57:
1409:
1662:
639:
136:
1257:
280:
298:
4714:
4778:
244:
1447:
190:
172:
118:
100:
1358:
208:
262:
898:
226:
1117:
995:
154:
1686:
4728:
4559:
1529:, coexisted syncretically with Islam. Shamans, most of whom are women, still play a prominent role at funerals, memorials, and other ceremonies and rituals. This split between the northern and southern Kyrgyz in their religious adherence to Muslim practices can still be seen today. Likewise, the Sufi order of Islam has been one of the most active Muslim groups in Kyrgyzstan for more than a century.
2829:, pp. 4–5. "These results suggest that Turkic cultural customs were imposed by an East Asian minority elite onto central steppe nomad populations... The wide distribution of the Turkic languages from Northwest China, Mongolia and Siberia in the east to Turkey and Bulgaria in the west implies large-scale migrations out of the homeland in Mongolia.
2271:
3527:"The Kyrgyz individuals from China/Kyrgyzstan distribute in the center of PCA and cluster largely according to their geographic locations. The Kyrgyz of China cluster closer with Europeans and South Asians indicating that they have a higher proportion of west Eurasian component than the Kyrgyz of Kyrgyzstan."
2841:, p. 197. "Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations. The Turkicisation of central and western Eurasia was not the product of migrations involving a homogeneous entity, but that of language diffusion."
1728:
In the 19th century, Russian settlers on traditional
Kirghiz land drove a lot of the Kirghiz over the border to China, causing their population to increase in China. Compared to Russian controlled areas, more benefits were given to the Muslim Kirghiz on the Chinese controlled areas. Russian settlers
1412:
An
Eurasian-wide Principal Component Analysis of the modern and ancient Eurasians. A total of 1,372 ancient individuals are projected onto the first two principal components defined by modern Eurasian populations. (A) Mesolithic to Eneolithic Age, (B) Pre-Bronze to Bronze Age, (C) Iron Age and (D)
1344:
The oldest notes about a definite mention of the Kyrgyz ethnonym originate from the 6th century. There is a certain probability that there was relations between Kyrgyz and
Gegunese already in the 2nd century BC and between Kyrgyz and Khakas since the 6th century AD, but there is a missing unique
3486:
Dai, Shan-Shan; Sulaiman, Xierzhatijiang; Isakova, Jainagul; Xu, Wei-Fang; Abdulloevich, Najmudinov
Tojiddin; Afanasevna, Manilova Elena; Ibrohimovich, Khudoidodov Behruz; Chen, Xi; Yang, Wei-Kang; Wang, Ming-Shan; Shen, Quan-Kuan; Yang, Xing-Yan; Yao, Yong-Gang; Aldashev, Almaz A; Saidov,
1417:
A 2011 study of autosomal ancestry found that East
Eurasian ancestry is predominant in most Kyrgyz living in Kyrgyzstan. East Eurasian ancestry makes up roughly two-thirds with exceptions of Kyrgyz living in Tajikistan and the western areas of Kyrgyzstan, where it forms only half.
2272:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"
1305:
Kyrgyz, a trace of their ethnogenetical connections is apparent in archaeology, history, language and ethnography. A majority of modern researchers came to the conclusion that the ancestors of Kyrgyz tribes had their origin in the most ancient tribal unions of
2416:
1729:
fought against the Muslim nomadic
Kirghiz, which led the Russians to believe that the Kirghiz would be a liability in any conflict against China. The Muslim Kirghiz were sure that in an upcoming war, that China would defeat Russia.
2258:
1296:
retained its unifying political designation, and became a general ethnonym for the
Yenisei Kirgiz and aboriginal Turkic tribes that presently constitute the Kyrgyz population. Though it is impossible to directly identify the
1421:
A 2022 study and report found that Kyrgyz people from China were found to have more West
Eurasian ancestry than the Kyrgyz from Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz people from China clustered more closely with Europeans and South Asians.
1400:
being the most predominant West
Eurasian mtDNA haplogroup at about 14.2% (range 8.3% Talas to 21.3% Sary-Tash) among the Kyrgyz. However, the majority of Kyrgyz belong to East Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups, with mtDNA
1495:
The Kyrgyz began to convert to Islam in the mid-17th century. Sufi missionaries played an important role in the conversion. By the 19th century, the Kyrgyz were considered devout
Muslims and some performed the
2713:
The Russians in Central Asia: their occupation of the Kirghiz steppe and the line of the Syr-Daria : their political relations with Khiva, Bokhara, and Kokan: also descriptions of Chinese Turkestan and
613:
literally means "a collection of forty tribes". It also means "imperishable", "inextinguishable", "immortal", "unconquerable" or "unbeatable", as well as its association with the epic hero
1518:, the former President of Kyrgyzstan, stated that Islam was increasingly taking root, even in the northern regions which had been under communist influence. She emphasized that many
3305:
Y Chromosome Polymorphism In The Turkish-Speaking Population Of Altai, Sayan, Tien-Shan And Pamirs In The Context Of Interaction Of The Gene Pools Of Western And Eastern Eurasia
2487:"Chingis Khan and his Mongol descendants held sway over the area from the thirteenth century until the fifteenth century, when an autonomous Kyrgyz khanate was established."
1605:. Their request was denied. In the meantime, the heat and the unsanitary conditions of the refugee camp were killing off the Kyrgyz refugees at an alarming rate.
2074:
4766:
4108:
2220:
1405:(approx. 20.2%, range 14.6% Talas to 25.5% Sary-Tash) and D4 in particular (approx. 18.5%) being the most frequent Eastern Eurasian lineage among them.
6252:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
4744:
3613:
2015:
3300:ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ Y Хромосомы У Тюркоязычного Населения Алтая, Саян, Тянь-Шаня И Памира В Контексте Взаимодействия Генофондов Западной И Восточной Евразии
1155:
In 840, a revolt led by the Yenisei Kyrgyz brought down the Uyghur Khaganate, and brought the Yenisei Kyrgyz to a dominating position in the former
849:, the ethnonym's original meaning had apparently been forgotten – as was shown by variations in readings of it across different reductions of the
1213:
range and maintained their dominance over this territory for about 200 years. In the 12th century, however, Kyrgyz domination had shrunk to the
4657:
4652:
1006:. Recent linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest Turkic peoples descended from agricultural communities in
3757:
3437:
Martínez-Cruz B, Vitalis R, Ségurel L, Austerlitz F, Georges M, Théry S, Quintana-Murci L, Hegay T, Aldashev A, Nasyrova F, Heyer E (2011).
4487:
2695:
2348:
2126:
2033:
2567:
2441:
Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milíč; Mbiti, John; Pelikan, Jaroslav; Vischer, Lukas; Bromiley, Geoffrey W.; Barrett, David B. (2003).
3042:
Wen, Shao-Qing; Du, Pan-xin; Sun, Chang; Cui, Wei; Xu, Yi-ran; Meng, Hai-liang; Shi, Mei-sen; Zhu, Bo-feng; Li, Hui (September 2021).
2882:
Wen, Shao-Qing; Du, Pan-xin; Sun, Chang; Cui, Wei; Xu, Yi-ran; Meng, Hai-liang; Shi, Mei-sen; Zhu, Bo-feng; Li, Hui (September 2021).
1585:
region. Until 1978, the northeastern portion of Wakhan was home to about 3–5 thousand ethnic Kyrgyz. In 1978, most Kyrgyz inhabitants
1044:
was of "particularly great importance for the formative process" of the Kyrgyz, have their origins in the western parts of modern-day
2106:
4666:
5000:
4759:
3674:
1903:, where Kyrgyz is the only Turkic language spoken in Pakistan. There are only a few thousand left, and many have assimilated with
3804:
3044:"Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru'un Mongolian Y chromosomes"
2884:"Dual origins of the Northwest Chinese Kyrgyz: the admixture of Bronze age Siberian and Medieval Niru'un Mongolian Y chromosomes"
1014:
in the late 3rd millennium BC, where they adopted a pastoral lifestyle. By the early 1st millennium BC, these peoples had become
4664:
Politics of Language in the Ex-Soviet Muslim States: Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan
3645:"Kyrgyzstan: An interview with Bermet Akayeva, daughter of ex-president Askar Akayev | Women Reclaiming and Redefining Cultures"
3537:
4290:"Millet agriculture dispersed from Northeast China to the Russian Far East: Integrating archaeology, genetics, and linguistics"
3280:
Deka, Papiha, Chakraborty, R. S. R. (2012). Genomic diversity: Applications in human population genetics. (1st ed.). Springer.
3236:
1365:
The genetic makeup of the Kyrgyz is consistent with their origin as a mix of tribes. For instance, 63% of modern Kyrgyz men of
3999:
6288:
4683:
4579:
4501:
4338:
4244:"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples"
4232:
4009:
3956:
3929:
3851:
3572:
3285:
3167:
2630:
2508:
2480:
2452:
2064:
5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения. (XLS). Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian, Kyrgyz, and English). 2019.
1752:
2556:(translation of 8-10th century Chinese Tanghuiyao), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 103, 128 (in Russian)
962:
6293:
6278:
3946:
1804:
4718:
1098:
was depicted as identical to the tamga of the present-day Kyrgyz tribes Azyk, Bugu, Cherik, Sary Bagysh and a few others.
