John Caradja - Knowledge

2823: 2794: 1327: 2093: 2738: 825: 2257:, they narrowly escaped Pandur retribution: Vladimirescu wanted to ambush the princely caravan as it entered Transylvania; however, his plan was foiled by Olympios, who, instead of helping with the ambush, escorted Caradja to safety. Pini also allegedly played a part, having "received great sums of money to facilitate this escape." The Caradjas' drive into Austria required tacit consent from Metternich, who granted them asylum, as well as the use of forged papers. The Prince allegedly asked both Austria and Russia for a resident's permit. Metternich refused to "compromise in front of the Sublime Porte", while Emperor Alexander only responded that he needed time to reflect on the issue. 38: 311: 2231: 1612:, and requiring male children to provide for their sisters. It afforded women "a certain social visibility in accordance with customary law, denied them political rights and some civil rights." Unlike Callimachi, whose code fully endorsed Christian supremacy, Caradja's legal scholars remained entirely silent on the issue of religious discrimination. These legislators were also vague when it came to the naturalization of foreigners: they paid lip service to earlier nativist and discriminatory laws but, as Iordachi argues, never actually enforced them—showing the political power still held by Phanariote families. 1075: 1543: 1397:", it lasted from June 1813 to April 1814 (with a reported peak during January), remaining "the deadliest outbreak of the plague from those reported in the country's annals." Fotino argues that Caradja took precautionary measures against the disease even reaching Bucharest, but was in the end powerless to stop it, losing some members of his court to it. According to Fotino, some 70,000 people died throughout the plague, while Dobescu notes that there were 20,000 fatalities in Bucharest alone. Fatalities increased despite Caradja's attempts to contain the spread with a total 2168:

pressure Caradja into resigning of his own will, which did not formally contradict understandings they had with Russia. Strogonov was alarmed by this ruse, and began advising Caradja on how to handle the pressure. In December 1816, he informed Manuc that he no longer found his reports trustworthy, and hinted that Filipescu was trying to compromise the Russian government. From 1 June 1817, Caradja embarked on a correspondence with Kapodistrias, who became his partisan. He began directing Wallachian treasury funds toward Kapodistrias' "

2209:, urging them to invade the Principalities. Kapodistrias told them off, since "Russia's desire is to conserve peace with the Porte, at any cost". Caradja himself caught up with rumors that he had been disgraced at the Ottoman court; he also discovered that his Soutzos son-in-law, who wanted the throne of Moldavia, now supported the toppling of both Princes. In retaliation, he sacked and humiliated Michael's father, Gregory Soutzos, from his postings at the Bucharest court. On 28 September 1818 ( 2774: 1760: 916: 2758: 1604:, as "an effective tool used by the central power in its struggle to control the emerging state machinery." As noted by legal scholar Valentin Al. Georgescu, it remained undecided between sources when it came to inheritance rights, creating an "absurd solution" which excluded some women from inheriting from their father-in-law if they had been widowed before his death. Overall, Caradja's code repressed a tradition of relative gender equality previously sustained by Wallachia's 1115:; on 10 December, he ordered that any plague fatalities be dragged out with hooks and buried in a mass grave. He also ordered Bucharest's health inspector, Archisatras, to give him routine reports on any signs of disease. The country's economic decline, worsened by months of Russian military occupation, did not prevent Caradja from instituting new fiscal policies which the population at large perceived as absurdly harsh. According to reports left by Caradja's enemy 1897:, which provided him with an annual income of over 200 thousand piasters. All men of the princely family became known for their decadent morals: Konstantinos was a serial seducer, forcing his wife Raluca Moruzzi to file for divorce; John himself would send his court dignitaries on "faraway missions", then forced himself on their wives. Such behavior scandalized an English physician, William Mac Michael. In January 1818, he reported that the Prince's second son, 493:; the latter spent his remaining years attempting to have Caradja deposed. Caradja was then involved in securing jobs for his Greek retinue or in trafficking high offices in exchange for bribes; in order to meet Ottoman fiscal demands, but also his own financial goals, he created an infamous system of spoliation which perplexed foreign observers and angered the Wallachian public. Having to deal with an outbreak of brigandage, Caradja became known for enforcing 2404:, now the princely couple of Moldavia, called on Caradja to meet them in Bessarabia or Moldavia, arguing that the Eteria had all but succeeded there. Caradja had still not reconciled with Michael during his time in Geneva; he probably never intended to follow up on this invitation, but in any case he would have been prevented to do so by the Austrian authorities, who issued orders to stop him at the border. Instead, he financed the nationalist and 1847:("thankful memorandum"), for which there was no precedent in Wallachian history. Concessions were also contrasted by Caradja's attempt at imposing strict sartorial regulations, which restricted the use of white to clothes worn by him and his family. The order, passed on 12 January 1817, was immediately defied by the anti-Phanariote boyars: "One of the boyar ladies, Tarsița Filipescu, decked herself in the whitest possible turban, satin dress and 1100: 817:; in both settings, the non-native Phanariotes were important players. During Nicholas' reign, Habsburg diplomats claimed that Wallachia was falling into Russian hands. Acting on the Ottomans with "extreme rudeness", they obtained his swift removal. The rejection of outside pressures was also becoming noted before John took charge: a wave of peasant riots in 1804–1805 was followed by a more peaceful interval, which lasted to 1811 when 800 2072:, an engineer and immigrant from Transylvania—who was also one of the first male Bucharesters to wear a Western suit. Lazăr used his position to preach subversive ideas, encouraging Romanians to view Greeks as "oppressors who need to be shaken off once and for all". The Prince was by then moderating his stance regarding the Jews. Their "great freedom of worship", noted by Recordon, was highlighted in 1818, when Caradja allowed the 2136:, who was trying to rekindle the revolt in Serbia from Wallachia, he watched on as Karađorđe was killed by his more conservative compatriots. In the aftermath, he intervened to reassure the Russians that their favorite Serb had not in fact been assassinated by the Ottomans themselves, and therefore that the pact between the two regional powers was not violated. In August 1817, he sent Mahmud letters he had received from 2381: 2341:("against the Sultan's consent"). As reported by Lady Morgan, "The Prince Caradja was a victim of the recent intrigues of the Ottoman Court . His people surrounded and put to death the messengers of his doom, while the Hospodar fled with his family to the frontiers." Halet was "seriously reprimanded" and lost the Sultan's favor, though his candidate, Michael Soutzos, was still a favorite for the Moldavian crown; 2292:, who dined with the Caradjas in March 1819, writes that they were all "all in their national dresses, glittering in the sun with gold and jewels; and the personal beauty of all, especially of the men, was most striking." Prince John, who appeared in a gown of "white and gold tissue" and spoke French "beautifully", struck Morgan as a "sensible, agreeable man, remarkably handsome, and a good dash of the coxcomb." 2667:, and only in exchange for money. Another author, Radu Economu, contrarily finds that "for all his negative traits (greed, thirst for money) which resulted in his sad reputation, was a prince of high culture". Similarly, cultural historian Alkis Angelou argues that Caradja was "one of the three gifted and especially cultured Phanariote rulers", with the other two being the inaugural Phanariote 1661:. The state continued to be unrelenting in its taxation, as recorded by traveler F. G. Laurençon. Laurençon reports that one tax collector beat up a pregnant woman who died as a result; Caradja had the culprit tried and sentenced to partial mutilation, after which "he returned home to surely perform more such misdeeds." The plague, meanwhile, still made occasional returns, reappearing in 937:, were put up on poles, paraded by the people around Bucharest, doused in mud, and finally set alight. Merrymaking lasted for three days between 15 and 18 October 1812, with lights being put up throughout the city and shots being fired uninterruptedly." The investiture also arrived with what was widely read as bad omens such, including a major frost described by the Wallachian scribe 2942:. They produced Jean Pasha's half-Swedish son, Constantin Jean, who, in his parallel work as a historian, published and prefaced the Caradja–Kapodistrias correspondence in 1921. He also argued for using "Karadja" as the family surname, noting that the Romanianized "Caragea" no longer showed its origins. Georgios' line was continued by his son Aristides (1830–1890), who served on the 2110:, Ionașcu argues that Caradja's slashing of tax bills was duplicitous, "meant to encumber his successor on the throne with a heavy burden and to leave the somewhat relieved popular masses with the memory of a reign that had been good for the country's finances." Documents from 1818–1819 provide a unique record of Wallachia's budgetary expenditures, which were driven up by the 3040:("Upstarts Old and New"), "may be read—if prudently so—as a chronicle of the Caradja era", including a topographical record of his court. The same work takes a sympathetic view of Prince John. He is attributed an anti-Ottoman speech which places blame for the country's destitution entirely on the Porte—and which reflects Filimon's own conception of Phanariote politics. 1207:

well: "They say that a destitute man will always be on the winning side when he engages in commerce; true enough, but only when the surplus stays with the wretched, when they only have to pay off the customs fee, and not when they are subject to oppression." He thus notes that Caradja's state exporters were instructed to tip the scales, obtaining that one in three

1433:. Other reports indicate that Caradja was not to blame. Since "doctors were the first to leave the city ", he issued writs ordering their salaries to be requisitioned. Museographer Gabriel Ciotoran writes that, overall, Caradja "had a decisive merit in curbing , with the many decisions that he took under such dire circumstances." A late Wallachian chronicler, 2471:, opted for a Phanariote monarchy, and elected themselves a 12-member regency council ("Greek Central Government"). Caradja was appointed its chairman, and Michael Soutzos its vice-chairman, with a boat being sent in to pick them up from Pisa. This plan did not fall through, though Mavrokordatos went on to serve as revolutionary leader for a brief interval. 1752:

rumors that Caradja's demotion was again being considered by Mahmud: "four carriages have been secretly bought for the new prince who is due to replace prince Caradja." He claimed that Caradja was no longer backed by Halet Efendi, who instead encouraged conspirators to act in Bucharest: " work to give some semblance of legality and treaty conformity to the

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Callimachi dutifully reported to Mahmud about Russian military maneuvers in Bessarabia. On 1 January 1817, during the New Years' Feast at the home of his son-in-law Constantin Vlahutzi, Caradja announced his court that he intended to cut down on taxes and expenditures; this was days after opening up to the "National Party", by making Brâncoveanu his

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Romanian background, and that Caradja's native enemy, Brâncoveanu, be recognized as Prince. The Divan met in December 1818 to vote on Metropolitan Nectarie's destitution and the expulsion of non-princely Phanariote families. A 20-man majority was gathered in favor of the latter measure, and pressures were put on Nectarie, who eventually resigned.

1060:, as well as "all sorts of nobodies" who lived exclusively on princely handouts. The court's reliance on princely boons and titles was also commented on by Caradja's Swiss secretary, François Recordon, who was puzzled by its sartorial components. According to Recordon, Wallachian boyars would spend lavish amounts on clothes and jewelry, including 1380:, which drew Russia's attention away from the Ottoman Empire. Enjoying his freedom to act, Mahmud ordered his troops to "destroy all the inhabitants fit to carry arms". Reportedly, Caradja intervened to warn the Porte that Russia was not yet defeated: "Mahmoud caught the hint, his ferocious orders were countermanded, and the Servians [ 528:, and also made some efforts to reintegrate disgruntled nationalists into his administration. Though he continued his lavish spending, Caradja became aware that an accounting audit would result in his deposition and death; during his final months in power, he cut down taxes and announced reforms. He also sought to appease the 960:. While announcing that the people could expect more leniency, he was in fact focused on distributing all lucrative offices among his own Phanariote associates. As reported by memoirist Ștefan Scarlat Dăscălescu, both Caradja and Callimachi had with them "hordes of famished Greeks", reserving them the offices of 1386:] were spared." His contribution to rescuing Serb civilians is "attested by several sources." Also in July 1813, the Prince began persecuting more Wallachian dissenters, including Grigore D. Ghica and Constantin Bălăceanu, by having them sent into exile—the former internally, the latter to the more remote 1211:

of grain be robbed away from the peasant producers. Manuc alleges that Caradja similarly confiscated 250,000 sheep, which was 100,000 more than the Ottomans had required of him, and that he sold off the difference at a profit. During this interval, the Prince also obtained and expanded privileges for

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as his family chapel; he ordered the construction of a covered footbridge leading directly from the palace and into that building, tearing down part of its south wall. It was in this new residence that Caradja held court as chief justice of Wallachia. The procedures were witnessed in February 1813 by

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Recordon's accounts suggest that most Wallachian natives, including boyars, were not served by the institutional modernization, being entirely illiterate in their native language. The years 1816–1817 gave rise to disputes over this issue: increasingly nationalist boyars demanded a dedicated Romanian

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set up the Philodramatic Society of Athens. According to a report by A. Bouchon, the Phanariote Princes found themselves shunned by the egalitarian Athenians. For this reason, Bouchon argues, Rallou married the commoner Konstantinos Kolokotronis. This is corrected in other accounts, which note that

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In April 1816, Senfft reported news that an anti-Caradja plot had been uncovered in Bucharest. He later questioned whether this had actually happened, but a Wallachian archival document confirmed that a coup had indeed been prepared by a "revolutionary organization". During June, Senfft transmitted

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to Nectarie's nephew, Galaction. Caradja took a reported 650,000 piasters from this deal, while Gregory Soutzos, who had helped seal it, received 25,000. A later record by the same Manuc suggests that Caradja extorted Nectarie, obtaining from him (and in fact from the Church itself) an annual bribe

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received guarantees from the Ottoman court that all Manucs would be allowed to leave Wallachia unharmed. In the end, Caradja only obtained that Manuc be stripped, illegally so, of his own status as Dragoman. That office eventually went to Michael Soutzos, who took a monthly bribe of 80,000 piasters

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adding that he now favored "solitude" and "full equality" with his fellow citizens. Caradja's Goldoni translations saw print in two editions: the first one came out at Nafplio in 1834; the second one in Athens four years later. A report by publicist Gábor Kazinczy claims that, by 1837, he had also

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village—which was by then a hub for foreign immigration. Meanwhile, Samurcaș alerted his liege about Manuc's conspiracy to have him removed; Caradja followed up by increasing the bribes he sent to Mahmud, and also by dispatching more of his assets to safety in Austria. During November 1816, he and

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combined with heraldic unicorns from Prince John's family arms (the first local example of a practice borrowed from Western European traditions). Its Romanian successor is instead decorated with the respective symbols of "faith, hope, love, and knowledge: the anchor overlaying the cross, the open

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As remembered by Dăscălescu, Caradja's disappearance "once he had absorbed enough bounties" was not followed by "any sort of troubles in the country". In reality, the vacancy led to diplomatic conflicts and to a lasting political uncertainty: Strogonov made the case that, as per the international

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to one favoring local producers, increasing the exports tenfold. Dobrescu notes in passing that Caradja's policy of continuing exports of food throughout his reign made these more affordable for the locals as well. By contrast, Manuc accuses the administration of irregularities in this respect as

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was whipped and exiled for having assaulted his own father, with Caradja reminding him that the usual punishment involved the amputation of both arms. Believing himself a murder suspect, the young boyar Dimitrie Foti Merișescu recalls his terror at ending up as Caradja's prisoner: "on quite a few

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Little is known about John himself before the age of 55, when he took over as Great Dragoman; an oil portrait, probably done in 1795 (four years after Nicholas' death) shows him wearing the clothes of a high Ottoman dignitary, though it remains unclear whether he actually held any offices at that

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Patrinelis suggests that John Caradja's Romanian reputation was deserved, since Caradja, arriving to Wallachia at the peak of "administrative turpitude", "surpassed all his confrères in avarice". Ionașcu argues that he was overall a "vulgar spirit" with "reactionary" ideas, who could only garner

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Konstantinos. Both were indignant at the outcome, and opted to return to Pisa, where they remained until the revolution could fully succeed. The Prince himself endorsed Kapodistrias. Emerging as Greece's governor in 1827, he was granted 50,000 francs by Caradja. The latter continued to supervise

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Alexandros Mavrokordatos had also joined this "Phanariote colony", but seemed to snub his liege: "One would be hard pressed to find in Europe a minister who would speak in front of their sovereign". Candolle describes Caradja himself as able to converse in French, but "less informed of European

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The Manuc affair was soon forgotten, largely because Samurcaș changed his attitude and vouched for Caradja's innocence. According to historian Ion Ionașcu, "he responded just as Caradja himself would have answered, had the Porte been looking into his affairs." Manuc himself still championed the

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during the plague, reports that rural areas were quickly pacified for fear of Caradja's "strictness": "should anyone happen to have dropped something along the roads, nobody would pick it up, and there were no thieves to speak of." Caradja was also involved in advancing precautions against other

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that he commanded the allegiance of some 300 Serb and Bulgarian volunteers. Caradja's flight also deepened conflicts between Romanian nationalists and Phanariotes: immediately after, a delegation of boyars unsuccessfully demanded that all boyar dignities be assigned to men who could prove their

2363:, who showed it to Strogonov in January 1819. In it, the Prince argued that he had been left with no choice but to flee. Strogonov still declared himself upset by the Soutzos appointments, and, in March, considered asking Caradja to present his version of the events before Emperor Alexander, in 2167:

credited Manuc's notes on Caradja, and publicly shamed the latter by refusing to visit Bucharest and accept a bribe. He then made complex efforts to stop Caradja from inventing new taxes, but also to prevent Mahmud from simply replacing him with another Phanariote. This prompted the Ottomans to

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and other Ottoman fiscal instruments, totaling 2 million thalers, alongside undisclosed sums in presents and bribes; the national revenue, meanwhile, was 5.9 million thalers. In documenting the Prince's rapacity for Manuc, Filipescu contended that Caradja had taken almost 10 million piasters in

1785:", initially rallied around Constantin Filipescu. This move also channeled support from middle-class Greeks such as Fotino, who had come to despise "Phanariotism" as the proxy of Ottoman despotism. In that context, Manuc advised Russia to mount additional pressures on Caradja. He suggested that 1449:

neighborhood, syndicates of beggars and undertakers, identified by their red scarves, unceremoniously executed the sick or simply left them to die in the open field, after taking their valuables. The phenomenon was noted by Caradja himself in October 1813, when he ordered the arrest of a plague

