scale), mainly sterile
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conducted an experiment about tones of sound and vibration of string.
30:
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2055:. The Lypiatts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. pp. 83, 97–100.
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946:
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854:
823:
674:
548:
527:
405:
309:,. One distinctive feature of work in Open Labs is the phenomenon of
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1115:. More university independent efforts and resources include the
573:
2761:
2111:
1202:
1112:
1108:
938:
898:
608:. Larger or more sophisticated equipment is generally called a
390:
321:
Early instances of "laboratories" recorded in English involved
243:
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83:
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3357:
1671:
926:
155:
referral centers, and even occasionally personal residences.
142:) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which
74:
1976:
1446:"Top 8 Tools for Building a Personal Prototyping Laboratory"
1120:
293:, in which people meet to work on societal problems or make
127:
2932:
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2127:
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1064:), which take advantage of the large surface area to cool.
605:
263:
228:
130:
121:
86:
77:
65:
238:
Scientific laboratories can be found as research room and
1184:
Other forms of organization include social organization.
1154:: Varies from a handful of researches to several hundred.
112:
669:
Molecular biology laboratories/Life science laboratories
543:
Laboratory techniques are the set of procedures used on
1606:
Hyle: International Journal for Philosophy of Chemistry
1201:
of entitlement, which is also referred to as a staff's
1003:
are becoming more of a concern for organizations, and
1537:
507:
Early 2000s style of counter in Chemical Laboratory,
451:
Labs in Chemistry Department in Medical Building 1948
1147:
Some forms of organization in laboratories include:
408:
laboratory of the 18th century, of the sort used by
124:
118:
115:
109:
80:
71:
62:
528:
University of Applied Science Aachen, Campus Jülich
106:
68:
1538:
987:, ventilation as well as respiratory testing and
3483:
1600:Schummer, Joachim; Spector, Tami I (July 2007).
1294:Standard conditions for temperature and pressure
463:A laboratory of the Chemistry Department of the
1599:
615:The classical equipment includes tools such as
1948:"Glassware Ovens Don't Need to be on 24/7/365"
1632:"Laboratory history: The chemistry chronicles"
1505:Technology Analysis & Strategic Management
1384:"Ford + TechShop: Getting Employees to Tinker"
2148:
2123:Nobel Laureates Interactive 360° Laboratories
1770:
1076:
954:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1869:"Adding efficiency to general lab equipment"
1771:Cossairt, J. Donald; Quinn, Matthew (2019).
3108:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
983:, housekeeping and emergency preparedness,
2155:
2141:
1117:Laboratory Efficiency Assessment Framework
439:Classroom and Lab in Medical Building 1927
277:Laboratory, Brecon County School for Girls
2163:
1717:
1655:
1502:
1067:
841:(involves handling of chemical compounds)
568:
347:
3473:Instruments used in medical laboratories
2954:
2162:
1381:
1318:
884:
872:
638:
572:
526:Laboratory for organic Chemistry at the
509:Mahidol University International College
493:Mahidol University International College
272:
29:
2989:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
1443:
1412:
623:as well as specialty equipment such as
14:
3484:
3037:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
2068:
1413:Burress, Charles (December 22, 1997).
1371:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
1366:
1187:
3314:
3133:
2953:
2613:
2174:
2136:
2064:
2062:
2050:
1863:
1861:
2083:The sociology of scientific work p98
1699:
1629:
1559:participating institution membership
1456:from the original on October 6, 2017
1425:from the original on October 6, 2017
1125:non-profit organisation my green lab
787:
179:laboratory could have apparatus for
1444:Carlson, Adam (September 5, 2013).
1321:"Laboratory Structure and Function"
24:
3032:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
2059:
1858:
1394:from the original on June 12, 2018
25:
3508:
2090:
1107:, and national platforms such as
1105:Max-Planck-Sustainability network
1045:
994:
27:Workplace for scientific activity
3077:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
2887:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
2110:
2096:
2053:The sociology of scientific work
1702:Safety for Particle Accelerators
1325:Clinical Core Laboratory Testing
1015:
519:
500:
484:
472:
456:
444:
432:
417:
398:
102:
58:
3134:
2077:
2044:
2033:from the original on 2022-02-27
2019:
2008:from the original on 2021-09-07
1994:
1983:from the original on 2021-04-05
1969:
1958:from the original on 2021-09-07
1940:
1929:from the original on 2021-09-07
1915:
1904:from the original on 2021-09-07
1890:
1879:from the original on 2021-09-07
1821:
1764:
1693:
1682:from the original on 2020-05-08
1664:
1623:
1612:from the original on 2017-11-22
1593:
1566:
1531:
1349:from the original on 2021-04-29
1130:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1468:
1437:
1406:
1382:Flaherty, Joe (May 14, 2012).
