Khidr - Knowledge

960: 994:. As with Moses and al-Khiḍr, Joshua asks to follow Elijah, who agrees under the condition that the former not question any actions he may take. One night, Joshua and Elijah are hosted by a poor man who owns only a cow, which Elijah slaughters. The next day, they are refused hospitality by a rich man, but the Prophet fixes the man's wall without receiving pay. Finally, the two are refused hospitality by people at a rich synagogue but hosted by a group of poor people. Elijah prays to God to turn everyone in the rich synagogue into rulers, but says that only one person out of the latter should rule. When Joshua questions the Prophet, the Prophet explains that he killed the cow as a replacement for the soul of the man's wife, who was due to die that day; that he fixed the wall because there was treasure underneath it that the rich man would otherwise have found while fixing it himself; and that his prayer was because a land under a single ruler is preferable to one with multiple ones. 351:, malicious or somber, actually are merciful. The boat was damaged to prevent its owners from falling into the hands of a king who seized every boat by force. And as for the boy, his parents were believers and we feared lest he should make disobedience and ingratitude to come upon them. God will replace the child with one better in purity, affection and obedience. As for the restored wall, the Servant explained that underneath the wall was a treasure belonging to two helpless orphans whose father was a righteous man. As God's envoy, the Servant restored the wall, showing God's kindness by rewarding the piety of the orphans' father, and so that when the wall becomes weak again and collapses, the orphans will be older and stronger and will take the treasure that belongs to them." 1038:, includes the conclusion of a narrative involving an angel and a monk, in which the angel explains certain strange actions he had presumably taken in earlier, now lost sections of the narrative. The angel had stolen a cup from a generous host, because he knew that the cup was stolen and that their host would be unwittingly sinning if he continued to possess it. He had killed the son of another generous host, because he knew that the boy would grow to be a sinner if he reached adulthood but would go to heaven if he died before committing his sins. Finally, the angel had repaired the wall of a man who had refused them hospitality, because he knew that there was treasure underneath that the man would otherwise have found. The tale of the angel and the monk is part of a wider 1021:

align more closely to the elaborations of later Islamic commentaries rather than the concise narrative of the Quran itself. For example, the Jewish story involves Ben Levi purposely seeking out Elijah just as God tells Moses to seek out al-Khiḍr in the Islamic commentaries, whereas the Quran itself never states whether the meeting between Moses and al-Khiḍr is intentional or accidental. A close association between Elijah and al-Khiḍr is also first attested from a number of early Islamic sources. Ben Jacob may have changed the character of the disciple from Moses to Joshua ben Levi because he was wary of attributing negative qualities to the Jewish prophet and because Ben Levi was already a familiar recurrent character in

801: 626: 778:(ascension) of Muhammad whom Moses had desired to see and was shown in this vision. The nature of the dialogue between Moses and the "Servant of God" and the relationship between them is seen as indicative of the personal characteristics of Moses and Muhammad as well as those of their respective followers; Khiḍr's seemingly inappropriate actions and the wisdom behind them are understood with reference to salient features of Muhammad's life and teachings; and the entire Quranic narrative is understood as being expressive of Muhammad's spiritual superiority over Moses and the supersession of the Judaic dispensation by the Islamic one. 1129:

this argument recently (2019) revised it. While the two figures share characteristic parallels in many ways, historical analysis has shown that it is misleading to consider only this symbolic harmony. According to this view, although Khidr has some common features arising from the mythological personality of Eliyah transferred from Kothar and Hasis, he is in fact a syncretic form of Enoch and Eliyah. Because the Quranic story about Khidr who is mentioned anonymously in the surat al-Kahf, is basically the Enochian version of an Eliyah story. A small theory suggested that al-Khidr is another name for the

745:, interprets al-Khiḍr as the mysterious prophet, the eternal wanderer. The function of al-Khiḍr as a 'person-archetype' is to reveal each disciple to himself, to lead each disciple to his own theophany, because that theophany corresponds to his own 'inner heaven,' to the form of his own being, to his eternal individuality. Accordingly, al-Khiḍr is Moses' spiritual guide, who initiates Moses into the divine sciences, and reveals to him the secret mystic truth. The Moroccan Sufi Abdul Aziz ad-Dabbagh describes al-Khiḍr as acting in the guidance of divine revelation ( 792: 340:

have patience with me. And how can you have patience about things about which your understanding is not complete?" Moses promises to be patient and obey him unquestioningly, and they set out together. After they board a ship, the Servant of God damages the vessel. Forgetting his oath, Moses says, "Have you made a hole in it to drown its inmates? Certainly you have done a grievous thing." The Servant reminds Moses of his warning, "Did I not say that you will not be able to have patience with me?" and Moses pleads not to be rebuked.

7805: 7794: 573: 360: 7337: 3259: 734:, by carrying out seemingly unjust actions. Al-Khiḍr repeatedly breaks his oath not to speak out against Gabriel's actions, and is still unaware that the human teacher is actually Gabriel. Gabriel then explains his actions, and reveals his true angelic form to al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr recognises him as the Archangel Gabriel, and then Gabriel bestows a spiritual title upon al-Khiḍr, by calling him 47: 1046:. French historian Roger Paret points out that the Moschus story is much more closely aligned to the Quranic episode than the Jewish legend; for instance, the angel in the Greek story and the "servant of God" in the Quran are both anonymous and vaguely defined, in contrast to the named figures of the Jewish Elijah or Khiḍr in Islamic exegesis. 469:, called "The Tale of al-Khiḍr and His History; and the History of Moses and His Servant Joshua." Al-Tabari describes several versions of the traditional story surrounding al-Khiḍr. At the beginning of the chapter, al-Tabari explains that in some variations, al-Khiḍr is a contemporary of the mythical Persian king 1227:, a river spirit of wells and streams. He is mentioned in the Sikandar-nama as the saint who presides over the well of immortality, and is revered by both Hindus and Muslims. He is sometimes pictured as an old man dressed in green, and is believed to ride upon a fish. His principal shrine is on an island of the 1128:

in their struggle with a dragon. Both are also known as "sailor" figures who are symbolically associated with sea, lake and rivers. Khidr often has some characteristics of a sailor, even in cultural areas which are not directly linked to the sea, like mountainous Dersim. However, the scholar who made

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than to other stories by Ben Jacob with clear Talmudic origins. Noting that Ben Jacob's compilation includes other stories with clear Islamic antecedents, Wheeler also suggests that the Jewish story of Elijah was created under Islamic influence, remarking that its parallels with the story of al-Khiḍr

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meets the Servant of God, referred to in the Quran as "one of our slaves whom We had granted mercy from Us and whom We had taught knowledge from Ourselves". Muslim scholars identify him as Khiḍr, although he is not explicitly named in the Quran and there is no reference to him being immortal or being

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Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the

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community and a symbol of their enduring faith and resilience. Additionally, Saint George is regarded as a protector and healer in Druze tradition. The story of Saint George slaying the dragon is interpreted allegorically, representing the triumph of good over evil and the protection of the faithful

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more or less parallel each other and the account in the Quran. However, in the stories al-Tabari recounts, Moses claims to be the most knowledgeable man on earth, and God corrects him by telling him to seek out al-Khiḍr. Moses is told to bring a salted fish, and once he found the fish to be missing,

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Next, the Servant of God kills a young man. Moses again cries out in astonishment and dismay, and again the Servant reminds Moses of his warning, and Moses promises that he will not violate his oath again, and that if he does he will excuse himself from the Servant's presence. They then proceed to a

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The Quran states that they meet at the junction of two seas, where a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat has escaped. Moses asks for permission to accompany the Servant of God so Moses can learn "right knowledge of what been taught". The Servant informs him that "Surely you cannot

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and later it may have been assimilated to the Arabic 'al-akhḍar'. Finally, it has been suggested that the name of Khidr is derived from Arabic 'hadara', a verb meaning 'to be present' or 'be in the presence', and it was explained over time by a similar Arabic word meaning 'green', ("al-akhḍar") 'to

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In the Quranic narrative which immediately precedes Moses's encounter with Khiḍr, a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat escapes into the sea, and the prophet encounters Khiḍr when he returns to the place where the fish escaped. The episode of the fish is generally thought to derive

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town where they are denied hospitality. This time, instead of harming anyone or anything, the Servant of God restores a decrepit wall in the village. Yet again Moses is amazed and violates his oath for the third and last time, asking why the Servant did not at least exact "some recompense for it."

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with esoteric knowledge from the gods, who Gilgamesh unsuccessfully consults in order to attain immortality. Khiḍr is similar to Utnapishtim in that they are both considered immortal—although the former's immortality is mentioned only in later Islamic sources, not the Qur'an, and this immortality

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In Sufi tradition, al-Khiḍr holds a distinguished position as a figure who receives illumination directly from God without human mediation. He is considered to be alive and many respected figures, shaykhs, and prominent leaders in the Sufi community claim to have had personal encounters with him.