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these past five years, and the Turks are preparing to have him slashed". Moreover, the Ottoman court had been made aware that Caradja was in contact with the Eteria, and that this intrigue was being facilitated by Russian diplomats in Wallachia. At some point in 1818, Caradja and Callimachi's

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category. Manuc also reports that Caradja was averse to any tax privileges still enjoyed by commercial towns—indifferent to their spoliation under Russian rule, he collected 1.8 million piasters from this group of localities alone. An 1815 note by diarist Asănache Lipianu informs that Caradja

1589:, though still maintaining "an uneven combination on enlightened principles and medieval privileges." Literary scholar Nicolae Liu similarly notes that Caradja shared the Enlightenment's ambition "of achieving the 'common good' or 'general welfare' by legislative means"; he underscores that 1123:

Argyropoulos, who pressured Wallachian citizens into paying an additional contribution of 2.1 million piasters, claiming that these were upkeep they still owed to the Russian troops. Manuc also claims that Caradja and Argyropoulos never paid their dues in this respect, keeping the money for

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notes that Caradja's translations were important cultural landmarks, for completing "the first phase of Goldoni's reception in Greece, under the auspices of the Enlightenment", but also that they were never used for actual stage productions. Puchner himself discovered and in the library of

1035:, recalls of his visit in May 1813: "The first sight I caught upon reaching outer Bucharest was this: two men impaled, but still alive, and another one likewise hung by the neck." As seen by Dăscălescu, these punishments had little effect in curbing crime, especially since brigands or 1580:

and local customs, defining the relations between these two sources. According to Dăscălescu, the result was mediocre, though not entirely pointless "had here been someone to apply them properly". Historian Constantin Iordachi proposes that, in its function as a compilation of

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From his place of exile in Transylvania, Manuc sought to convince the Porte that Caradja was a bad asset: "this character has collected 4,000 bags of gold within eight months; yet nobody bothers to look into that." Also according to Manuc, Caradja simply sold off the office of

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political affairs through Mavrokordatos. In a letter from 1826, he speaks about "my unfortunate son-in-law Michalakis ", highlighting "his arrogance and his complete stupidity", and warning his own partisans that Soutzos wanted to take over as ruler of Greece, with help from

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of Oltenia. During November of that year, Prussian diplomat Ludwig Senfft von Pilsach noted Caradja's optimism, which contrasted the "restless and skittish passion" of his supervisors at the Porte. This referred to Caradja's belief that European peace would be secured by the

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were fixed at 12 days a year, with two more days added for plowing the fields. This number could not be reduced by the landowners themselves. Some articles upheld and extended the view that peasants could not own any property, effectively transforming their contract into an

2930:, two years after her sister Roxani; by then, Eleni had married Baron de Rouen, who served as France's Ambassador in Greece. Two Caradja or Karatzas branches have emerged from John's two sons. Konstantinos turned to support the Ottoman Empire, serving as its Ambassador to 2552:

recalls that the aging former Prince, who shared his home with Vlahutzi, made few public appearances—including one for Otto's second visit, in December 1834, when he rode a horse and wore an "imposing attire". As Ross notes, he was living on a much-reduced allowance, with

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Historian Paul Cernovodeanu provides an overview of Caradja's political legacy: he notes that, unlike his uncle Nicholas, who enjoyed a sound reputation in Wallachian literary sources, John was vilified and cursed as the "great predator". This image was codified first by

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and "married him off to the impoverished daughter of a Greek man". In practice, the system only specified death as the penalty for three major crimes (premeditated murder, robbery, and counterfeiting), but both it and torture could be applied at the Prince's pleasure.

2679:, who taught for a while at the princely academy, praised the Bucharest court of 1816 as a "true refuge of Hellenism". However, he later grew dissatisfied with the quality of teaching, and emigrated to Moldavia. Later dedications to the Prince include one by novelist 884:, Caradja surpassed all Phanariote candidates in being both "greedy and unrepentant" with his quest for the throne. Mahmud finally awarded Caradja his throne on 27 August 1812, though he only presented him with the ceremonial fur hat on 22 October, at a time when the 2304:. According to historian Bogdan Bucur, while in exile Caradja "lived off his huge fortune, which consoled him regarding his prudent abdication." Most funds had been transferred into Western banks (some 30 million piasters were moved by the Geymüller House to the 10011: 1629:. The code also broke with Byzantine tradition as interpreted locally by not providing any grounds for the punishment of treason—though its original form, preserved in Greek fragments, specified that the Prince had a final say in all matters, and could invoke 1281:

Caradja had more trouble in dealing with Manuc, to whom he owed 175,000 piasters, borrowed early on by Argyropoulos. He sacked his confidants from the offices at the court, but was unable to lure Manuc himself, who was, or pretended to be, bedridden with

1071:, which he then sent as a thank-you bribe to Sultan Mahmud. When Fleischhackl had his first audience with the Prince, he found himself pestered by the latter's retinue, and only stopped them from following him by paying them bribes totaling 387 piasters. 2125:, of which he kept 18 million; 70 million "went over to the sultan, to his ministers, and to the Phanariotes". Manuc argued that the sum was much much smaller, though still surpassing the 14 million piasters that were accounted for with receipts. 1966:. During these final years in office, Caradja was sometimes troubled by excess spending, encouraging boyars to adopt habits that were both less wasteful and less Oriental; in March 1815, he banned a card game which went locally by the name of 667:. In the 1560s, when one of Constantine Karatzas' daughters married an Ottoman potentate, Skarlatos "Iskerlet" Beylicci, she signalled the family's political ascent; a century later, Constantine's descendant, Costache Caragea, was serving as 1409:

who could enter Bucharest, and, from August, also a formal curse on Wallachians who failed to abide by the rules. He took a special interest in Jewish affairs, discriminating against those coming in from other parts of Europe, classified as

2585: 2874:, and was seen by art historian Vasile Georgescu Paleolog as a likely work by Dionisie Eclesiarhul (done in his official capacity as church calligrapher). As a patron of high art in the Western fashion, Caradja stood out for sponsoring 2459:, which saw Vladimirescu briefly taking power as Wallachia's governor. The movement for Greek emancipation was indeed supported financially by the former Prince, whom some Pisan Greeks wished to see emerging as a political leader of 1286:. Manuc's secretary, Mser Mseriants, recounts three meetings between his employer and the Prince, claiming that Caradja's pressures eventually drove Manuc into a permanent exile. Mseriants also provides details on Caradja ordering 1009:

a foreign visitor, Count Auguste de Lagarde, who commented on Caradja's nepotism and corruption: "he gave boyar offices to a few commoners who had paid large sums for their diploma and ended this memorable session by breaking his

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on 20 June, which "must have filled with joy Prince Caradja's soul". Meanwhile, the Sultan considered ending the affair with a violent coup in Bucharest. Merișescu reports being tipped off that "your prince has not paid his

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headgear that he measures as "at least five feet across". As one of his first acts in power, Caradja called on his friend Fleischhackl, who was serving as Austrian consul in Bucharest, to help him import 100 pounds of

1050:'s envoy to Wallachia, who recalled that Caradja made sure to avoid relevant diplomatic subjects, instead of focusing on showing his court as both splendid and peaceful—"he proved to me that the role of king [ 1450:

survivor who organized beggars and undertakers into roving bands of robbers. It was also curbed by the victims themselves: in one reported incident, ten undertakers were killed by those whom they intended to kidnap.

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Acte și fragmente cu privire la istoria românilor, adunate din depozitele de manuscrise ale Apusului. Volumul 2: Extracte din corespondența ambasadorilor prusieni la Constantinopol și Petersburg cu privire la Țerile

6788: 1151:, by some 7,000 people, who were very briefly reintegrated with the general population. According to Manuc, Caradja's system was self-defeating, since the administration took money to remove other people from the 1031:

Saturdays, he would impale thieves. also on Saturdays, the convicts imprisoned, in some cases, he would chop their arms off with an axe, in others he would carve out their noses and ears". A Moldavian youth,

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Evreii în societatea și conștiința istorică românească. Reuniunea științifică din 29 mai 2003 consacrată împinirii a douăzeci și cinci de ani de la înființarea Centrului pentru Studiul Istoriei Evreilor din

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revisited Golescu's account, noting: "its details on the savage taxation and exploitation are funny in that bitter way, their humor thick as well as irresistible." A similar work, tentatively attributed to

512:, the Prince successfully isolated himself and his court, while the general population was left to deal with the effects. During the period of recovery, Caradja adopted more lenient positions consonant with 2906:

book, and inside the book a heart that gives rise to a flame." In both versions, and in other contexts, Caradja made ample use of a seal which showed Wallachian arms alongside the local symbols of all 17

2515:". In Wallachia, the Greek and Romanian uprisings ended with the enthronement of Grigore D. Ghica; during this reign, Brâncoveanu allied himself with Vlahutzi, allegedly contributing to an 1826 revolt in 434:. Caradja, whose life is relatively obscure up to that point, held two terms as Dragoman (1807–1808, 7–27 August 1812). Before 1800, he also embarked on a literary career, participating in the spread of 7199: 2502:

During his final decades, Caradja was politically and culturally loyal to the Greek state—and "the first of many Phanariots to settle in Greece." In late 1829, he was living in that state's capital of

2355:, were confiscated. Meanwhile, Ciorogârla Domnească was auctioned off to cover some of the budgetary losses created by its owner's departure. It was purchased by Constantin Varlaam for 750,000 thalers. 10031: 9996: 1851:

and ostentatiously rode beneath the windows of the princely court". Caradja ordered her stripped down in case she would re-offend, though she was never apprehended. Eventually, the Prince appointed

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announced that he was working on a play about Princess Rallou and the 1813 plague, but ultimately abandoned this project. One of the later literary works taking inspiration from Caradja's reign is

1141:(contributing families or persons), which he intended to raise to 50,000 units from some 18,000. Though he was unable to reach this end goal, he reduced the number of tax-exempt subjects, known as 1004:. He quickly transformed these into a makeshift palace that stood out for "bringing together all styles of Europe and Turkey", with frescoes done by Italian artist Alberto Giacometti. Caradja used 2121:(though Caradja still sold off the rights to other bidders, in August 1817). Langeron claims that, overall, Caradja had "squeezed that unfortunate province " of 93 million piasters, or 50 million 1789:'s government collect on its 1812 debt, which, Manuc argued, would result in the downfall of Halet Efendi and his entire "Austrian" clique. Manuc also claimed that he was in regular contact with 1901:

Georgios, introduced his mother and sisters to his Wallachian mistress, who had deserted her husband and six children to obtain that position. Georgios was married to Smaragda, a member of the

2300:

in a Swiss city, and with his unwillingness to cut down on luxuries, he began selling his silver on the open market. He was also able to recover and sell off his jewels, which were handled by

752:, noting that this position brought Caradja into contact with a diplomatic agent of the Habsburgs, Franz von Fleischhackl. During 1792–1793, Ypsilantis published the military training manual 6444:

Cazacu, p. 27; Luiza Marinescu, "Caragealii: interferențe și coabitări tematice în opera unei dinastii literare", in Luminița Botoșineanu, Elena Dănilă, Cecilia Holban, Ofelia Ichim (eds.),

1458:

disasters, such as his June 1814 order that all shopkeepers in Bucharest keep and maintain firefighting implements. That same month, he upset the boyars by absentmindedly granting a plot in

802:

from 1812, while the youngest, Smaragda, married Spyridon Demetrios Mavrogenis; John and Eleni's two sons were called Georgios and Konstantinos (the latter of whom was born "around 1799").

1970:. Westernization at the court also tied John Caradja and his daughter to the history of flying machines in Wallachia. On 26 June 1818, they were probably present as "some Germans" flew a 1913:

as alms during their wedding ceremony. Merișescu reports that another one of Caradja's young relatives, Dimitri, married a promiscuous boyaress, Zoe Băleanu, whom he took to his villa in

1473:'s emissaries in Bucharest, including Ledoulx. Mahmud's victory in Serbia was celebrated by Caradja and his court in November 1813; in December, the Prince agreed to welcome in Wallachia 1462:, Bucharest to the clergy serving his court. He was forced to withdraw his donation upon being informed that it was exclusively reserved for impaling malefactors or their severed heads. 1425:

Hostile accounts suggest that Caradja was in fact responsible for bringing the disease to Bucharest, with his Phanariote entourage. The Prince himself survived by locking himself inside

8132: 1185:

of several counties were blocking the export of food and timber to Rumelia, promoting the intervention of Ottoman authorities. As a result of these, Caradja dispatched 300 loggers into

6927:

Constantin Iordachi, "From Imperial Entanglements to National Disentanglement: the 'Greek Question' in Moldavia and Wallachia, 1611–1863", in Roumen Daskalov, Tchavdar Marinov (eds.),

3002:

Other than supporting his daughter, Caradja had an indirect contribution to Romanian literary culture by bringing with him to Bucharest a Greek immigrant cook, who was the ancestor of

2630:

had coined the saying "thefts as in Karadzas' time" (Patrinelis' rendition). This depiction is also found in pamphlets put out by several Wallachian boyars, including an 1818 piece by

8422: 9284: 2152:. Halet wrote that Mahmud was well pleased by Karađorđe's murder and that the privately thanked his Wallachian vassal for facilitating it—though this was not necessarily factual. 1524:; from 1816, Ștefan Nestor Craiovescul became the academy's only Romanian teacher. The school was moved to a new location in Măgureanu Church and placed under a Greek philosopher, 10216: 1520:, under the presidency of Metropolitan Nectarie. The trustees were both Phanariotes, such as Grigore D. Ghica and Caradja's nephew Alexandros Mavrokordatos, and Romanians such as 996:

The Prince only made his official entry into Bucharest on 24 December. He opted not to use the building as his residence, and instead rented two boyar homes, one of them owned by

764:. Turkologist Johann Strauss argues that Caradja may have been the work's secondary author. 21st-century archival research has uncovered Caradja's contribution as a translator of 7299: 2360: 850: 2195:

Arriving at Bucharest as the new Russian consul, Alexander Pini reputedly enjoyed a steady friendship with the Prince, much to Manuc's chagrin. The latter died unexpectedly at

9503: 1800:, who ordered that Caradja be regarded as a suspect. Russian diplomats who had backed his regime, including Italinski, were reportedly sacked during the investigation, while 8285: 2169: 941:: " scores of calamities, with thousands of cattle big and small, as well as people, being wiped out by the weather which caught them out on the fields, or on the roads." 9508: 7690: 1593:, along with other codes of the era, "intended to impose the image of certain Phanariote princes as 'trustees of the country' with a paternalistic regard for the people". 2280:, recalled in 1862 that they spent an entire year in the city. The same memoirist was intrigued and amused by Caradja's family, noting the Princess Eleni was obese, that 10307: 6523: 2902: 2316:. He enjoyed an unusually deep level of protection from the Tuscan authorities, with censors intervening to remove all criticism of Caradja from the local newspapers. 10372: 9483: 8219: 3096:

in 1964. A heavily fictionalized Phanariote rule, with elements from both Caradja's historical reign and Filimon's interpretation of it, forms the narrative matter in

2359:

treaties in place, the Ottomans needed to establish Caradja's guilt before finding him a replacement. Caradja left an explanatory letter that reached the Grand Vizier

3118: 2705:

and the other verse works, which he prepared for publication in 2014. Instead, Caradja had a lasting association with historical events central to the development of

1251:

to send Caradja regular digests of the goings-on in world politics, with subtle indications of what Austria desired from Wallachia. These events closely followed the

7893: 2647:

wanted to set up a "New Greece" in Wallachia, which required them to decimate the boyar population. Unusually, a hill called Karadjaua or Carageaua is found outside

1508:

Before and after the plague, Caradja was interested in maintaining his profile as a cultural reformer. During June 1813, he lifted all tax duties on one church from

9991: 4987: 2451:

among its celebrity guests. A contemporary account by a Wallachian known only as Popovici alleges that the former monarch and his associate Kapodistrias also ran a

1756:'s removal, arguing that the prince Caradja, following these two conspiracies which prove the hatred brought on by his avarice, cannot be maintained in his place". 9587: 8193: 8092: 7685: 7649: 2013:, published in 1797). Rallou's father was also in the audience: "Everybody stood at attention for Prince Caradja, who came to see his daughter Ralu disguised as a 1134:; within six months of office, Caradja had him replaced with a more compliant Constantin Filipescu. Brâncoveanu's ouster was in itself a highly unpopular gesture. 2006: 9562: 8265: 5138: 2680: 1429:. According to Manuc, his venality hampered the relief efforts, which were mostly run by Nenciulescu and private physicians who only took some payments from the 1274:, and Manuc Bei, whom he probably tried to lure into an assassination trap. The former deed was praised by Mahmud, who rewarded Caradja with a diamond-encrusted 1267: 486: 4343:

Nicolae Vătămanu, "Știri mărunte despre Bucureștii veacului al XIX-lea (Cișmeaua Roșie, locul osîndei, tunurile Meridiane, 'birja' și birjile bucureștene)", in

2965: 1815:, who kept the Prince's more accurate and secret records, and who retained for himself part of the boyar salaries. Bellu used such funds in land speculation in 1124:

themselves while also trading away the cattle and grain that had been nominally requisitioned by Russia. The policies were not fully endorsed by the Wallachian

10302: 9784: 7888: 7665: 7309: 2058: 1852: 1453:

The Wallachian administration was able to assist in the relief against plague-related brigandage by again applying state terror. Merișescu, who wandered about

1160:. More arbitrary demands were made against Russophile boyars such as Alecu Nenciulescu, who had to sell his Bucharest townhouse to Fleischhackl in July 1815. 858: 1978:

in downtown Bucharest—the result of a wager, in which the Prince lost 10,000 thalers that the contraption would never take off. According to a record kept at

9667: 8671: 8064: 6704: 1991: 655:. The clan was attested within the Phanariote community during the mid-16th century; shortly after, their careers became intertwined with the history of the 7102: 2068:, the effort was "surprisingly modern" in advancing standards for staff selection and student examinations. From March 1818, this project was taken over by 1863:. The events were recounted to Kapodistrias by Manuc, who was informed in return that Russia did not consider them worthy of attention. Rumors passed on by 696:

consular reports, Nicholas, ultimately sacked by the Ottomans for "having neglected the upkeep of bridges throughout Wallachia", was somewhat supportive of

7670: 2706: 1793:

Filipescu and Samurcaș, both of them double-dealers who had kept full records of Caradja's fraudulent accounting. In mid-1816, these reports were heard by

933:

of 1802. Bucharesters openly rejoiced in the news, but merely because it signaled the end of a detested Russian presence: "Stuffed dolls, dressed like the

748:(September 1790); in early 1792, he visited Prussia and performed similar duties. Historian Arnold Winckler describes Caradja as the secretary to Dragoman 6962: 6646:, Vol. 2, Issue 6, 2012, pp. 4–5. See also Mihaela Grancea, "Filmul istoric românesc în proiectul construcției 'națiunii socialiste' (1965–1989)", in the 3048: 2640: 2005:. It is remembered as "the first professional (Greek-language) theatrical troupe in the Romanian lands." Her effort was probably backed by a grand boyar, 1477:, who were to compensate for victims of the plague. This plan was only partly carried through: in June 1815, members of the new Serb colonies in Craiova, 571:, publishing editions of his translations from Goldoni, and dedicating himself to advancing theatrical life in general. He remained generally vilified in 10387: 9086: 8059: 8034: 7868: 7383: 6566: 2922:

preserves an anonymous drawing showing Caradja, in his Pisan period, with Eleni Argyropoulos, his young granddaughter. Her mother Rallou died in 1870 at

2164: 1494: 1240: 2440:

alongside the Moldavian Teodor Negri. Once there, he united his efforts with his Mavrokordatos cousin, who also represented Prince John and the Pisans.