934:
6323:
4752:
2459:"Various Kyrgyz tribes began creating an independent khanate during the 15th century with a distinctive Kyrgyz language."
4774:
3298:
3081:
6318:
6283:
2221:
https://novastan.org/en/kyrgyzstan/from-the-high-pamirs-to-the-shores-of-lake-van-the-tale-of-turkeys-kyrgyz-community/
1633:
was based on the life of these Kyrgyz in their new home. Some Kyrgyz returned to Wakhan in October 1979, following the
56:
2197:"Tajik and Kyrgyz Settlements around Broghil Pass; Impact on Khowar Culture in Khyber Pakhunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan"
1834:
A peculiar group, also included under the "Kyrgyz nationality" by the PRC official classification, are the so-called "
551:
The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western
4629:
4139:
3597:
2080:
1776:
1413:
Historical Era individuals were shown. Kyrgyz people are shown in the center between East and West-Eurasian clusters.
981:
941:
493:
456:
1634:
3388:"Joint Genetic Analyses of Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Molecular Markers for a Population from Northwest China"
6303:
6298:
5279:
4957:
4353:"Tracing population movements in ancient East Asia through the linguistics and archaeology of textile production"
3700:
783:. Besides, Chinese scholars later used a number of different transcriptions for the Kyrgyz people: these include
2019:
1237:
occupied Kyrgyzstan without resistance. The state remained a Mongol vassal until the late 14th century. Various
4732:
4090:
1718:
1054:
948:
919:
915:
876:
1858:, they were relocated from Dzungaria to Manchuria in the 18th century, and who now live in Wujiazi Village in
6273:
2417:"Report: Mapping of Kyrgyz Diaspora Compatriots and Migrants Abroad 2021 | United Nations in Kyrgyz Republic"
1710:
1698:
3644:
3342:"Different Matrilineal Contributions to Genetic Structure of Ethnic Groups in the Silk Road Region in China"
5814:
4993:
4901:
4675:
2736:
1666:
4970:
4641:
3621:
1377:
within the historical period. Other groups of Kyrgyz especially Southwest Kyrgyz show considerably lower
930:
1916:
2538:
Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuyao" of 8–10th centuries)
2293:
1601:, a state of the United States which they thought might have a similar climate and temperature with the
1506:
has some following in the northern regions under Russian communist influence. A few cultural rituals of
5880:
4953:
4873:
4782:
4524:
4364:
3230:
Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002).
3181:
Zerjal, Tatiana; Wells, R. Spencer; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2002).
1441:
874:. When distinction had to be made, more specific terms were used: the Kyrgyz proper were known as the
2127:
https://eurasianet.org/tajikistan-helpless-kyrgyz-communities-isolated-and-stranded-by-border-tension
1859:
405:
At the 2009 census, ethnic Kyrgyz constituted roughly 71% of population of Kyrgyzstan (5.36 million).
2500:
Indigenous Peoples: An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival [4 volumes]
6212:
6171:
5339:
4911:
4861:
4688:
3896:
Unknown Mongolia: a record of travel and exploration in north-west Mongolia and Dzungaria, Volume 2
2102:
1923:
where some defected and settled in Pakistan. There are also Kyrgyz nationals who work in Pakistan.
1745:
1741:
1198:. The Kirghiz qaghan assisted the Tang dynasty in destroying the Uyghur Khaganate and rescuing the
580:
4738:
3948:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949
2749:]. Collected Works of V. Bartold, Vol. II, part 1 (in Russian). pp. 65–80. Archived from
1408:
870:– to refer not only to the modern Kyrgyz, but also to their more numerous northern relatives, the
5379:
5304:
5068:
5061:
4986:
4921:
4896:
4493:
4243:
2394:
1156:
1105:
described the Kyrgyz (結骨) with red hair, white skin, and green eyes. Contemporary Persian writer
908:
4513:"Populations dynamics in Northern Eurasian forests: a long-term perspective from Northeast Asia"
3162:
Day, J. (2001). Indo-european origins: The anthropological evidence. Inst for the Study of Man.
2718:
2373:
6308:
6202:
4940:
4819:
3894:
1694:
1661:
1431:
819:
4624:. University of Washington Press. 1st paperback edition with new preface and epilogue (2002).
3717:
3091:
2620:
2498:
2470:
2442:
6313:
5858:
5153:
4855:
4831:
4420:
4348:
3919:
3841:
3560:
2040:
1947:
1942:
1510:
are practiced to this day, particularly in Central Kyrgyzstan. During a July 2007 interview,
753:
3488:
3439:"In the heartland of Eurasia: the multilocus genetic landscape of Central Asian populations"
2968:
Prior, Daniel (September 2006). "Heroes, Chieftains, and the Roots of Kirghiz Nationalism".
2943:
2653:
2578:
1345:
mention. The Kyrgyz as an ethnic group are mentioned quite unambiguously during the time of
1253:. Many Kyrgyz tribes that had fled the Dzungars returned to modern Kyrgyzstan at this time.
6197:
5534:
5158:
5038:
4906:
4849:
4837:
4813:
4400:
4168:
3487:
Abdusattor; Chen, Wei; Cheng, Lu-Feng; Peng, Min-Sheng; Zhang, Ya-Ping (1 September 2022).
3117:
1867:
1629:
was given to these, where more than 5,000 of them still reside today. The documentary film
1570:
1402:
1397:
1382:
1378:
955:
827:
342:
4451:
3779:
1190:, which was mentioned in the diplomatic correspondence between the Kirghiz khagan and the
8:
6061:
5349:
5084:
4948:
4916:
4843:
4663:
4648:"Hereditary Transmission in Siberian Shamanism and the Concept of the Reality of Legends"
4049:
3892:
3232:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"
3183:"A Genetic Landscape Reshaped by Recent Events: Y-Chromosomal Insights into Central Asia"
2137:
1784:
1551:
1492:, the Kyrgyz were still described as a people who "venerate the Fire and burn the dead".
1471:
1437:
683:
657:
638:
4543:
4512:
4383:
4352:
4172:
3340:
Yao, Yong-Gang; Kong, Qing-Peng; Wang, Cheng-Ye; Zhu, Chun-Ling; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2004).
3121:
2002:"Kyrgyz: Our Languages: About: Central Eurasian Studies: Indiana University Bloomington"
1256:
5742:
5544:
5454:
5354:
4879:
4202:
3984:
3513:
3463:
3438:
3414:
3387:
2689:
2177:
2169:
2001:
1890:
1835:
1656:
1586:
1194:
emperor, since the Tang imperial Li family claimed descent from Li Ling's grandfather,
378:
4647:
3815:
3545:
3258:
3231:
3207:
3182:
2711:
1899:
people native to Pakistan. The Kyrgyz in Pakistan live mostly in the north, primarily
5900:
5799:
5260:
5118:
4679:
4625:
4575:
4548:
4497:
4456:
4388:
4334:
4320:
4269:
4228:
4194:
4135:
4005:
3952:
3925:
3868:
3847:
3593:
3568:
3518:
3468:
3419:
3365:
3281:
3263:
3212:
3163:
3145:
3140:
3105:
3063:
3043:
2903:
2883:
2626:
2504:
2476:
2448:
2181:
1920:
1737:
1522:
have been built and that the Kyrgyz are "increasingly devoting themselves to Islam".
1488:
1141:
1030:
1027:
1015:
4693:
4206:
4150:
2515:"In 1510, the Kyrgyz threw off Oirat rule and established a Kyrgyz khanate in 1514."
1229:
in the 13th century, the Kyrgyz migrated south. In 1207, after the establishment of
860:
During the 18th and 19th centuries, European writers used the early Romanized form
646:
The earliest records of the ethnonym appear to have been the Chinese transcriptions
6207:
5853:
5700:
5569:
5501:
5430:
5374:
5359:
5344:
5329:
5299:
5289:
5265:
5201:
5108:
4538:
4528:
4483:
4475:
4446:
4436:
4432:
4416:
4378:
4368:
4315:
4305:
4259:
4255:
4184:
4176:
4155:
3508:
3500:
3458:
3450:
3409:
3399:
3355:
3253:
3245:
3202:
3194:
3135:
3125:
3104:
Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Underhill PA, Evseeva I, et al. (2001).
3055:
2895:
2235:
2161:
2039:(in Russian). National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. Archived from
1912:
1878:
1674:
1393:
1250:
1149:
1102:
835:
599:
576:
467:
430:
2710:
Valikhanov, Chokan Chingisovich; Venyukov, Mikhail Ivanovich; et al. (1865).