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Al-Khiḍr is a figure in Islamic tradition who is believed to have the appearance of a young adult but with a long, white beard. According to some authors, al-Khiḍr is Xerxes, a 6th-century Sasanian prince who disappeared after finding the fountain of life and sought to live his remaining life in

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The source of the Quranic episode of Moses' journey with al-Khiḍr has been the subject of different opinions of various scholars. Like some other scholars, Brannon notes that the story does not appear to have any direct Christian or Jewish antecedent. But a very recent study has shown that the

260:(Moses) about the many seemingly unfair or inappropriate actions he (Al-Khidr) takes (sinking a ship, killing a young man, repaying inhospitality by repairing a wall). At the end of the story Khidr explains the circumstances unknown to Moses that made each of the actions fair and appropriate. 477:

the Elder, who in this version is identified as the king Afridun. In this specific version, al-Khiḍr comes across the River of Life and, unaware of its properties, drinks from it and becomes immortal. Al-Tabari also recounts that al-Khiḍr is said to have been the son of a man who believed in

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believed that Khidr, a figure in Islamic tradition, is alive and at the second degree of life. Some religious scholars have doubts about this belief. He said al-Khidr and Elijah were free and able to be present in multiple places at the same time. They do not have to eat or drink and are not

751:) as do other saints, without requiring prophethood. In comparison to other saints, God gave al-Khiḍr the powers and the knowledge of the highest ranking saint (al-ghawth), such as the power of free disposal reaching far beyond the Arsh and having all God-sent scriptures in memory. 504:

Al-Tabari seems more inclined to believe that al-Khiḍr lived during the time of Afridun before Moses, rather than traveled as Abraham's companion and drank the water of life. He does not state clearly why he has this preference, but rather seems to prefer the chain of sources (the

1557:""Hızır versus Hızır: Kültür Tarihi, Din Sosyolojisi ve Astroloji Bağlamında Dersim Aleviliğinde Xızır", in Kızılbaşlık, Alevilik, Bektaşilik (Tarih-Kimlik-İnanç-Ritüel), Derleyenler: Yalçın Çakmak – İmran Gürtaş, İstanbul, 2015: İletişim | Gürdal Aksoy" 700:

Sufis, who enter the mystical path without being initiated by a living master, instead following the guiding light of earlier masters or, in their belief system, by being initiated by al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr had thus come to symbolize access to the divine mystery

299:). Therefore, the meaning of the name has traditionally been taken to be "the Green One" or "the Verdant One". Some contemporary scholars have disagreed with this assessment; however some others point to a possible reference to the Mesopotamian figure 419:

A powerful-looking, fine-featured, handsome man with a white beard came leaping over the backs of the people till he reached where the sacred body lay. Weeping bitterly, he turned toward the Companions and paid his condolences. Ali said that he was

1254:, a rare model spaceship capable of instantaneous travel between two points, attempts to stop an unidentified creature that is annihilating intelligent life on planets throughout the universe, he is haunted by repeating vision of meeting al-Khiḍr. 517:

he would then find al-Khiḍr. Moses sets out with a travel companion, and once they reach a certain rock, the fish comes to life, jumps into the water, and swims away. It is at this point that Moses and his companion meet al-Khiḍr.

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by an anonymous author, al-Khiḍr is asked by Dhul-Qarnayn to lead him and his armies to the Water of Life. Al-Khiḍr agrees, and eventually stumbles upon the Water of Life on his own. Khidr's role is expanded in the 13th-century

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restricted by human needs. There is a level of sainthood called "the degree of Khidr" where a person receives instruction from Khidr and meets with him. However, sometimes the person at this level is mistaken for Khidr himself.

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only means very long life since in Islam everyone except God will die at the end —and in that Moses encounters Khiḍr at the "meeting place of the two waters", while Gilgamesh visits Utnapishtim at the "mouth of the waters".

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were visited by a good looking, well dressed man who asked them a series of questions. Hasan answered the questions and upon this, the man testified to the prophet-hood of Muhammad followed by testifying that Ali and his

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through the Arabization of his nickname, "Hasisatra". According to another view, the name Khidr is not an Arabic variant or an abbreviation of Hasisatra, but it may have been derived from the name of the Canaanite god

933:("the green shrine"). The name of the shrine derives from the greenness of the foliage growing around the sanctuary. It is still a functional temple and the holiest site for present-day Zoroastrians living in Iran. 1213:, the select portion given to champions, at feasts; ultimately, Cú Chulainn is the only one willing to let a giant — actually a king who has magically disguised himself — cut off his head, as per their agreement. 4583: 3023: 391:

and al-Khiḍr meet every year and spend the month of Ramadan in Jerusalem. Another report states that a man seen walking with Umar II was actually al-Khiḍr. It is also narrated that Al-Khiḍr met with

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Schwarzbaum has argued that the Quranic narrative originated in a Late Antique context in which Christian theodicy legends involving monks were popular, with being the equivalent of the Christian

1112:. Both characters have some surprisingly common features. For example, Kothar and Khidr possess wisdom and secret knowledge. Both figures are involved in the slaying of a dragon. Kothar helps 1057:

with knowledge derived directly from the Divine." Schwarzbaum also speculated of an ultimately Jewish prototype for Khiḍr, possibly a legend involving Moses becoming a disciple of the future

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The Servant of God replies, "This shall be separation between me and you; now I will inform you of the significance of that with which you could not have patience. Many acts which seem to be

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The reverence for Saint George, who is often identified with Al-Khidr, is deeply integrated into various aspects of Druze culture and religious practices. He is seen as a guardian of the

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appears, a believer will challenge him, who will be sliced into two pieces and rejoined, making it appear that he caused him to die and be resurrected, and this person will be al-Khiḍr.

1197:. In the story, the Green Knight tempts the faith of Sir Gawain three times. The character of al-Khiḍr may have come into European literature through the mixing of cultures during the 417:

from amongst the rest of the companions, and where he came to show his grief and sadness at the death of Muhammad. Al-Khiḍr's appearance at Muhammad's funeral is related as follows:

1065:. While agreeing that the Quranic story "combines disparate elements from motifs current in late antiquity", Wheeler rejects Schwarzbaum's connection between Rabbi Akiva and Khiḍr. 959: 726:

to guide him. Gabriel appears to al-Khiḍr as a wise human sage, and al-Khiḍr accepts him as his teacher. Gabriel teaches al-Khiḍr much in the same way as al-Khiḍr later teaches

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are the successors and heir to his message. Ali asked Hasan to track the whereabouts of the visitor, but when he could not, Ali revealed the identity of the man to be Khidr.

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in which his story is cited. According to Ahmadi commentaries, Moses' journey towards, and his meeting with the "servant of God" was a visionary experience similar to the

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a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druzes appreciated the two saints for their bravery:

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reports that al-Khiḍr got his name after he was present over the surface of some ground that became green as a result of his presence there. There are reports from

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as holy, and they identify Elijah as "El-Khidr", the green prophet who symbolizes water and life, a miracle who cures the sick. The Druze typically view El Khidr,

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himself. Ahmadis believe that the Quranic passage of Moses' encounter with the "Servant of God" is closely linked, contextually, to the subject matter of surah

7741: 972: 473:, who was a contemporary of Abraham, and lived before the days of Moses. Al-Khiḍr is also said to have been appointed to be over the vanguard of the king 3319: 1153:, although many Islamic scholars have rejected this claim as Alexander the Great was a polytheist. In one version, al-Khiḍr and Dhul-Qarnayn cross the 1006: 7515: 1028:

Another early story similar to the tale of Khiḍr is of Christian provenance. A damaged and non-standard thirteenth-century Greek manuscript of the

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from Iran, India and other countries make a pilgrimage to Yazd in Iran to worship at a hillside grotto containing the sacred spring dedicated to

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Theo Maarten van Lint, "The Gift of Poetry: Khidr and John the Baptist as Patron Saints of Muslim and Armenian Âšīqs – Ašułs", Van Ginkel J.J.,

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argued as early as in 1960 that the story appeared to be "utterly dependent upon the Koranic text", with even the language more akin to typical

7413: 4746: 2340: 1327: 1599: 6935: 1782:; J. Mackley, "St. George: patron saint of England?", paper presented to: Staff Researches Seminar, University of Northapmton, 5 May 2011 3282: 7495: 1971: 1169:, King Ṣaʿb was given the epithet Dhu al-Qarnayn by al-Khidr after meeting him in Jerusalem. There are also several versions of the 6928: 4483: 915:

There are many figures in Iran whose place Khidr took by the Islamization process. One of them is paradoxically a female figure,

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also gives a unique account of al-Khiḍr. Al-Khiḍr was on a long search for God, until God, out of his mercy, sends the Archangel

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in meeting one Sheikh Hassan ibn Muthlih Jamkarani, on 22 February 984 CE (17 Ramadan 373 A.H.) and instructing him to build

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Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh = al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh

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Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh = al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh

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In one of the most influential hypotheses on the source of the al-Khiḍr story, the early twentieth-century Dutch historian

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Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries

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Some scholars, including Wensinck, have argued that certain elements of the story of Moses and Khiḍr show influence from

715:’’ (‘those who take turns’). In Sufi hierarchy, ‘’abdāl’’ is a mysterious rank of which al-Khiḍr is the spiritual head. 501:. According to this version of al-Khiḍr's story, al-Khiḍr and Elijah meet every year during the annual festival season. 7475: 524:

that al-Khiḍr ("the Green" or "the Verdant") was named because he sat on a white fur and it shimmered green with him.

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especially associated with esoteric knowledge or fertility. These associations come in later scholarship on al-Khiḍr.

5295: 4994: 3234: 3178: 2620: 2559: 2524: 2499: 2463: 2438: 2410: 2139: 1952: 1678: 1514: 1472: 1438: 1396: 612: 271:) believe that Khidr is still alive, whereas for others there are contradictory, more reliable narrations and ayahs. 183:

possessing great wisdom or mystic knowledge. In various Islamic and non-Islamic traditions, Khidr is described as an

4074: 3832: 944:. Here the worshippers pray for the fertilising rain and celebrate the greening of nature and the renewal of life. 191:, who guards the sea, teaches secret knowledge and aids those in distress. He prominently figures as patron of the 7321: 4362: 7134: 1759: 1585:, Berkeley, 1999, University of California Press; F.W. Hasluck, 'Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda', 1190: 559:, al-Khiḍr is considered one of the 'permanent Imams'; that is, those who have guided people throughout history. 263:

Many mystics and some scholars who give credence to Abu Ishaq's narration of a hadith about Khidr's meeting with

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Wheeler, Brannon M. (1998a). "The Jewish Origins of Qurʾān 18:65–82? Reexamining Arent Jan Wensinck's Theory".

1914: 594: 2014:[Surat al-Kahf in the Context of the Hellenistic and Enochic Judaism; Moses, Khidr and Dhu'l-Qarnayn]. 1050:, a scholar of Islamic theology, has regarded the Moschus tale as the likely source of the Quranic narrative. 7714: 5757: 5301: 2531:

the Druze believe that al - Khidr corresponds to St George in Christianity and to the Prophet Yahya in Islam.

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as one and the same, successive reincarnation of one soul, in keeping with their beliefs in these concepts.

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Gürdal Aksoy, "Dersim Alevi Kürt Mitolojisi", Raa Haq'da Dinsel Figürler", Istanbul, 2006, Komal yayınları,

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Qur'anic story is full of Jewish symbols, even if we cannot historically identify its likely original form.

7856: 7540: 7231:= While the figure has been revered by many Muslims as a saint, status as a prophet is not accepted by all. 4112: 1161:. Dhul-Qarnayn gets lost looking for the spring but al-Khiḍr finds it and gains eternal life. According to 462: 895:

and won over them. In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druzes were attracted to

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is dedicated to Anahita. Among the Zoroastrians, for the pilgrims to Yazd, the most important of the six

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as a servant of God who has been given "knowledge" and who is accompanied and questioned by the prophet

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Sahih Muslim 2538a; In-book reference: Book 44, Hadith 310; English translation: Book 31, Hadith 6162;

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Sahih Muslim 2938a; In-book reference: Book 54, Hadith 136; English translation: Book 41, Hadith 7017;

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Zuwiyya, Z. David (2011). "The Alexander Romance in the Arabic Tradition". In Z. David Zuwiyya (ed.).