1572:. The Prince's views on law and taxation were codified into the updated version of Wallachia's statutory law, published in 1818 and known thereafter as 10402: 9324: 8148: 2822: 2631: 1979: 1906: 1521: 1291: 701: 3123: 2875: 10282: 9289: 8183: 7858: 7770: 7755: 3131: 3082: 2214: 845:

was consolidating his reign; P. Soutsos later recounted that, during his tenure, he managed to persuade Mahmud not to carry a murderous purge of the

664: 7029: 2644: 1812: 9515: 8439: 8406: 1043: 2793: 1326: 853:, himself noted for his literary translations, took over John's position as Grand Dragoman. John's own prospects changed for the better after the 9690: 7883: 7184: 6432: 4599: 3093: 2245:, Caradja took his family on a what appeared to be a leisurely carriage trip outside Bucharest. Instead, they fled for the Transylvanian city of 813:

attempting to recover its losses with increased taxation, while the Principalities became a target for competition between the Habsburgs and the

810: 2272:

informing that Caradja had with him some 15 servants an armed guard, and probably 50 million piasters as bounty. He and his relatives stayed at

2051:("no can do, my liege"). In 1816, responding to demands made by Fleischhackl, the Prince banned a secretive society, called "Brotherhood of the 1958:, which they presented to the court. Caradja is said to have hated the taste, but Rallou greatly enjoyed it. Boyaresses were quick to adopt the 982: 10297: 10169: 9743: 9409: 8901: 8079: 6449: 1729:

of the local Paraschiva Church, though this was more likely built decades before his reign. Also in 1815, there was an attempted revolt by the

583:. Following John's death, the Caradjas split into Ottoman–Romanian and Greek branches, respectively led by his sons Konstantinos and Georgios. 7167:

N. I. Simache, "Unele aspecte ale situației țăranilor din fostul județ al Secuenilor în primii ani după aplicarea Regulamentului organic", in

2064:

In December 1817, Caradja relented to nationalist pressures and created a Romanian-language school within the academy. According to historian

1618:

was noted in particular for expanding on the previous code of 1780 by introducing more duties to be levied on Wallachia's peasant population.

10427: 10292: 6052: 2946:. It includes another Georgios Karatzas, who was the Greek Ambassador to Switzerland. Through his daughter Smaragda, the Prince had grandson 2635: 2852:

Caradja honored Wallachia's Orthodox tradition by allowing himself to appear in frescoes, including at Saints Nicholas and Andrew Church in

10397: 3102: 1193: 9900: 9473: 4985:

Ioan Massoff, "Unde s'a băut întâia oară bere în București. Pățania unor ofițeri ruși. — Domnița Ralu și berea lui Iohan, zis Neamțu", in

2576:

Kolokotronis' wife was not Prince John's daughter, but rather that of his son Georgios. The Prince himself spent his final years battling

888:

was killing 3,000 Istanbul residents each day. During these dates, regal power in Wallachia was held by Rallou's husband Argyropoulos, as

9763: 7403: 6817: 2261: 1357: 548: 2571:

Caradja's involvement with the development of modern Greek theater continued into the early 1840s, when he helped his daughter's friend

1056:], which he had only been playing for two months, was neither hard nor unpleasant." Ledoulx reports that the court included boyars, 10120: 2943: 10392: 10382: 8153: 7238:"'Curls and Forelocks': Romanian Women's Emancipation in Consumption and Fashion, 1780–1850", in Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu (ed.), 6994:, "L'oraison funèbre prononcée à l'enterrement de l'ancien Prince-régnant Jean Caradja par le maire d'Athènes, Panayoti Soutzos", in 3325:

Johann Strauss, "What Was (Really) Translated in the Ottoman Empire? Sleuthing Nineteenth-century Ottoman Translated Literature", in

1126: 310: 6839:

Lucian Cruceanu, "Puncte de vedere referitoare la problema grupărilor politice în perioada premergătoare revoluției de la 1821", in

10377: 1173:. Both Manuc and chronicler Ioan Dobrescu describe these moves as the factor behind a major exodus of Wallachians into neighboring 3036:, who argued that his showcasing of plays in Greek served to cultivate the "primitive people" of Wallachia. Filimon's 1862 novel, 1859:, deposing and publicly humiliating Constantin Filipescu; in March 1817, he had the whole Filipescu family arrested and exiled to 1290:

to seize Manuc's assets and children, but notes that Soutzos failed in both attempts. This was largely because the Russian consul

10417: 10317: 10312: 9329: 8280: 7376: 2565: 2492: 2160: 2047:

debates were heated, with Caradja pretending to seek expert counsel from Benjamin on each new proposal, and receiving the answer

1437:, provides additional coverage on the epidemic and the panic which is created. Together, mortality and flight left Bucharest and 10412: 10332: 10287: 2284:

Konstantinos was highly incompetent, and that Rallou, though stylish, was unable to carry a conversation—as noted by historian

689: 1163:

The Prince exercised increasingly violent pressures on those rural areas that still organized into autonomous communities, or

10342: 8636: 8029: 7261: 7247: 7207: 7072: 7054: 6940: 6712: 6457: 6209: 5150: 4401: 3342: 3229: 2588:, and his funeral had to be postponed for two days, allowing deputies to participate in both events. The service was held at 1489:, the Prince endorsed Russian orders to expel Ledoulx and his staff from Wallachia, which inaugurated a lasting dispute with 885: 637: 501: 6881:

Voleta-Anca Epure, "Personalitatea lui Napoleon Bonaparte, războaiele napoleoniene și ecoul lor în Principatele Române", in

5961:

M. M. H., "Cronica. Activitatea folcloristică internațională. Folcloriștii greci despre cercetările noastre de folclor", in

3510:

Ionașcu, pp. 49–50; Rizo-Rangabé, p. 4. See also Iorga (1896), pp. 487–488, 490–491; Negrău, pp. 132–133; Winckler, pp. 3–4

9354: 8981: 8308: 8275: 7913: 7873: 7087:

Roxana Patraș, "Mitul haiducului 'național': Iancu Jianu în folclor și în re-medieri artistice din secolul al XIX-lea", in

7041:

Claudiu Neagoe, "Tradiționalism și modernitate în societatea și muzica românească (1750–1830)", in Laurențiu Rădvan (ed.),

2977: 2479: 1801: 881: 2443:

As noted by Hellenist Nestor Camariano, Prince John's residence in Pisa was "not unlike France's famous salons", counting

1986:. A similar experiment had taken place in Moldavia in 1816, making this the second balloon flight in either Principality. 10407: 10176: 9921: 9314: 9051: 8333: 7792: 7765: 1304: 1016:

Immediately after his enthronement, Caradja was becoming known to locals as harsh and swift in carrying out justice. His

952:. Still without entering the city, he curbed all celebrations, making sure that the high-ranking country aristocracy, or 2217:

and asked them to form a regency council while he absented Bucharest "for reasons he did not care to disclose to them."

10357: 10352: 10127: 8323: 8318: 8290: 7780: 7369: 2919: 2508: 1416:, but protecting Jewish guilds. Also in 1813, he appointed a naturalized guild-master, Haim Herș, as community leader ( 1192:

In other ways, the Prince tried to mitigate the unwanted effects of Ottoman policies. When the Austrian authorities of

741: 1649:

was perturbed by immediate Ottoman demands. Caradja was forced to ask the Austrians for the right to import food from

10327: 10322: 8361: 8328: 7964: 7785: 7736: 7717: 7148: 6893:

Frământările politice și sociale în Principatele Române de la 1821 la 1828 (Așezământul Cultural Ion C. Brătianu XIX)

6862: 4746: 4404:; Dumitru Grama, "Dispute politico-juridice vis-a-vis de anexarea Moldovei de Est în 1812 de către Imperiul Rus", in 4131:

Theodor N. Trâpcea, "Contribuțiuni la istoria românilor din Peninsula Balcanică. Românii dintre Timoc și Morava", in

3676: 2737: 2520: 878: 854: 478: 3331:

Migrating Texts. Circulating Translations around the Ottoman Mediterranean (Edinburgh Studies on the Ottoman Empire)

2580:, which almost killed him in 1843; he remained active, and during these final months, was spotted on a visit to the 2092: 2039:

section at the princely academy, but Caradja and Benjamin of Lesbos were very much opposed. As recounted by scholar

757: 10347: 6761:"Trois lettres de Jean Capodistria, ministre des affaires étrangères de Russie, envers Manouk Bey (1816–1817)", in 3492:

P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13 & (2003), p. 74; Popa, p. 31. See also Rizo-Rangabé, p. 40, which has "29 August"

2323:

took over as Prince, the Sultan issued a decree that only four clans of Phanariotes, including two branches of the

2137: 2061:, was a French émigré portraitist with liberal sympathies, who had extended membership to like-minded Wallachians. 1959: 953: 685: 350: 135: 7722: 993:

during its use as a field hospital. The place burned down on 22 December, shortly after having been refurbished.

10337: 10267: 8427: 8401: 8188: 8087: 8004: 2897:

rather than Bucharest. The Christopoulos–Höpfel edition, one copy of which was donated by Caradja himself to the

2581: 2436:

in April. His brother Konstantinos was one of the few Wallachian Phanariotes to join in the fighting, sailing to

2429: 1490: 1307:

to Nectarie, a "wicked man that the country did not love", as well as a "drunk", and similarly auctioned off the

9956: 9468: 2584:. He finally died of the disease, in Athens, on the morning of 27 December 1844. This event overlapped with the 10362: 9433: 8521: 7750: 7046: 6920:

Ion Ionașcu, "Politica fiscală a lui Ioan-Vodă Caragea oglindită în corespondența inedită a lui Manuc-Bei", in

3277:

Negrău, pp. 130–131; Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 39, 73, 74. See also Karadja & Soutsos, p. 237; Iorga (1913), p. 193

1406: 6223:, "Cuvîntul cititorilor. Ecouri. Pe marginea unei ipoteze: Dionisie Eclesiarhul, caligraf și miniaturist", in 651:

and Epaminonda Stamatiade believe that they acquired their aristocratic rank and surname while serving in the

10262: 9825: 9767: 8112: 7828: 7813: 7094: 6140: 4932:

Radu State, "Moralitate și imoralitate la familiile boierești din Țara Românească în perioada fanariotă", in

2675:. In 1814, Stephanos Partzoulas dedicated his pioneering textbook of French grammar to Caradja and Nectarie. 2305: 2210: 1630: 1517: 1260: 1170: 924: 525: 494: 7228:

Al. Vianu, S. Iancovici, "O lucrare inedită despre mișcarea revoluționară de la 1821 din țările romîne", in

7137:

Greek Theatre between Antiquity and Independence. A History of Reinvention from the Third Century BC to 1830

6736: 1485:

were petitioning the court to grant them passports and the right to leave Wallachia. After catching news of

628:, proposed that the first family was first attested in the 11th century when an Argyros Karatzas served the 8761: 7527: 4734: 2878:, who became his official portraitist; one of the Töpler works is also reproduced for the first edition of 2277: 1466: 1005: 824: 712:

in 1754, John had two brothers, Constantine and Skarlatos, and a sister, Eleni. Their mother Sultana was a

3077:("Singing the Blues")—written in 1940, but first performed only in 1967. The period was a core subject in 2337:, argued before Mahmud that Halet had forced Caradja to flee, by asking him to perform acts he defined as 1156:"burdened down the guilds as much as he could", while also ordering low-ranking boyars to pay a tax of 18 949: 877:, a "colossal sum" that he intended to recover from Wallachia's taxpayers. According to notes kept by the 10422: 10277: 10230: 9723: 9384: 8791: 8386: 8173: 8009: 7984: 7934: 7903: 7506: 7316: 7289: 7212:

Aristide Ștefănescu, "Cercetări istorice privind Biserica Cuvioasa Paraschiva, Domnești, jud. Ilfov", in

7023: 2540:". In May 1833, just weeks after the last Ottoman troops withdrew from the city, he welcomed in his home 2456: 2117:

bribes. These included 25,000 from Hagi Stănuță, who wanted to preserve his lease on the textile mill of

1512:, noting its efforts in educating the local children. In September 1814, he also set up a commission, or 415: 48: 9733: 7969: 3221: 2634:, advertised as "published at the expense of those who are still left with some money". In 1959, critic 2564:—though this account was since placed in doubt. According to Camariano, if Caradja ever translated from 1266:

asked to purge Wallachia of political figures seen as responsible for that debacle; the latter included

9753: 9448: 8896: 8606: 7908: 7898: 7775: 7637: 7546: 7254:

Tinerețile unui ciocoiaș. Viața lui Dimitrie Foti Merișescu de la Colentina scrisă de el însuși la 1817

7140: 6854: 6201: 5943:

Camariano (1942), pp. 646–647; Karadja & Soutsos, pp. 239–240; Negrău, p. 131; Puchner, pp. 255–256

3334: 2931: 2589: 2512: 2511:. According to the latter, he surrounded himself with "civilized" Philhellenes and habitually wore an " 2380: 2368: 2173: 1794: 1529: 1377: 1353: 1252: 721: 360: 37: 9926: 9905: 6570:, Vol. XI, Issue 17, April 1967, p. 7. See also Carol Isac, "Bloc notes. Marin lorda septuagenar", in 1701:

During the secondary plague outbreaks, Caradja and his court left Bucharest for the nearby village of

861:, and subsequently worked to become Wallachian Prince, hoping to outplay his powerful rivals from the 473:, and made possible by large sums of money that Caradja intended to recover from taxes. He arrived in 9895: 9221: 8496: 8396: 8300: 8024: 7680: 7464: 7392: 7343: 7268:

Arnold Winckler, "Inceputul domniei lui Vodă Caragea. După actele Archivelor Statului din Viena", in

7064: 6754:"Planurile revoluționare ale eteriștilor din București și colaborarea lor cu Tudor Vladimirescu", in 3398:

N. L. Korsakova, V. V. Noskov, "Список дипломатического корпуса в С. Петербурге. 21 января 1837", in

2397: 1373: 1111:

Initially, Caradja was successful in blocking out the Eastern plague, which during 1812 only touched

728:. Through this branch, he was also a distant descendant of native Moldavian royalty, leading back to 556: 461:, a time marked by political corruption, outside interference, and, increasingly, the affirmation of 9961: 6446:

Români majoritari / Români minoritari: interferențe și coabitări lingvistice, literare și etnologice

2523:

brought Wallachia and Moldavia into the Russian orbit, and established a new constitutional regime,

1885:

Konstantinos, created a stir by driving around in a deer-drawn sled which was decorated to resemble

1673:

in December 1815. During the latter outbreak, the Prince formed a permanent health committee led by

849:—as argued by C. J. Karadja, this information is probably false. In 1808–1809, a homonymous cousin, 9672: 9582: 9567: 9438: 9374: 9319: 9241: 9146: 8876: 8836: 8821: 8240: 8158: 7612: 7566: 6545:

Mircea Handoca, "Pentru o mai corectă înțelegere a condiției umane. Interviu cu Mircea Eliade", in

2890: 2367:. During those months, Olympios was preparing the grounds for an anti-Ottoman rebellion, informing 2345:

Georgios, whom the events had caught in Istanbul, implored the Sultan for clemency, and received a

2230: 1894: 1782: 1767: 1497:. Caradja became a champion of the Moldavian boyardom, which asked the great powers to endorse the 1231:

From the early days of his reign, Caradja also consolidated permanent links with Austria by making

965: 725: 684:, who preceded him as both Great Dragoman (1777–1782) and Wallachian Prince (1782); another uncle, 131: 10067: 9394: 7043:

Orașul din spațiul românesc între Orient și Occident. Tranziția de la medievalitate la modernitate

7034: 6867:

Roxana Dorobanțu-Dina, "Aspecte in viața societății românești în perioada regimului fanariot", in

6608: 6547: 6057: 5607:

Edip Uzundal, "Osmanlı İlmiye Teşkilatından Bir Portre: Şeyhülislam Halil Efendi ve Terekesi", in

3112: 2841: 2722: 2040: 1308: 10367: 10162: 9652: 9549: 9493: 9339: 9251: 8886: 8766: 8448: 8366: 8168: 7196:

Catalogul cărții românești vechi și rare din colecția Muzeului Municipiului București (1648–1829)

2545: 2460: 2148:, who were Karađorđe's contacts in Wallachia, but released both upon the discovery that they had 1642: 1565: 1334: 794:, born in 1799 at Istanbul, who married Georgios Argyropoulos (or Arghiropol); another daughter, 656: 564: 533: 458: 422:, who reigned between August 1812 and September 1818. He was the second, and last, member of the 10134: 10082: 6424: 5821: 2992: 2960:

was also part of Caradja's enduring legacy in Wallachia. Editions of it were co-sponsored by an

2301: 2238:

On the evening of 29 September (11 October) 1818, after having attended the funeral ceremony of

2017:." He was similarly interested in the dramatic arts, producing translations of various plays by 2009:, otherwise noted for his very first translation of a dramatic text into Romanian (two plays by 1074: 9748: 9041: 8931: 8911: 8906: 8891: 8881: 8776: 8756: 8741: 8706: 8656: 8581: 8536: 8526: 8511: 8391: 8381: 8376: 8163: 7853: 7336: 6896: 6412: 3993: 3920: 3029: 2668: 2417: 2309: 2297: 2129: 1843:

During February 1817, Caradja coaxed or threatened Nectarie and the boyars into writing him an

1735: 1601: 1345: 1338: 1244: 1177:; other forms of tax resistance were also experimented—in one incident, all the shopkeepers of 1013:

on a boyar of the court—a one-eyed man who stood accused of having insulted Princess Rallou".

