748:
724:
661:. In an interview on German radio Husler talks about the special atmosphere which existed at the opera house during this period. He mentions some of the singers who were engaged at the time: "Jarmilla Novotna, who later went to New York to the Metropolitan Opera. Or Kaethe Haidersbach. She became very famous as Evchen in "Meistersinger" in Bayreuth. Or Maria Schult-Stormburg and Moie Vorbach, two very distinct personalities. They went to the other house Unter den Linden later. And a very impressive personality: Iso Golland, the Russian. He returned to Russia and has become a highly respected pedagogue." He describes the generosity which existed among the singers: "Their comradeship was extraordinary. No intrigues would arise. I remember that before rehearsals for a performance of "
563:
406:. After a construction period of only ten months, Kroll's enterprise opened on 15 February 1844. Forty waiters were to serve up to five thousand guests in the three halls (the main hall, also referred to as the King's Hall, and two smaller halls), thirteen boxes for at least thirteen people each, and fourteen large rooms (for smaller parties). Sixty musicians provided entertainment. The "Tunnel" was a special attraction and praised as a novelty for Berlin – a hall where one could smoke! A technical innovation was the newly implemented gas lighting, which "consisted of 400 flames".
170:
365:
452:
665:" three "Brides" were sitting in my room. Novotna, Haidersbach and Zaezilie Reich. I remember them discussing, absolutely unselfishly, who of them should sing. Haidersbach said Novotna was the original Czech. Novotna said that Haidersbach had the more suitable lyric voice, whereas she herself was a coloratura soprano. And Reich then put forward an argument (and against herself) the benefit of the whole group. Where could you find such a thing?"
25:
391:. It had long degenerated into a sandy field, and the Berliners therefore derisively called it the "Sahara". Every step on the sandy ground would kick up a cloud of dust on the square. When it rained, the soil would turn into a mass of dirty mud. Yet Kroll took solace in the fact that the greenery of the Tiergarten park lay just beyond the property.
475:
for one of his first guest appearances in Berlin. In 1862 however, "Kroll" was again forced into auction, which enabled Jakob Engel to buy it back. Although the company was still weighed down by debt, Engel was beaming with optimism, and attempted to bring the
Berliners back into his establishment in
774:
The last session of the
Reichstag was held in the Kroll Opera House on 26 April 1942, passing a decree proclaiming Hitler "Supreme Judge of the German People", allowing him to override the judiciary and administration in all matters. In those last days the building once again was the site of several
504:
system" of electric lighting. Two years later, Engel was also able to secure a contract extension for another forty years, but he ran out of time to implement his plans. He died unexpectedly from a stroke on 28 June 1888. His son tried to continue his work, but the "lack of interest from the Berlin
499:
diet about whether to tear down the Kroll establishment and build a new parliamentary building in its place. Only in 1876 did these proposals, which were so detrimental to any future investments, get tossed out, so that Jakob Engel was able to proceed with the modernization and improvement of his
770:
for Hitler, included the demolition of the Kroll Opera House and its replacement by a sumptuous "Führer's Palace", which would have stood on the western side of a "Großer Platz" with an area of around 350,000 m (3,800,000 sq ft). The outbreak of war and
Germany's eventual defeat
459:
The operation of the new
Theatre and Opera Company was suddenly disrupted on 1 February 1851, when the curtains were accidentally set on fire while lamps were being lit. But Auguste Kroll didn't let that stop her; she encashed the fire insurance sum and on 24 February 1852, the theatre already
386:
park, and laid out the conditions: Kroll was able to use the property without charge, but he would have to return the land and demolish any structures he had built if the project failed. The parade ground, which had stood since 1730, was outside of the city just to the north west of the
423:
Joseph Kroll's successor was his eldest daughter, Auguste. The "National People's Garden" was opened as soon as May 1848 as part of an expansion. Great attractions were offered first in the garden and later in the great hall, such as performances with wild animals by their
414:
and his orchestra, who guested at Kroll's in 1845. Yet despite its uniqueness in
Germany, as noted by the critics, the enterprise became increasingly difficult to sustain. On 15 April 1848, on his deathbed, Kroll regretted that his King had once had breakfast with him."
743:"If international finance Jewry in and outside Europe should again succeed in plunging the nations into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe."
700:, the Krolloper became the seat of the Reichstag. It was chosen both because of its convenient location and for its seating capacity. On 23 March 1933, the majority of the Reichstag delegates in the Kroll Opera House disempowered themselves passing the
358:
when he visited the city in 1841. The King was impressed by the splendid, flower-decorated rooms and suggested that something similar should be initiated in Berlin to become the social hub for the nobility in the
Prussian residence.