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Though not mentioned by name in the Quran, he is named by Islamic scholars as the figure described in

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Spain to England: A Comparative Study of Arabic, European, and English Literature of the Middle Ages.

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Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

6487: 4736: 3112: 2032: 1707: 707:) itself, and in the writings of Abd al-Karim al-Jili, al-Khiḍr rules over ‘the Men of the Unseen' ( 493:, even equated with him, and al-Tabari makes a distinction in the next account in which al-Khiḍr is 7861: 7283: 6968: 6784: 5886: 5574: 5474: 1606: 322: 173:

al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Hidr, Khizr, Kezr, Kathir, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, Khilr

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Al-Tabari also adds to lore surrounding the origins of al-Khiḍr's name. He refers to a saying of

376: 5649: 5432: 4511: 3950: 3159: 2612: 2376: 2354: 7658: 7636: 7535: 7525: 7361: 7199: 7175: 7123: 6480: 5730: 4985: 4926: 4816: 4296: 3687: 3263: 3052: 1101: 1054: 868: 852:

is described as a prophetic figure in Druze sources; and in some sources he is identified with

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service of God. There are several reported proofs of the life of al-Khiḍr, including one where

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Redefining Christian Identity. Cultural Interaction in the Middle East since the Rise of Islam

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Wheeler, Brannon M. (1998). "Moses or Alexander? Early Islamic Exegesis of Qurʾān 18:60-65".

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Image and Community: Representations of Military Saints in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean

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as some say their origins are similar to one another, but this theory seems to be unproven.

7778: 7545: 7356: 6007: 5602: 5486: 5468: 4617: 4443: 1089:, which means that the Quranic narrative is ultimately related to the story of Gilgamesh. 924: 723: 4536: 1182: 883:

and Saint Elijah. Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central

8: 7731: 6036: 5980: 5775: 5443: 5085: 4308: 4003: 3673: 3455: 3432: 1150: 1011: 406: 268: 4941: 4867: 7618: 7550: 7505: 7392: 6393: 6362: 5835: 5481: 5233: 5055: 4377: 3505: 3211: 3132: 2925: 2334: 1775: 1754:, Leuven-Paris-Dudley, Peeters, 2005 (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 134), p. 335-378 1695: 1321: 856:(Mar Elias), and in others as al-Khidr. The Druze version of the story of al-khidr was 642: 425: 328: 264: 211: 2606: 791: 7653: 7530: 7510: 7444: 7423: 6849: 6041: 6026: 5962: 5421: 5147: 4732: 4631: 4409: 4389: 4382: 3448: 3230: 3174: 3155: 3136: 3090: 2929: 2865: 2616: 2555: 2520: 2495: 2459: 2434: 2406: 2322: 2312: 2135: 1948: 1910: 1755: 1674: 1531: 1510: 1468: 1452: 1434: 1413: 1392: 1371: 1309: 1299: 1170: 1162: 1158: 1085: 1071: 1022: 719: 537: 364: 288: 239: 203: 7336: 2261: 1464: 951:, and some of her former sanctuaries in Iran were rededicated to him (Pir-i Sabz)". 7724: 7681: 7591: 7306: 7206: 7181: 6821: 6421: 6414: 6334: 6093: 6021: 5968: 5876: 5696: 5283: 5022: 4965: 4823: 4751: 4612: 4157: 4007: 3982: 3940: 3614: 3473: 3203: 3124: 3064: 2917: 1940: 1852: 1460: 1236: 1154: 1125: 1109: 1076: 1017: 1002: 872: 839: 479: 309: 235: 125: 7291: 6920: 2012:"Helenistik ve Enohçu Yahudilik Bağlamında Kehf Suresi: Musa, Hızır ve Zülkarneyn" 7836: 7798: 7751: 7691: 7686: 7648: 7485: 7428: 7287: 7155: 7128: 7032: 6959: 6611: 6372: 6328: 5458: 5142: 4844: 4756: 4237: 4060: 3908: 3591: 3555: 3274: 3224: 3084: 1202: 998: 987: 930: 669:(1:84–98) states that there is consensus among the Sufis that al-Khiḍr is alive. 541: 243: 184: 152: 4357: 1175: 413:

that al-Khiḍr was present at the funeral of Muhammad and was recognized only by

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Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-existence

1146: 997:

This Jewish legend is first attested in an Arabic work by the eleventh-century

896: 835: 727: 630: 494: 437: 332: 257: 5846: 3128: 2882: 1206: 1189:

Some scholars suggest that al-Khiḍr is also represented in the Arthurian tale

7825: 7773: 7756: 7746: 7366: 6469: 6181: 6104: 6081: 5526: 4936: 4892: 4833: 4799: 4723: 4622: 4556: 4198: 4167: 3902: 3850: 2326: 1313: 884: 711:). Al-Khiḍr is also included among what in classical Sufism are called the ‘’ 662: 433: 429: 400: 57:

Mystic, Green One, The Verdant One, Teacher of the Prophets, Sayyidina, Guide

5254: 4860: 4028: 3068: 449: 7768: 7596: 7470: 6565: 6322: 5908: 5841: 5507: 5464: 5156: 5137: 5132: 4921: 4877: 4372: 3957: 3870: 3624: 3539: 3522: 3414: 3341: 3187: 1273: 1194: 1108:

Another hypothesis on the origin of Khiḍr compares him to the Ugaritic god

1079:

while washing a dead fish in it, which then comes to life and escapes. The

1039: 1035: 880: 849: 843: 814: 742: 685: 474: 215: 180: 5060: 4578: 3924: 2593:

The Mysteries of Mithras. The Pagan Belief That Shaped the Christian World

2306: 2295:

Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, C. Glasse, Ismailis: " a 'permanent Imam'."

1293: 1096:. In this line of analysis, Khiḍr is considered an Islamic counterpart of 279:

The name "al-Khiḍr" shares exactly the same triliteral root as the Arabic

7449: 7301: 7296: 7103: 6755: 6548: 6303: 6245: 6234: 5868: 5828: 5769: 5635: 5624: 5620: 5162: 5075: 5070: 3658: 1856: 1228: 1097: 1058: 937: 673: 442: 300: 4451: 4253: 3680: 2608:

Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran

2094: 2082: 2046: 1894: 1210: 253: 242:

in Sindh and Punjab in South Asia. He is commemorated on the holiday of

97: 7736: 6284: 6164: 6068: 6059: 5643: 5290: 5243: 5127: 4808: 4561: 3634: 3113:"The Jewish and Moslem Versions of Some Theodicy Legends. (Aa-Th. 759)" 3001:

Ahmad, Hadhrat al-Hajj Mirza Bashirudeen Mahmood -Khalifatul Masih II.

2154:

Nursi, S., & Vahide, S. (2001). Letters. İstanbul: Sözler Neşriyat.

1779: 1431:

The Arabian Epic: Volume 1, Introduction: Heroic and Oral Story-telling

1368:

Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis

1166: 1062: 857: 597: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 533: 498: 410: 296: 199: 7696: 6580: 4340: 4301: 3641: 3464: 3215: 2396: 2394: 1173:

in which al-Khiḍr figures as a servant of Alexander the Great. In the

7719: 7480: 7376: 7316: 7165: 7140: 6843: 6833: 6521: 5973: 5784: 5710: 5556: 5344: 5213: 4914: 4898: 4243: 3890: 3578: 3527: 3391: 1965:"Myths from Mesopotamia – Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others" 1670: 1263: 1134: 1117: 775: 689: 650: 646: 556: 304: 195: 83: 6538: 2011: 1722: 1556: 982:

argued that the tale was derived from a Jewish legend involving the

947:

As Babayan says, "Khizr is related to the Zoroastrian water goddess

572: 461:

In Sunni Islam Persian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an

7793: 7608: 7160: 7014: 6745: 6585: 6570: 5859: 5541: 5381: 5370: 5363: 5152: 5000: 4979: 4607: 4501: 4426: 4101: 3766: 3728: 3534: 3207: 2921: 2391: 1298:. John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke. Leiden, the Netherlands. p. 684. 1198: 1043: 983: 767: 521: 470: 384: 359: 2492:

Geography, Religion, Gods, and Saints in the Eastern Mediterranean

1945:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

1882: 1870: 676:

that claim origin with al-Khiḍr or that al-Khiḍr is part of their

7571: 7326: 7170: 7150: 7118: 7108: 7019: 6811: 6606: 6110: 5923: 5880: 5809: 5804: 5741: 5676: 5662: 5564: 5219: 5208: 5007: 4970: 4700: 4644: 4550: 4161: 4133: 3986: 3944: 3860: 3797: 3748: 3669: 1232: 1222: 963:

al-Khiḍr and Alexander the Great in front of the Fountain of Life

948: 916: 831: 771: 762:

exegeses of the Quran tend to identify the "Servant of God" whom

693: 677: 654: 483: 223: 207: 552:, has been a pilgrimage destination for the Shia for some time. 544:

at that site of their meeting. The site, six kilometers east of

7586: 7371: 7311: 7093: 7088: 7073: 7009: 7004: 6994: 6988: 6854: 6729: 6601: 6516: 6435: 6377: 6193: 6187: 5893: 5719: 5704: 5501: 5453: 5390: 5358: 5271: 5181: 5116: 5012: 4760: 4741: 4636: 4602: 4247: 4216: 4193: 4064: 3972: 3864: 3736: 3572: 3515: 3495: 3437: 3424: 3409: 3258: 1130: 991: 891:

and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of

853: 818: 759: 697: 490: 388: 368: 227: 219: 179:. He is described in Surah Al-Kahf, as a righteous servant of 107: 5601:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 2798: 1145:

In various accounts al-Khidr has been linked to the figure of

1005:, some four hundred years after the composition of the Quran. 51:

Al-Khidr riding on a fish, as depicted in the mid-17th century

7603: 7576: 7269: 7212: 7113: 6775: 6430: 6407: 6385: 6175: 6169: 6139: 5821: 5723: 5546: 5519: 5495: 5405: 5276: 5188: 4960: 4909: 4872: 4778: 4479: 4208: 4151: 4123: 4046: 4032: 4017: 3993: 3967: 3934: 3912: 3884: 3808: 3778: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3602: 3560: 3355: 3306: 2786: 1488: 1268: 1251: 1217: 903: 876: 827: 810: 731: 712: 703: 396: 250: 231: 176: 79: 65: 1524: 7613: 7566: 7060: 7054: 7025: 6999: 6974: 6575: 6499: 6130: 5913: 5586: 5375: 5265: 5249: 4794: 4506: 4212: 4171: 4042: 3997: 3854: 3703: 3607: 1633:"Saint George (Khidr) Slays the Dragon and Becomes a Saint" 1113: 920: 892: 747: 549: 348: 192: 188: 140: 131: 76: 3154:. Annali di Scienze Religiose 1, Brepols Publishers 2008, 2822: 2726: 2714: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2635:

Babayan also cites something listed only as "Mīrshokrā'i,

2629:

Mary Boyce (1967). "Bibi Sharbahnu and the Lady of Pars".