790:(Prince of Wallachia in 1786–1789). The couple had five children. The best known among them is 749: 552: 513: 74: 6874:

Radu Economu, "1818, București: în Divanul țării. Pledoarie pentru învățămîntul românesc", in

2988:

would end up being publicly burned. Looking back on the Phanariote period in the early 1900s,

2334: 2327:, could ever expect to have members appointed to high office. On 12 October 1818, the Ottoman 1763: 1131: 10201: 10141: 10036: 9941: 9890: 9885: 9840: 9804: 9231: 9216: 9176: 9151: 9071: 9031: 8941: 8796: 8781: 8746: 8531: 7571: 7479: 7444: 7240:

Women, Consumption, and the Circulation of Ideas in South-Eastern Europe, 17th–19th Centuries

7008:

Nicolae Liu, "Orizont european în Iluminismul românesc. Francofonie și cultură franceză", in

6969:

Un cugetător politic moldovean dela jumătatea secolului al XIX-lea: Ștefan Scarlat Dăscălescu

3088:

The Prince and Rallou also portrayed by Stere Popescu and Cora Benador, respectively, in the

3061: 2973: 2951: 2597: 2308:). The Geymüller reserve became accessible to Caradja once he relocated to a new home in the 1797: 1609: 1213: 990: 782: 717: 563:. In his late sixties, he tried but failed to impose himself as a figure of influence in the 427: 339: 291: 9738: 5766: 5455: 2351:

granting him personal safety. The Caradja estates in Istanbul, including those owned by the

2155:

The Prince was still unable to meet the Ottomans' budgetary expectations, and, as historian

1446: 10257: 10252: 10021: 9809: 9728: 9662: 9657: 9530: 9498: 9414: 9404: 9369: 9299: 9236: 9196: 9106: 9011: 8921: 8856: 8846: 8831: 8801: 8721: 8711: 8691: 8681: 8676: 8591: 8576: 8556: 8541: 8516: 8491: 8270: 8252: 8233: 8122: 7994: 7944: 7760: 7326: 6734:"Texte și documente. Primele traduceri din B. de Saint-Pierre în literatura neogreacă", in 4838: 2972:

regime, which only completed its civil-law provisions, but was finally nullified under the

2748: 2714: 2619: 2525: 2475: 2468: 2448: 2413: 2385: 2077: 1804: 1778: 1434: 1271: 1232: 869:, formed in 1804 from parts of the older Habsburg realm, as well by the Ottoman intriguer, 765: 713: 462: 451: 435: 6717:

Ioan Vasile Buiu, "1873: primele ascensiuni aerostatice, cu om la bord, în București", in

2999:

had only served to "abide by the obscurity" which allowed Princes to act as they pleased.

1879:

The court itself continued to parade its opulence—in late 1817, Caradja's first-born son,

1542: 547:, Caradja took his family and fortune out of Wallachia in September 1818. He lived in the 8: 10272: 10016: 9835: 9830: 9799: 9708: 9642: 9612: 9607: 9597: 9399: 9379: 9171: 9116: 9096: 8966: 8816: 8786: 8731: 8726: 8716: 8696: 8666: 8601: 8561: 8506: 8461: 8371: 8351: 8102: 7999: 7878: 7731: 7627: 7532: 7221: 7015: 6959:

Istoria statelor balcanice în epoca modernă. Lecțiĭ ținute la Universitatea din Bucureștĭ

6929:

Entangled Histories of the Balkans. Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies

5086: 4843: 2947: 2907: 2871: 2744: 2710: 2664: 2409: 2289: 2118: 1943: 1864: 1830:. He was also providing selective tax breaks: in December 1816, he allowed the family of 1678: 1670: 1552: 1426: 1394: 1390:. A Brâncoveanu associate, Iancu Cocorăscu, was sentenced to have his arms chopped off. 1321: 1248: 1047: 787: 633: 609: 572: 543:

Made aware that he had fallen into disgrace at the Porte, and betrayed by his son-in-law

505: 10062: 7361: 6025:

P. Cernovodeanu (1992), pp. 9–10, 13. See also Bucur, pp. 298–303; Dorobanțu-Dina, p. 63

2516: 2455:. Their association allegedly sponsored not only Greek agitation, but also the parallel 1186: 948:

on 4 December, and came within reach of Bucharest on 6 December, when he set up camp at

838:

Caradja first served as Grand Dragoman between 19 October and 18 November 1808, just as

10211: 10107: 10046: 10041: 9936: 9860: 9647: 9622: 9617: 9554: 9488: 9463: 9419: 9304: 9261: 9156: 9076: 9056: 9046: 8976: 8926: 8866: 8841: 8811: 8751: 8631: 8616: 8356: 8203: 8178: 8049: 8044: 8039: 7979: 7949: 7929: 7596: 7454: 7353: 7282: 6991: 6980: 6220: 5976: 5585:

Alexandru Marcu, "Un student romîn la Pisa și Paris, către 1820: Simion Marcovici", in

4150: 3007: 3003: 2939: 2935: 2676: 2656: 2554: 2320: 2145: 2141: 1871:

Filipescu's death later that year was the result of his poisoning on Caradja's orders.

1739: 1525: 1502: 1087: 1057: 927:

in Moldavia, Caradja's was meant to cover a seven-year term, as pledged by the Ottoman

693: 648: 625: 601: 84: 20: 6124: 3127: 2828: 2329: 2140:, in which the latter explained Karađorđe's fate. Caradja also arrested Pandur leader 2128:

By 1817, Caradja was trying to prevent another regional conflict over tensions in the

1820: 1702: 1666: 1564:, Caradja's overall effort should be regarded as part of a Phanariote drive to affirm 1482: 10148: 10102: 10087: 10026: 9966: 9789: 9627: 9602: 9577: 9478: 9425: 9334: 9206: 9166: 9136: 9066: 9001: 8991: 8951: 8936: 8871: 8826: 8686: 8646: 8546: 8312: 8097: 8014: 7974: 7954: 7939: 7863: 7823: 7808: 7741: 7675: 7644: 7591: 7586: 7474: 7257: 7243: 7203: 7158: 7144: 7068: 7050: 6972: 6936: 6914: 6900: 6858: 6792: 6745:Ανέκδοτες επιστολές και έγγραφα του 1821, ιστορικά δοκουμέντα από τα Αυστριακά αρχεία 6708: 6685: 6453: 6205: 5146: 4742: 4397: 3981: 3672: 3338: 3225: 2927: 2857: 2764: 2672: 2627: 2537: 2177: 2010: 1486: 737: 729: 576: 568: 206: 176: 7032:, "Privilegiul masculinităței. Procesul Brâncovenilor cu Crețuleștii 1714–1806", in 2529:. It came with additional requirements for the peasant population, leading those of 2069: 1393:

This purge was interrupted by a relapse of the plague. Consigned to folk memory as "

1255:, which ended the preceding war—and, to the Ottomans' outrage, included the loss of 915: 521: 10206: 9870: 9855: 9850: 9713: 9572: 9349: 9256: 9186: 9181: 9161: 9131: 9111: 9101: 9036: 9016: 8996: 8971: 8961: 8861: 8806: 8736: 8701: 8651: 8621: 8611: 8586: 8486: 8260: 8054: 8019: 7632: 7622: 7469: 7459: 7155:

Livre d'or de la noblesse phanariote en Grèce, en Roumanie, en Russie et en Turquie

6932: 6693: 5470: 4023:

Ionașcu, pp. 49–51; Siruni, pp. 52–55. See also Djuvara, pp. 292–29; Winckler, p. 7

3056: 2898: 2893:; the Romanian-language edition, completed later in 1818, was unusually printed at 2729:

existed as an independent theatrical venue until being destroyed in an 1825 fire.

2652: 2572: 2560: 2421: 2364: 2296:

mores than various members of his family"; perplexing locals with his suspicion of

2181: 2001: 1963: 1771: 1474: 1112: 1023: 997: 862: 806: 681: 629: 613: 426:

to ascend to the Wallachian throne, but one of several to have also held office as

404: 384: 7059:

Elisabeta Negrău, "Portretele lui Ioan Gheorghe Caragea", in Mariana Lazăr (ed.),

6832:

S. Columbeanu, "Sistemul de impunere pe lude din Țara Românească (1800—1830)", in

2721:

for a "micro-season", showing the first-ever stage performances in Romanian, with

2536:

Caradja finally settled in Athens in 1830, before the country transformed into a "

2533:

to ask that they be allowed to pay only duties established under "Caradja's law".

2159:

argues, "his services regarding the Serbian question were soon forgotten." As the

2107: 2031:, and as many as twelve others) while still a reigning Prince; these were done in 1811:

cause, now arguing that the full extent of Caradja's fraud could only be known to

1441:

depopulated, and vagabonds in charge of the abandoned goods. Historical memoirist

1137:

One of Caradja's steady efforts in this respect involved increasing the number of

1032: 10196: 10155: 10001: 9951: 9845: 9686: 9632: 9525: 9443: 9359: 9266: 9201: 9141: 9091: 9061: 8986: 8916: 8771: 8571: 8551: 8501: 8476: 8471: 8456: 8226: 8107: 8069: 7959: 7745: 7709: 7252:"Un jurnal și o călătorie la Istanbul. Introducere", in Dimitrie Foti Merișescu, 7125:

Ioan-Nicolae Popa, "Primul text dramatic tipărit în românește — Sibiu, 1797", in

7080:, "Relațiile principilor Caragheorghe și Miloș Obrenović cu Țara Românească", in 6888: 6776: 6642:

Nicolae Pătran, Stelian Pătran, "Acuarelă de Rucăr. S-au filmat la Rucăr...", in

5081: 4591: 3373: 3044: 3033: 3032:. His overall association with theatrical development was celebrated by novelist 3012: 2814: 2806: 2696: 2172:", which functioned as both an academic club and a subversive group favoring the 1971: 1947: 1931: 1777:

Caradja's projects were increasingly hampered by an upper-class approximation of

1658: 1586: 1561: 1498: 1401:—which included the expulsion of beggars from Bucharest, the closure of fairs in 1287: 1217: 1068: 1027: 938: 866: 839: 799: 786:. He married Eleni Skanavi, the daughter of a banker, whose aunt was the wife of 652: 544: 470: 465:

as an alternative to Greek hegemony. His candidacy in Wallachia was supported by

364: 9453: 2495:. Caradja's description of this plan includes the first-ever recorded usage of " 2188:; though he refrained from joining its ranks, Caradja allowed Mavrokordatos and 1816: 1744: 10097: 10092: 10072: 9946: 9931: 9794: 9779: 9771: 9682: 9637: 9592: 9520: 9458: 9389: 9246: 9121: 9081: 9006: 8851: 8661: 8641: 8596: 8481: 8466: 8198: 8127: 8117: 7989: 7581: 7449: 7421: 7412: 7132: 7115: 6825:

Gabriel Ciotoran, "Bucureștiul în timpul epidemiei de ciumă din anul 1812", in

6621:

Mihai-Artur Paraschiv, "Aniversări. Eugen Barbu văzut de elevi. Dublul Infern:

4972:

Ileana Căzan, "Preocupări de modernizare a orașului București (1774–1829)", in

2836: 2832: 2691: 2541: 2401: 2393: 2347: 2324: 2285: 2254: 2133: 2096: 2073: 1927: 1902: 1786: 1501:. He tried to persuade Metternich, through Gentz, to discuss Bessarabia at the 1296: 1174: 1010: 899: 814: 795: 791: 677: 537: 447: 431: 330: 219: 214: 160: 6661: 4656:

Colonel Popescu Lumina, "Din alte vremuri. Lepra din vremea lui Caragea!", in

4199:

P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13; Dorobanțu-Dina, p. 63. See also Ciotoran, p. 27

2600:, C. M. Apostolidis. Caradja's body was then buried in Saint George Church of 1079: 1026:, began a complex operation to hunt down brigands. In 1812, Atanasie Vastă of 986: 10246: 10221: 10113: 10006: 9703: 9276: 9226: 9211: 9191: 8956: 8626: 7617: 7576: 6945: 6846: 6400: 5882: 5054:

Djuvara, pp. 295, 310; Puchner, pp. 284–286, 319. See also Bucur, pp. 17, 247

3326: 3066: 2981: 2867: 2593: 2452: 2405: 2206: 2196: 2185: 2065: 2032: 2023: 2018: 1975: 1951: 1935: 1577: 1569: 1509: 1369: 1263: 1083: 705: 621: 579:, though he received positive recognition for his leniency toward the outlaw 529: 443: 2412:'s similar venture in Geneva, and sending regular gifts to fighters such as 1759: 1633:. In one application of this prerogative, Caradja pardoned the boyar outlaw 1528:; however, it remained controversial for only offering classes in Greek and 736:

time. He first came into contact with military and political figures of the

9971: 9364: 9344: 9294: 9026: 7522: 7219:

George Vassiadis, "Athens: The Creation of a Royal Capital, 1834–1914", in

7174: 6007:

Karadja & Soutsos, p. 236. See also Negrău, p. 132; Rizo-Rangabé, p. 40

2886: 2773: 2437: 2242: 1983: 1910: 1662: 1361: 1001: 870: 644: 624:

as an indication of the Caradjas' "Asiatic origin". John's great-grandson,

466: 7162: 6911:

Bizanțul și instituțiile românești până la mijlocul secolului al XVIII-lea

6904: 6796: 4560:, Vol. III, Issue 107, November 1856, pp. 62, 65. See also Aurelian, p. 88 2853: 2757: 2648: 647:. Supporting the Epirote or generically Greek hypothesis, authors such as 567:; he eventually returned to live as a regular citizen in the newly formed 10077: 9718: 9021: 8946: 8566: 7434: 6644:

Piatra Craiului. Revistă Trimestrială de Actualitate, Cultură și Tradiții

6460:; Lucian Nastasă, "Genealogia între știință, mitologie și monomanie", in 3097: 3070: 3025: 3017: 2601: 2549: 2464: 2081: 1646: 1634: 1625: 1582: 1330: 1198: 957: 697: 580: 560: 516:, and his respect for civil liberties was written down in the 1818 code, 482: 412: 323: 242: 190: 92: 6409:: Paris, 1851—Bruxelles, 1853 (Așezământul Cultural Ion C. Brătianu XIV) 4394:

Organizarea administrativă a Basarabiei sub ocupația țaristă (1812–1917)

4289:

Bucur, pp. 109–110; P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13; Dorobanțu-Dina, p. 63

2934:, where he died in 1860; the same position was later filled by his son, 2530: 2234:

Double portrait of Caradja and granddaughter Eleni Argyropoulos in exile

2100: 1890: 1178: 1169:, applying extortion and physical torture to obtain land concessions in 520:("Caradja's Law"). He afforded Wallachian natives a victory by allowing 9309: 7818: 7727: 7494: 7489: 7118:, "Notules Phanariotes II: encore l'exil de Jean Caradja à Genève", in 7077: 3985: 3107: 2961: 2785: 2444: 2156: 2053: 1826: 1605: 1398: 1256: 1221: 873:. He reputedly rewarded intercessions on his behalf with 8,000 bags of 846: 776: 605: 536:, and was credited, possibly mistakenly, with murdering the Serb rebel 509: 439: 6701:

Devălmășia valahă (1716–1828). O istorie anarhică a spațiului românesc

6589: 2319:

Caradja's escape was seen as intolerable by Mahmud II; while the aged

1478: 1295:

from his father-in-law. Reportedly, Caradja also intended to purchase

1216:

around Bucharest, who were the city's suppliers of produce, and whose

9698: 9544: 9126: 7501: 7429: 5598:

Djuvara, pp. 295–296; Iorga (1896), p. 551. See also Cruceanu, p. 133

4658: 3021: 2938:. His descendants continued to reside in Wallachia and the successor 2801: 2701: 2655:. The claim that it commemorates Prince John was seen as baseless by 2623: 2496: 2483: 2014: 1690: 1686: 1576:("Caradja's Law"). The work was primarily an attempt at synthesizing 1442: 1275: 1142: 1116: 1104: 1099: 985:. Caradja disguised himself in order to visit his designated palace, 973: 898:

and the Prince were closely supervised by the Ottoman authorities of

842: 818: 770: 669: 640: 490: 474: 419: 2894: 2246: 2149: 1619: 1412: 857:. He began his second stint as Dragoman on 7 August 1812, replacing 673:

in Moldavia. He is the common ancestor of all Wallachian Carageas.