460:
reopened in a completely new building. About a year later, Auguste married her capellmeister, the
Hungarian violinist, conductor and businessman Jakob Engel. They successfully expanded the "Kroll Opera Pool" and brought many new
586:. Nevertheless it appeared that the Volksbühne company also had overextended itself and the completion of the refurbishment had to be secured by public funds. On 1 January 1924 the building was re-opened again as the
409:
During the first year Kroll had satisfactory results. The main attractions were the large exhibitions, concerts and balls, which took place around lavishly constructed stage sets, attracting even the "Waltz King"
677:
realize that the administration could not afford the funding of three opera houses in Berlin. Despite
Klemperer's protests, the Krolloper was finally closed on 3 July 1931 with the last performance of Mozart's
668:
Klemperer's performances and their modern mise-en-scène were ahead of their time and raised the opposition by conservative circles. In the highly charged political atmosphere during the late days of the
902:
483:
Engel's attempts to sell failed because of the
Prussian tax authority and the heavy mortgage that weighed down the business. In addition, the former parade ground had been refurbished and named
428:
and an extensive trade fair in 1849. In 1850 Auguste Kroll established a permanent summer theatre with open-air performances of operas and other events. Here, among others, Auguste's protégé
476:
droves with a diverse program – albeit only with moderate success. The situation worsened in 1869, when the implementation of economic freedom in
Prussia led to a boom of newly established
382:
and other members of the government, the king presented an order from the cabinet dated 19 August 1842, which specified the building site on the west side of the parade ground in the
793:
However, already in mid-1945 a restaurant re-opened in the gardens of Kroll's establishment, keeping up business even after the remains of the building were demolished in 1951. The
350:, where the entrepreneur Joseph Kroll (1797–1848) had opened the "Kroll Winter Garden" in 1837. The Breslau authorities chose this reputable establishment to entertain the new
317:. It was built in 1844 as an entertainment venue for the restaurant owner Joseph Kroll, and redeveloped as an opera house in 1851. It also served as the assembly hall of the
487:("King's Square") by 18 December 1864, the gardens were redone, and later plans were made for a series of monuments to honour the Prussian victories from 1864-71. After the
658:
922:
468:. But the couple could not prevent the business from closing its doors on 1 April 1855. Despite all efforts, the earnings were far beneath the costs of operation.
555:'s attitudes, plans for a new luxuriant opera hall at the site of the Krolloper were developed and demolition had already started in 1914, when the outbreak of
897:
927:
862:
731:
The main hall of the Krolloper was used for sittings of the Reichstag from 1933 to 1942. It was here on 30 January 1939, the sixth anniversary of the
123:
907:
732:
747:
471:
One of the creditors, the entrepreneur Heinrich Bergmann, took over the insolvent operation and brought in well known musicians including
717:
495:
was solemnly unveiled in the middle of the square on 2 September 1873, while at the same time a long discussion took place at the German
842:"Professor Frederick Husler was a leading vocal pedagogue in Germany, and later in Switzerland, from about 1910 until his death in 1969"
912:
625:
723:
917:
797:
inn finally closed in 1956 and one year later the last premises were cleared. Today the site serves as a large lawn south of the
89:
61:
697:
68:
713:
42:
828:
322:
108:
596:
882:
75:
783:
attack on 22 November 1943. It was further damaged in the last days of World War II in Europe when forces of the
607:
In 1927 the Kroll Opera was again detached from the Staatsoper Unter den Linden as a separate opera company with
398:, which was a good indicator of the significance that the project had for Frederick William IV, co-working with
46:
57:
787:
887:
799:
522:
305:
200:
500:
establishment. In 1885 – the first time in Berlin – the old gas lighting was therefore replaced by the "
892:
709:
552:
496:
877:
395:
318:
275:
562:
763:
642:
630:
399:
35:
727:
Hitler declares war on the United States in front of the Reichstag delegates on 11 December 1941
680:
82:
657:
as stage designers. The entire singing cast was placed in the hands of the singing pedagogue,
571:
492:
379:
742:
701:
355:
383:
8:
488:
300:
634:
780:
662:
654:
444:
411:
351:
314:
824:
472:
434:
696:
on 27 February 1933 severely damaged the Reichstag building opposite it. After the
403:
388:
343:
326:
779:
had been damaged by air raids. However, the Krolloper itself was devastated by a
670:
650:
526:
505:
public" for the Kroll stage's artistic presentation forced him to sell in 1894."