1075:

of Late Antiquity in which Alexander's cook discovers the

1034:, a hagiographical work by the pre-Islamic Byzantine monk 830:

venerate Elijah, and he is considered a central figure in

6765: 6159: 5941: 3345: 2637:

Tahlīl az Rasm-i Sunni-yi Chihilum-i Bahār, Kirmanshenasi

545: 414: 392: 134: 7238: 2846: 2063: 1583:

The Barbarian Plain: Saint Sergius between Rome and Iran

1509:, Ankara, 2012, p. 65-80, Dipnot yayınevi (in Turkish), 46: 2810: 2774: 2750: 2738: 2666: 2654: 1770:

H.S. Haddad, "Georgic" Cults and Saints of the Levant,

5436:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 2975:

A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages

2631:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

2311:. John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke. Leiden, the Netherlands. 1389:

Muslim Turkistan: Kazak Religion and Collective Memory

2834: 2642: 2231:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 4–5. 2198:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 2–3. 2168:. Albany: State University of New York. pp. 1–2. 2051: 1201:. It is also possible that the story derives from an 432:

that after entering the sacred Mosque in Mecca, Ali,

7882:

Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints

6134:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 3269: 2762: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 166: 143: 137: 33: 6950: 2246:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 17. 2207: 2205: 2130:Al-Kulayni, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (2015). 128: 3304: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2216:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 3. 2183:. Albany: State University of New York. p. 2. 2134:. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 7516:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus 2472: 2424: 2422: 7823: 5744:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 4332:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 2595:, foreword C. Matthews, CANADA, 2005, p. 99-100. 2202: 1186:, where he is Alexander's companion throughout. 1120:by making weapons for him. Khidr helps Sufis or 399:. It is also told that during the time when the 3008: 2604: 2447: 1600:"Ambiguous Sanctuaries and Bektashi Propaganda" 536:amongst the laity believe al-Khiḍr accompanied 202:over time with various other figures including 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2419: 509:) of the former story rather than the latter. 482:, and who emigrated with Abraham when he left 7254: 6936: 3290: 3086:The Qurʾān and the Bible: Text and Commentary 3053:"Un parallèle byzantin à Coran, XVIII, 59–81" 2591:, Leiden, 2004: Brill, p. 563; Payam Nabarz, 1774:, Vol. 16, Fasc. 1, Apr. 1969, p. 21-39, see 936:Each year from 14–18 June, many thousands of 899:that resemble their own militarized society. 889:Saint George because he confronted the dragon 3404:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 2962:. New York: Columbia University. p. 57. 2947:. New York: Columbia University. p. 55. 2903: 2901: 2519:. University of Michigan Press. p. 39. 2105: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1581:Aksoy 2012, p. 65-80; Elizabeth Key Fowden, 641:Examples of those who have claimed this are 26: 3110: 3021: 2804: 2792: 2696: 2549: 2536: 2514: 1817: 175:) is a figure not mentioned by name in the 7261: 7247: 6943: 6929: 5762:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 5076:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 4878:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 4256:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 3297: 3283: 2628: 2339:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2129: 1587:The Annual of the British School at Athens 1326:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 489:Al-Khiḍr is also commonly associated with 7496:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze 3623: 2957: 2942: 2898: 2554:. Taylor & Francis. p. 310-314. 2304: 2241: 2226: 2211: 2193: 2178: 2163: 2148: 1998: 1654: 1291: 809:Two saints identify as "El-Khidr" in the 766:met to be the symbolic representation of 613:Learn how and when to remove this message 465:, writes about Khidr in a chapter of his 3196:Journal of the American Oriental Society 3193: 3082: 2828: 2816: 2780: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2458:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. 2405:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 77. 2305:Sijilmāsī, Aḥmad ibn al-Mubārak (2007). 1450: 1292:Sijilmāsī, Aḥmad ibn al-Mubārak (2007). 1140: 958: 624: 387:is said to have stated that the prophet 358: 354: 323:Moses in Islam § Meeting with Khidr 3226:Moses in the Quran and Islamic Exegesis 3222: 2972: 2907: 2852: 2840: 2648: 2453: 2123: 2069: 2057: 1410:The Darvishes: Or Oriental Spiritualism 1340: 456: 7867:One Thousand and One Nights characters 7824: 4586:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 4472:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 4276: 2428: 1851:(PhD thesis). University of Michigan. 1846: 1663:"Contemporary Hinduism in North India" 1661:Kumar, P. Pratap (11 September 2014). 371:and al-Khiḍr praying together from an 7242: 6924: 6354: 5942:Events, incidents, occasions or times 5940: 5329: 4665: 4321:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 4275: 4049:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 3830: 3330: 3317: 3278: 3223:———— (2002). 3050: 3028:Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition 2768: 2756: 2744: 2400: 2009: 1947:, Oxford, revised edition 2000, p. 2 1820:"St George: patron saint of England?" 1660: 1457:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Third Edition 1209:and two other heroes compete for the 1205:which predates the Crusades in which 954: 6273:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 4752:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 2611:. Harvard University Press. p. 2489: 1925:see A. J. Wensinck, "al-Khaḍir," in 1720: 1507:Dersim: Alevilik, Ermenilik, Kürtlük 910: 595:adding citations to reliable sources 566: 512:The various versions in al-Tabari's 316: 291:meaning "green" or "verdant" (as in 16:Mystical figure in Islamic tradition 2578:, India, 2010: I.B. Tauris, p. 123. 2403:Historical Dictionary of the Druzes 1721:Jatt, Zahida Rehman (3 June 2015). 1083:is partly derived from the ancient 156: 27: 13: 3152:Oriental Elements in Surat al Kahf 1909:, İstanbul, 2006, Komal yayınevi, 1723:"Jhulay Lal's cradle of tolerance" 1489:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 1343:"10 Sufi tales about khwaja Khidr" 869:Christian influence on Druze faith 562: 198:. The figure of al-Khidr has been 14: 7898: 6298:('Before the rising of the Sun') 3251: 2550:Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). 781: 696:. He is the hidden initiator for 7804: 7803: 7792: 7501:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) 7335: 6465:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 4901:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 3257: 3005:iv. (10 Volumes. Rabwah, 1962). 2992:University Press of Mississippi. 2120:Ibn al-Jazari, 1994, p. 228 1630: 1433:Cambridge University Press 2005 1250:, while Ramstan, captain of the 1246:by famed science fiction writer 1149:, who is commonly identified as 799: 790: 571: 527: 124: 45: 6951:Extra-Quranic prophets of Islam 6107:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 5512:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 4868:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 3542:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 3083:Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). 3044: 2995: 2982: 2966: 2951: 2936: 2910:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2875: 2858: 2598: 2581: 2576:Zoroastrianism: An Introduction 2568: 2508: 2494:. Routledge. pp. 197–200. 2369: 2347: 2298: 2289: 2276: 2260:. Jafariya News. Archived from 2250: 2235: 2220: 2187: 2172: 2157: 2114: 2099: 2087: 2075: 2039: 1989: 1957: 1932: 1919: 1899: 1887: 1883:https://sunnah.com/muslim:2538a 1875: 1871:https://sunnah.com/muslim:2938a 1863: 1840: 1811: 1791: 1785: 1764: 1740: 1714: 1624: 1592: 1589:, Vol. 20 (1913/1914), p. 101-2 1575: 1549: 1465:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23204 1451:Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2009). 1191:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 879:'s favorite venerated figures: 754: 582:needs additional citations for 7476:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305) 5411:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 5304:at the time of Abraham and Lot 4768:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 4435:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 3927:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 3331: 3318: 2589:Zoroastrian Rituals in Context 2456:Cannabis and the Soma Solution 1532:"ḴEŻR – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 1499: 1481: 1444: 1423: 1402: 1381: 1360: 1334: 1285: 741:The French scholar of Sufism, 218:in Asia Minor and the Levant, 1: 7715:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine 7135:Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah 5330: 3173:. Taylor & Francis 2006, 2884:Islam & Tamil God Murugan 2108:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 1641:Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order 1279: 919:. The most popular shrine in 682:Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order 7541:Druze in Mandatory Palestine 6203:(The Afternoon or the Night) 6101:12 months: Four holy months 5653:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 5246:(s) or People of the Injil) 4584:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 4113:names and titles of Muhammad 3831: 3358:found in the Quran, such as 2258:"History of Jamkaran Mosque" 1907:Dersim Alevi Kürt Mitolojisi 1521:, Encyclopædia Iranica, 2009 1220:, al-Khiḍr is also known as 738:, the Eternal Life Prophet. 463:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 274: 7: 7877:Prophets in the Druze faith 7521:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 7218:Zechariah, son of Berechiah 5972:(Flood of the Great Dam of 4293:Adam's immediate relatives 3171:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 3057:Revue des études byzantines 2894:– via Google You tube 2515:Isḥāq Khūrī, Fuʼād (2009). 1847:Badamo, Heather A. (2011). 1257: 862:Saint George and the Dragon 267:(a false Messiah figure in 222:(the divine prosecutor) in 167: 34: 10: 7903: 7333: 6179:('Remembrance', including 5825:(literally 'The Barrier') 4853:('Companions of the Wood') 4742:Companions of the Elephant 4691:People of the Burnt Garden 4666: 4055:('Companion of the Whale') 3651:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 3111:Schwarzbaum, Haim (1960). 2988:Lasater, Alice E. (1974). 2639:, Kirman (1982), 365–374." 1939:Islamic sage Al-khidr..." 1818:Mackley, J. (5 May 2011). 