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Refining

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of the impure material; the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles.
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can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and/or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by
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with residues and by-products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of
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that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural
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that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities.
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will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an
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are often used to remove impurities of particular types.
184: 153: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 403: 231:depends on precise control of impurities. The 124:(also perhaps called by the mathematical term 254:Types of materials that are usually refined: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 247:became available when Henry Theuerer of 377: 404: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 251:adapted Pfann's method to silicon. 13: 14: 423: 378:Parkash, Surinder (2003-10-16). 140:. The term is usually used of a 23: 34:needs additional citations for 371: 1: 364: 7: 381:Refining Processes Handbook 332: 10: 428: 384:. Elsevier. pp. xii. 202:can be refined by growing 239:was used to produce pure 171:is often accomplished by 339:Continuous distillation 16:Process of purification 344:Natural gas processing 316:Vegetable oil refining 263:Refining (metallurgy) 237:William Gardner Pfann 235:process developed by 162:Refining (metallurgy) 412:Industrial processes 128:) is the process of 43:improve this article 354:Wafer (electronics) 312:Food oil refinement 243:, and subsequently 245:float-zone silicon 214:Chemical reactions 391:978-0-08-052385-9 314:for food use and 191:with a selective 119: 118: 111: 93: 419: 396: 395: 375: 318:for biofuel use) 167:The refining of 142:natural resource 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 427: 426: 422: 421: 420: 418: 417: 416: 402: 401: 400: 399: 392: 376: 372: 367: 335: 160:(for which see 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 425: 415: 414: 398: 397: 390: 369: 368: 366: 363: 362: 361: 359:Air separation 356: 351: 346: 341: 334: 331: 330: 329: 324: 319: 305: 300: 290: 287:Sugar refinery 280: 275: 265: 225:semiconductors 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 424: 413: 410: 409: 407: 393: 387: 383: 382: 374: 370: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 328: 325: 323: 320: 317: 313: 309: 308:vegetable oil 306: 304: 301: 298: 294: 291: 288: 284: 281: 279: 276: 273: 269: 266: 264: 260: 257: 256: 255: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 177:fractionation 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 113: 110: 102: 99:February 2024 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 380: 373: 272:Oil refinery 253: 233:zone melting 218: 212: 197: 173:distillation 166: 130:purification 125: 121: 120: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 229:electronics 219:The use of 365:References 303:table salt 223:and other 189:extraction 69:newspapers 58:"Refining" 297:Gristmill 268:petroleum 249:Bell Labs 241:germanium 181:petroleum 146:petroleum 136:or a (2) 134:substance 132:of a (1) 406:Category 349:Refinery 333:See also 208:solution 204:crystals 126:affining 122:Refining 278:silicon 221:silicon 193:solvent 169:liquids 83:scholar 388:  259:metals 200:solids 150:engine 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  327:glass 310:(see 295:(see 293:flour 285:(see 283:sugar 270:(see 261:(see 206:in a 198:Many 185:Gases 158:metal 90:JSTOR 76:books 386:ISBN 138:form 62:news 322:air 227:in 183:. 175:or 164:). 156:to 154:ore 45:by 408:: 394:. 299:) 289:) 274:) 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

Index


verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Refining"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message
purification
substance
form
natural resource
petroleum
engine
ore
metal
Refining (metallurgy)
liquids
distillation
fractionation
petroleum
Gases
extraction
solvent
solids
crystals
solution

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