1554:
of northeastern Afghanistan. They still lead a nomadic lifestyle and are led by a
880:("Black Kirghiz", from the colour of their tents), and the Kazakhs were named the
6217:
5824:
5735:
5574:
5554:
5459:
5449:
5435:
5364:
5324:
5319:
5284:
5185:
5139:
5113:
4670:
4222:
4164:
3985:"Into Their World…The Akto Turkmen of China | Lausanne World Pulse Archives"
1937:
1871:
1851:
1839:
1828:
1760:
1650:
1602:
1590:
1547:
1386:
1370:
1366:
1218:
1214:
1007:
627:
545:
366:
318:
4070:
6253:
6136:
5885:
5640:
5564:
5506:
5425:
5369:
5334:
5309:
5294:
5225:
5052:
5017:
5009:
4563:
4224:
The Kyrgyz – Children of Manas [Кыргыздар – Манастын балдары]
3059:
2899:
2732:
1904:
1896:
1816:
1800:
1772:
1764:
1574:
1511:
1479:
1374:
1238:
1199:
1176:
1133:
1037:
1003:
831:
745:
717:
556:
502:
6022:
5420:
4441:
4310:
4289:
4264:
4180:
1186:
of the Yenisei Kirghiz Khaganate claimed descent from the Han Chinese general
6267:
6181:
5986:
5956:
5890:
5829:
5721:
5714:
5661:
5549:
5539:
5314:
4460:
4273:
3504:
3346:
3308:
3106:"The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity"
2699:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 827–829.
2684:
1843:
1812:
1780:
1670:
1478:
in the 7th and 8th centuries. In the 8th century, orthodox Islam reached the
1463:
1226:
1172:
1145:
1125:
1023:
846:
622:
618:
614:
572:
370:
303:
4622:
The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan: Adaptation to Closed Frontiers and War
3360:
3341:
6229:
6096:
6081:
5895:
5834:
5804:
5768:
5728:
5592:
5464:
5441:
5209:
5145:
5032:
4603:
in written sources of 6–12th centuries". Peoples of Asia and Africa, 1968.
4552:
4392:
4198:
3522:
3472:
3423:
3369:
3267:
3216:
3149:
3130:
3067:
2907:
2717:. Translated by John Michell and Robert Michell. Edward Stanford. pp.
2658:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
2165:
1863:
1855:
1846:) people whose forefathers were relocated from the Yenisei river region to
1824:
1788:
1759:
Uygur Autonomous Region, with a smaller remainder found in the neighboring
1638:
1626:
1581:
and Afghanistan. Most of the Kyrgyz refugees in Afghanistan settled in the
1556:
1515:
1346:
1191:
1137:
1019:
816:
737:
568:
509:
505:
374:
362:
3734:
3454:
3404:
6233:
6116:
6111:
6055:
5559:
5475:
5402:
5271:
5252:
5075:
4867:
1987:
1932:
1820:
1796:
1610:
1543:
1467:
1277:
1086:
691:
665:
529:
249:
4713:
4533:
4189:
3614:"Eurasianet Civil Society – Kyrgyzstan: Time to Ponder a Federal System"
2173:
1446:
555:
around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the
5916:
5163:
4786:
4777:
4741:, Center for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School
4373:
4132:
The Kirgiz and their ethnogenetical historical and cultural connections
2261:: Distribution of population by nationality. Retrieved on 23 April 2009
1908:
1678:
1525:
Many ancient indigenous beliefs and practices, including shamanism and
1289:
1273:
922: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
769:
541:
537:
517:
513:
195:
177:
123:
105:
6101:
5245:
2079:(in Simplified Chinese). Xinjiang Bureau of Statistics. Archived from
1919:
of Kyrgyz origin in Pakistan. Some also come from Kyrgyzstan from the
1357:
1349:'s rule (1162–1227), when their name replaces the former name Khakas.
1171:, bringing them into contact with the existing peoples of what is now
1159:. With the rise to power, the center of the Kyrgyz Khaganate moved to
6131:
6121:
6068:
6035:
5921:
5707:
5669:
5650:
5630:
5605:
5511:
5045:
3758:"Turkey: Kyrgyz Nomads Struggle To Make Peace With Settled Existence"
3436:
2602:
Golden, Peter B. (August 2018). "The Ethnogonic Tales of the Türks".
1847:
1507:
1475:
1319:
1311:
1302:
1210:
1164:
1049:
1041:
729:
358:
4479:
3965:
3893:
Alexander Douglas Mitchell Carruthers; Jack Humphrey Miller (1914).
2196:
1337:
18th-century Qing administrators referred to the Kyrgyz by the name
897:
583:
in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
6241:
6086:
6030:
6016:
6001:
5976:
5966:
5936:
5625:
5612:
5598:
5179:
4301:
3249:
3198:
3023:
Hostetler, Laura (2014). "Central Asians in the Eighteenth-Century
1756:
1733:
1618:
1614:
1594:
1526:
1323:
1285:
1246:
1195:
1168:
1110:
1045:
1011:
592:
552:
525:
335:
213:
66:
62:
3643:
Kenny, Timothy; Myatiyev, Ruslan; Akayeva, Bermet (17 July 2007).
3103:
1622:
1116:
6176:
6126:
6076:
6050:
6045:
6006:
5996:
5951:
5946:
5931:
5848:
5794:
5757:
5752:
5645:
5635:
5620:
5469:
5238:
5192:
5103:
4978:
4825:
3721:
3675:"Tradition and Changing Ideals Collide in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan"
3652:
2741:[The Tian Shan Kirghiz in the 18th and 19th centuries].
2349:"Kyrgyz Religious Hatred Trial Throws Spotlight On Ancient Creed"
1900:
1808:
1593:. They requested 5,000 visas from the United States consulate in
1503:
1392:
Depending on the geographical location of samples, West Eurasian
1327:
1298:
1269:
1203:
1187:
1129:
1106:
1048:
and first appear in written records in the Chinese annals of the
994:
871:
564:
560:
390:
382:
354:
267:
3489:"The Genetic Echo of the Tarim Mummies in Modern Central Asians"
2750:
2152:
Callahan, Ted (2007). "The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride on".
1685:
6151:
6141:
6091:
6040:
5991:
5981:
5961:
5941:
5926:
5840:
5776:
5762:
5694:
5679:
5674:
5655:
5483:
5397:
4727:
4421:"Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese"
3229:
3180:
1792:
1768:
1606:
1598:
1582:
1519:
1483:
1459:
1451:
1242:
1241:
ruled them until 1685, when they came under the control of the
1222:
1183:
1160:
834:
provided by an interpreter who explained the ethnonym based on
732:
proposed that the ethnonym possibly means 'field people, field
632:
533:
386:
285:
231:
159:
4698:
Yu Taishan. "A Note On The Geographical Location Of Jiankun".
4638:, by Rowan Stewart and Susie Steldon, by Odyssey publications.
2762:
2760:
2688:
2034:"Ethnic composition of the population in Kyrgyzstan 1999–2014"
1631:
37 Uses for a Dead Sheep – the Story of the Pamir Kirghiz
439:
6249:
6146:
6106:
6011:
5971:
5689:
5684:
5516:
5231:
4926:
4562:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
4558:
2851:
Bernshtam, A. (1955). "On the Origins of the Kyrgyz People".
1702:
1578:
1562:
1474:
was first introduced by Arab traders who travelled along the
1396:
lineages make up 27% to 42.6% in the Kyrgyz, with haplogroup
1315:
1307:
1281:
1234:
1144:, the Yenisei Kyrgyz were a part of the confederation of the
1095:
521:
339:
331:
141:
4674:
by Jacob M. Landau and Barbara Kellner-Heinkele. Ann Arbor,
4151:"137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes"
3558:
3296:
2440:
1854:
in the 17th century, and upon defeat of the Dzungars by the
1577:
rule in Central Asia caused many Kyrgyz later to migrate to
476:
6245:
6237:
2808:
2757:
1497:
1331:
733:
2662:
2518:
2347:
Ashakeeva, Gulaiym; Najibullah, Farangis (February 2012).
2992:
2784:
2540:, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 103
2316:
1877:
Certain segments of the Kyrgyz in China are followers of
482:
479:
445:
442:
3565:
Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources
2930:
Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources
4109:"Resettlement Pattern: The Afghan Refugees in Pakistan"
3869:"LibGuides: Chinese Ethnic Groups: Overview Statistics"
1090:
of the 8–10th century transcribed the name "Kyrgyz" as
4564:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
4030:
3807:
Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot
3004:
2980:
2863:
2328:
4969:
Ethnic group statistics according to the 2009 census
3031:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 111.
2796:
1966:
The Pamiri Kyrgyz people of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
1018:. In subsequent centuries, the steppe populations of
494:
485:
473:
457:
448:
436:
4702:, Beijing, 2019, No. 9. – pp. 1––5. In Chinese.
4689:
Culture of Kyrgyz Republic.Well made JAPANESE pages.
3642:
3485:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3223:
2772:
1613:, stepped in, and resettled the entire group in the
1609:, which was under the military coup rule of General
1163:, and brought about a spread south of the Kyrgyz to
4480:"The Transeurasian homeland: where, what and when?"
4018:
3307:] (Thesis) (in Russian). Moscow. Archived from
2820:
2346:
2304:
1206:. They also killed a Uyghur khagan in the process.
470:
433:
3386:Guo Y, Xia Z, Cui W, Chen C, Jin X, Zhu B (2020).
2709:
2625:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 108.
1264:By the 16th century, the carriers of the ethnonym
4220:
4076:
3971:
3323:
3087:
2147:
2145:
1109:recounted a legend that ascribed these traits to
698:). Those suggest that the original ethnonym was *
6265:
3025:Qing Imperial Illustrations of Tributary Peoples
2294:"Kyrgyzstan - International emigrant stock 2019"
548:, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.