1794:"Israel's forgotten tribe" 320: 287:, a root found in several 7787: 7705: 7669: 7627: 7559: 7463: 7437: 7406: 7385: 7344: 7276: 7268: 7226: 7191: 7042: 6956: 6908: 6867: 6795: 6718: 6679: 6628: 6594: 6558: 6531: 6453: 6446:('Mother of the Book(s)') 6361: 6355: 6350: 6316: 6150: 6121: 6090: 6072:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 6050: 5998: 5994: 5947: 5936: 5797: 5686: 5633: 5573: 5418: 5366:, literally 'The Garden') 5336: 5325: 5255:Qissis (Christian priest) 5171: 5107: 5034: 4958: 4789: 4676: 4672: 4661: 4593: 4529: 4460: 4399: 4286: 4282: 4271: 4230: 4181: 4084: 3843: 3839: 3826: 3789: 3746: 3701: 3553: 3484: 3382: 3375: 3371: 3337: 3326: 3313: 3305:People and things in the 3129:10.1515/fabl.1960.3.1.119 3089:. Yale University Press. 2977:. Brill. pp. 73–112. 2433:. Routledge. p. 76. 1927:The Encyclopedia of Islam 1341:Chishti (11 March 2018). 113: 103: 93: 89: 71: 61: 56: 44: 21: 7362:Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana 5302:Mesopotamian polytheists 5250:Ruhban (Christian monks) 5124:(People of the Verandah) 5001:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 4804:(literally 'The Romans') 4724:Companions of Noah's Ark 4641:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 4570:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 4490:Magicians of the Pharaoh 4392:(Muhammad's adopted son) 3684:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 3468:(fish or whale) of Jonah 2605:Kathryn Babayan (2002). 2429:Hammer, Leonard (2009). 2244:The History of al-Tabari 2229:The History of al-Tabari 2214:The History of al-Tabari 2196:The History of al-Tabari 2181:The History of al-Tabari 2166:The History of al-Tabari 2110:. Altamira. p. 257. 1827:Nectar.northampton.ac.uk 1750:, Van Lint T.M. (eds.), 467:The History of al-Tabari 7481:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty 7455:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb 6960:Stories of the Prophets 6785:Forbidden fruit of Adam 6255:('Decline of the Sun') 6143:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 5873:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 5298:at the time of Muhammad 5272:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 4729:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 4625:the companion of Joshua 3459:(female ant) of Solomon 3164:Brepols Journals Online 3150:Michelangelo Chasseur: 3069:10.3406/rebyz.1968.1402 2454:Bennett, Chris (2010). 2286:, (Norton, 2006), p.220 1748:Murre-van den Berg H.L. 1391:Routledge, 19 Nov 2013 1100:, the immortal sage of 1069:from an episode in the 1042:Christian tradition of 834:. The Druze regard the 672:There are also several 659:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi 377:Stories of the Prophets 7642:Maronite-Druze dualism 7637:Christianity and Druze 7526:Hauran Druze Rebellion 7124:Zechariah ben Jehoiada 6397:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 6389:(The Book of Muhammad) 5899:Cave of Seven Sleepers 5722:, literally 'Place of 5610:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 4986:Companions of the Rass 4887:Companions of Muhammad 4733:Companions of the Cave 3668:Angel of the Trumpet ( 2027:Cite journal requires 2010:Aksoy, Gürdal (2019). 1102:Mesopotamian mythology 964: 637: 379: 373:illuminated manuscript 7887:Prophets of the Quran 7762:List of Israeli Druze 7491:Mount Lebanon Emirate 7352:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 6638:(literally 'lamps'): 6551:statue) of Israelites 6484:(Casket of Shekhinah) 5986:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 5833:(Black Stone) & 5613:('The Blessed Place') 5081:Daughters of Muhammad 5071:Household of Muhammad 5047:Household of Abraham 4895:(literally 'Helpers') 4350:Disciples (including 4010:the son of Zechariah) 3599:(Honourable Scribes) 3587:Bearers of the Throne 3051:Paret, Roger (1968). 2106:Cyril Glasse (2001). 1517:; Anna Krasnowolska, 1141:Comparative mythology 1094:The Epic of Gilgamesh 1048:Gabriel Said Reynolds 990:and the Holy Prophet 962: 653:, Sidi Abdul Aziz ad- 635:Old City of Jerusalem 628: 367:manuscript depicting 362: 355:Reports in the Hadith 313:be green' in Arabic. 7779:Persecution of Druze 7742:Druze Arabic dialect 7546:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen 7357:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi 7043:In Islamic tradition 6418:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 6296:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 6013:('the Confederates') 6001:military expeditions 5776:The Prophet's Mosque 5734:('The Sacred Grove') 5530:(Station of Abraham) 5345:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 5021:('Companions of the 4820:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 4812:(Children of Israel) 4507:Moses' sister-in-law 4486:, who adopted Moses) 4429:, Qatafir or Qittin) 4408:Brothers (including 4154:He who spoke to God) 3477:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 3449:sleepers of the cave 3417:) of the Abyssinians 3266:at Wikimedia Commons 3022:Longworth Dames, M. 2587:Michael Strausberg, 2490:Ferg, Erica (2020). 2401:Swayd, Samy (2015). 1244:The Unreasoning Mask 1216:In certain parts of 718:The Sri Lankan Sufi 591:improve this article 457:Islamic perspectives 448:The Islamic scholar 293:al-Qubbah al-Khaḍrā’ 171:; also Romanized as 7857:Angelic visionaries 7799:Religion portal 7732:Alam al-Din dynasty 7322:Seven Durzi pillars 7192:In Quranic exegesis 6037:Expedition of Tabuk 5981:Farewell Pilgrimage 5731:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 5650:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 5469:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 5444:Iram of the Pillars 4747:People of al-Ukhdūd 4699:(Companions of the 4158:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 3425:Domesticated donkey 3395:(cow) of Israelites 3181:, p. 343–345 ( 3162:, p. 255-289 ( 2807:, pp. 136–140. 1977:on 5 September 2014 1370:A&C Black 2002 1151:Alexander the Great 973:Arent Jan Wensinck 407:Muhammad al-Bukhari 269:Islamic eschatology 7619:Salman the Persian 7551:Qalb Loze massacre 7506:Battle of Ain Dara 7393:Epistles of Wisdom 7377:Muhammad al-Darazī 6492:Trumpet of Israfil 6238:('The Late-Night') 6105:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 5851:(Cave of the Bull) 5836:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 5748:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 5440:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 5425:(excluding Madyan) 5348:('The Holy Land') 5296:Meccan polytheists 5234:People of the Book 5092:Household of Salih 5067:Household of Moses 5015:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 4716:Disciples of Jesus 4688:People of Paradise 4480:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 4369:People of Solomon 4329:People of Abraham 4309:Believer of Ya-Sin 4277:People of Prophets 3975:(Jethro, Reuel or 3782:('Rebellious one') 3506:Beast of the Earth 2958:Anonymous (1978). 2943:Anonymous (1978). 2831:, pp. 463–65. 2795:, pp. 134–36. 2759:, pp. 145–59. 2747:, pp. 137–38. 2735:, pp. 169–70. 2723:, pp. 165–67. 2711:, pp. 164–65. 2687:, pp. 155–56. 2264:on 9 February 2012 2242:Al-Tabari (1991). 2227:Al-Tabari (1991). 2212:Al-Tabari (1991). 2194:al-Tabari (1991). 2179:al-Tabari (1991). 2164:Al-Tabari (1991). 1995:Gürdal Aksoy, 2006 1248:Philip José Farmer 1061:, compiler of the 1031:Leimōn Pneumatikos 965: 955:Theories on origin 860:with the story of 643:Abdul-Qadir Gilani 638: 629:Dome of al-Khidr, 380: 212:Sargis the General 7872:Individual angels 7852:Legendary Muslims 7847:Islamic mythology 7832:Islam and Judaism 7817: 7816: 7670:Druze communities 7654:Judaism and Druze 7628:Relationship with 7531:Jabal Druze State 7511:1838 Druze Revolt 7445:Al-Khidr Festival 7424:Khalwat al-Bayada 7345:Important figures 7236: 7235: 6918: 6917: 6904: 6903: 6877:(Water or fluid) 6863: 6862: 6850:Sidrat al-Muntahā 6694:(Garlic or wheat) 6624: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6346: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6288:('The Afternoon') 6279:('The Afternoon') 6209:('The Mornings') 6042:Conquest of Mecca 6027:Battle of Khaybar 5963:Event of Mubahala 5959:(Night of Decree) 5932: 5931: 5887:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 5830:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 5793: 5792: 5785:Salat (Synagogue) 5738:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 5589:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 5422:Arabian Peninsula 5397:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 5321: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5051:Brothers of Yūsuf 4922:Children of Ayyub 4915:Wife of Abu Lahab 4873:People of Fir'aun 4864:(People of Jonah) 4838:People of Shuaib 4824:People of Ibrahim 4757:People of Yathrib 4657: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4632:Nebuchadnezzar II 4525: 4524: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4226: 4225: 4095:and Strong Will') 3822: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3697: 3696: 3637:(Gabriel, chief) 3549: 3548: 3262:Media related to 3096:978-0-300-18132-6 2855:, pp. 26–30. 2318:978-90-474-3248-7 2072:, pp. 23–24. 1792:Raz, Dan Savery. 1536:Iranicaonline.org 1493:iranicaonline.org 1418:978-1-135-02990-6 1387:Bruce Privratsky 1376:978-0-826-44956-6 1305:978-90-474-3248-7 1183:Sīrat al-Iskandar 1171:Alexander Romance 1163:Wahb ibn Munabbih 1086:Epic of Gilgamesh 1081:Alexander Romance 1072:Alexander Romance 1023:Jewish literature 911:In Zoroastrianism 817:(left) and Saint 720:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen 623: 622: 615: 538:Muhammad al-Mahdi 497:and Elijah is an 317:Quranic narrative 303:from the Epic of 289:Semitic languages 165: 117: 116: 62:Venerated in 7894: 7842:Naqshbandi order 7807: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7725:Sultan al-Atrash 7592:John the Baptist 7397:Rasa'il al-Hikma 7339: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7207:People of Ya-Sin 7182:Khaled bin Sinan 6945: 6938: 6931: 6922: 6921: 6804:Plants of Sheba 6716: 6715: 6559:Of Noah's people 6529: 6528: 6497: 6496: 6488:Throne of Bilqis 6481:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 6422:Tablets of Stone 6352: 6351: 6335:First Pilgrimage 6151:Times for prayer 6094:Islamic calendar 6022:Battle of Hunayn 5996: 5995: 5938: 5937: 5877:Bayt al-Muqaddas 5416: 5415: 5327: 5326: 5086:Muhammad's wives 5061:Progeny of Imran 4943:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 4845:People of Madyan 4787: 4786: 4776: 4775: 4674: 4673: 4663: 4662: 4397: 4396: 4363:Zechariah's wife 4347:People of Jesus 4336:Ishmael's mother 4284: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4082: 4081: 4023:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 4008:John the Baptist 3841: 3840: 3828: 3827: 3621: 3620: 3615:Munkar and Nakir 3380: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3328: 3327: 3315: 3314: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3261: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3219: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3019: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2905: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2879: 2873: 2862: 2856: 2850: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2805:Schwarzbaum 1960 2802: 2796: 2793:Schwarzbaum 1960 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2697:Schwarzbaum 1960 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2634: 2626: 2602: 2596: 2585: 2579: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2547: 2534: 2533: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2487: 2470: 2469: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2398: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2377:"The Holy Quran" 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2355:"The Holy Quran" 2351: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2330: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2284:The Shia Revival 2280: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2161: 2155: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2030: 2025: 2023: 2015: 2007: 1996: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1976: 1970:. Archived from 1969: 1961: 1955: 1941:Stephanie Dalley 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1824: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1789: 1783: 1768: 1762: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1699: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1605:. Archived from 1604: 1596: 1590: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1563:. 