1375:
1360:
1312:
13:
1:
2614:
2101:The dictionary definition of
1831:Journal of Chemical Education
1573:"World's Oldest Laboratory".
1517:10.1080/09537325.2017.1380180
1305:
1278:Laboratory information system
1023:
625:operant conditioning chambers
538:
387:Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
377:personal protective equipment
2069:Harper, Richard H.R (1992).
1057:) to air-cooled condensers (
262:facilities, and even aboard
187:metals or for testing their
7:
2175:
1630:Lowe, Derek (27 May 2015).
1333:10.1007/978-1-4899-7794-6_1
1319:Bertholf, Roger L. (2017).
1220:
1164:The coordination mechanisms
1085:
1032:
893:wearing protective lab coat
167:laboratory might contain a
158:
146:or technological research,
10:
3513:
3315:
2002:"University of Edingburgh"
1077:Waste sorting and disposal
977:hazardous waste management
866:
741:Biological safety cabinets
716:Refrigerators and Freezers
316:
3470:
3421:
3371:
3338:
3325:
3321:
3310:
3281:
3250:
3232:Time-domain reflectometer
3194:
3146:
3142:
3129:
3085:
3045:
3022:
2999:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
2966:
2962:
2949:
2910:
2867:
2816:
2785:
2722:
2691:
2668:
2652:
2626:
2622:
2609:
2492:
2426:
2338:
2263:
2185:
2181:
2170:
2051:Vinck, Dominique (2010).
1719:10.1007/978-3-030-57031-6
1581:(13): 701A. 30 May 2012.
1546:Oxford English Dictionary
1180:The laboratory's history.
862:
721:Universal testing machine
479:A laboratory in the 1970s
2027:"Green Your Lab Network"
1952:Towards Greener Research
1813:: CS1 maint: location (
1097:Towards greener research
966:Chemical Hygiene Officer
845:Public health laboratory
299:participatory approaches
40:University of Manchester
3067:Melting-point apparatus
2448:Cryogenic storage dewar
1551:Oxford University Press
881:station in a laboratory
491:Chemical laboratory in
427:in his laboratory, 1901
325:and the preparation of
3004:Mass spectrometer (MS)
2994:Gas chromatograph (GC)
1367:Latour, Bruno (1987).
1243:Controlled lab reactor
1068:Laboratory electronics
894:
882:
812:for the production of
777:Pipettes tips (supply)
657:Analytical devices as
593:
569:Equipment and supplies
465:University of Helsinki
412:and his contemporaries
348:The early laboratories
278:
219:) are used for either
43:
42:(a physics laboratory)
3379:Acid-resistant gloves
3060:differential scanning
1783:10.1201/9780429491634
1700:Otto, Thomas (2021).
1273:Laboratory automation
1238:Contamination control
1158:The division of labor
1101:UK-based network LEAN
1005:mitigation strategies
958:Chemical Hygiene Plan
888:
876:
850:Industrial laboratory
757:Environmental chamber
639:Chemical laboratories
610:scientific instrument
576:
467:on September 23, 1960
344:and similar devices.
342:particle accelerators
276:
33:
2956:Analytical chemistry
2458:Laminar flow cabinet
2164:Laboratory equipment
2119:at Wikimedia Commons
1923:"-70 is the new -80"
1575:Analytical Chemistry
1248:Environmental health
1010:environmental impact
645:laboratory glassware
561:laboratory glassware
169:particle accelerator
3328:Personal protective
2237:Meker–Fisher burner
1844:2007JChEd..84.1727M
1710:2021spa..book.....O
1672:"Museum of Alchemy"
1648:2015Natur.521..422L
1587:10.1021/ac00212a716
1549:(Online ed.).