4572:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
4510:
4489:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
4242:Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (18 October 2017).
4148:
4088:
3110:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2826:
2814:
1673:in Beijing. (Fourth from the left, between the
1292:. In the Tian Shan and Xinjiang area, the term
3797:
3606:
3339:
2731:
2142:
4994:
4760:
4595:Kyzlasov, L.R. "Mutual relationship of terms
4347:
3921:The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860–1917
3917:
3561:"Chapter 4, Discourse on the Qïrghïz Country"
3385:
2832:
2790:
2468:
1079:
1069:
1063:
865:
711:
677:
651:
567:. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the
4511:Uchiyama, Junzo; et al. (21 May 2020).
3839:
1486:. However, in the 10th-century Persian text
591:There are several theories on the origin of
44:
37:
31:
4399:
4227:(in English and Russian). NOSTALGIE Praha.
4149:Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (9 May 2018).
3833:
3735:"Mock and O'Neil, Expedition Report (2004)"
3718:FACTBOX-Key facts about the Wakhan Corridor
3542:International Religious Freedom Report 2010
3041:
2881:
2668:
2618:
2524:
1373:. Low diversity of Kyrgyz R1a1 indicates a
1233:(Mongol empire), Genghis Khan's oldest son
5001:
4987:
4767:
4753:
4658:Kyrgyz Healing Practices: Some Field Notes
3755:
3544:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from
3381:
3379:
2596:
2559:
2497:Williams, Victoria R. (24 February 2020).
598:. It is often said to be derived from the
55:
4700:International Journal of Eurasian Studies
4542:
4532:
4450:
4440:
4382:
4372:
4319:
4309:
4287:
4263:
4221:Kokaisl, Petr; Kokaislova, Pavla (2009).
4188:
3552:
3512:
3462:
3413:
3403:
3359:
3257:
3206:
3139:
3129:
3022:
2850:
2802:
2738:Тянь-Шаньские киргизы в XVIII и XIX веках
2095:
1705:. They are known in Mandarin Chinese as
1617:region of Turkey in 1982. The village of
982:Learn how and when to remove this message
4474:
4415:
4333:(2nd ed.). The Globe Pequot Press.
4328:
4241:
4129:
4036:
3701:"A Hard Life on the 'Roof of the World'"
3592:. London: Routledge. pp. 328, 337.
3567:. Indiana University Press. p. 30.
3097:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2928:Levi, Scott C.; Sela, Ron, eds. (2009).
2927:
2869:
2838:
2778:
2766:
2683:
2568:"The Turkic World in Mahmûd al-Kâshgarî"
2496:
2334:
2322:
2151:
1701:. There are more than 145,000 Kyrgyz in
1684:
1660:
1445:
1407:
1356:
1255:
1209:Then Kyrgyz quickly moved as far as the
1136:, the Yenisei Kyrgyz were a part of the
1115:
1040:, whose 9–10th century migration to the
993:
830:surmises that "red face" was possibly a
637:
625:. A rival myth, recorded in 1370 in the
45:
4411:(1–2). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 98–108.
3945:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (9 October 1986).
3376:
3029:Writing Travel in Central Asian History
2932:. Indiana University Press. p. 62.
2679:
2677:
2614:
2612:
2230:
2228:
853:. This may have led to the adoption of
6266:
3944:
3698:
3587:
3237:The American Journal of Human Genetics
3187:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2565:
2469:Everett-Heath, Tom (8 December 2003).
2138:Kazakhstan population by ethnic groups
1911:. They used to dominate the region of
1124:The Yenisei Kyrgyz lived in the upper
1084:). The Middle Age Chinese composition
4982:
4748:
3997:
3559:Scott Cameron Levi, Ron Sela (2010).
3297:Balaganskaya Olga Alekseevna (2011).
2967:
2026:
1753:Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture
1532:
1260:Kyrgyz women offering butter and salt
532:. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in
4609:Zuev, Yu.A. "Kirgiz – Buruts".
4569:
4113:Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine
4024:
2970:Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism
2674:
2622:Interpreters in Early Imperial China
2609:
2310:
2225:
2194:
1838:". It is a group of several hundred
1827:, a former Kyrgyz tribe, now speaks
1546:was 1,130 in 2003, all from eastern
920:adding citations to reliable sources
891:
845:, meaning 'red'. By the time of the
815:(居勿), and then, during the reign of
621:– unified the 40 tribes against the
92:Regions with significant populations
4403:(1990). "The Name of the Kirghiz".
4089:Raheal Siddiqui (1 December 2019).
3998:Coene, Frederik (16 October 2009).
3711:
3590:Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union
2554:Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms
2472:Central Asia: Aspects of Transition
2447:. Eerdmans and Brill. p. 144.
16:Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia
13:
5008:
4653:2002 Smithsonian folklife festival
4589:
4351:; et al. (14 February 2020).
4331:Kyrgyzstan: The Bradt Travel Guide
4288:Li, Tao; et al. (June 2020).
4134:(in Russian). Moscow: Кыргызстан.
3918:Alex Marshall (22 November 2006).
3866:
3780:"37 USES FOR A DEAD SHEEP TRAILER"
1022:appear to have been progressively
14:
6335:
4706:
4091:"The last Kirghiz khan in Gilgit"
3699:Estrin, James (4 February 2013).
2747:The Kyrgyz: an historical outline
2016:"2009 Census preliminary results"
1669:) portrayed on a poster near the
775:'gray' (horse color) plus suffix
6244:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
4776:
4726:
4712:
4557:
2444:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
2259:Ukrainian population census 2001
2107:Federal State Statistics Service
1755:in the southwestern part of the
1635:Soviet occupation of Afghanistan
1621:(or "Great Pamir" in Kyrgyz) in
1225:expansion. With the rise of the
896:
864:– from the contemporary Russian
826:(黠戛斯), said to mean "red face".
466:
429:
296:
278:
260:
242:
224:
206:
188:
170:
152:
134:
116:
98:
4294:Archaeological Research in Asia
4101:
4082:
4079:, pp. 4, 185–188, 259–260.
4042:
3991:
3977:
3938:
3911:
3886:
3860:
3846:. Lonely Planet. pp. 24–.
3772:
3749:
3727:
3692:
3667:
3636:
3581:
3530:
3493:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3479:
3430:
3290:
3274:
3173:
3156:
3035:
3016:
2961:
2936:
2921:
2875:
2844:
2725:
2703:
2646:
2546:
2530:
2490:
2462:
2434:
2409:
2387:
2366:
2353:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2340:
2286:
2264:
2252:
2214:
2195:Asim, Muhammad (January 2019).
2188:
2103:"Национальный состав населения"
1960:
1866:Province. Their language (the
1740:, and also participated in the
907:needs additional citations for
768:and suggests a derivation from
609:being an old plural suffix, so
4486:; Savelyev, Alexander (eds.).
4452:11858/00-001M-0000-002E-8635-7
4001:The Caucasus - An Introduction
2131:
2120:
2067:
2058:
2008:
1994:
1980:
1722:
1714:
1537:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1055:Records of the Grand Historian
857:and its mythical explanation.
712:
678:
631:, concerns 40 women born on a
398:
32:
1:
4717:The dictionary definition of
4077:Kokaisl & Kokaislova 2009
3972:Kokaisl & Kokaislova 2009
3088:Kokaisl & Kokaislova 2009
1973:
1751:They are found mainly in the
1697:officially recognized by the
1689:"Kirgiz Tents" or yurts. 1914
79:
6289:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
4676:University of Michigan Press
4425:Language Dynamics and Change
4329:Mitchell, Laurence (2012) .
3651:. EurasiaNet. Archived from
2604:The Medieval History Journal
2201:Pak-Iran Intellectuals Forum
1637:. They are found around the
1385:(except for the Kyrgyz from
1381:frequencies and almost lack
706:, and another transcription
586:
7:
6294:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan
6279:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan
4620:Shahrani, M. Nazif. (1979)
4574:. New York: Facts On File.
4517:Evolutionary Human Sciences
4357:Evolutionary Human Sciences
3924:. Routledge. pp. 85–.
3805:"Hermann Kreutzmann (2003)
2743:Киргизы. Исторический очерк
1926:
1884:
1693:The Kyrgyz form one of the
1425:
1352:
512:. They primarily reside in
38:
10:
6340:
6324:Muslim communities in Asia
4642:Books by Chokan Valikhanov
4525:Cambridge University Press
4365:Cambridge University Press
4123:
3843:Afghanistan. Ediz. Inglese
3756:EurasiaNet (20 May 2012).
3060:10.1038/s10038-021-00979-x
2900:10.1038/s10038-021-00979-x
2475:. Routledge. p. 107.
1888:
1819:in northern Xinjiang. In
1699:People's Republic of China
1654:
1648:
1442:Christianity in Kyrgyzstan
1435:
1429:
887:
400:
6319:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
6284:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
6226:
6190:
6164:
5909:
5867:
5813:
5785:
5583:
5525:
5492:
5411:
5388:
5345:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
5218:
5172:
5127:
5096:
5025:
5016:
4967:
4939:
4889:
4800:
4793:
4570:West, Barbara A. (2009).