1 January 1970 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1528: 1522: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1448: 1442: 1427: 1421: 1406: 1400: 1385: 1379: 1366:Brannon Wheeler 1364: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1317: 1289: 1237:Punjab, Pakistan 1155:Land of Darkness 1110:Kothar-wa-Khasis 1077:Fountain of Life 1018:Classical Arabic 1015: 1007:Haim Schwarzbaum 1003:Nissim ben Jacob 981: 873:Christian saints 840:John the Baptist 803: 794: 680:, including the 667:Lata'if al-Minan 618: 611: 607: 604: 598: 575: 567: 310:Kothar-wa-Khasis 238:in Armenia, and 236:John the Baptist 170: 160: 158: 150: 149: 146: 145: 142: 139: 136: 133: 130: 49: 39: 37: 30: 29: 19: 18: 7902: 7901: 7897: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7862:Angels in Islam 7822: 7821: 7818: 7813: 7791: 7783: 7752:Jumblatt family 7707: 7701: 7692:Jordanian Druze 7665: 7649:Islam and Druze 7630:other religions 7629: 7623: 7555: 7459: 7433: 7402: 7381: 7340: 7331: 7272: 7267: 7237: 7232: 7222: 7187: 7038: 6952: 6949: 6919: 6914: 6900: 6859: 6797: 6791: 6714: 6675: 6630: 6616: 6590: 6554: 6527: 6501: 6500:Mentioned idols 6495: 6457: 6455: 6449: 6394:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 6357: 6338: 6329:Laylat al-Mabit 6312: 6264:('The Evening') 6253:Dulūk ash-Shams 6221:('The Morning') 6215:('The Morning') 6152: 6146: 6117: 6092: 6086: 6075:Days of battles 6046: 6000: 5990: 5951:Incident of Ifk 5943: 5928: 5919:Palestine River 5789: 5758:Masjid al-Dirar 5688: 5682: 5629: 5577: 5569: 5424: 5420: 5414: 5351:'Blessed' Land' 5332: 5309: 5173: 5167: 5148:Umayyad Dynasty 5109: 5095: 5056:Lot's daughters 5040: 5039:('People of the 5038: 5030: 4982:(people of Hud) 4968: 4954: 4946:(Gog and Magog) 4829:People of Ilyas 4782: 4780: 4774: 4707:Jesus' apostles 4684:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 4668: 4649: 4595: 4589: 4553:of Moses' time) 4521: 4497:Wise, pious man 4484:Wife of Pharaoh 4476:Imraʾat Firʿawn 4463:Aaron and Moses 4462: 4456: 4412:(Benjamin) and 4401: 4395: 4313:Family of Noah 4278: 4259: 4222: 4177: 4148:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 4094: 4092: 4090: 4080: 4006:ibn Zakariyyā ( 3835: 3814: 3785: 3742: 3693: 3655:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 3645:('The Spirit') 3619: 3597:Kirāman Kātibīn 3592:Harut and Marut 3569:Angels of Hell 3545: 3480: 3367: 3333: 3322: 3309: 3303: 3254: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3169:Oliver Leaman: 3141: 3139: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3073: 3071: 3047: 3042: 3032: 3030: 3024:"Khwadja Khidr" 3020: 3009: 3000: 2996: 2987: 2983: 2971: 2967: 2956: 2952: 2941: 2937: 2906: 2899: 2889: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2870:978-975710213-7 2863: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2623: 2603: 2599: 2586: 2582: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2548: 2537: 2527: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2488: 2473: 2466: 2452: 2448: 2441: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2399: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2332: 2331: 2319: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2240: 2236: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2203: 2192: 2188: 2177: 2173: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2080: 2076: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2028: 2026: 2017: 2016: 2008: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1937: 1933: 1929:, IV, pp. 902–5 1924: 1920: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1888: 1880: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1822: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1790: 1786: 1769: 1765: 1745: 1741: 1731: 1729: 1719: 1715: 1703: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1673:. p. 121. 1659: 1655: 1645: 1643: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1612:on 28 June 2014 1609: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1504: 1500: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1449: 1445: 1428: 1424: 1412:Routledge 2013 1407: 1403: 1386: 1382: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1347:The Sufi Tavern 1339: 1335: 1319: 1318: 1306: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1260: 1143: 1009: 999:Tunisian Jewish 988:Joshua ben Levi 975: 957: 913: 825: 824: 823: 822: 806: 805: 804: 796: 795: 784: 757: 678:spiritual chain 619: 608: 602: 599: 588: 576: 565: 563:In Sufi thought 542:Jamkaran Mosque 530: 459: 426:Ja'far al-Sadiq 357: 325: 319: 277: 127: 123: 52: 40: 31: 25: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7900: 7890: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7801: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7720:Al-Atrash clan 7717: 7711: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7697:Druze diaspora 7694: 7689: 7684: 7682:Lebanese Druze 7679: 7673: 7671: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7651: 7646: 7645: 7644: 7633: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7419:Jabal al-Druze 7416: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7348: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7266: 7265: 7258: 7251: 7243: 7234: 7233: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7203: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6971: 6965: 6963: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6925: 6916: 6915: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6889:(River or sea) 6884: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6837: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6815: 6801: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6779: 6769: 6759: 6749: 6739: 6733: 6722: 6720: 6713: 6707: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6645: 6634: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6541: 6535: 6533: 6526: 6525: 6509: 6505: 6503: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6485: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6459: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6439: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6398: 6390: 6381: 6367: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6348: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6332: 6325: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6280: 6265: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6229:('The Night') 6224: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6204: 6185:('Praising'), 6156: 6154: 6153:or remembrance 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6135: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6076: 6073: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6032:Battle of Uhud 6029: 6024: 6019: 6017:Battle of Badr 6014: 6004: 6002: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5965: 5960: 5956:Laylat al-Qadr 5952: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5920: 5917: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5883: 5874: 5871: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5848:Ghār ath-Thawr 5844: 5839: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5760: 5755: 5745: 5735: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5692: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5680: 5671:('Township of 5666: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5640: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5599:Al-Wādil-Ayman 5593:Valley of Tuwa 5581: 5579: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5534:Safa and Marwa 5531: 5523: 5513: 5504: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5471: 5462: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5428: 5426: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5399: 5394: 5384: 5382:Door of Hittah 5379: 5367: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5299: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5259: 5258: 5257: 5252: 5227: 5226: 5225: 5217: 5205: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5185: 5182:Ahl al-Dhimmah 5177: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5150: 5145: 5143:Iranian people 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5044: 5042: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5003: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4974: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4883:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 4875: 4870: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 4848: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4797: 4790: 4784: 4773: 4772: 4771:Nation of Noah 4769: 4763: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4704: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4680: 4678: 4670: 4669: 4659: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4623:Caleb or Kaleb 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4554: 4544: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4473: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4436: 4430: 4417: 4405: 4403: 4394: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4378:Queen of Sheba 4375: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4341:Isaac's mother 4338: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4319: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4304: 4299: 4290: 4288: 4280: 4279: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4254:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 4251: 4241: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4206: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4183: 4182:Debatable ones 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4165: 4164:Friend of God) 4155: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4137: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4109: 4098: 4096: 4091:('Those of the 4079: 4078: 4068: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4050: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4011: 4001: 3990: 3980: 3970: 3965: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3938: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3878: 3868: 3858: 3847: 3845: 3837: 3836: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3759: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3733: 3725: 3718: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3677: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3652: 3649:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 3631: 3629: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3575: 3566: 3564: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3509: 3499: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3441: 3428: 3418: 3405: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3377: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3324: 3323: 3311: 3310: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3253: 3252:External links 3250: 3249: 3248: 3235: 3220: 3208:10.2307/605888 3202:(2): 153–171. 