1188:Social organization
834:Language laboratory
363:In the painting of
209:computer scientists
36:Schuster Laboratory
3171:Function generator
3154:Bench power supply
3093:Analytical balance
2854:Ostwald viscometer
2849:Graduated cylinder
2588:Inoculation needle
1852:10.1021/ed084p1727
1676:Speculum Alchemiae
1228:Cargo cult science
1109:green labs austria
989:indoor air quality
917:materials; moving
895:
883:
839:Medical laboratory
663:spectrophotometers
629:spectrophotometers
594:
587:graduated cylinder
279:
44:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3439:Fire extinguisher
3429:Biosafety cabinet
3417:
3416:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3237:Transistor tester
3227:Spectrum analyzer
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2817:Measuring devices
2639:Soxhlet extractor
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2553:Spectrophotometer
2548:Pipeclay triangle
2300:Mortar and pestle
2115:Media related to
1792:978-0-429-49163-4
1729:978-3-030-57030-9
1557:(Subscription or
1342:978-1-4899-7792-2
1327:. pp. 1–23.
1284:Laboratory safety
1233:Chemical accident
1119:, the think-tank
903:infectious agents
869:Laboratory safety
788:Specialized types
410:Antoine Lavoisier
332:The emergence of
16:(Redirected from
3504:
3336:
3335:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3217:Network analyzer
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2593:Inoculation loop
2463:Microtiter plate
2403:Test tube holder
2295:Magnetic stirrer
2183:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2114:
2100:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1944:
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1937:
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1894:
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1825:
1819:
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1812:
1804:
1768:
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1597:
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1542:
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1476:
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1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
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1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1316:
985:radiation safety
943:safety equipment
826:used to process
591:volumetric flask
583:Erlenmeyer flask
545:natural sciences
523:
504:
488:
476:
460:
448:
436:
421:
402:
137:
136:
133:
132:
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21:
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3507:
3506:
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3503:
3502:
3501:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3458:
3454:Solvent cabinet
3413:
3384:Eyewash station
3367:
3332:
3330:equipment (PPE)
3329:
3317:
3298:
3277:
3246:
3190:
3181:Pulse generator
3147:Control devices
3138:
3117:
3081:
3047:Thermochemistry
3041:
3018:
2958:
2937:
2906:
2863:
2829:Conical measure
2812:
2781:
2718:
2687:
2664:
2648:
2618:
2597:
2578:Test tube brush
2488:
2473:Picotiter plate
2436:
2422:
2418:Lab drying rack
2377:Extension clamp
2353:
2334:
2273:
2259:
2195:
2177:
2166:
2161:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2067:
2060:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1977:"MIT green lab"
1975:
1974:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1873:www.science.org
1867:
1866:
1859:
1826:
1822:
1806:
1805:
1793:
1769:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1730:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:10.1038/521422a
1628:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1598:
1594:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1556:
1536:
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1501:
1497:
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1479:
1473:
1469:
1459:
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1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1376:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1289:Science tourism
1223:
1190:
1133:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1048:
1035:
1026:
1018:
999:The effects of
997:
931:magnetic fields
871:
865:
810:Clandestine lab
801:Film laboratory
790:
701:Thermal cyclers
671:
641:
571:
541:
534:
524:
515:
505:
496:
489:
480:
477:
468:
461:
452:
449:
440:
437:
428:
422:
413:
403:
369:Albert Edelfelt
350:
319:
307:User innovation
303:Open innovation
240:learning spaces
161:
138:; colloquially
105:
96:
95:
61:
52:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3510:
3500:
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3476:
3471:
3468:
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3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3449:Safety cabinet
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3409:Safety goggles
3406:
3404:Safety glasses
3401:
3399:Nitrile gloves
3396:
3394:Medical gloves
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
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3326:
3319:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:Alligator clip
3285:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:Soldering iron
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3207:Logic analyzer
3204:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3164:Voltage source
3161:
3159:Current source
3150:
3148:
3140:
3139:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3098:Colony counter
3095:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3051:
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3034:
3028:
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3020:
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3006:
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2996:
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2986:
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2960:
2959:
2947:
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2899:
2894:
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2873:
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2836:
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2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:Vacuum (Dewar)
2734:
2728:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
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2688:
2686:
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2674:
2672:
2666:
2665:
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2662:
2656:
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2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
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2620:
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2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
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2540:
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2460:
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2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Test tube rack
2405:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2383:Funnel support
2381:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Liquid whistle
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2255:Vacuum dry box
2252:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:Heating mantle
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Alcohol burner
2198:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2108:
2092:
2091:External links
2089:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2058:
2043:
2018:
1993:
1968:
1954:. 2021-06-08.
1939:
1914:
1898:"Cold Storage"
1889:
1857:
1820:
1791:
1763:
1754:|journal=
1728:
1692:
1663:
1622:
1592:
1565:
1530:
1511:(6): 646–657.