477:
429:
288:
673:, public pressure made the general administrator of the Prussian state theatres
574:
were unable to finance the reconstruction, which was finally carried out by the
752:
693:
619:
608:
583:
543:
465:
169:
871:
674:
591:
534:
530:
138:
125:
575:
767:
705:
638:
720:
the National Socialists and their nonparty satellites occupied all seats.
364:
556:
461:
425:
372:, Krolloper on the left, projected site of the new Reichstag on the right
617:. During Klemperer's term the house saw world premières as Hindemith's
451:
841:
611:
as its resident conductor, re-opened on 19 November with Beethoven's
24:
784:
708:
virtually unlimited authority. At this time the elected MPs of the
687:
646:
538:
517:
royal theatre company and Kroll's establishment was rebuilt as the
613:
347:
220:
903:
Buildings and structures in Berlin destroyed during World War II
501:
296:
210:
513:
Shortly afterwards the building was acquired by the Prussian
394:
The plans for the new building came from the court architect
418:
755:
604:
in 1926. To Berliners it remained known as the Krolloper.
803:, and has been marked with a memorial plaque since 2007.
692:
The building stood empty for nearly two years, until the
823:, Landesarchiv Berlin, KalekreuthstraBe 1-2, Berlin 30,
533:
were performed here, but also popular concerts given by
775:
performances of the Berlin State Opera after the house
464:
to the stage, but also enacted lengthy music dramas by
455:
Poster in celebration of the 25 years jubilee, 1869
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
590:, the second home of the Berlin State Opera, with
521:, a second state opera house (the other being the
629:in 1930. He worked with renowned conductors like
869:
688:1933–1951: Seat of the Reichstag and destruction
923:1851 establishments in the German Confederation
378:After a consultation with his garden director,
771:prevented any of this from being implemented.
716:were already in hiding or arrested. After the
898:Demolished buildings and structures in Berlin
863:Kroll State Opera at zeitgenoessische-oper.de
578:theatre company according to the plans of a
928:Buildings and structures demolished in 1951
321:from 1933 to 1942. Severely damaged by the
626:Begleitungsmusik zu einer Lichtspielscene
600:. With the square, the house was renamed
508:
419:1848–1894: Between success and bankruptcy
337:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
746:
722:
561:
450:
363:
698:German federal election on 5 March 1933
908:Commercial buildings completed in 1844
870:
819:Reichhardt Hans J., (October 1988).
570:After the war the authorities of the
16:Former opera house in Berlin, Germany
303:district on the western edge of the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
13:
14:
939:
913:1951 disestablishments in Germany
856:
751:Ruins of the Kroll Opera with an
525:). Works by young composers like
323:bombing of Berlin in World War II
174:The Kroll Opera House, about 1850
602:Staatsoper am Platz der Republik
440:Der Waffenschmied (The Armourer)
168:
23:
758:gun in the foreground, May 1945
582:("People's Opera") designed by
34:needs additional citations for
918:Music venues completed in 1851
834:
813:
737:(the appointment of Hitler as
597:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
519:Neues Königliches Operntheater
1:
806:
342:The Kroll story began in the
329:, it was demolished in 1951.
718:election on 12 November 1933
547:. As the decent opera house
7:
551:did not match with Emperor
523:Staatsoper Unter den Linden
10:
944:
659:Professor Frederick Husler
559:halted construction work.
332:
271:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
216:
206:
196:
188:
183:
179:
167:
160:
155:
623:in 1929 and Schönberg's
396:Friedrich Ludwig Persius
276:Friedrich Ludwig Persius
883:Opera houses in Germany
821:Bei Kroll 1844 BIS 1957
764:Welthauptstadt Germania
762:The grandiose plans of
741:), that Hitler warned:
631:Alexander von Zemlinsky
400:Carl Ferdinand Langhans
267:Design and construction
759:
728:
681:The Marriage of Figaro
567:
515:Königliche Schauspiele
509:1895–1931: State opera
456:
373:
338:1842–1848: Early years
299:, Germany, was in the
292:
788:stormed the Reichstag
750:
726:
572:Free State of Prussia
565:
454:
367:
293:Krolloper, Kroll-Oper
139:52.51861°N 13.37056°E
594:conducting Wagner's
432:directed his operas
356:Frederick William IV
227:Construction started
43:improve this article
663:Die Verkaufte Braut
633:and directors like
588:Oper am Königsplatz
566:Opera house in 1930
489:Franco-Prussian War
184:General information
135: /
58:"Kroll Opera House"
888:Theatres in Berlin
781:RAF Bomber Command
760:
729:
655:Giorgio de Chirico
643:László Moholy-Nagy
568:
457:
445:Zar und Zimmermann
412:Johann Strauss Jr.