3191: 3167: 3148: 3123:(1): 119–169. 3108: 3095: 3080: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3007: 3003:Tafsir e Kabir 2994: 2981: 2965: 2950: 2935: 2922:10.1086/468638 2897: 2874: 2857: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2819:, p. 158. 2809: 2797: 2785: 2783:, p. 465. 2773: 2771:, p. 143. 2761: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2699:, p. 159. 2689: 2677: 2675:, p. 154. 2665: 2663:, p. 153. 2653: 2641: 2627:Babayan cites 2621: 2597: 2580: 2567: 2560: 2535: 2525: 2507: 2500: 2471: 2464: 2446: 2439: 2418: 2411: 2390: 2368: 2346: 2317: 2297: 2288: 2275: 2249: 2234: 2219: 2201: 2186: 2171: 2156: 2147: 2140: 2122: 2113: 2098: 2086: 2074: 2062: 2050: 2038: 2029:|journal= 1997: 1988: 1956: 1931: 1918: 1905:Gürdal Aksoy, 1898: 1886: 1874: 1862: 1839: 1810: 1784: 1763: 1739: 1713: 1679: 1653: 1623: 1591: 1574: 1548: 1523: 1505:Gürdal Aksoy, 1498: 1480: 1473: 1443: 1422: 1408:John P. Brown 1401: 1380: 1359: 1333: 1304: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1147:Dhu al-Qarnayn 1142: 1139: 956: 953: 912: 909: 897:warrior saints 836:Cave of Elijah 808: 807: 798: 797: 789: 788: 787: 786: 785: 783: 782:In Druze faith 780: 756: 753: 709:rijalu’l-ghayb 631:al-Aqsa Mosque 621: 620: 579: 577: 570: 564: 561: 529: 526: 458: 455: 438:Husayn ibn Ali 356: 353: 329:Quran 18:65–82 318: 315: 276: 273: 187:, prophet, or 115: 114: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 87: 86: 73: 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 42: 41: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7899: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7820: 7810: 7802: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7786: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:Mowafaq Tarif 7772: 7770: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7757:List of Druze 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7747:Druze cuisine 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7704: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7687:Israeli Druze 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7668: 7660: 7659:Druze Zionism 7657: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7398: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7367:Hamza ibn Ali 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7338: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7307:Reincarnation 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7292:Ahl at-Tawhīd 7289: 7285: 7284:Al-Muwahhidūn 7282: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7264: 7259: 7257: 7252: 7250: 7245: 7244: 7241: 7230: 7225: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7069: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6955: 6946: 6941: 6939: 6934: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6912: 6907: 6896: 6893: 6888: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6828: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6796:Bushes, trees 6794: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6747: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6717: 6711: 6708: 6705: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532:Of Israelites 6530: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502:(cult images) 6498: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6476: 6475:Staff of Musa 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6452: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6353: 6349: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6217: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6112: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091:Months of the 6089: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6005: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5969:Sayl al-ʿArim 5966: 5964: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890:(Mesopotamia) 5889: 5888: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5783: 5777: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752:Sacred Mosque 5749: 5746: 5743: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5685: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578:or Tīh Desert 5576: 5572: 5566: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5527:Maqām Ibrāhīm 5524: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5277:Rabbani/Rabbi 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5091: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5037: 5033: 5024: 5020: 5019:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 5017: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4834:People of Nuh 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4777: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4697:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 4695: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4660: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4613:Bal'am/Balaam 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596:not specified 4592: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4358:Mary's mother 4356: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4317:Father Lamech 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4142:(Son of Mary) 4141: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4067:son of Jacob) 4066: 4062: 4059: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3989:son of David) 3988: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3770:(the (chief) 3769: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502:Dābbat al-Arḍ 3500: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3447:(dog) of the 3446: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3238: 3236:0-7007-1603-3 3232: 3229:. Routledge. 3228: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3189: 3186:, p. 343, at 3185: 3184: 3180: 3179:0-415-32639-7 3176: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3098: 3092: 3088: 3087: 3081: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3059:(in French). 3058: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3029: 3025: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2985: 2976: 2969: 2961: 2960:Iskandarnamah 2954: 2946: 2945:Iskandarnamah 2939: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2902: 2886: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2867: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2843:, p. 26. 2842: 2837: 2830: 2829:Reynolds 2018 2825: 2818: 2817:Wheeler 1998a 2813: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2782: 2781:Reynolds 2018 2777: 2770: 2765: 2758: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2733:Wheeler 1998a 2729: 2722: 2721:Wheeler 1998a 2717: 2710: 2709:Wheeler 1998a 2705: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2685:Wheeler 1998a 2681: 2674: 2673:Wheeler 1998a 2669: 2662: 2661:Wheeler 1998a 2657: 2651:, p. 10. 2650: 2645: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2622:0-932885-28-4 2618: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2601: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2571: 2563: 2561:9781351722179 2557: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2526:9781904850014 2522: 2518: 2517:Being a Druze 2511: 2503: 2501:9780429594496 2497: 2493: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2465:9781936296323 2461: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2440:9781135268121 2436: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2414: 2412:9781442246171 2408: 2404: 2397: 2395: 2379:. Alislam.org 2378: 2372: 2357:. Alislam.org 2356: 2350: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2301: 2292: 2285: 2279: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2245: 2238: 2230: 2223: 2215: 2208: 2206: 2197: 2190: 2182: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2151: 2143: 2141:9780991430864 2137: 2133: 2132:Kitab al-Kafi 2126: 2117: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2071: 2066: 2060:, p. 23. 2059: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2034: 2021: 2013: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1992: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1953:0-19-283589-0 1950: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1858: 1857:2027.42/89747 1854: 1850: 1843: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1709: 1697: 1682: 1680:9781317546368 1676: 1672: 1668: 1667:Sindhi Hindus 1664: 1657: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1631:Adil, Nazim. 