4442:10.1163/22105832-00702005
4321:21.11116/0000-0005-D82B-8
4311:10.1016/j.ara.2020.100177
4265:10.1163/22105018-12340089
4181:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2
3899:. Lippincott. p. 345
3048:Journal of Human Genetics
3027:". In Green, Nile (ed.).
2888:Journal of Human Genetics
2652:Theobald, Ulrich (2012).
2566:Golden, Peter B. (2017).
2503:. ABC-CLIO. p. 608.
1542:The Kyrgyz population of
1458:Kyrgyz are predominantly
1058:(compiled 109-91 BCE) as
1010:who moved westwards into
866:
652:
396:
353:
348:
329:
324:
317:
312:
294:
276:
258:
240:
222:
204:
186:
168:
150:
132:
114:
96:
91:
78:
73:
54:
29:
6213:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
5881:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
4050:
2742:
2737:
2075:
1953:
1742:Battle of Kashgar (1933)
1644:
1589:in the aftermath of the
1033:moving out of Mongolia.
581:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
579:before establishing the
5370:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
5026:Azerbaijani communities
4494:Oxford University Press
4405:Central Asiatic Journal
4130:Abramzon, S.M. (1971).
3588:Akiner, Shirin (1986).
2948:www.worldnomadgames.com
2696:Encyclopædia Britannica
1665:China's Kyrgyz people (
1569:The suppression of the
1272:, Xinjiang, Tian Shan,
1157:Second Turkic Khaganate
1113:ancestry in the tribe.
884:. or "Kirghiz-Kazaks".
617:, who – according to a
6304:Turkic peoples of Asia
6299:Ethnic groups in China
6203:Crimean Tatar diaspora
5380:Western Thracian Turks
5315:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
3505:10.1093/molbev/msac179
3131:10.1073/pnas.171305098
2654:"Xiajiasi 黠戛斯, Qirqiz"
2166:10.3167/np.2007.110103
1690:
1682:
1455:
1432:Religion in Kyrgyzstan
1414:
1362:
1261:
1249:), which lasted until
1121:
999:
643:
5910:Extinct Turkic groups
5868:Turkic minorities in
5815:Turkic minorities in
5786:Turkic minorities in
5584:Turkic minorities in
5062:Georgian Azerbaijanis
3840:Paul Clammer (2007).
3455:10.1038/ejhg.2010.153
3405:10.3390/genes11050564
3361:10.1093/molbev/msh238
1948:Culture of Kyrgyzstan
1943:History of Kyrgyzstan
1736:revolted in the 1932
1688:
1664:
1449:
1436:Further information:
1411:
1360:
1259:
1119:
997:
641:
349:Related ethnic groups
6274:Ethnic Kyrgyz people
6228:Central Asian (i.e.
6198:Azerbaijani diaspora
5535:Iranian Azerbaijanis
5173:Turkmen communities
5069:Western Azerbaijanis
5039:Iranian Azerbaijanis
4735:at Wikimedia Commons
4669:19 June 2010 at the
3548:on 23 November 2010.
2853:Советская этнография
2839:Lee & Kuang 2017
2827:Damgaard et al. 2018
2815:Uchiyama et al. 2020
2619:Rachel Lung (2011).
2577:: 16. Archived from
1895:Kyrgyz are the only
1870:) is related to the
1597:for resettlement in
1094:(Kirgut), and their
916:improve this article
828:Edwin G. Pulleyblank
642:Nomads in Kyrgyzstan
5219:Turkish communities
5085:Javanshir Qizilbash
4739:Kirghiz tribal tree
4534:10.1017/ehs.2020.11
4173:2018Natur.557..369D
3974:, pp. 173–191.
3760:. Eurasiareview.com
3122:2001PNAS...9810244W
2769:, pp. 216–218.
1988:"Atlas of Humanity"
1868:Fuyü Gïrgïs dialect
1719:traditional Chinese
1552:Badakhshan Province
1438:Islam in Kyrgyzstan
1361:Kyrgyz eagle hunter
1004:Turkic ethnic group
26:
5743:Siberian Bukharans
5545:Chaharmahali Turks
5526:Turkic minorities
5493:Turkic minorities
5412:Turkic minorities
5128:Kyrgyz communities
5097:Kazakh communities
4694:Kyrgyz Textile Art
4611:Soviet Ethnography
4419:(1 January 2017).
4374:10.1017/ehs.2020.4
4095:The News on Sunday
3873:guides.lib.unc.edu
3784:Tigerlilyfilms ltd
3737:. Mockandoneil.com
3705:The New York Times
3624:on 6 November 2010
3618:www.eurasianet.org
2944:"About the Kyrgyz"
2791:Nelson et al. 2020
2753:on 2 January 2016.
2298:countryeconomy.com
2083:on 1 November 2018
1891:Kyrgyz in Pakistan
1711:simplified Chinese
1691:
1683:
1657:Fuyu Kyrgyz people
1533:Outside Kyrgyzstan
1514:, the daughter of
1456:
1415:
1363:
1262:
1122:
1000:
644:
559:that lived in the
24:
6261:
6260:
6160:
6159:
6071:
6064:
6025:
5901:Tatars of Romania
5874:
5843:
5800:Mongolian Kazakhs
5771:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5478:
5444:
5355:Palestinian Turks
5350:Montenegrin Turks
5274:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5204:
5195:
5188:
5148:
5119:Mongolian Kazakhs
5087:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5055:
5048:
5041:
4976:
4975:
4958:Roman Catholicism
4935:
4934:
4731:Media related to
4684:978-0-472-11226-5
4581:978-0-8160-7109-8
4503:978-0-19-880462-8
4484:Robbeets, Martine
4476:Robbeets, Martine
4417:Robbeets, Martine
4401:Pulleyblank, E.G.
4340:978-1-84162-221-7
4234:978-80-254-6365-9
4011:978-1-135-20302-3
3958:978-0-521-25514-1
3931:978-1-134-25379-1
3867:Bolick, Hsi Chu.
3853:978-1-74059-642-8
3574:978-0-253-35385-6
3538:"Kyrgyz Republic"
3354:(12): 2265–2280.
3286:978-1-4613-6914-1
3168:978-0-941694-75-9
3001:, pp. 80–81.
2632:978-90-272-2444-6
2510:978-1-4408-6118-5
2482:978-1-135-79823-9
2454:978-0-8028-2415-8
2421:kyrgyzstan.un.org
2325:, pp. 23–24.
2274:. 25 October 2017
1921:Soviet-Afghan War
1915:. There are also
1738:Kirghiz rebellion
1231:Yekhe Mongol Ulus
1175:, especially the
1142:Early Middle Ages
1101:The 11th-century
1031:dominant minority
1016:equestrian nomads
1002:The Kyrgyz are a
992:
991:
984:
966:
605:("forty"), with -
544:. They speak the
409:
408:
6331:
6208:Turkish diaspora
6067:
6060:
6021:
5872:
5854:Karategin Uzbeks
5839:
5767:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5701:Astrakhan Tatars
5699:
5664:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5570:Iranian Turkmens
5502:Crimean Karaites
5474:
5440:
5340:Macedonian Turks
5305:Dodecanese Turks
5270:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5202:Iranian Turkmens
5200:
5191:
5184:
5144:
5083:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5023:
5022:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4980:
4979:
4798:
4797:
4781:
4780:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4746:
4745:
4730:
4716:
4616:
4606:
4585:
4561:
4556:
4546:
4536:
4507:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4454:
4444:
4412:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4344:
4325:
4323:
4313:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4238:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4192:
4145:
4117:
4116:
4115:. December 1988.
4105:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3814:. Archived from
3813:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3731:
3725:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3655:on 18 March 2017
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3620:. Archived from
3610:
3604:
3603:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3516:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3466:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3363:
3336:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3294:
3288:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3261:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3177:
3171:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3143:
3133:
3101:
3095:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2692:
2681:
2672:
2669:Pulleyblank 1990
2666:
2660:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2572:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2525:Pulleyblank 1990
2522:
2516:
2514:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2149:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2022:on 24 July 2011.
2018:. Archived from
2012:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1967:
1964:
1913:Gilgit-Baltistan
1879:Tibetan Buddhism
1761:Wushi (Uqturpan)
1724:
1716:
1695:56 ethnic groups
1587:fled to Pakistan
1394:mtDNA haplogroup
1150:Uyghur Khaganate
1140:. Later, in the
1128:valley, central
1103:New Book of Tang
1083:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
987:
980:
976:
973:
967:
965:
924:
900:
892:
869:
868:
715:
714:
681:
680:
655:
654:
577:Uyghur Khaganate
563:river valley in
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
460:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
404:
302:
300:
299:
284:
282:
281:
266:
264:
263:
248:
246:
245:
230:
228:
227:
212:
210:
209:
194:
192:
191:
176:
174:
173:
158:
156:
155:
140:
138:
137:
122:
120:
119:
104:
102:
101:
87:
81:
74:Total population
59:
49:
48:
47:
41:
35:
34:
27:
23:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6264:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6222:
6218:Kazakh diaspora
6186:
6156:
5905:
5871:
5869:
5863:
5825:Afghan Turkmens
5816:
5809:
5787:
5781:
5736:Siberian Tatars
5660:
5585:
5579:
5575:Iranian Kazakhs
5555:Khorasani Turks
5527:
5521:
5494:
5488:
5431:Chinese Kazakhs
5413:
5407:
5390:
5389:Turkic peoples
5384:
5285:Bulgarian Turks
5261:Abkhazian Turks
5214:
5186:Afghan Turkmens
5168:
5123:
5114:Iranian Kazakhs
5109:Chinese Kazakhs
5092:
5012:
5007:
4977:
4972:
4963:
4931:
4885:
4789:
4775:
4773:
4709:
4671:Wayback Machine
4636:Kyrgyz Republic
4614:
4604:
4592:
4590:Further reading
4582:
4504:
4465:
4463:
4341:
4278:
4276:
4235:
4211:
4209:
4165:Nature Research
4142:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3951:. CUP Archive.