9540: 6851:Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne 2780: 2265: 2080:; his regime was also noted for disregarding traditional claims of 1996: 1889:'s fiery chariot. In late 1813, John had made him administrator of 1881: 1753: 1719: 1470: 1459: 1454: 1430: 1387: 890: 830: 709: 660: 617: 559:, and becoming nominal head of the revolutionary government in the 156: 7169:

Studii și Materiale Privitoare la Trecutul Istoric al Jud. Prahova

5817:

Journal Politique et Littéraire de Toulouse et de la Haute-Garonne

5408:

Djuvara, p. 295; Iorga (1896), pp. 525–526. See also Bucur, p. 203

4921:

Studii și Materiale Privitoare la Trecutul Istoric al Jud. Prahova

3501:

Winckler, p. 3. See also Ionașcu, p. 49; Iorga (1896), pp. 487–488

3055:. His reign was revisited indirectly, in a fictionalized form, by 3028:

and Ion Anestin, which, from 1868, became the basis of a novel by

2112: 1650: 1224:, a writer of disputed ethnic origins, known to have been born in 1165: 978: 10226: 7484: 5779:

Iorga (1913), pp. 193–198. See also Karadja & Soutsos, p. 239

4841:, "Hârtiĭ vechĭ. Treizeci de ani de isprăvnicat (1786—1816)", in 3925:

Istoria pădurii românești, din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă astăzi

3138:

children's play, with ample depictions of Caradja and his court.

2923: 2862: 2612: 2504: 2276:

for the following six months, though one of the locals, botanist

1982:, the balloon only came down on 9 June, when it was recovered at 1939: 1914: 1682: 1677:

Iucache Arhiropol, and set up a permanent quarantine facility at

1438: 1365: 1349: 1283: 874: 745: 643:. Another historian, C. G. Patrinelis, sees the clan as probably 597: 423: 265: 260: 6283:

D. Cernovodeanu, pp. 52, 186. See also Ștefan, pp. 109, 112, 116

2805:

Andronache begging Prince Caradja for forgiveness", scene from

2428:

Georgios took his family out of Istanbul, narrowly escaping the

457:

Caradja's reign came at the apex of Phanariote influence in the

7439: 7001:

Alexandru Ligor, "Aromâni în lumea cărții vechi românești", in

6225: 3218:

Vechile blazoane vorbesc. Obiecte armoriate din colecții ieșene

2577: 2433: 2273: 2250: 1919: 1886: 1832: 1730: 1725: 1418: 1236: 1225: 1157: 1062: 1036: 1018: 945: 934: 929: 744:, when he served as a translator for armistice negotiations in 172: 19:"Jean Karadja" redirects here. For Prince John's grandson, see 6743:"Însemnări bibliografice. Istoria universală. Laios Gheorghe. 5974:

A. Bouchon, "Athènes.—La Cour et la ville (Suite et fin)", in

4163:

Cruceanu, p. 132. See also Ionașcu, pp. 52, 67; Winckler, p. 7

7242:, pp. 124–149. Leiden & Boston: Brill Publishers, 2018. 7177:, "Nicolae Filimon. Primele semne ale realismului (III)", in 6804:"Din veacul fanariot. Trei domni dintr-o 'serie neagră'", in 5084:, "Cronica dramatică. Sub peristilul Teatrului Național", in 4883:

Ionașcu, pp. 73, 76–78. See also Vianu & Iancovici, p. 75

2122: 1955: 1860: 1654: 981:

from this activity alone—including 30,000 from the Frenchman

500:

Shortly into his rule, Wallachia was struck by a wave of the

2253:

guard. According to a period testimony by the Russian agent

6774:

ai lui Mateiu I. Caragiale. Între fantezie și istorie", in

6678:

Alkis Angelou, "'Δονκιχωτισμοί' και 'καραγκιοζιλίκια'", in

6659:"Astă seară mergem la teatru. 'Auzit-ați de-un Jian?'", in 5143:

Mișcarea artistică oficială în România secolului al XIX-lea

4396:, p. 28. Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei, 2019. 3198:

Rizo-Rangabé, p. 37. See also Karadja & Soutsos, p. 237

2313: 1402: 1202:

of grain from Wallachia, Caradja changed the definition of

977:. One estimate suggests that he collected at least 500,000 9484:

Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

5660:

Calmuschi, p. 155; Iorga (1896), pp. 528, 531–535, 542–544

2205:

delegates met with Emperor Alexander and his ministers in

1807:

was told to maintain permanent communication with Manuc.

481:, and was involved in punishing those whom he regarded as 7391: 6728:. Galați: Tipografia Buciumul Român P. P. Stănescu, 1911. 6631:

Revista Noastră. Publicație a Liceului Unirea din Focșani

1926:

At his new palace, Caradja favored the glamorous side of

1382: 1052: 1039:

enjoyed a solid reputation as anti-establishment heroes.

7012:, Vol. XIX, Issues 1–2, January–April 2008, pp. 135–157. 6633:, Vol. XII, Issue 100, January–March 1984, pp. 1753–1754 6127:, "Viața și opera lui Daniel (Dimitrie) Philippide", in 4741:, pp. 203–204. Bucharest: Editura Fundației PRO, 2002. 3671:, Vol. I, p. 24. Bucharest: Editura Universalia, 2005. 2870:. A miniature of the Prince appears in the chronicle of 2548:, on what was Otto's first trip to Athens. Archeologist 2408:

movement, forming a war aid society in Tuscany, funding

1685:, and in May 1816 ordered Constantin Samurcaș to form a 1550:

in its 1818 print, crediting the work's commissioner as

1348:, which was raging immediately to the west and south of 1299:, which was a lucrative business in downtown Bucharest. 768:

poetry: by 1800, he had produced manuscript versions of

7061:

Artă – Istorie – Memorie. Patrimoniul cultural național

6983:, "Karadja — nume peceneg în toponimia românească", in 6502:

Considerațiuni asupra revoluției lui Tudor Vladimirescu

2592:, with funeral orations delivered by P. Soutsos and an 7082:

Analele Academiei Române. Memoriile Secțiunii Istorice

6987:, Vol. XXIX, Issues 1–6, January–June 1943, pp. 87–92. 5819:, Vol IX, Issue 27, February 1822, p. 1; "Turkey", in 4919:

C. N. Debie, "Cine au fost lăutarii din Ploiești", in

3447:

Rizo-Rangabé, p. 38. See also Camariano (1942), p. 645

2910:, as first introduced during his uncle's short reign. 2392:

Within years of this protest, Wallachia, Moldavia and

1372:

in July 1813. This campaign ran concurrently with the

1239:. More significantly, he was also in contact with the 956:, knew of his hostility toward them and their alleged 4596:

Discursuri politice, 1859—1883. Volumul II: 1874—1883

3241:

Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 38–40. See also Negrău, pp. 130–131

2713:. Immediately after Rallou's escape to Transylvania, 2087: 1738:. Ledoulx writes that Caradja was enthusiastic about 1585:, Caradja's text was mainly based on the modernizing 5889:, Vol. IX, Issues 1–3, January–March 1932, pp. 68–69 2375: 7108:C. G. Patrinelis, "The Phanariots before 1821", in 7084:, Series III, Volume XXVII, 1944–1945, pp. 325–356. 4146:

Cours de Littérature Grecque moderne donné a Genéve

2954:, who was Ottoman Ambassador to the United States. 2643:, inflamed passions by suggesting that Caradja and 1596:Like the contemporary Callimachi Code of Moldavia, 1422:), instructing him to control Jewish immigration. 805:The Karatzas' political triumph coincided with the 798:, known to have been born in 1783, was the wife of 344: 10308:Wallachian people of the Greek War of Independence 7272:, Vol. X, Issues 1–3, January–March 1924, pp. 1–7. 5567:Ionașcu, p. 81. See also Iorga (1896), pp. 525–526 3902:P. Cernovodeanu (1992)p. 13; Dorobanțu-Dina, p. 64 3705:Adrian Majuru, "Societatea primește un copil", in 2860:(1818). Both paintings show him almost touching a 1917:—where he was serving as Wallachia's emissary, or 1742:, and celebrated it by dressing up a mannequin in 450:, who was famous in her own right as a pioneer of 10373:Greek Orthodox Christians from the Ottoman Empire 6811:"Regimul evreilor sub fanarioți (1711–1821)", in 5885:, "Quelques voyageurs occidentaux en Orient", in 5609:History Studies. International Journal of History 5300:Calmuschi, pp. 153–154; Iorga (1896), pp. 512–518 4847:, Vol. XXVI, Issue 7, November 1892, pp. 571, 591 1962:, while their husbands remained committed to the 1748:uniform, which his servants used as a football. 1094: 919:Great seal of Caradja as ruler of Wallachia, 1812 680:Georgios Karatzas (1697–1780), and had an uncle, 10244: 6726:Relațiunile politice ale Țărilor române cu Rusia 6551:, Vol. LXXVII, Issue 2, February 1982, pp. 25–26 5589:, Vol. XV, Issues 1–3, January–March 1929, p. 30 1344:By mid-1813, Mahmud was focused on quashing the 1220:he indirectly encouraged. New settlers included 700:. This stance seeped into his translations from 91:Chairman of the Greek Central Government in the 3106:. Caradja's reign is also the backdrop for the 3081:("Fire Bird"), a 1954 collection of stories by 3043:A character based on Caradja was introduced to 2507:, where his palace was visited by archeologist 2384:Caradja reclining on a divan (1825 painting by 1681:. Caradja was also alarmed about the spread of 442:, and becoming noted for his translations from 9410:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance 7214:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 7020:An Odd Volume, Extracted from an Autobiography 6843:, Vol. I, Issue 2, February 1990, pp. 131–150. 6827:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 6719:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 6690:Țerra nóstră. Schițe economice asupra Românieĭ 6147:τοῦ Ν. Σ. Πικκολου και ο Γρ. Παλαιολόγος", in 5742: 5740: 5738: 5696:Filitti, p. 50. See also Cruceanu, pp. 132–133 4974:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 4345:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 3927:, pp. 211, 244. Bucharest: Editura Ceres, 1976 3669:Enciclopedia lăcașurilor de cult din București 2486:, which was attended in person by John and by 1874: 1770:" during Caradja, pictured in his traditional 821:merchants staged a protest against new taxes. 524:to teach a Romanian course at his refurbished 354: 10303:Greek people of the Greek War of Independence 7377: 5545: 5543: 5107: 5105: 5090:, Vol. XLVI, Issue 9, September 1912, p. 1076 3285: 3283: 2463:. On 9 January 1822, the Greek rebels of the 398: 392: 7756:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 6869:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări. Seria Istorie 6328:Rizo-Rangabé, p. 42. See also Negrău, p. 134 6043:Filitti, pp. 31, 50. See also Ionașcu, p. 81 5145:, p. 26. Bucharest: Noi Media Print, 2008. 5129:Economu, pp. 14–15. See also Djuvara, p. 215 3456:Ionașcu, p. 49. See also Rizo-Rangabé, p. 40 2604:, which had been built under his patronage. 1556:John George Caradja (Їω Їωан Геωргïє Караџѣ) 1196:received permission to import up to 150,000 704:, which were regarded with suspicion by the 378: 372: 42:Italian-school portrait of Caradja, ca. 1819 7038:, Vol. VI, Issue 4, April 1911, pp. 87–100. 6818:Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania 6740:, Vol. IX, Issue 6, June 1942, pp. 643–652. 5735: 4014:Winckler, p. 7. See also Ionașcu, pp. 48–49 3153:Karadja, pp. 88–89; Rizo-Rangabé, pp. I, 37 2882:, in an engraving done by Blasius Höpfel. 2288:, the latter claim is especially doubtful. 2264:. On 29 November 1818, they passed through 1368:; together, these forces managed to defeat 865:. His candidacy was publicly backed by the 10388:Wallachian refugees in the Austrian Empire 10121:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 7771:Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands 7384: 7370: 7187:, "Manuc Bey între legendă și adevăr", in 6665:, Vol. VII, Issue 47, November 1973, p. 10 6574:, Vol. VIII, Issue 11, November 1971, p. 3 6229:, Vol. III, Issue 13, December 1966, p. 23 6061:, Vol. XII, Issue 9, September 1959, p. 39 5540: 5102: 4991:, Vol. XII, Issue 620, December 1938, p. 6 4538:Aurelian, pp. 76, 88; Simache, pp. 101–102 3990:Culegere de proverburi sau Povestea Vorbei 3371:Mihai Dim. Sturdza, "Frații Cozadini", in 3280: 2950:, the medical scholar, and great-grandson 2519:. Three years later, the circumstances of 2184:, who represented the radical-nationalist 1995:theater, which showed, among other plays, 636:. He sees him and other early Karatzas as 36: 10403:Expatriates in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany 7256:, pp. 7–63. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2019. 6593:, Vol. III, Issue 20, October 1954, p. 22 6129:Anuarul Institutului de Istorie Națională 5611:, Vol. 10, Issue 8, November 2018, p. 179 4298:Ciotoran, pp. 25–26; Djuvara, pp. 294–295 4077:Ionașcu, pp. 53, 66; Iorga (1896), p. 510 2499:" (Δονκιχωτισμός) in the Greek language. 2192:Konstantinos to be initiated by Galatis. 1465:During that interval, Caradja cultivated 1333:destroying the plague, in a 19th-century 1119:, fiscal innovations were inaugurated by 301:Diplomat, translator, theatrical promoter 10283:People of the Modern Greek Enlightenment 6758:, Vol. 20, Issue 6, 1967, pp. 1163–1175. 5977:Supplément au Journal Le Constitutionnel 5063:Popa, p. 32. See also Angelou, pp. 90–91 4426:Economu, p. 14. See also Djuvara, p. 214 3622:Bucur, pp. 114–115; Djuvara, pp. 49, 292 3394: 3392: 3020:'s story was first exploited in an 1857 2885:This Viennese version of the code is in 2747:ledger (1817 illustration attributed to 2379: 2229: 2225: 2091: 1758: 1541: 1535: 1325: 1098: 1073: 914: 823: 716:; through her, John was the grandson of 591: 485:—his clampdown resulted in the death of 477:just as Wallachia was recovering from a 8281:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 7200:CIMeC - Institutul de Memorie Culturală 7099:Un veac de frămîntări sociale 1821—1907 7091:, Vol. III, Issue 3, 2019, pp. 171–191. 6955:. Bucharest: Imprimeria Statului, 1896. 6751:, Vol. XII, Issue 6, 1959, pp. 227–230. 6391:Aurelian, pp. 77–78, 88; Nădejde, p. 87 4556:Francesco Poletti, "I rumeni, III", in 3411:Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 40–41, 82–84, 132–133 3162:Karadja, pp. 89–90; Rizo-Rangabé, p. 37 2400:. During its early stages, Michael and 1819:, emerging as the uncontested owner of 1405:and elsewhere, checks on the number of 1352:. Caradja sent in some hundreds of his 1315: 1103:Watercolor portrait of Caradja's enemy 676:The future John Caradja was the son of 10245: 9901:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 9474:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 7112:, Vol. 42, Issue 2, 2001, pp. 177–198. 6836:, Vol. 21, Issue 3, 1968, pp. 469–479. 6612:, Vol. VII, Issue 9, April 1964, p. 10 5453:"Nouvelles étrangères. Allemagne", in 5192:P. Cernovodeanu (2003), pp. 68, 71, 74 4865:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2018), pp. 134–135 3667:Lucia Stoica, Neculai Ionescu-Ghinea, 3465:Ionașcu, pp. 48–49, 56; Winckler, p. 3 2106:Citing earlier pronouncements made by 1723:); he was often described as a likely 665:tribute-paying vassals of the Ottomans 10298:People of the Second Serbian Uprising 7365: 3389: 2889:, and was arranged for print by poet 2866:dagger, and wearing an anachronistic 1705:, which consequently became known as 1505:, but was advised to drop the issue. 497:, as well as torture and amputation. 10428:Respiratory disease deaths in Greece 10293:People of the First Serbian Uprising 8276:Senate of Western Continental Greece 8253:Greek regional councils and statutes 7232:, Vol. XI, Issue 1, 1958, pp. 67–91. 7225:, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 19–35. 6996:Revue Historique du Sud-Est Européen 6789:Editura științifică și enciclopedică 6785:Știința și arta heraldică în România 6583:T. Ștefănescu, "Scriitori și cărți. 6431:, p. 44. Bucharest & Fălticeni: 5887:Revue Historique du Sud-Est Européen 5468:"Nouvelles extérieures. Suisse", in 5444:Iorga (1896), p. 528; Winckler, p. 7 4963:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), pp. 38–45 4135:, Vol. V, Issue 1, 1942, pp. 277–278 3718:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), pp. 26–27 3010:. The Prince's own appearance as a " 2613:"Great predator" and cultural patron 2474:The Caradjas' party was defeated by 2132:. After initially seeking to arrest 1696: 1259:. Caradja was one of those whom the 1042:Caradja also welcomed in his palace 16:Phanariote Greek Prince of Wallachia 10398:Romanian expatriates in Switzerland 10177:The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos 9922:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 8407:Proposals for the monarch of Greece 7793:United States of the Ionian Islands 6931:, pp. 67–148. Leiden & Boston: 6883:Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis 6016:Karadja & Soutsos, pp. 235, 236 5998:Karadja & Soutsos, pp. 236, 239 5806:Filitti, p. 11; Negrău, pp. 131–132 5620:Iorga (1896), pp. 527–528, 535, 569 4148:. Par Jacovaky Rizo, Neroulos", in 2683:, appearing on both volumes of his 2260:The convoy then set off for in the 1989:In late 1817, Rallou opened up her 596:According to various accounts, the 13: 10128:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi 8291:Military-Political System of Samos 6464:, Vol. VI, Issues 3–4, 1998, p. 30 6055:, "Bucureștiul în literatură", in 5336:Karadja & Soutsos, pp. 238–239 4739:Balcanologi și bizantiniști români 4600:Atelierele Grafice Socec & Co. 3992:, Vol. I, pp. XI–XIII. Bucharest: 3758:Bucur, pp. 202–203; Djuvara, p. 51 3573:Ionașcu, pp. 51–52; Winckler, p. 5 3438:Karadja & Soutsos, pp. 237–238 2901:, is also noted for featuring the 2699:Caradja's "excellent" versions of 2568:, he never published the result. 2099:'s murder, as depicted in 1863 by 2088:Between Karađorđe and Kapodistrias 1954:made efforts to increase sales of 620:", being read by Romanian scholar 411:; 1754 – 27 December 1844), was a 14: 10439: 8362:Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826) 7786:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 7139:. Cambridge & New York City: 6648:Romanian Political Science Review 6560:George Genoiu, "Premiere. Bacău: 5965:, Vol. III, Issue 4, 1958, p. 174 4874:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2018), p. 135 2432:and reaching the Russian port of 2376:Revolutionary sponsor and retiree 1669:during autumn 1814, and striking 1181:went on strike. In mid-1813, the 923:Like the parallel appointment of 10393:Greek expatriates in Switzerland 10383:Romanian people of Greek descent 8423:Greek expedition to Syria (1825) 7157:. Athens: S. C. Vlastos, 1892. 6653: 6650:, Vol. VI, Issue 3, 2006, p. 685 6636: 6615: 6596: 6577: 6554: 6539: 6530: 6511: 6494: 6485: 6476: 6467: 6438: 6418: 6394: 6385: 6376: 6367: 6358: 6349: 6340: 6331: 6322: 6313: 6304: 6295: 6286: 6277: 6268: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6232: 6214: 6190: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6154: 6134: 6118: 6109: 6100: 6091: 6082: 6073: 6064: 6046: 6037: 6028: 6019: 6010: 6001: 5992: 5983: 5968: 5955: 5946: 5937: 5928: 5919: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5876: 5867: 5855: 5846: 5837: 5828: 5809: 5800: 5791: 5782: 5773: 5758: 5749: 5726: 5717: 5708: 5699: 5690: 5681: 5672: 5663: 5654: 5641: 5632: 5629:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 48 5623: 5614: 5601: 5592: 5579: 5576:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 50 5570: 5561: 5552: 5531: 5522: 5513: 5504: 5495: 5486: 5477: 5462: 5447: 5438: 5429: 5420: 5411: 5402: 5393: 5384: 5375: 5366: 5357: 5354:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 45 5348: 5339: 5330: 5321: 5318:Ionașcu, pp. 69–71, 73–74, 80–81 5312: 5303: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5240: 5231: 5222: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5173: 5164: 5155: 5132: 5123: 5114: 5093: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5030: 5021: 5012: 5003: 4994: 4979: 4966: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4926: 4913: 4904: 4895: 4886: 4877: 4868: 4859: 4850: 4832: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4796: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4760: 4751: 4728: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4692: 4683: 4674: 4665: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4585: 4582:, p. 53. See also Patraș, p. 188 4572: 4563: 4550: 4541: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4496: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4386: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4337: 4328: 4325:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 33 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4211: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4138: 3972:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 27 3727:Vintilă-Ghițulescu (2019), p. 26 2821: 2792: 2772: 2756: 2736: 989:, which had been damaged by the 309: 170:27 December 1844 (aged 89 or 90) 10378:Members of the Church of Greece 7216:, Vol. XVII, 2003, pp. 125–135. 7089:Lingua, Traduzione, Letteratura 6602:Tea Preda, "Spectacole – Arte. 6504:, p. 43. Bucharest: Tipografia 5170:Djuvara, p. 215; Economu, p. 14 4125: 4116: 4107: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3948: 3939: 3930: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3806: 3797: 3788: 3779: 3770: 3761: 3752: 3743: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3661: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3549: 3540: 3531: 3522: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3380: 3365: 3356: 3347: 3319: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3244: 2976:. Its lengthy survival angered 2968:. It remained in use under the 2213:: 10 October), he convened the 2161:Russian Ambassador to the Porte 1189:, to help meet the wood quota. 1107:, made during his time in exile 944:The new ruler only crossed the 910: 698:reestablishing the Greek empire 10418:Naturalized citizens of Greece 10318:19th-century Greek politicians 10313:18th-century Greek politicians 10217:Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) 9315:François-René de Chateaubriand 7781:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 7751:Fall of the Republic of Venice 7235:Constanța Vintilă-Ghițulescu, 7047:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University 6998:, Vol. XXI, 1944, pp. 233–240. 6411:, pp. 9–10, 30–33. Bucharest: 6405:Din istoria presei românești. 6238:Negrău, p. 130; Ștefan, p. 109 5435:Ionașcu, p. 81; Nistor, p. 336 4892:Camariano (1970), pp. 101, 104 3400:Vremennik Pushkinskoy Komissii 3235: 3210: 3201: 3192: 3183: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3147: 1495:French Ambassador to the Porte 1305:Wallachian Metropolitan Bishop 1095:Fiscal regime and state terror 855:Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812 762:Traité de la guerre en général 742:preceding Habsburg–Ottoman War 283:Sultana Mavrocordatos-Karatzas 58:27 August 1812–11 October 1818 1: 10413:Romanian expatriates in Italy 10288:People of the Napoleonic Wars 9826:London Philhellenic Committee 7814:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 7737:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 7718:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 7129:, Issues 6–7/2015, pp. 27–32. 6924:, Vol. VIII, 1966, pp. 45–82. 6922:Studii și Articole de Istorie 6721:, Vol. XX, 2006, pp. 127–158. 6671: 6435:& Tipografia M. Saidman, 6143:, "Σημειώματα καὶ μαρτυρίες. 6141:Maria Christina Chatziioannou 5952:Camariano (1942), pp. 646–647 5934:Karadja & Soutsos, p. 235 5746:Karadja & Soutsos, p. 239 5714:Camariano (1959), pp. 228–229 5228:Bucur, p. 160; Djuvara, p. 45 4954:Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 40, 111–112 4936:, Vols. XII–XIII, 1999, p. 24 4347:, Vol. III, 1965, pp. 218–219 4235:P. Cernovodeanu (2003), p. 68 4181:P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13 3984:, "Viața lui Anton Pann", in 3945:P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13 3546:P. Cernovodeanu (1992), p. 13 3289:Karadja & Soutsos, p. 237 3134:and Aurel Tita had created a 3126:appears as Prince John, with 2845:(photograph by A. Mihailopol) 2763:Caradja's votive portrait at 2398:anti-Ottoman Greek revolution 2220: 1740:Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo 1499:reunification with Bessarabia 1445:reports that, in Bucharest's 834:Georgios Argyropoulos in 1813 508:". Failing to impose a total 103: 10343:Romanian patrons of the arts 9957:Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval 8762:Michail Komninos Afentoulief 7191:, September 1972, pp. 50–57. 7171:, Vol. I, 1968, pp. 101–109. 6885:, Vol. 6, 2014, pp. 377–397. 6871:, Vol. XXV, 2016, pp. 57–65. 6829:, Vol. XXV, 2011, pp. 21–27. 6765:, Vol. 11, 1970, pp. 97–105. 5417:Vianu & Iancovici, p. 82 4976:, Vol. XI, 1992, pp. 130–131 4901:Vianu & Iancovici, p. 75 4408:, Issues 3–4/2011, pp. 80–81 4406:Studii Juridice Universitare 3051:completed his film project, 2978:Wallachia's radical liberals 2913: 2478:and the Eterists during the 2278:Augustin Pyramus de Candolle 2262:restored Swiss Confederation 1836:Dincă Socoteanu to have ten 1312:of 500–600 bags of Guilder. 1006:St. Nicholas in-a-Day Church 586: 7: 10193:25 March (Independence Day) 8428:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) 8286:Provisional Regime of Crete 7507:Gregory V of Constantinople 7317:Grand Dragoman of the Porte 7290:Grand Dragoman of the Porte 7122:, Vol. 17, 1981, pp. 74–85. 6878:, February 1986, pp. 12–15. 6780:, December 2019, pp. 23–28. 6682:, Vol. 20, 1995, pp. 83–96. 4923:, Vol. I, 1970, pp. 227–228 4829:Ionașcu, pp. 71, 72, 77, 80 3110:'s adventure-comedy films, 2964:physician and bibliophile, 2586:National Assembly of Greeks 2457:Wallachian uprising of 1821 2180:. Kapodistria also sent in 2150:Russian consular protection 1909:), having spent over 8,000 1875:Appeasement versus opulence 1645:in April 1815, Wallachia's 1467:Franco-Wallachian relations 1270:, whom Caradja beheaded at 724:in the 1740s, and uncle of 692:in 1761–1763. According to 690:Patriarch of Constantinople 532:by intervening to curb the 448:Rallou Karatza-Argyropoulos 345: 152:(Ἰωάννης Γεωργίου Καρατζάς) 10: 10444: 10408:Greek expatriates in Italy 9754:Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi 9449:Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels 9285:António Figueira d'Almeida 8897:Konstantinos Mavromichalis 8607:Germanos III of Old Patras 8343:International Conferences, 7691:Thourios or Patriotic hymn 7638:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 7230:Studii. Revistă de Istorie 7141:Cambridge University Press 7063:, pp. 127–140. Bucharest: 6834:Studii. Revistă de Istorie 6756:Studii. Revistă de Istorie 6749:Studii. Revistă de Istorie 6737:Revista Fundațiilor Regale 6517:I. Semo, "Film și cinema. 6265:D. Cernovodeanu, pp. 75–76 3402:, Vol. 33, 2019, pp. 53–54 3362:Bucur, p. 202; Popa, p. 32 3335:Edinburgh University Press 3307:Iorga (1896), pp. 308, 336 2920:National Historical Museum 2725:as one of the performers. 