1627: 1608: 1601: 1595: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1520: 1516: 1515:9786054412501 1512: 1508: 1502: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1476: 1474:9789004181304 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1439:9780521017381 1436: 1432: 1426: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1398: 1397:9781136838170 1394: 1390: 1384: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1363: 1348: 1344: 1337: 1329: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1284: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:Water of Life 1156: 1152: 1148: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 979: 974: 969: 961: 952: 950: 945: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 927: 922: 918: 908: 905: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 885:Mount Lebanon 882: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 820: 816: 812: 802: 793: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 752: 750: 749: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 705: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 668: 664: 663:Ibn Ata Allah 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 636: 632: 627: 617: 614: 606: 596: 592: 586: 585: 580:This section 578: 574: 569: 568: 560: 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 528:In Shia Islam 525: 523: 518: 515: 510: 508: 502: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 476: 472: 468: 464: 454: 451: 446: 444: 439: 435: 434:Hasan ibn Ali 431: 430:Kitab al-Kafi 427: 423: 421: 416: 412: 408: 404: 402: 401:false Messiah 398: 394: 390: 386: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 352: 350: 345: 341: 337: 334: 330: 324: 314: 311: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 272: 270: 266: 261: 259: 255: 252: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 193:Islamic saint 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 169: 163: 154: 148: 121: 112: 109: 106: 102: 99: 98:Yusha bin Nun 96: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 55: 48: 43: 38: 36: 20: 7819: 7769:Majid Arslan 7677:Syrian Druze 7597:Saint George 7581: 7536:Mountain War 7486:Ma'n dynasty 7471:Wadi al-Taym 7429:Nabi Shu'ayb 7414:Druze Khalwa 7396: 7228: 7205: 7198: 7180: 7133: 7066: 7059: 7031: 7024: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6973: 6958: 6910: 6894: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6839: 6829: 6817: 6807: 6781:In Paradise 6771: 6761: 6751: 6741: 6735: 6725: 6709: 6706:(Plant stem) 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6680:Plant matter 6667: 6661: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6635: 6544: 6515: 6511: 6479: 6443:Umm al-Kitāb 6441: 6428: 6415:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 6413: 6400: 6392: 6383: 6370: 6327: 6323:Ghadir Khumm 6307:('The Dawn') 6301: 6295: 6282: 6276: 6267: 6258: 6252: 6249:('The Noon') 6243: 6232: 6226: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6158: 6137: 6128: 6078:Days of Hajj 6066: 6063:(The Friday) 6057: 6009: 5967: 5954: 5922:Paradise of 5909:Jordan River 5904:Dār an-Nadwa 5903: 5885: 5847: 5842:Cave of Hira 5834: 5829: 5819: 5766:Masjid Qubāʾ 5765: 5747: 5737: 5729: 5715: 5703: 5695: 5669:Qaryat Yūnus 5668: 5658: 5648: 5608: 5598: 5584: 5575:Sinai Region 5557:Dam of Sheba 5552: 5540: 5525: 5515: 5506: 5491: 5473: 5451: 5439: 5431: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5369: 5356: 5343: 5261: 5239: 5230:Ahl al-Kitāb 5229: 5207: 5203:Zoroastrians 5199: 5194:disbelievers 5187: 5180: 5138:Banu Qurayza 5133:Banu Qaynuqa 5122:Ahl as-Suffa 5121: 5035: 5018: 4990: 4959: 4942: 4927:Sons of Adam 4882: 4858: 4850: 4841: 4815: 4809:Banī Isrāʾīl 4807: 4800: 4765: 4728: 4711: 4696: 4683: 4628:Luqman's son 4496: 4475: 4439: 4432: 4422: 4326:Luqman's son 4297:Martyred son 4189:Dhūl-Qarnain 4139: 4129: 4093:Perseverance 4085: 4063:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 4053:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 4052: 4041:('He of the 4038: 3951:Dhabih Ullah 3807: 3802: 3796: 3777: 3765: 3747: 3735: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3702: 3681:Malakul-Mawt 3679: 3654: 3648: 3640: 3625: 3596: 3577: 3554: 3533: 3521: 3511: 3501: 3491: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3444: 3440:) of Solomon 3431: 3420: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3359: 3240:. Retrieved 3225: 3199: 3195: 3188:Google Books 3182: 3170: 3151: 3140:. Retrieved 3120: 3116: 3100:. Retrieved 3085: 3072:. Retrieved 3060: 3056: 3045:Bibliography 3031:. Retrieved 3027: 3002: 2997: 2989: 2984: 2974: 2968: 2959: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2913: 2909: 2888:, retrieved 2883: 2877: 2872:, pp. 215-93 2860: 2853:Wheeler 2002 2848: 2841:Wheeler 2002 2836: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2740: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2649:Wheeler 2002 2644: 2636: 2630: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2575: 2574:Jenny Rose, 2570: 2551: 2530: 2516: 2510: 2491: 2455: 2449: 2430: 2402: 2381:. Retrieved 2371: 2359:. Retrieved 2349: 2307: 2300: 2291: 2283: 2282:Nasr, Vali, 2278: 2266:. Retrieved 2262:the original 2252: 2243: 2237: 2228: 2222: 2213: 2195: 2189: 2180: 2174: 2165: 2159: 2150: 2131: 2125: 2116: 2107: 2101: 2089: 2077: 2070:Wheeler 2002 2065: 2058:Wheeler 2002 2053: 2041: 2020:cite journal 1991: 1979:. 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Retrieved 1346: 1336: 1294: 1287: 1274:Saint George 1243: 1241: 1221: 1215: 1195:Green Knight 1188: 1181: 1176:Eskandarnāma 1174: 1165:, quoted by 1157:to find the 1144: 1121: 1107: 1091: 1084: 1080: 1070: 1067: 1052: 1040:Late Antique 1036:John Moschus 1029: 1027: 996: 970: 966: 946: 941: 938:Zoroastrians 935: 925: 914: 901: 881:Saint George 866: 850:Saint George 848: 844:Saint George 826: 815:Saint George 758: 755:In Ahmadiyya 746: 743:Henry Corbin 740: 735: 717: 708: 702: 686:Muhammadiyah 671: 666: 639: 609: 603:January 2023 600: 589:Please help 584:verification 581: 554: 534:Shia Muslims 531: 519: 513: 511: 506: 503: 488: 475:Dhul-Qarnayn 466: 460: 447: 428:narrates in 424: 418: 405: 381: 346: 342: 338: 326: 292: 284: 280: 278: 262: 248: 216:Saint George 172: 119: 118: 32: 7450:Eid Al Adha 7407:Holy places 7302:Esotericism 7297:Divine call 7104:Melchizedek 6756:Pomegranate 6656:(The Earth) 6549:golden calf 6122:Pilgrimages 5855:Hudaybiyyah 5770:Quba Mosque 5724:Prostration 5675:,' that is 5636:Mesopotamia 5625:Mount Tabor 5621:Mount Sinai 5603:Mount Sinai 5553:ʿArim Sabaʾ 5291:Polytheists 5041:Household') 5036:Ahl al-Bayt 4993:(People of 4991:Qawm Tubbaʿ 4937:Wife of Lut 4932:Wife of Nuh 4783:or families 4781:ethnicities 4502:Moses' wife 3985:ibn Dāwūd ( 3767:ash-Shayṭān 3659:Holy Spirit 3485:Non-related 3063:: 137–159. 1798:www.bbc.com 1760:90-42914181 1704:|work= 1352:16 November 1229:Indus River 1207:Cú Chulainn 1126:Sarı Saltık 1098:Utnapishtim 1059:Rabbi Akiva 1010: [ 976: [ 907:from harm. 875:become the 867:Due to the 858:syncretized 674:Sufi orders 443:Ahl al-Bayt 375:version of 301:Utnapishtim 200:syncretized 94:Predecessor 7826:Categories 7737:Amin Tarif 6650:(Planets) 6644:(The Moon) 6595:Of Quraysh 6470:Noah's Ark 6363:Holy books 6207:Al-Ghuduww 6201:Al-ʿAshiyy 6165:Invocation 6157:Times for 6008:Battle of 5999:Battles or 5591:(The Holy 5457:(formerly 5404:(Mainland 5214:Hypocrites 5161:People of 5128:Banu Nadir 5108:Implicitly 4950:Son of Nuh 4908:People of 4842:Ahl Madyan 4817:Muʾtafikāt 4737:Al-Raqaim? 4712:Ḥawāriyyūn 4594:Implied or 4539:(possibly 4469:Egyptians 4461:People of 4419:Egyptians 4240:(Jeremiah) 4140:Ibn Maryam 3893:(Ezekiel?) 3732:(Asmodeus) 3626:Muqarrabun 3362:(Generous) 3332:Non-humans 3320:Characters 2916:(3): 200. 2890:24 January 2769:Paret 1968 2757:Paret 1968 2745:Paret 1968 1915:975710213X 1832:13 January 1646:1 December 1567:13 January 1541:13 January 1280:References 1203:Irish myth 1167:Ibn Hisham 1063:Oral Torah 942:Pir-e Sabz 931:Pir-e Sabz 736:Hayat Nabi 450:Said Nursî 411:al-Bayhaqi 321:See also: 297:Green Dome 244:Hıdırellez 230:among the 75:Countless 72:Influenced 7438:Holy days 7317:Theophany 7166:Zephaniah 7141:Berechiah 6844:Date palm 6834:Palm tree 6822:Lote-tree 6798:or plants 6742:Qith-thāʾ 6670:(The Sun) 6668:Ash-Shams 6629:Celestial 6522:False god 6458:or beings 6456:of people 6438:of David) 6380:of Jesus) 6213:Al-Bukrah 5976:in Sheba) 5754:of Mecca) 5711:Monastery 5689:locations 5687:Religious 5644:Al-Jūdiyy 5337:Mentioned 5331:Locations 5244:Christian 5224:Believers 5209:Munāfiqūn 5172:Religious 5110:mentioned 5023:Stoneland 4899:Muhajirun 4677:Mentioned 4579:Abū Lahab 4574:As-Sāmirī 4564:(Goliath) 4530:Evil ones 4444:Zulaykhah 4400:People of 4287:Good ones 4087:Ulul-ʿAzm 4075:Zechariah 4071:Zakariyyā 3891:Dhūl-Kifl 3844:Mentioned 3690:(Michael) 3579:Zabāniyah 3556:Malāʾikah 3528:Honey bee 3270:Khidr.org 3242:19 August 3160:2031-5929 3142:19 August 3137:163130890 3102:19 August 3074:19 August 2930:162366963 2633:(30): 32. 2335:cite book 2327:310402464 1981:25 August 1727:Dawn News 1706:ignored ( 1696:cite book 1671:Routledge 1322:cite book 1314:310402464 1264:Green Man 1118:Yam-Nahar 1055:pneumatic 690:Idrisiyya 651:Ibn Arabi 647:al-Nawawi 557:Ismailism 499:Israelite 305:Gilgamesh 285:al-khaḍra 281:al-akhḍar 275:Etymology 210:in Iran, 196:ibn Arabi 168:al-Khaḍir 162:romanized 104:Successor 35:al-Khaḍir 7809:Category 7708:Features 7609:Muhammad 7560:Prophets 7288:Mowahhid 7176:Hanzalah 7161:Habakkuk 7079:Shemaiah 7015:Jeremiah 6832:(Tender 6812:Tamarisk 6746:Cucumber 6664:(Stars) 6642:Al-Qamar 6607:Al-ʿUzzā 6454:Objects 6268:Qabl al- 6219:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 6082:Doomsday 6010:al-Aḥzāb 5700:(Church) 5433:Al-Aḥqāf 5371:Jahannam 5364:Paradise 4971:Bedouins 4766:Qawm Lūṭ 4608:Abu Bakr 4438:Wife of 4427:Potiphar 4410:Binyāmin 4130:Al-Masīḥ 4102:Muḥammad 4039:Dhūn-Nūn 3983:Sulaymān 3921:(Elijah) 3833:Prophets 3749:Shayāṭīn 3707:(Genies) 3535:Qaswarah 3516:Wild ass 3494:(Female 3492:ʿAnkabūt 3415:elephant 3033:21 April 2383:10 March 2361:10 March 2268:10 March 1637:SufiLive 1453:"Angels" 1420:page 100 1378:page 225 1258:See also 1252:al-Buraq 1211:curadmír 1199:Crusades 1116:to kill 1044:theodicy 1001:scholar 984:Talmudic 768:Muhammad 522:Muhammad 385:Muhammad 254:18:65–82 240:Jhulelal 157:ٱلْخَضِر 120:Al-Khidr 28:ٱلْخَضِر 23:al-Khidr 7572:Abraham 7464:History 7327:Walayah 7277:Beliefs 7229:Italics 7171:Malachi 7151:Obadiah 7119:Eliezer 7109:Micaiah 7020:Ezekiel 6897:(Drink) 6883:(River) 6868:Liquids 6700:(Shoot) 6688:(Onion) 6648:Kawākib 6636:Maṣābīḥ 6581:Yaghūth 6317:Implied 6277:Al-Aṣīl 6227:Al-Layl 6111:Ramaḍān 6060:Jumuʿah 5924:Shaddad 5816:Arabia 5810:Antakya 5805:Antioch 5798:Implied 5742:Al-Aqsa 5677:Nineveh 5663:Babylon 5508:Ḥaraman 5478:(Hegra) 5475:Al-Ḥijr 5465:ʿArafāt 5459:Yathrib 5454:Madīnah 5284:Sabians 5220:Muslims 5189:Kāfirūn 5157:Khazraj 5008:Quraysh 4779:Tribes, 4701:Sabbath 4645:Shaddad 4618:Barṣīṣā 4551:Pharaoh 4547:Firʿawn 4244:Ṣamūʾīl 4231:Implied 4162:Abraham 4134:Messiah 3987:Solomon 3973:Shuʿayb 3945:Ishmael 3941:Ismāʿīl 3905:(Eber?) 3899:(Aaron) 3861:Al-Yasa 3798:Ghilmān 3674:Raphael 3670:Isrāfīl 3433:hud-hud 3383:Related 3376:Animals 1780:3269569 1732:17 July 1233:Bhakkar 1223:Khawaja 1193:as the 1135:Murugan 949:Anahita 917:Anahita 832:Druzism 821:(right) 813:faith: 772:Al Kahf 730:in the 724:Gabriel 694:Senussi 655:Dabbagh 514:History 495:Persian 484:Babylon 480:Abraham 471:Afridun 395:by the 365:Persian 327:In the 295:or the 224:Judaism 204:Dūraoša 164:: 84:mystics 7837:Sufism 7587:Elijah 7372:Shuaib 7312:Taqiya 7094:Hanani 7089:Haggai 7074:Ahijah 7033:Daniel 7010:Isaiah 7005:Gideon 6995:Samuel 6989:Joshua 6895:Sharāb 6855:Zaqqūm 6772:Zaytūn 6752:Rummān 6738:(Herb) 6730:Lentil 6719:Fruits 6712:(Seed) 6654:Al-Arḍ 6631:bodies 6602:Al-Lāt 6517:Ṭāghūt 6508:'Ansāb 6436:Psalms 6403:Tawrāt 6386:Qurʾān 6378:Gospel 6270:Ghurūb 6235:ʿIshāʾ 6194:Tasbīḥ 6188:Takbīr 6182:Taḥmīd 5974:Ma'rib 5894:Canaan 5881:'Ariha 5879:& 5720:Mosque 5716:Masjid 5705:Miḥrāb 5516:Kaʿbah 5510:Āminan 5502:Bakkah 5492:Makkah 5487:Ḥunayn 5419:In the 5391:Midian 5387:Madyan 5359:Jannah 5240:Naṣārā 5174:groups 5117:Amalek 5013:Thamūd 4801:Ar-Rūm 4761:Medina 4667:Groups 4637:Nimrod 4603:Abraha 4517:Sister 4512:Mother 4452:Mother 4414:Simeon 4402:Joseph 4383:Vizier 4373:Mother 4248:Samuel 4238:Irmiyā 4217:Gideon 4199:Maryam 4194:Luqmān 4111:Other 4065:Joseph 4014:Yaʿqūb 3925:ʿImrān 3865:Elisha 3803:Wildān 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