3943:
3939:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3821:on 3 March 2016
3818:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3716:
3712:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3679:thediplomat.com
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3641:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3557:
3553:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3484:
3480:
3443:Eur J Hum Genet
3435:
3431:
3384:
3377:
3337:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3295:
3291:
3279:
3275:
3228:
3224:
3178:
3174:
3161:
3157:
3116:(18): 10244–9.
3102:
3098:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3040:
3036:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3005:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2758:
2744:
2739:
2730:
2726:
2708:
2704:
2690:"Kirghiz"
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2584:on 3 April 2022
2581:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2193:
2189:
2154:Nomadic Peoples
2150:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1938:Kyrgyz language
1929:
1917:Afghan refugees
1893:
1887:
1872:Khakas language
1852:Dzungar Khanate
1840:Yenisei Kirghiz
1795:(Monggolkure),
1732:The Kirghiz of
1659:
1653:
1651:Kyrgyz in China
1647:
1603:Wakhan Corridor
1591:Saur Revolution
1548:Wakhan District
1540:
1535:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1371:Haplogroup R1a1
1367:Jumgal District
1355:
1268:lived in South
1221:as a result of
1219:Sayan Mountains
1120:A Kyrgyz family
1008:Northeast China
988:
977:
971:
968:
931:"Kyrgyz people"
925:
923:
913:
901:
890:
851:History of Yuan
726:kirkut / kirgut
700:kirkur ~ kirgur
628:History of Yuan
589:
546:Kyrgyz language
495:
469:
465:
458:
432:
428:
397:
297:
295:
279:
277:
261:
259:
243:
241:
225:
223:
207:
205:
189:
187:
171:
169:
153:
151:
135:
133:
117:
115:
99:
97:
82:
69:
67:Barskoon valley
50:
43:
42:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6337:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6259:
6258:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6137:Yenisei Kyrgyz
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6065:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5886:Finnish Tatars
5883:
5877:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5507:Crimean Tatars
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5450:Chinese Uzbeks
5447:
5446:
5445:
5436:Chinese Kyrgyz
5433:
5428:
5426:Chinese Tatars
5423:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5394:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5375:Tunisian Turks
5372:
5367:
5362:
5360:Romanian Turks
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5330:Lebanese Turks
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5310:Egyptian Turks
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5290:Croatian Turks
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5266:Algerian Turks
5263:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5140:Chinese Kyrgyz
5137:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5065:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5049:
5029:
5027:
5020:
5014:
5013:
5010:Turkic peoples
5006:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4983:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4890:Smaller groups
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4804:
4802:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4772:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4736:
4724:
4708:
4707:External links
4705:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4646:Aado Lintrop,
4644:
4639:
4633:
4618:
4613:, 1970, No 4,
4607:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4580:
4567:
4508:
4502:
4472:
4413:
4397:
4345:
4339:
4326:
4285:
4239:
4233:
4218:
4146:
4140:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4100:
4081:
4069:
4041:
4029:
4027:, p. 441.
4017:
4010:
3990:
3976:
3964:
3957:
3937:
3930:
3910:
3885:
3859:
3852:
3832:
3796:
3771:
3748:
3726:
3724:. 12 June 2009
3710:
3691:
3666:
3635:
3605:
3598:
3580:
3573:
3551:
3529:
3499:(9): msac179.
3478:
3449:(2): 216–223.
3429:
3375:
3322:
3311:on 24 May 2013
3289:
3273:
3250:10.1086/342096
3222:
3199:10.1086/342096
3172:
3155:
3096:
3080:
3054:(3): 175–180.
3034:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2960:
2935:
2920:
2894:(3): 175–180.
2874:
2862:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2803:Li et al. 2020
2795:
2783:
2771:
2756:
2733:Vasily Bartold
2724:
2702:
2687:, ed. (1911).
2685:Chisholm, Hugh
2673:
2671:, p. 105.
2661:
2645:
2631:
2608:
2595:
2558:
2545:
2529:
2527:, p. 108.
2517:
2509:
2489:
2481:
2461:
2453:
2433:
2408:
2386:
2365:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2313:, p. 440.
2303:
2285:
2263:
2251:
2224:
2213:
2187:
2141:
2130:
2119:
2094:
2066:
2057:
2046:on 6 July 2014
2025:
2007:
1993:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1889:Main article:
1886:
1883:
1817:Gongliu County
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
1571:1916 rebellion
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1512:Bermet Akayeva
1489:Hudud al-'Alam
1480:Fergana Valley
1430:Main article:
1427:
1424:
1375:founder effect
1354:
1351:
1239:Turkic peoples
1200:Princess Taihe
1177:Tibetan Empire
1134:late antiquity
1038:Yenisei Kyrgyz
998:A Kyrgyz woman
990:
989:
904:
902:
895:
889:
886:
832:folk etymology
820:Emperor Wuzong
756:reconstructs *
740:tribal name 渾
588:
585:
557:Yenisei Kyrgyz
415:(also spelled
407:
406:
394:
393:
351:
350:
346:
345:
330:Predominantly
327:
326:
322:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
306:
292:
291:
288:
274:
273:
270:
256:
255:
252:
238:
237:
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220:
219:
216:
202:
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198:
184:
183:
180:
166:
165:
162:
148:
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144:
130:
129:
126:
112:
111:
108:
94:
93:
89:
88:
76:
75:
71:
70:
60:
52:
51:
30:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6336:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6309:Modern nomads
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6256:territories).
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
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6180:
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6145:
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6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6070:
6066:
6063:
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6057:
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6047:
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6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6024:
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6019:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5957:Black Klobuks
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5873:(exc. Russia)
5866:
5860:
5859:Afghan Kyrgyz
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5715:Mishar Tatars
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5663:
5659:
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5657:
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5652:
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5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5582:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:in Uzbekistan
5387:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5365:Serbian Turks
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Kosovan Turks
5323:
5321:
5320:Israeli Turks
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Cypriot Turks
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Bosnian Turks
5278:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5154:Afghan Kyrgyz
5152:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4794:Ethnic groups
4792:
4788:
4784:
4779:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4733:Kyrgyz people
4729:
4725:
4723:at Wiktionary
4722:
4721:
4720:kyrgyz people
4715:
4711:
4710:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4630:0-295-98262-4
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4462:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4349:Nelson, Sarah
4346:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4219:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4141:5-655-00518-2
4137:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4039:, p. 25.
4038:
4037:Mitchell 2012
4033:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4007:
4004:. Routledge.
4003:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3973:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3914:
3898:
3897:
3889:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3759:
3752:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3601:
3599:0-7103-0188-X
3595:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3347:Mol Biol Evol
3343:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3244:(3): 466–82.
3243:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3193:(3): 466–82.
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:Figure 7c in
3176:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3013:, p. 30.
3012:
3011:Abramzon 1971
3007:
3000:
2999:Abramzon 1971
2995:
2989:, p. 31.
2988:
2987:Abramzon 1971
2983:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2872:, p. 45.
2871:
2870:Abramzon 1971
2866:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2779:Robbeets 2020
2775:
2768:
2767:Robbeets 2017
2763:
2761:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2706:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2613:
2606:, 21(2): 302.
2605:
2599:
2580:
2576:
2575:Türkologiya 4
2569:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2539:
2536:Zuev, Yu.A.,
2533:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2375:
2369:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2337:, p. 24.