1495:
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1168:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1132:
1129:
1093:Green Your Lab
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1047:
1046:Air condensers
1044:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1001:climate change
996:
995:Sustainability
993:
981:chemical waste
867:Main article:
864:
861:
858:
857:
852:
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842:
836:
831:
821:
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807:
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784:
778:
775:
769:
767:Weighing scale
764:
759:
754:
749:
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728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
698:
693:
687:
682:
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655:
653:reagent bottle
640:
637:
617:Bunsen burners
570:
567:
540:
537:
536:
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518:
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506:
499:
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483:
481:
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438:
431:
429:
423:
416:
414:
404:
397:
349:
346:
318:
315:
217:supercomputers
205:psychologist's
201:wet laboratory
173:vacuum chamber
160:
157:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3509:
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3489:
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3400:
3397:
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3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
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3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3363:Safety shower
3361:
3359:
3356:
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3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
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3334:
3331:
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3309:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3273:Wire stripper
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3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
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3149:
3145:
3141:
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3128:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Spiral plater
3101:
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3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
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3073:
3070:
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3029:
3027:
3025:
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3015:
3012:
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3007:
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3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
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2980:
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2969:
2967:Compositional
2965:
2961:
2957:
2952:
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2727:
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2715:
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2657:
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2651:
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2544:
2541:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
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2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:Balance brush
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2485:Weighing dish
2484:
2482:Weighing boat
2481:
2479:
2476:
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2398:
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2393:
2390:
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2376:
2374:
2373:Burette clamp
2371:
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2366:
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2243:
2240:
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2233:
2230:
2228:
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2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Bunsen burner
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2165:
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2146:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
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2109:
2107:at Wiktionary
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2094:
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1943:
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420:
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373:Louis Pasteur
370:
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365:Louis Pasteur
361:
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3492:Laboratories
3434:Fire blanket
3372:Eye and hand
3358:Rubber apron
3222:Oscilloscope
3186:Potentiostat
3113:Plate reader
3009:pH indicator
2979:CHN analyzer
2974:AutoAnalyzer
2767:Round-bottom
2660:Boston round
2523:Filter paper
2478:Refrigerator
2395:Retort stand
2363:Clamp holder
2359:Beaker clamp
2325:Vortex mixer
2320:Stirring rod
2315:Static mixer
2245:Teclu burner
2117:Laboratories
2103:
2079:
2070:
2052:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2021:
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1996:
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1971:
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1917:
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1892:
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1872:
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1675:
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1605:
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1540:"laboratory"
1533:
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1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1449:
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1427:. Retrieved
1419:SF Chronicle
1418:
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1396:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1351:. Retrieved
1324:
1314:
1217:laboratory.
1215:
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1198:ethnographic
1195:
1191:
1183:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1131:Organization
1121:labos1point5
1089:
1080:
1071:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1039:ULT freezers
1036:
1027:
1019:
998:
970:
965:
962:
957:
951:
935:high voltage
923:temperatures
896:
859:
819:Computer lab
793:
791:
726:ULT Freezers
692:& mixers
647:such as the
633:calorimeters
614:
602:measurements
595:
565:
542:
384:
381:
362:
351:
338:World War II
331:
320:
291:Hackerspaces
280:
248:universities
237:
199:might use a
162:
139:
47:
45:
18:Laboratories
3497:Experiments
3422:Other items
3348:Face shield
3195:Measurement
3176:Galvanostat
3136:Electronics
3086:Other items
3072:Thermometer
3055:Calorimeter
2984:Colorimeter
2928:Gas syringe
2911:Other items
2839:Eye dropper
2714:Watch glass
2699:Evaporating
2678:Cold finger
2493:Other items
2399:Screw clamp
2391:Pinch clamp
2380:Flask clamp
2330:Wash bottle
2285:Homogenizer
1608:(1): 3–41.
1268:Lab website
1138:technicians
915:radioactive
889:Geneticist
828:crime scene
748:instruments
685:Centrifuges
621:microscopes
604:and gather
600:or to take
334:Big Science
311:translation
283:Living Labs
221:simulations
215:(sometimes
152:measurement
148:experiments
3486:Categories
3353:Respirator
3294:Test probe
3212:Multimeter
3024:Microscopy
2844:Eudiometer
2808:Separatory
2777:Volumetric
2742:Erlenmeyer
2670:Condensers
2634:Dean–Stark
2583:Wire brush
2543:Microscope
2538:Centrifuge
2513:Cork borer
2468:Petri dish
2443:Agar plate
2430:Containers
2413:Wire gauze
2250:Water bath
2212:Desiccator
2128:QA Explore
2104:laboratory
2037:2022-02-27
2012:2021-09-07
1987:2021-09-07
1962:2021-09-07
1933:2021-09-07
1908:2021-09-07
1883:2021-09-07
1686:2017-10-24
1616:2017-10-24
1561:required.)