2369:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 2174:Modern Greek Enlightenment 2144:and the Greek conspirator 1491:Antoine-François Andréossy 1487:France's defeat at Leipzig 1378:War of the Sixth Coalition 1319: 424:Karatzas or Caradja family 136:President of the Executive 18: 10358:Politicians from Istanbul 10353:Constantinopolitan Greeks 10333:Italian–Greek translators 10186: 10055: 9984: 9914: 9896:Antoine Virgile Schneider 9878: 9869: 9818: 9762: 9681: 9539: 9275: 9222:Konstantinos Vlachopoulos 8982:Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 8902:Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis 8497:Constantin Denis Bourbaki 8447: 8436: 8415: 8342: 8301:Greek national assemblies 8299: 8251: 8212: 8141: 8078: 7922: 7846: 7837: 7801: 7704:European intervention and 7703: 7681:Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios 7658: 7605: 7554: 7545: 7515: 7465:Konstantinos Kolokotronis 7445:Dionysius the Philosopher 7420: 7411: 7400: 7393:Greek War of Independence 7350: 7341: 7333: 7323: 7314: 7306: 7296: 7287: 7279: 7194:Ștefania-Cecilia Ștefan, 7065:National Cotroceni Museum 6990:Constantin Jean Karadja, 6145:Ό θάνατος του Δημοσθένους 5852:Angelou, pp. 83–84, 93–94 5705:Iorga (1896), pp. 538–540 5687:Camariano (1967), p. 1167 5381:Iorga (1896), pp. 524–525 5264:Camariano (1967), p. 1166 4820:Iorga (1896), pp. 505–506 4689:Iorga (1896), pp. 501–502 3767:Djuvara, pp. 101–101, 110 3232:; Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 37–39 3122:(both released in 1971). 2903:coat of arms of Wallachia 2784:Konstantinos in 1858, by 2709:, and, more generically, 2671:and the mid-18th-century 2607: 2566:Bernardin de Saint-Pierre 2558:translated and published 2521:another Russo-Turkish War 2249:, alongside 300 of their 2035:(the "simple language"). 1641:With the outbreak of the 1600:showed the end result of 1374:French invasion of Russia 1078:View over the remains of 557:Greek War of Independence 335:Ἰωάννης Γεωργίου Καρατζάς 334: 305: 297: 287: 279: 271: 259: 248: 241: 237: 205: 197: 182: 166: 146: 142: 122: 112: 98: 90: 80: 70: 62: 54: 47: 35: 30: 10328:19th-century Greek poets 10323:18th-century Greek poets 9734:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 9673:Christoforos Zachariadis 9583:Alexandros Kantakouzinos 9568:Anastasios Christopoulos 9439:Julius Michael Millingen 9242:Christoforos Zachariadis 9147:Sotirios Theocharopoulos 8877:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 8837:Leonardos Leonardopoulos 8822:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis 8402:Treaty of Constantinople 7723:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 7613:Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio 7567:Athanasios Christopoulos 7528:Souliote War (1789–1793) 7181:, Issue 4/2015, pp. 3–7. 6909:Valentin Al. Georgescu, 6816:, pp. 61–76. Bucharest: 6606:și căutarea noului", in 6562:Cîntec de inimă albastră 6527:, 10 February 1929, p. 2 6433:Librăria Socec & Co. 6355:Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 40, 43 6200:, pp. 25–26. Bucharest: 6198:Oamenii epocii fanariote 5980:, 26 November 1843, p. 6 5788:Camariano (1942), p. 647 5732:Camariano (1959), p. 229 5474:, 14 December 1818, p. 3 5459:, 25 December 1818, p. 1 5372:Camariano (1970), p. 101 4598:, pp. 52–53. Bucharest: 3333:, pp. 60–61. Edinburgh: 3141: 3075:Cîntec de inimă albastră 2891:Athanasios Christopoulos 1360:as it advanced down the 1086:, in an 1841 etching by 847:Greek Orthodox community 726:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 436:Enlightenment literature 346:Ioanni Georgiou Karatzas 150:Ioanni Georgiou Karatzas 132:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 10348:Wallachian slave owners 10163:The Archipelago on Fire 9927:Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois 9906:Camille Alphonse Trézel 9653:Konstantinos Xenokratis 9550:Danubian Principalities 9494:Auguste Hilarion Touret 9252:Germanos Zapheiropoulos 9127:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 9027:Anagnostis Papageorgiou 8887:Demetrios Mavromichalis 8767:Alexandros Kontostavlos 8392:London Protocol of 1830 8382:London Protocol of 1829 8377:London Protocol of 1828 7005:, July 1992, pp. 83–85. 6981:Constantin Jean Karadja 6319:Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 40–43 6247:Ștefan, pp. VI, 108–112 6131:, Vol. II, 1923, p. 126 6088:Patrinelis, pp. 189–190 5309:Calmuschi, pp, 154, 176 4735:Nicolae Șerban Tanașoca 4671:Ștefănescu, pp. 125–126 4154:, December 1827, p. 437 3839:Columbeanu, pp. 476–478 3830:Columbeanu, pp. 470–473 3268:Rizo-Rangabé, pp. 39–41 2944:Supreme Court of Greece 2657:Constantin Jean Karadja 2582:Temple of Olympian Zeus 2480:First National Assembly 1950:. Joining this effort, 1643:Second Serbian Uprising 1566:equality before the law 1560:According to historian 1235:his permanent agent in 971:, and all high-ranking 905: 657:Danubian Principalities 626:Constantin Jean Karadja 534:Second Serbian Uprising 502:Eastern plague pandemic 459:Danubian Principalities 446:. His progeny included 363:: Їωан Геωргïє Караџѣ; 189:Saint George Church of 10338:Romanian legal writers 10268:Dragomans of the Porte 9997:Fotis Chrysanthopoulos 9962:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 9588:Georgios Kantakouzinos 9042:Christoforos Perraivos 8912:Dimitrios Meletopoulos 8907:Petrobey Mavromichalis 8892:Georgios Mavromichalis 8882:Antonios Mavromichalis 8777:Georgios Kountouriotis 8757:Theodoros Kolokotronis 8742:Apostolis Kolokotronis 8707:Georgakis Kapsokalyvas 8657:Antonios Kalamogdartis 8582:Georgios Filippopoulos 8537:Dimitrakis Deligiannis 8527:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 8512:Giannis Chondrogiannis 8345:treaties and protocols 7686:Salpisma Polemistirion 7650:Society of the Phoenix 7337:Constantine Ypsilantis 6724:Constantin Calmuschi, 6151:, Vol. 9, 1984, p. 248 5825:, Issue 22/1822, p. 88 5237:Ionașcu, pp. 52, 61–62 4793:Ionașcu, pp. 65–66, 69 4766:Ionașcu, pp. 54, 56–61 4493:Georgescu, pp. 217–218 3921:Constantin C. Giurescu 3709:, Issue 8/2009, p. 202 3429:Pătrășcanu, pp. 56, 60 3377:, July 1999, pp. 15–16 3030:N. D. Popescu-Popnedea 2743:Caradja receiving the 2669:Nicholas Mavrocordatos 2418:Theodoros Kolokotronis 2396:became central to the 2389: 2339:mugâyir-i rızâ-yı 'âli 2310:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 2306:National Austrian Bank 2235: 2130:Principality of Serbia 2103: 1774: 1602:enlightened absolutism 1557: 1346:First Serbian Uprising 1341: 1245:Klemens von Metternich 1108: 1091: 998:Grigore Dimitrie Ghica 920: 835: 750:Constantine Ypsilantis 553:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 514:enlightened absolutism 408: 399: 393: 388: 379: 373: 368: 356:Ioan Gheorghie Caragea 355: 75:Constantine Ypsilantis 10363:Writers from Istanbul 10202:Eleftheria i thanatos 10142:The Massacre at Chios 10037:Anastasios Polyzoidis 10032:Panagiotis Papatsonis 9985:Historians/Memoirists 9942:Guillaume-Abel Blouet 9891:Antoine Simon Durrieu 9886:Nicolas Joseph Maison 9841:Lazaros Kountouriotis 9805:Alexander I of Russia 9563:Athanasios Agrafiotis 9395:Henrik Nikolai Krøyer 9232:Liolios Xirolivaditis 9217:Alexakis Vlachopoulos 9177:Melchisedek Tsouderos 9152:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 9072:Anastasios Polyzoidis 9032:Dimitrios Papanikolis 9022:Grigorios Papaflessas 8942:Panagiotis Michanidis 8797:Lykourgos Krestenitis 8782:Lazaros Kountouriotis 8637:Konstantinos Gouvelis 8532:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 8266:Directorate of Achaea 7572:Theoklitos Farmakidis 7153:Eugène Rizo-Rangabé, 7045:, pp. 183–240. Iași: 6808:, May 1992, pp. 9–13. 6772:Craii de Curtea-Veche 6508:, Th. I. Voinea, 1924 6448:, pp. 554–557. Iași: 6160:Puchner, pp. 256, 284 5139:Adrian-Silvan Ionescu 4802:Dorobanțu-Dina, p. 64 4662:, 6 August 1935, p. 3 4529:Iordachi, pp. 116–117 4466:Iordachi, pp. 114–115 3220:, pp. 138–142. Iași: 3119:Zestrea domniței Ralu 3113:Haiducii lui Șaptecai 3062:Craii de Curtea-Veche 2980:: in 1851, the exile 2974:Civil Code of Romania 2952:Alexandros Mavrogenis 2842:Haiducii lui Șaptecai 2723:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 2681:Grigorios Palaiologos 2513:Ancient Greek costume 2383: 2233: 2226:Escape from Wallachia 2095: 2041:Ion Heliade Rădulescu 1960:modern Western attire 1762: 1610:agnatic primogeniture 1608:, introducing strict 1574:Legiuirea lui Caragea 1545: 1537:Legiuirea lui Caragea 1354:Wallachian militiamen 1329: 1268:Abdullah Ramiz Efendi 1102: 1077: 991:Imperial Russian Army 918: 882:Alexandre de Langeron 827: 756:, which was based on 718:John II Mavrocordatos 592:Early life and career 518:Legiuirea lui Caragea 489:and the expulsion of 487:Abdullah Ramiz Efendi 327:Ioan Gheorghe Caragea 251:(Їωан Геωргïє Караџѣ) 249:Ioan Gheorghe Caragea 230:Konstantinos Karatzas 10263:Princes of Wallachia 10135:Le siège de Corinthe 10083:François Pouqueville 10022:Konstantinos Metaxas 9810:Nicholas I of Russia 9729:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 9663:Demetrios Ypsilantis 9658:Alexander Ypsilantis 9531:James Jakob Williams 9499:Edward John Trelawny 9415:Vasos Mavrovouniotis 9405:Ernst Michael Mangel 9370:Frank Abney Hastings 9300:Paul Marie Bonaparte 9237:Demetrios Ypsilantis 9197:Thanasoulas Valtinos 9107:Theofanis Siatisteus 9012:Dimitrios Panourgias 8922:Konstantinos Metaxas 8857:Yiannis Makriyiannis 8847:Lykourgos Logothetis 8832:Georgios Lechouritis 8802:Stamatis Krestenitis 8747:Ioannis Kolokotronis 8722:Georgios Karaiskakis 8712:Anastasios Karatasos 8692:Ioannis Kapodistrias 8682:Konstantinos Kanaris 8677:Athanasios Kanakaris 8592:Panagiotakis Fotilas 8577:Yiannis Dyovouniotis 8557:Konstantinos Dimidis 8542:Kanellos Deligiannis 8517:Dimitrios Christidis 8492:Laskarina Bouboulina 8387:Treaty of Adrianople 8271:Peloponnesian Senate 7761:Septinsular Republic 7706:Greek involvement in 7666:Adelphiki Didaskalia 7327:Iakovos Argyropoulos 7310:Panagiotis Moutouzis 6961:. Vălenii de Munte: 6627:Ciocoii vechi și noi 6292:Negrău, pp. 132, 134 5925:Vassiadis, pp. 21–22 5822:Neue Zürcher Zeitung 5755:Iorga (1896), p. 569 5678:Iorga (1896), p. 552 5669:Iorga (1896), p. 542 5426:Iorga (1896), p. 528 5390:Iorga (1896), p. 526 5255:Iorga (1896), p. 508 5099:Puchner, pp. 255–256 5000:Neagoe, pp. 201, 203 4988:Realitatea Ilustrată 4839:Gheorghe I. Lahovary 4725:Iorga (1896), p. 503 4716:Iorga (1896), p. 502 4444:Filitti, pp. 100–101 4208:Djuvara, pp. 294–295 3996:, 1926; Ligor, p. 85 3555:Iorga (1896), p. 491 3420:Calmuschi, pp. 91–97 3298:Negrău, pp. 131, 133 3259:Iorga (1896), p. 187 3250:Iorga (1896), p. 171 3171:Iorga (1913), p. 191 3130:as Rallou. By 1973, 3038:Ciocoii vechi și noi 2993:George Barbu Știrbei 2813:, as illustrated by 2811:Ciocoii vechi și noi 2749:Dionisie Eclesiarhul 2620:Dionisie Eclesiarhul 2526:Regulamentul Organic 2476:Demetrios Ypsilantis 2469:Peloponnesian Senate 2449:Percy Bysshe Shelley 2424:. On 14 March 1821, 2414:Georgios Karaiskakis 2386:John Frederick Lewis 2302:Jean-François Bautte 2082:Jewish ritual murder 2059:Henri de Mondonville 2049:nu se poate, stăpâne 1805:Ioannis Kapodistrias 1779:Romanian nationalism 1707:Ciorogârla Domnească 1657:, in exchange for a 1516:, to reorganize the 1435:Dionisie Eclesiarhul 1316:Plague and aftermath 1233:Konstantinos Bellios 859:Panagiotis Moutouzis 811:frail Ottoman Empire 663:—both of which were 504:, locally known as " 463:Romanian nationalism 452:modern Greek theater 369:Jean Georges Caradja 322:, also known by his 107: February 1822 10017:Lambros Koutsonikas 9861:Rothschild & Co 9836:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 9831:Ludwig I of Bavaria 9800:Lodewijk van Heiden 9709:Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 9668:Nikolaos Ypsilantis 9643:Athanasios Tsakalov 9613:Dimitrie Macedonski 9608:Constantine Levidis 9598:Stamatios Kleanthis 9400:Ludwig I of Bavaria 9380:Samuel Gridley Howe 9172:Anastasios Tsamados 9117:Ioannis Skandalidis 9097:Georgios Sachtouris 9052:Vasileios Petimezas 8967:Konstantinos Negris 8817:Kyprianos of Cyprus 8792:Ioannis Krestenitis 8787:Michalis Kourmoulis 8732:Nikolaos Kasomoulis 8727:Aristeidis Karnalis 8717:Panagiotis Karatzas 8697:Viaros Kapodistrias 8672:Athanasios Kampetis 8667:Dimitrios Kallergis 8602:Antonios Georgantas 8562:Ioannis Dimoulitsas 8507:Sotiris Charalampis 8462:Odysseas Androutsos 8372:Conference of Poros 8352:Congress of Laibach 7935:Wallachian uprising 7732:Catherine the Great 7628:Athanasios Tsakalov 7547:Greek Enlightenment 7533:Souliote War (1803) 7344:Prince of Wallachia 7222:The Court Historian 7095:Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu 7016:Sydney, Lady Morgan 6801:Paul Cernovodeanu, 6705:Editura Paralela 45 6473:Patraș, pp. 184–186 6373:Rizo-Rangabé, p. 84 6274:Ștefan, pp. 111–112 5989:Rizo-Rangabé, p. 40 5843:Negrău, pp. 131–132 5834:Rizo-Rangabé, p. 74 5519:Morgan, pp. 302–303 5246:Nistor, pp. 335–336 5219:Ionașcu, pp. 59, 68 5087:Convorbiri Literare 5009:Neagoe, pp. 202–203 4844:Convorbiri Literare 4647:Ciotoran, pp. 26–27 4316:Ciotoran, pp. 25–26 4122:Ionașcu, pp. 66, 68 4104:Ionașcu, pp. 51, 68 3803:Ionașcu, pp. 50, 61 3604:Ionașcu, pp. 52, 66 3092:ballet, created by 2948:Spyridon Mavrogenis 2872:Cotroceni Monastery 2839:during filming for 2745:Cotroceni Monastery 2711:national literature 2665:Friedrich von Gentz 2542:Otto of Wittelsbach 2467:, organized as the 2430:anti-Greek massacre 2410:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 2335:Çerkes Halil Efendi 2076:to build their own 2007:Iordache Slătineanu 1964:Istanbulite fashion 1903:Rosetti Phanariotes 1865:Dimitrie Macedonski 1764:Grigore Brâncoveanu 1532:, a dead language. 1427:Cotroceni Monastery 1249:Friedrich von Gentz 1241:Austrian Chancellor 1132:Grigore Brâncoveanu 788:Nicholas Mavrogenes 634:Duke of Dyrrhachium 610:Despotate of Epirus 573:Romanian literature 351:pre-modern Romanian 320:John George Caradja 224:Smaragda Mavrogenis 220:Rallou Argyropoulos 49:Prince of Wallachia 31:John George Caradja 10423:Deaths from asthma 10278:Greek nationalists 10231:Presidential Guard 10212:Propylaea (Munich) 10108:Theodoros Vryzakis 10047:Spyridon Trikoupis 10042:Georgios Tertsetis 10012:Ambrosios Frantzis 9937:Stamatis Voulgaris 9739:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 9648:Tudor Vladimirescu 9623:Giorgakis Olympios 9618:Anastasios Manakis 9489:Friedrich Thiersch 9464:Theobald Piscatory 9420:Johann Jakob Meyer 9305:Karl Rudolf Brommy 9262:Marigo Zarafopoula 9157:Emmanouil Tombazis 9077:Konstantinos Rados 9057:Dionysios Petrakis 9047:Nikolaos Petimezas 8977:Diamantis Nikolaou 8927:Hatzigiannis Mexis 8867:Anastasios Manakis 8842:Georgios Liologlou 8812:Nikolaos Kriezotis 8752:Panos Kolokotronis 8632:Dimitrios Gouvelis 8617:Konstantinos Gofas 8522:Panagiotis Danglis 8357:Congress of Verona 7671:Asma Polemistirion 7597:Eugenios Voulgaris 7455:Panagiotis Benakis 7354:Alexandros Soutzos 7283:Alexander Hangerli 6992:Panagiotis Soutsos 6783:Dan Cernovodeanu, 6731:Nestor Camariano, 6310:Rizo-Rangabé, p. 4 6097:Ionașcu, pp. 48–49 6070:Filitti, pp. 50–51 6034:Patrinelis, p. 191 5963:Revista de Folclor 5797:Filitti, pp. 22–23 5770:, 8 May 1821, p. 1 5767:Journal des Débats 5638:Ștefănescu, p. 125 5537:Pippidi, pp. 76–78 5501:Pippidi, pp. 78–79 5492:Pippidi, pp. 75–76 5456:Journal des Débats 5345:Ionașcu, pp. 79–80 5327:Ionașcu, pp. 80–81 5210:Djuvara, pp. 70–71 4856:Ionașcu, pp. 71–72 4811:Ionașcu, pp. 65–66 4784:Ionașcu, pp. 57–58 4775:Ionașcu, pp. 56–57 4502:Nădejde, pp. 87–88 4435:Economu, pp. 14–15 4262:Ionașcu, pp. 68–69 4151:The Monthly Review 4068:Ionașcu, p. 49, 53 4059:Ionașcu, pp. 53–55 4041:Ionașcu, pp. 49–50 3963:Ionașcu, pp. 52–53 3749:Djuvara, pp. 50–51 3649:Djuvara, pp. 49–50 3640:Bucur, pp. 77, 115 3207:Karadja, pp. 89–90 3189:Patrinelis, p. 181 3180:Karadja, pp. 87–90 3059:in his 1929 novel 3008:Ion Luca Caragiale 2966:Constantin Caracaș 2940:Kingdom of Romania 2936:Jean Karadja Pasha 2677:Daniel Philippidis 2590:Saint Irene Church 2555:Panagiotis Soutsos 2390: 2321:Alexandros Soutzos 2236: 2146:Giorgakis Olympios 2142:Tudor Vladimirescu 2104: 1895:Romani encampments 1775: 1631:capital punishment 1558: 1526:Benjamin of Lesbos 1503:Congress of Vienna 1342: 1253:peace of Bucharest 1214:Bulgarian settlers 1109: 1092: 1090:and Michel Bouquet 925:Scarlat Callimachi 921: 836: 796:Roxani or Roxandra 783:L'isola disabitata 754:Usūl ü Fenn-i Harb 649:Panagiotis Soutsos 602:Republic of Ragusa 600:originated in the 495:capital punishment 479:Russian occupation 266:Karatzas (Caradja) 85:Alexandros Soutzos 21:Jean Karadja Pasha 10240: 10239: 10149:The Free Besieged 10103:Dionysios Solomos 10088:Alexander Pushkin 10027:Panoutsos Notaras 9980: 9979: 9967:Charles Lenormant 9790:Edward Codrington 9785:Stratford Canning 9628:Yiannis Pharmakis 9603:Georgios Lassanis 9578:Stefanos Kanellos 9479:Giuseppe Rosaroll 9426:Ellinika Chronika 9335:Giacinto Collegno 9207:Meletis Vasileiou 9167:Ioannis Trikoupis 9137:Joseph Stephanini 9087:Panagiotis Rodios 9067:Kyriakos Pittakis 9002:Andronikos Paikos 8992:Antonis Oikonomou 8952:Nikolaos Mykonios 8937:Antonios Miaoulis 8872:Manto Mavrogenous 8827:Georgios Lassanis 8687:Stefanos Kanellos 8647:Dimitrios Indares 8547:Athanasios Diakos 8397:London Conference 8313:Executive of 1822 8309:First (Epidaurus) 7824:Constitutionalism 7809:Greek nationalism 7776:Albanian Regiment 7742:French Revolution 7699: 7698: 7676:Hellenic Nomarchy 7645:Philomuse Society 7592:Adamantios Korais 7587:Theophilos Kairis 7541: 7540: 7475:Cosmas of Aetolia 7360: 7359: 7351:Succeeded by 7324:Succeeded by 7297:Succeeded by 7262:978-973-50-6444-0 7248:978-90-04-35498-2 7208:978-973-7930-22-4 7073:978-606-95206-8-0 7055:978-973-703-268-3 6973:Monitorul Oficial 6941:978-90-04-25075-8 6915:Editura Academiei 6897:Cartea Românească 6713:978-973-47-0552-8 6686:Petre S. Aurelian 6536:Cazacu, pp. 27–28 6458:978-973-8953-49-9 6413:Cartea Românească 6210:978-973-50-6156-2 5151:978-973-180-518-4 5036:Buiu, pp. 128–129 4934:Revista Bistriței 4569:Georgescu, p. 141 4402:978-606-654-328-6 4050:Siruni, pp. 55–56 3994:Cartea Românească 3982:Gheorghe Adamescu 3911:Pătrășcanu, p. 60 3776:Winckler, pp. 6–7 3528:Calmuschi, p. 152 3343:978-1-4744-3899-5 3316:Winckler, pp. 5–6 3230:978-606-8547-02-2 2928:Kingdom of Saxony 2858:Lainici Monastery 2765:Lainici Monastery 2673:Grigore III Ghica 2628:Romanian folklore 2538:Kingdom of Greece 2268:, with the local 2178:Greek nationalism 2170:Philomuse Society 2165:Grigory Strogonov 2011:Pietro Metastasio 1907:Dragoman Nicholas 1855:as the country's 1697:Boyar nationalism 1339:Șcheii Brașovului 1309:Diocese of Râmnic 758:Marquis de Vauban 738:Habsburg monarchy 730:Stephen the Great 702:Choiseul-Gouffier 606:Beylik of Karaman 569:Kingdom of Greece 555:, supporting the 549:Swiss Confederacy 343: 317: 316: 275:Georgios Karatzas 255: 254: 227:Georgios Karatzas 177:Kingdom of Greece 10435: 10207:Pedion tou Areos 10063:Eugène Delacroix 9992:Dimitrios Ainian 9876: 9875: 9871:Morea expedition 9856:Ioannis Varvakis 9851:Georgios Stavros 9714:Ismael Gibraltar 9699:Sultan Mahmud II 9573:Diamandi Djuvara 9512: 9375:Carl von Heideck 9350:Vincenzo Gallina 9325:Giuseppe Chiappe 9257:Evangelos Zappas 9187:Theodoros Tzinis 9182:Kitsos Tzavellas 9162:Iakovos Tombazis 9132:Georgios Stavros 9112:Georgios Sisinis 9102:Georgios Sekeris 9037:Emmanouel Pappas 9017:Nakos Panourgias 8997:Ioannis Orlandos 8972:Theodoros Negris 8962:Alexander Negris 8932:Andreas Miaoulis 8862:Ioannis Mamouris 8807:Antonios Kriezis 8737:Ioannis Kolettis 8702:Stamatios Kapsas 8652:Isaiah of Salona 8622:Vasileios Goudas 8612:Georgios Gevidis 8587:Asimakis Fotilas 8487:Tousias Botsaris 8367:Treaty of London 8334:Fifth (Nafplion) 8261:Messenian Senate 8055:Chios expedition 8005:Greek civil wars 7633:Emmanuil Xanthos 7623:Nikolaos Skoufas 7552: 7551: 7470:Lambros Katsonis 7460:Nikolaos Galatis 7418: 7417: 7386: 7379: 7372: 7363: 7362: 7334:Preceded by 7307:Preceded by 7280:Preceded by 7277: 7276: 7270:Revista Istorică 7103:Editura politică 7035:Viața Romînească 7010:Revista Istorică 6985:Revista Istorică 6933:Brill Publishers 6841:Revista Istorică 6694:Romanian Academy 6666: 6657: 6651: 6640: 6634: 6629:(fragment)", in 6619: 6613: 6600: 6594: 6581: 6575: 6558: 6552: 6548:Viața Românească 6543: 6537: 6534: 6528: 6515: 6509: 6500:Iulia Aricescu, 6498: 6492: 6489: 6483: 6480: 6474: 6471: 6465: 6442: 6436: 6422: 6416: 6407:Republica Română 6398: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6338: 6335: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6275: 6272: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6239: 6236: 6230: 6218: 6212: 6194: 6188: 6185: 6179: 6178:Liu, pp. 154–155 6176: 6170: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6152: 6138: 6132: 6122: 6116: 6113: 6107: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6071: 6068: 6062: 6058:Viața Romînească 6050: 6044: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6017: 6014: 6008: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5981: 5972: 5966: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5935: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5917: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5890: 5880: 5874: 5873:Vassiadis, p. 22 5871: 