2336:
2335:Mitchell 2012
2331:
2324:
2323:Mitchell 2012
2319:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2273:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2123:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2070:
2061:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:Khakas people
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1799:(Dorbiljin),
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1775:), Yingisar,
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:Niujie Mosque
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
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1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
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1549:
1545:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:Hanafi school
1461:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:Mongol Empire
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:Western China
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Yenisey River
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:Tienshan area
1039:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
996:
986:
983:
975:
972:February 2024
964:
961:
957:
954:
950:
947:
943:
940:
936:
933: –
932:
928:
927:Find sources:
921:
917:
911:
910:
905:This section
903:
899:
894:
893:
885:
883:
879:
878:
873:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
847:Mongol Empire
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
649:
640:
636:
634:
630:
629:
624:
620:
619:founding myth
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
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549:
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539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
500:
499:
490:
463:
462:
453:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Kyrgyz people
403:
402:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:Baraba Tatars
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
344:
341:
337:
333:
328:
323:
320:
316:
311:
307:
305:
304:United States
293:
289:
287:
275:
271:
269:
257:
253:
251:
239:
235:
233:
221:
217:
215:
203:
199:
197:
185:
181:
179:
167:
163:
161:
149:
145:
143:
131:
127:
125:
113:
109:
107:
95:
90:
86:
77:
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
40:
28:
25:Kyrgyz people
19:
6314:Pastoralists
5896:Lipka Tatars
5769:Tozhu Tuvans
5729:Volga Tatars
5442:Akto Turkmen
5335:Libyan Turks
5295:Cretan Turks
5210:Akto Turkmen
5159:Tajik Kyrgyz
5146:Akto Turkmen
5134:
5033:Azerbaijanis
4954:Christianity
4874:Azerbaijanis
4807:
4801:Major groups
4783:Demographics
4719:
4699:
4662:
4635:
4621:
4615:(in Russian)
4610:
4605:(in Russian)
4600:
4596:
4571:
4520:
4516:
4488:
4464:. Retrieved
4428:
4424:
4408:
4404:
4360:
4356:
4330:
4297:
4293:
4277:. Retrieved
4251:
4247:
4223:
4210:. Retrieved
4190:1887/3202709
4160:
4154:
4131:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4084:
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4058:(in Chinese)
4056:China.com.cn
4055:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4000:
3993:
3979:
3967:
3947:
3940:
3920:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3895:
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3872:
3862:
3842:
3835:
3825:27 September
3823:. Retrieved
3816:the original
3806:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3783:
3774:
3764:27 September
3762:. Retrieved
3751:
3741:27 September
3739:. Retrieved
3729:
3713:
3704:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:
3669:
3657:. Retrieved
3653:the original
3648:
3638:
3626:. Retrieved
3622:the original
3617:
3608:
3589:
3583:
3564:
3554:
3546:the original
3541:
3532:
3496:
3492:
3481:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3395:
3391:
3351:
3345:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:the original
3304:
3299:
3292:
3276:
3241:
3235:
3225:
3190:
3186:
3175:
3158:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3051:
3047:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2947:
2938:
2929:
2923:
2911:. Retrieved
2891:
2887:
2877:
2865:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2751:the original
2746:
2727:
2712:
2705:
2694:
2664:
2657:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2621:
2603:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2579:the original
2574:
2561:
2553:
2552:Zuev Yu.A.,
2548:
2542:(in Russian)
2537:
2532:
2520:
2499:
2492:
2471:
2464:
2443:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2266:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:
2190:
2160:(1): 39–48.
2157:
2153:
2133:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:the original
2069:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2041:the original
2028:
2020:the original
2010:
1996:
1982:
1962:
1894:
1876:
1864:Heilongjiang
1856:Qing dynasty
1833:
1825:Akto Turkmen
1750:
1731:
1727:
1707:Kē'ěrkèzī zú
1706:
1692:
1639:Little Pamir
1630:
1627:Van Province
1568:
1561:
1555:
1541:
1524:
1516:Askar Akayev
1502:
1494:
1487:
1457:
1454:, Kyrgyzstan
1450:A mosque in
1420:
1416:
1403:haplogroup D
1391:
1383:haplogroup N
1379:haplogroup R
1364:
1347:Genghis Khan
1343:
1338:
1336:
1293:
1265:
1263:
1230:
1208:
1192:Tang dynasty
1181:
1154:
1138:Tiele people
1123:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1075:
1059:
1053:
1035:
1020:Central Asia
1001:
978:
969:
959:
952:
945:
938:
926:
914:Please help
909:verification
906:
881:
877:Kara-Kirghiz
875:
861:
859:
854:
850:
842:
838:
823:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:-q(X)r/ğ(X)r
776:
772:
765:
761:
757:
754:Peter Golden
749:
741:
725:
724:) suggests *
721:
707:
703:
699:
695:
687:
673:
669:
661:
647:
645:
635:motherland.
626:
610:
606:
602:
595:
590:
569:Tiele people
550:
510:Central Asia
506:ethnic group
424:
420:
416:
412:
410:
399:
375:Sart Kalmyks
84:
21:Ethnic group
18:
6117:Toquz Oghuz
6056:Oghuz Turks
6023:Sir-Kıvchak
5817:Afghanistan
5560:Qarai Turks
5476:Tor Uyghurs
5455:Fuyu Kyrgyz
5403:Karakalpaks
5272:Kouloughlis
5076:Karapapakhs
4435:: 210–251.
4258:: 197–239.
4167:: 369–373.
4062:18 February
3338:Table 2 in
2358:18 December
2244:28 February
2112:30 December
2087:3 September
2076:新疆维吾尔自治区统计局
1933:Chala Kazak
1860:Fuyu County
1836:Fuyu Kyrgyz
1821:Akto County
1611:Kenan Evren
1544:Afghanistan
1538:Afghanistan
1468:Sunni Islam
1278:Middle Asia
1087:Tang Huiyao
781:k(X)z/g(X)z
666:Old Chinese
600:Turkic word
530:Afghanistan
379:Fuyu Kyrgyz
363:Altai-Kizhi
250:Afghanistan
110:4.9 million
85:5–6 million
6268:Categories
5164:Van Kyrgyz
5046:Shahsevans
4912:Pakistanis
4862:Ukrainians
4787:Kyrgyzstan
4304:: 100177.
4300:(100177).
4248:Inner Asia
3398:(5): 564.
3090:, p.
2278:26 January
2206:15 January
1974:References
1787:), and in
1744:and again
1655:See also:
1290:Kazakhstan
1288:), and in
1274:Pamir-Alay
1028:East Asian
942:newspapers
770:Old Turkic
575:, and the
542:Kazakhstan
538:Tajikistan
518:Uzbekistan
514:Kyrgyzstan
508:native to
367:Tom Tatars
343:syncretism
196:Kazakhstan
178:Tajikistan
124:Uzbekistan
106:Kyrgyzstan
6191:Diasporas
6132:Xueyantuo
6122:Uriankhai
6069:Pechenegs
6062:Turkomans
6036:Kutrigurs
5708:Kryashens
5670:Kumandins
5651:Karachays
5631:Besermyan
5606:Telengits
5512:Krymchaks
5495:in Crimea
5460:Ili Turks
5053:Küresünni
4922:Romanians
4897:Armenians
4461:2210-5832
4274:2210-5018
4025:West 2009
2714:Dzungaria
2588:29 August
2311:West 2009
2236:"Wak.p65"
2182:161724357
1848:Dzungaria
1777:Taxkorgan
1675:Dongxiang
1508:Shamanism
1482:with the
1476:Silk Road
1320:Issedones
1312:Scythians
1303:Tien Shan
1211:Tian Shan
1202:from the
1165:Tian Shan
1050:Sima Qian
1024:Turkified
811:(契骨), or
730:Yury Zuev
587:Etymology
359:Telengits
334:Minority
313:Languages
46:قىرغىزدار
39:qyrğyzdar
33:кыргыздар
6242:Turkmens
6230:Turkmeni
6087:Saragurs
6031:Kurykans
6017:Kipchaks
6002:Keraites
5987:Göktürks
5977:Dughlats
5967:Dingling
5937:Berendei
5788:Mongolia
5758:Tofalars
5722:Nağaybäk
5626:Bashkirs
5613:Tubalars
5599:Chelkans
5593:Altaians
5414:in China
5246:Tahtacıs
5239:Muhacirs
5180:Turkmens
4941:Religion
4820:Russians
4678:, 2001.
4667:Archived
4553:37588381
4544:10427466
4478:(2020).
4393:37588355
4384:10427276
4302:Elsevier
4212:11 April
4207:13670282
4199:29743675
4163:(7705).
3878:18 March
3789:18 March
3684:24 March
3659:18 March
3628:3 August
3523:36006373
3473:20823912
3424:32443545
3370:15317881
3268:12145751
3217:12145751
3150:11526236
3073:16 March
3068:34531527
2976:(2): 74.
2913:16 March
2908:34531527
2859:: 16–26.
2735:(1963).
2401:31 March
2395:"Kyrgyz"
2379:31 March
2374:"Kyrgyz"
2174:43123791
2050:14 April
1927:See also
1885:Pakistan
1757:Xinjiang
1734:Xinjiang
1677:and the
1619:Ulupamir
1615:Lake Van
1595:Peshawar
1573:against
1527:totemism
1426:Religion
1353:Genetics
1324:Dingling
1286:Bashkirs
1247:Dzungars
1196:Li Guang
1169:Xinjiang
1148:and the
1146:Göktürks
1111:Saqaliba
1046:Mongolia
1012:Mongolia
824:Xiajiasi
722:kέt-kwət
702:and/or *
688:ken-kuən
670:krêk-kûn
662:kek-kuən
593:ethnonym
573:Göktürks
553:Mongolia
526:Pakistan
501:) are a
336:Tengrist
325:Religion
214:Pakistan
63:falconer
6254:Ottoman
6238:Iranian
6234:Afghani
6182:Mughals
6177:Hazaras
6127:Utigurs
6102:Türgesh
6077:Onogurs
6051:Nushibi
6046:Naimans
6007:Khazars
5997:Karluks
5952:Chigils
5947:Bulgars
5932:Barsils
5870:Europe
5849:Ansarlu
5795:Khotons
5753:Teleuts
5646:Dolgans
5641:Chuvash
5636:Chulyms
5621:Balkars
5565:Qashqai
5550:Khalajs
5528:in Iran
5470:Uyghurs
5193:Ansarlu
5104:Kazakhs
5018:Peoples
4902:Chinese
4880:Germans
4868:Koreans
4856:Kazakhs
4832:Uyghurs
4826:Dungans
4816:(14.3%)
4810:(71.0%)
4527:: e16.