1460:October 5,
1429:October 5,
1398:October 5,
1353:2019-07-24
1306:References
1152:Their size
1037:Normally,
1024:Fume hoods
973:biohazards
921:; extreme
794:laboratory
762:Humidifier
752:Fume hoods
746:Sequencing
736:Bioreactor
731:Incubators
711:Photometer
680:Microscope
598:experiment
539:Techniques
495:since 2009
358:Pythagoras
354:Pythagoras
295:prototypes
268:spacecraft
256:government
203:, while a
177:metallurgy
175:, while a
144:scientific
48:laboratory
3444:Fume hood
3389:Glove box
3242:Voltmeter
2627:Apparatus
2616:Glassware
2505:Autoclave
2500:Aspirator
2453:Incubator
2387:Iron ring
2310:Sonicator
2280:Chemostat
2222:Hot plate
1809:cite book
1801:189160205
1756:ignored (
1746:cite book
1738:1611-1052
1258:Hackspace
1253:Fume hood
1055:condenser
947:emergency
929:, strong
919:machinery
911:explosive
907:flammable
891:Riin Tamm
855:Cleanroom
824:Crime lab
675:Autoclave
549:chemistry
406:Chemistry
371:in 1885,
327:medicines
233:Engineers
213:computers
197:biologist
3343:Lab coat
3268:Tweezers
3258:Heat gun
3014:pH meter
2923:Bell jar
2803:Dropping
2757:Florence
2747:Fernbach
2709:Syracuse
2568:Scoopula
2518:Crucible
2227:Lab oven
2031:Archived
2006:Archived
1981:Archived
1956:Archived
1927:Archived
1902:Archived
1877:Archived
1680:Archived
1610:Archived
1525:46887116
1475:systems.
1454:Archived
1450:EE Times
1423:Archived
1392:Archived
1347:Archived
1299:Workshop
1221:See also
1196:Through
1123:and the
1086:Networks
1033:Freezers
830:evidence
805:Darkroom
774:(supply)
772:Reagents
547:such as
513:Thailand
287:Fab Labs
260:military
252:industry
225:analysis
189:strength
185:refining
159:Overview
3282:General
3202:Ammeter
2902:Thistle
2859:Pipette
2834:Cuvette
2824:Burette
2793:Büchner
2786:Funnels
2772:Schlenk
2752:Fleaker
2732:Büchner
2653:Bottles
2573:Spatula
2563:Stopper
2533:Forceps
2433:Storage
2350:Holders
2270:Shakers
2241:Striker
2189:Heaters
2176:General
1840:Bibcode
1706:Bibcode
1644:Bibcode
1060:Vigreux
1053:Dimroth
899:poisons
879:eyewash
781:Polymer
696:Pipette
690:Shakers
579:beakers
557:physics
553:biology
532:Germany
336:during
323:alchemy
317:History
244:schools
223:or the
193:chemist
181:casting
165:physics
3316:Safety
2918:Beaker
2897:Thiele
2882:Cragie
2877:Drying
2798:Hirsch
2762:Retort
2724:Flasks
2692:Dishes
2683:Liebig
2644:Kipp's
2558:Splint
2368:Tripod
2346:Clamps
2342:Stands
2305:Shaker
2267:Mixers
2192:Dryers
1799:
1789:
1736:
1726:
1636:Nature
1523:
1339:
1203:rights
1103:, the
1099:, the
1062:column
939:safety
927:lasers
863:Safety
649:beaker
589:and a
577:Three
391:Prague
150:, and
3251:Tools
2869:Tubes
2704:Petri
1797:S2CID
1555:
1521:S2CID
1388:Wired
1280:(LIS)
913:, or
581:, an
289:, or
264:ships
258:, or
2933:Vial
2892:Test
2528:File
2232:Kiln
1815:link
1787:ISBN
1758:help
1734:ISSN
1724:ISBN
1462:2017
1431:2017
1400:2017
1337:ISBN
1111:and
952:The
659:HPLC
631:and
619:and
606:data
585:, a
266:and
246:and
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191:. A
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1848:doi
1779:doi
1714:doi
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1329:doi
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