380:Peter Joseph Lenné
374:
315:Reichstag building
311:Platz der Republik
144:52.51861; 13.37056
893:History of Berlin
480:all over Berlin.
473:Jacques Offenbach
384:Großer Tiergarten
285:Kroll Opera House
281:
280:
156:Kroll Opera House
119:
118:
111:
93:
935:
850:
849:
846:www.cursa-ur.com
838:
832:
817:
800:Bundeskanzleramt
777:Unter den Linden
714:Social Democrats
635:Gustaf Gründgens
549:Unter den Linden
404:Eduard Knoblauch
389:Brandenburg Gate
368:1879 map of the
327:Battle of Berlin
254:22 November 1943
246:15 February 1844
172:
153:
152:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
943:
942:
938:
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
878:Music in Berlin
868:
867:
859:
854:
853:
840:
839:
835:
818:
814:
809:
734:Machtergreifung
710:Communist Party
690:
671:Weimar Republic
651:Oskar Schlemmer
527:Igor Stravinsky
511:
478:amusement parks
430:Albert Lortzing
421:
376:
375:
340:
335:
175:
163:
143:
141:
137:
134:
129:
126:
124:
122:
121:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
941:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
866:
865:
858:
857:External links
855:
852:
851:
833:
811:
810:
808:
805:
766:, prepared by
694:Reichstag fire
689:
686:
620:Neues vom Tage
609:Otto Klemperer
584:Oskar Kaufmann
544:Die Fledermaus
510:
507:
493:Victory Column
466:Richard Wagner
420:
417:
362:
361:
339:
336:
334:
331:
313:), facing the
309:square (today
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
165:
164:
161:
158:
157:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
940:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
864:
861:
860:
847:
843:
837:
831:. Page ?
830:
829:3-88747-048-6
826:
822:
816:
812:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
789:
786:
782:
778:
772:
769:
765:
757:
754:
749:
745:
744:
740:
739:Reichskanzler
736:
735:
725:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
685:
683:
682:
676:
675:Heinz Tietjen
672:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:, as well as
636:
632:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
615:
610:
605:
603:
599:
598:
593:
592:Erich Kleiber
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
535:Enrico Caruso
532:
531:Gustav Mahler
528:
524:
520:
516:
506:
503:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
474:
469:
467:
463:
453:
449:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
431:
427:
416:
413:
407:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
385:
381:
371:
366:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
171:
166:
159:
154:
151:
148:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
845:
836:
820:
815:
798:
795:Kroll-Garten
794:
792:
776:
773:
768:Albert Speer
761:
738:
733:
730:
712:and several
706:Adolf Hitler
702:Enabling Act
691:
679:
667:
639:Caspar Neher
624:
618:
612:
606:
601:
595:
587:
579:
569:
548:
542:
518:
514:
512:
484:
482:
470:
462:comic operas
458:
443:
439:
433:
422:
408:
393:
377:
369:
341:
310:
304:
284:
282:
272:Architect(s)
207:Town or city
120:
105:
99:January 2021
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
557:World War I
485:Königsplatz
370:Königsplatz
306:Königsplatz
201:Königsplatz
142: /
872:Categories
807:References
704:that gave
576:Volksbühne
301:Tiergarten
259:Demolished
230:April 1843
192:Demolished
130:13°22′14″E
127:52°31′07″N
69:newspapers
580:Volksoper
539:operettas
497:Reichstag
319:Reichstag
235:Completed
162:Krolloper
785:Red Army
647:Teo Otto
352:Prussian
346:capital
344:Silesian
325:and the
197:Location
614:Fidelio
553:Wilhelm
348:Breslau
333:History
221:Germany
217:Country
83:scholar
827:
790:ruin.
502:Edison
435:Undine
426:tamers
297:Berlin
289:German
251:Closed
243:Opened
211:Berlin
189:Status
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
753:88 mm
541:like
354:King
295:) in
90:JSTOR
76:books
825:ISBN
756:Flak
653:and
537:and
529:and
491:the
442:and
402:and
283:The
262:1951
238:1844
62:news
45:by
874::
844:.
684:.
649:,
645:,
641:,
448:.
438:,
291::
848:.
287:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