4466:20 June
4279:20 June
4169:Bibcode
4124:Sources
3722:Reuters
3514:9469894
3464:3025785
3415:7290686
3118:Bibcode
2638:15 June
1907:or the
1905:Pashtun
1901:Chitral
1850:by the
1809:Jinghev
1805:Bortala
1773:Yarkand
1746:in 1934
1575:Russian
1550:in the
1520:mosques
1504:Atheism
1462:of the
1460:Muslims
1398:mtDNA H
1328:Mongols
1299:Yenisei
1284:(among
1270:Siberia
1204:Uyghurs
1188:Li Ling
1184:khagans
1161:Jeti-su
1130:Siberia
1107:Gardizi
1076:Jiankun
956:scholar
888:Origins
882:Kaisaks
872:Kazakhs
867:киргизы
862:Kirghiz
803:(紇戛斯),
801:Hejiasi
799:(紇扢斯),
736:' (cf.
696:kên-kûn
674:Jiankun
623:Khitans
565:Siberia
561:Yenisey
425:Kirghiz
417:Kyrghyz
355:Teleuts
340:Islamic
268:Ukraine
164:137,780
146:202,500
128:450,000
83:
65:in the
61:Kyrgyz
6250:Syrian
6172:Abdals
6165:Others
6152:Yabaku
6142:Yueban
6092:Shatuo
6082:Sabirs
6041:Merkit
5992:Kangly
5982:Esegel
5962:Cumans
5942:Bulaqs
5927:Basmyl
5891:Gagauz
5841:Timuri
5835:Aimaqs
5830:Afshar
5777:Yakuts
5763:Tuvans
5695:Tatars
5690:Soyots
5680:Nogais
5675:Kumyks
5662:Koibal
5656:Khakas
5586:Russia
5540:Afshar
5484:Yugurs
5398:Uzbeks
5253:Yörüks
5135:Kyrgyz
4907:Greeks
4882:(0.2%)
4876:(0.3%)
4870:(0.3%)
4864:(0.4%)
4858:(0.6%)
4852:(0.6%)
4850:Tatars
4846:(0.7%)
4840:(0.9%)
4838:Tajiks
4834:(0.9%)
4828:(1.1%)
4822:(7.8%)
4814:Uzbeks
4808:Kyrgyz
4682:
4628:
4601:Kyrgyz
4597:Khakas
4578:
4551:
4541:
4500:
4459:
4391:
4381:
4367:: e5.
4363:(e5).
4337:
4272:
4231:
4205:
4197:
4156:Nature
4138:
4008:
3955:
3928:
3903:29 May
3850:
3596:
3571:
3521:
3511:
3471:
3461:
3422:
3412:
3368:
3315:24 May
3284:
3266:
3259:419996
3256:
3215:
3208:419996
3205:
3166:
3148:
3138:
3066:
2953:17 May
2906:
2629:
2507:
2479:
2451:
2426:17 May
2180:
2172:
1897:Turkic
1829:Uyghur
1823:, the
1815:) and
1793:Zhaosu
1781:Pishan
1769:Shache
1721::
1713::
1607:Turkey
1599:Alaska
1583:Wakhan
1484:Uzbeks
1452:Tokmok
1339:Bulute
1330:, and
1294:Kyrgyz
1266:Kirgiz
1243:Oirats
1223:Mongol
1026:by an
958:
951:
944:
937:
929:
855:Kyrgyz
843:qizqil
836:Turkic
807:(護骨),
797:Hegusi
795:(紇骨),
791:(結骨),
787:(紇骨),
766:Qïrqïŕ
764:< *
762:Qïrqïz
760:< *
758:Qïrğïz
704:kirkün
672:) and
633:steppe
611:Kyrgyz
596:Kyrgyz
571:, the
540:, and
534:Russia
503:Turkic
423:, and
421:Kirgiz
391:Uyghur
383:Kazakh
319:Kyrgyz
301:
286:Canada
283:
265:
247:
232:Turkey
229:
211:
200:38,606
193:
182:65,000
175:
160:Russia
157:
139:
121:
103:
6246:Iraqi
6147:Yagma
6112:Torks
6107:Tuhsi
6097:Tiele
6012:Kimek
5972:Duolu
5805:Dukha
5685:Shors
5517:Urums
5465:Salar
5232:Gajal
5226:Turks
4949:Islam
4927:Lyuli
4917:Poles
4844:Turks
4482:. In
4433:Brill
4431:(2).
4256:Brill
4254:(2).
4203:S2CID
4051:柯尔克孜族
3819:(PDF)
3812:(PDF)
3649:WLUML
3392:Genes
3303:[
3141:56946
2745:[
2721:–273.
2582:(PDF)
2571:(PDF)
2397:. OED
2239:(PDF)
2178:S2CID
2170:JSTOR
2044:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
1954:Notes
1789:Tekes
1723:柯爾克孜族
1715:柯尔克孜族
1703:China
1667:柯尔克孜族
1645:China
1623:Erciş
1579:China
1563:tekin
1472:Islam
1387:Pamir
1316:Wusun
1308:Sakas
1282:Urals
1235:Jochi
1215:Altai
1132:. In
1096:tamga
1092:Jiegu
1074:) or
1060:Gekun
963:JSTOR
949:books
839:qïzïl
789:Jiegu
744:<
738:Tiele
708:Jiegu
690:<
664:<
648:Gekun
615:Manas
522:China
387:Uzbek
332:Islam
308:6,607
290:1,055
272:1,128
254:1,130
236:4,000
218:2,000
142:China
6248:and
6236:and
5917:Alat
5421:Äynu
4680:ISBN
4626:ISBN
4599:and
4576:ISBN
4549:PMID
4498:ISBN
4468:2020
4457:ISSN
4389:PMID
4335:ISBN
4281:2020
4270:ISSN
4229:ISBN
4214:2020
4195:PMID
4136:ISBN
4064:2007
4006:ISBN
3953:ISBN
3926:ISBN
3905:2011
3880:2017
3848:ISBN
3827:2012
3791:2017
3766:2012
3743:2012
3686:2024
3661:2017
3630:2007
3594:ISBN
3569:ISBN
3519:PMID
3469:PMID
3420:PMID
3366:PMID
3317:2013
3282:ISBN
3264:PMID
3213:PMID
3164:ISBN
3146:PMID
3075:2024
3064:PMID
2955:2024
2915:2024
2904:PMID
2656:for
2640:2012
2627:ISBN
2590:2020
2505:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2428:2024
2403:2024
2381:2024
2360:2019
2280:2022
2246:2013
2208:2023
2114:2022
2089:2017
2052:2014
1813:Jing
1801:Bole
1797:Emin
1785:Guma
1779:and
1765:Aksu
1557:khan
1498:Hajj
1440:and
1369:are
1332:Huns
1301:and
1251:1757
1217:and
1182:The
1167:and
1036:The
935:news
817:Tang
813:Juwu
809:Qigu
805:Hugu
793:Hegu
785:Gegu
750:ɣuən
734:Huns
603:kyrk
528:and
498:-giz
461:-giz
459:KEER
411:The
4785:of
4539:PMC
4529:doi
4447:hdl
4437:doi
4379:PMC
4369:doi
4316:hdl
4306:doi
4260:doi
4185:hdl
4177:doi
4161:557
3509:PMC
3501:doi
3459:PMC
3451:doi
3410:PMC
3400:doi
3356:doi
3254:PMC
3246:doi
3203:PMC
3195:doi
3136:PMC
3126:doi
3092:132
3056:doi
2896:doi
2719:271
2162:doi
1909:Kho
1807:),
1725:).
1679:Kam
1625:in
1560:or
1466:of
1389:).
1052:'s
918:by
773:qır
752:).
742:Hún
720:: *
718:EMC
694:: *
668:: *
496:KUR
477:ɜːr
464:or
440:ɪər
6270::
6240:)
6232:,
5922:Az
4547:.
4537:.
4523:.
4519:.
4515:.
4496:.
4492:.
4455:.
4445:.
4427:.
4423:.
4409:34
4407:.
4387:.
4377:.
4359:.
4355:.
4314:.
4298:22
4296:.
4292:.
4268:.
4252:19
4250:.
4246:.
4201:.
4193:.
4183:.
4175:.
4159:.
4153:.
4111:.
4093:.
4054:.
3871:.
3782:.
3720:.
3703:.
3677:.
3647:.
3616:.
3563:.
3540:.
3517:.
3507:.
3497:39
3495:.
3491:.
3467:.
3457:.
3447:19
3445:.
3441:.
3418:.
3408:.
3396:11
3394:.
3390:.
3378:^
3364:.
3352:21
3350:.
3344:.
3325:^
3262:.
3252:.
3242:71
3240:.
3234:.
3211:.
3201:.
3191:71
3189:.
3185:.
3144:.
3134:.
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