5865: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5844: 5841: 5835: 5832: 5826: 5815:"Exterieur", in 5813: 5807: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5780: 5777: 5771: 5764:"Allemagne", in 5762: 5756: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5733: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5703: 5697: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5679: 5676: 5670: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5652: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5630: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5612: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5590: 5587:Revista Istorică 5583: 5577: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5538: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5502: 5499: 5493: 5490: 5484: 5481: 5475: 5471:Journal de Paris 5466: 5460: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5427: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5400: 5397: 5391: 5388: 5382: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5355: 5352: 5346: 5343: 5337: 5334: 5328: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5292: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5229: 5226: 5220: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5193: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5153: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5100: 5097: 5091: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5064: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5010: 5007: 5001: 4998: 4992: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4902: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4884: 4881: 4875: 4872: 4866: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4848: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4749: 4732: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4681: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4603: 4589: 4583: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4520:Iordachi, p. 116 4518: 4512: 4511:Iordachi, p. 115 4509: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4485: 4484:Iordachi, p. 117 4482: 4476: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4409: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4341: 4335: 4334:Bucur, pp. 19–20 4332: 4326: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4281: 4278: 4272: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4172:Cruceanu, p. 136 4170: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4142: 4136: 4129: 4123: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4060: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3821:Cruceanu, p. 132 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3596: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3547: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3511: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3448: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3396: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3278: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3222:Palatul Culturii 3214: 3208: 3205: 3199: 3196: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3057:Mateiu Caragiale 2984:prophesied that 2899:Bodleian Library 2825: 2796: 2776: 2760: 2740: 2707:Romanian theater 2653:Western Moldavia 2632:Iordache Golescu 2573:Costache Aristia 2561:Paul et Virginie 2517:Mehedinți County 2461:liberated Greece 2422:Andreas Miaoulis 2365:Saint Petersburg 2182:Nikolaos Galatis 2057:"; its founder, 1980:Govora Monastery 1932:sugar sculptures 1845:arz de mulțumire 1802:Foreign Minister 1717:, "prince"; see 1522:Iordache Golescu 1518:princely academy 1395:Caragea's plague 1356:, assisting the 1322:Caragea's plague 1292:Andrey Italinski 1247:; he instructed 1187:Mehedinți County 1113:Teleorman County 1024:Diamandi Djuvara 979:Turkish piasters 863:Mourouzis family 807:Eastern Question 722:Moldavian Prince 720:, who served as 659:, Wallachia and 630:Byzantine Empire 526:princely academy 506:Caragea's plague 413:Phanariote Greek 409:Yoan Corc Karaca 402: 396: 389:Giovanni Caradza 382: 376: 358: 348: 338: 336: 313: 239: 238: 186:29 December 1844 108: 105: 66:24 December 1812 40: 28: 27: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10243: 10242: 10241: 10236: 10197:Hymn to Liberty 10182: 10156:Hymn to Liberty 10051: 10002:Ioannis Filimon 9976: 9952:Prosper Baccuet 9910: 9865: 9846:Ioannis Papafis 9814: 9758: 9677: 9633:Michael Soutzos 9553: 9547: 9535: 9526:Olivier Voutier 9506: 9444:August Myhrberg 9434:Jonathan Miller 9360:Constantin Guys 9340:Charles Fabvier 9290:Joseph Balestra 9271: 9267:Nikolaos Zervas 9202:Dimitrios Varis 9142:Ioannis Stratos 9092:Dionysios Romas 9062:Andreas Pipinos 8987:Ioannis Notaras 8917:Andreas Metaxas 8772:Panos Koronaios 8572:Georgios Drakos 8552:Dionysis Diakos 8502:Stefanos Chalis 8477:Markos Botsaris 8472:Kostas Botsaris 8457:Chian Committee 8443: 8432: 8411: 8344: 8338: 8324:Third (Troezen) 8319:Second (Astros) 8295: 8247: 8208: 8142:Naval conflicts 8137: 8074: 7918: 7909:3rd Messolonghi 7904:2nd Messolonghi 7899:1st Messolonghi 7842: 7833: 7797: 7746:Napoleonic Wars 7710:Napoleonic Wars 7707: 7705: 7695: 7654: 7601: 7537: 7511: 7407: 7396: 7390: 7356: 7347: 7339: 7329: 7320: 7312: 7302: 7300:John N. Caradja 7293: 7285: 7275: 7189:Magazin Istoric 7024:Richard Bentley 7003:Magazin Istoric 6963:Neamul Românesc 6889:Ioan C. Filitti 6876:Magazin Istoric 6806:Magazin Istoric 6777:Magazin Istoric 6770:Matei Cazacu, " 6674: 6669: 6658: 6654: 6641: 6637: 6620: 6616: 6601: 6597: 6582: 6578: 6559: 6555: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6516: 6512: 6499: 6495: 6491:Simion, pp. 4–5 6490: 6486: 6481: 6477: 6472: 6468: 6443: 6439: 6423: 6419: 6399: 6395: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6359: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6273: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6233: 6219: 6215: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6169:Puchner, p. 261 6168: 6164: 6159: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6125:Nicolae Bănescu 6123: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6051: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6015: 6011: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5973: 5969: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5907:Simache, p. 106 5906: 5902: 5898:Filitti, p. 137 5897: 5893: 5881: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5792: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5774: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5736: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5467: 5463: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5290: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5178: 5174: 5169: 5165: 5161:Djuvara, p. 213 5160: 5156: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5094: 5082:Eugen Lovinescu 5080: 5076: 5072:Popa, pp. 27–29 5071: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4931: 4927: 4918: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4655: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4629:Ciotoran, p. 26 4628: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4592:Vasile Boerescu 4590: 4586: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4551: 4547:Aurelian, p. 76 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4417:Djuvara, p. 208 4416: 4412: 4392:Sergiu Cornea, 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307:Djuvara, p. 294 4306: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4284: 4280:Ciotoran, p. 27 4279: 4275: 4271:Ciotoran, p. 26 4270: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4253:Djuvara, p. 293 4252: 4248: 4244:Djuvara, p. 293 4243: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226:Ciotoran, p. 24 4225: 4221: 4217:Djuvara, p. 293 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4190:Djuvara, p. 293 4189: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785:Ciotoran, p. 22 3784: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3748: 3744: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3381: 3374:Magazin Istoric 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3353:Puchner, p. 261 3352: 3348: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3132:Alexandru Mitru 3128:Aimée Iacobescu 3100:'s 1970 novel, 3083:Eusebiu Camilar 3049:Horia Igiroșanu 3045:Romanian cinema 3034:Nicolae Filimon 3013:deus ex machina 2916: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2829:Aimée Iacobescu 2826: 2818: 2817: 2815:Mihail Simonidi 2807:Nicolae Filimon 2797: 2789: 2788: 2777: 2769: 2768: 2761: 2753: 2752: 2741: 2715:Iancu Văcărescu 2697:Zosimaia School 2641:Naum Râmniceanu 2622:, and later by 2615: 2610: 2598:Greek Orthodoxy 2509:Richard Burgess 2378: 2330:Shaykh al-Islām 2228: 2223: 2138:Miloš Obrenović 2090: 2029:Pamela maritata 1972:hot air balloon 1952:local Prussians 1948:carom billiards 1938:(including the 1877: 1853:Barbu Văcărescu 1795:Russian Emperor 1772:Oriental attire 1766:, who led the " 1736:Treaty of Paris 1699: 1659:promissory note 1587:Napoleonic Code 1562:Ioan C. Filitti 1540: 1530:Church Slavonic 1483:Curtea de Argeș 1324: 1318: 1288:Michael Soutzos 1218:Romanianization 1097: 939:Dionisie Fotino 913: 908: 886:plague pandemic 867:Austrian Empire 851:John N. Caradja 800:Michael Soutzos 792:Princess Rallou 653:Crimean Khanate 594: 589: 545:Michael Soutzos 471:Austrian Empire 438:throughout the 250: 233: 193: 187: 171: 155: 153: 151: 129: 106: 102:9 January 1822– 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10441: 10431: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10368:Caradja family 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10234: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10117: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10098:Andreas Kalvos 10095: 10093:Karl Krazeisen 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10073:Peter von Hess 10070: 10065: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9947:Gabriel Bibron 9944: 9939: 9934: 9932:Pierre Peytier 9929: 9924: 9918: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9882: 9880: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9828: 9822: 9820: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9795:Henri de Rigny 9792: 9787: 9782: 9780:George Canning 9776: 9774: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9695: 9693: 9683:Ottoman Empire 9679: 9678: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9638:Roxani Soutzos 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9593:Rallou Karatza 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9559: 9557: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9521:David Urquhart 9518: 9513: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9469:Maxime Raybaud 9466: 9461: 9459:Maurice Persat 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9390:Karl Krazeisen 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9320:Richard Church 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9281: 9279: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9247:Andreas Zaimis 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9129: 9124: 9122:Zisis Sotiriou 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9082:Ioannis Rangos 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9007:Georgios Panou 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8852:Andreas Londos 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8662:George Kalaras 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8642:Angelis Govios 8639: 8634: 8629: 8627:Ioannis Gouras 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8597:Angelis Gatsos 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8482:Notis Botsaris 8479: 8474: 8469: 8467:Fotos Bomporis 8464: 8459: 8453: 8451: 8445: 8444: 8437: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8419: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8410: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8354: 8348: 8346: 8340: 8339: 8337: 8336: 8331: 8329:Fourth (Argos) 8326: 8321: 8316: 8305: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8224: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8088:Constantinople 8084: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7739: 7734: 7725: 7720: 7714: 7712: 7701: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7582:Anthimos Gazis 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7450:Daskalogiannis 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7426: 7424: 7415: 7413:Ottoman Greece 7409: 7408: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7389: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7349: 7340: 7335: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7322: 7313: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7295: 7286: 7281: 7274: 7273: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7250: 7233: 7226: 7217: 7210: 7192: 7182: 7179:Caiete Critice 7172: 7165: 7151: 7133:Walter Puchner 7130: 7123: 7116:Andrei Pippidi 7113: 7110:Balkan Studies 7106: 7092: 7085: 7075: 7057: 7039: 7027: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6988: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6966: 6956: 6943: 6925: 6918: 6907: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6809: 6799: 6781: 6768: 6767: 6766: 6763:Balkan Studies 6759: 6752: 6741: 6729: 6722: 6715: 6699:Bogdan Bucur, 6697: 6683: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6652: 6635: 6614: 6595: 6585:Pasărea de foc 6576: 6553: 6538: 6529: 6510: 6493: 6484: 6482:Filitti, p. 17 6475: 6466: 6437: 6417: 6393: 6384: 6375: 6366: 6364:Negrău, p. 134 6357: 6348: 6346:Karadja, p. 92 6339: 6337:Ionașcu, p. 80 6330: 6321: 6312: 6303: 6294: 6285: 6276: 6267: 6258: 6256:Ștefan, p. 109 6249: 6240: 6231: 6213: 6189: 6180: 6171: 6162: 6153: 6133: 6117: 6108: 6106:Economu, p. 14 6099: 6090: 6081: 6079:Karadja, p. 91 6072: 6063: 6045: 6036: 6027: 6018: 6009: 6000: 5991: 5982: 5967: 5954: 5945: 5936: 5927: 5918: 5916:Negrău, p. 132 5909: 5900: 5891: 5875: 5866: 5854: 5845: 5836: 5827: 5808: 5799: 5790: 5781: 5772: 5757: 5748: 5734: 5725: 5723:Pippidi, p. 81 5716: 5707: 5698: 5689: 5680: 5671: 5662: 5653: 5640: 5631: 5622: 5613: 5600: 5591: 5578: 5569: 5560: 5551: 5549:Morgan, p. 322 5539: 5530: 5528:Pippidi, p. 80 5521: 5512: 5510:Morgan, p. 321 5503: 5494: 5485: 5483:Negrău, p. 131 5476: 5461: 5446: 5437: 5428: 5419: 5410: 5401: 5399:Ionașcu, p. 81 5392: 5383: 5374: 5365: 5363:Negrău, p. 131 5356: 5347: 5338: 5329: 5320: 5311: 5302: 5293: 5291:Ionașcu, p. 65 5284: 5282:Nistor, p. 336 5275: 5273:Nistor, p. 336 5266: 5257: 5248: 5239: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5203: 5201:Ionașcu, p. 80 5194: 5185: 5172: 5163: 5154: 5131: 5122: 5120:Neagoe, p. 203 5113: 5111:Angelou, p. 86 5101: 5092: 5074: 5065: 5056: 5047: 5038: 5029: 5020: 5011: 5002: 4993: 4978: 4965: 4956: 4947: 4938: 4925: 4912: 4903: 4894: 4885: 4876: 4867: 4858: 4849: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4804: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4768: 4759: 4757:Ionașcu, p. 56 4750: 4727: 4718: 4709: 4707:Ionașcu, p. 64 4700: 4691: 4682: 4680:Ionașcu, p. 64 4673: 4664: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4611:Nistor, p. 334 4604: 4584: 4571: 4562: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4459: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4385: 4376: 4374:Nistor, p. 334 4367: 4365:Nistor, p. 333 4358: 4349: 4336: 4327: 4318: 4309: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4137: 4124: 4115: 4113:Ionașcu, p. 68 4106: 4097: 4095:Ionașcu, p. 50 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4032:Winckler, p. 7 4025: 4016: 4007: 4005:Winckler, p. 7 3998: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3954:Ionașcu, p. 69 3947: 3938: 3936:Djuvara, p. 80 3929: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3893:Ionașcu, p. 53 3886: 3884:Ionașcu, p. 53 3877: 3875:Ionașcu, p. 67 3868: 3859: 3857:Ionașcu, p. 52 3850: 3848:Ionașcu, p. 67 3841: 3832: 3823: 3814: 3812:Ionașcu, p. 51 3805: 3796: 3794:Winckler, p. 4 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3698: 3689: 3680: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3633: 3631:Winckler, p. 5 3624: 3615: 3613:Winckler, p. 5 3606: 3597: 3584: 3582:Winckler, p. 5 3575: 3566: 3564:Winckler, p. 5 3557: 3548: 3539: 3537:Winckler, p. 4 3530: 3521: 3519:Winckler, p. 3 3512: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3483:Djuvara, p. 45 3476: 3474:Ionașcu, p. 49 3467: 3458: 3449: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3388: 3379: 3364: 3355: 3346: 3318: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3216:Sorin Iftimi, 3209: 3200: 3191: 3182: 3173: 3164: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3079:Pasărea de foc 3047:in 1928, when 2915: 2912: 2837:Florin Piersic 2833:Rallou Karatza 2827: 2820: 2819: 2798: 2791: 2790: 2778: 2771: 2770: 2762: 2755: 2754: 2742: 2735: 2734: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2719:Cișmeaua Roșie 2692:Walter Puchner 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2402:Roxani Soutzos 2394:Ottoman Greece 2377: 2374: 2348:hatt-i humayun 2286:Andrei Pippidi 2255:Pavel Liprandi 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2215:Princely Divan 2089: 2086: 2070:Gheorghe Lazăr 1992:Cișmeaua Roșie 1936:country dances 1930:, introducing 1928:Westernization 1876: 1873: 1787:Pyotr Lopukhin 1783:National Party 1768:National Party 1698: 1695: 1671:Râmnicu Vâlcea 1546:Title page of 1539: 1534: 1475:Serb emigrants 1320:Main article: 1317: 1314: 1096: 1093: 1044:Joseph Ledoulx 912: 909: 907: 904: 815:Russian Empire 809:, which saw a 678:Great Dragoman 612:. The name is 598:Caradja family 593: 590: 588: 585: 565:Hellenic State 522:Gheorghe Lazăr 432:Ottoman Empire 428:Great Dragoman 315: 314: 307: 303: 302: 299: 295: 294: 292:Greek Orthodox 289: 285: 284: 281: 277: 276: 273: 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 253: 252: 246: 245: 235: 234: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 217: 215:Roxani Soutzos 211: 209: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 188: 184: 180: 179: 168: 164: 163: 161:Ottoman Empire 148: 144: 143: 140: 139: 124: 120: 119: 114: 110: 109: 100: 96: 95: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10440: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10222:Royal Phalanx 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10179: 10178: 10174: 10172: 10171: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10146: 10144: 10143: 10139: 10137: 10136: 10132: 10130: 10129: 10125: 10123: 10122: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10007:George Finlay 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9868: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9819:Financial aid 9817: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9749:Ibrahim Pasha 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9704:Hurshid Pasha 9702: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9505: 9504:German Legion 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9428: 9427: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9385:George Jarvis 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9355:Thomas Gordon 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9330:Lord Cochrane 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9227:Pieros Voidis 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9212:Domna Visvizi 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9192:Loukas Vagias 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8957:Zachos Milios 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8947:Spyros Milios 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8440:Personalities 8435: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8298: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8211: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7914:2nd Acropolis 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7874:1st Acropolis 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7702: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7618:Filiki Eteria 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606:Organizations 7604: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7577:Rigas Feraios 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7405: 7399: 7394: 7387: 7382: 7380: 7375: 7373: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7355: 7346: 7345: 7338: 7332: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7311: 7305: 7301: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7278: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7218: 7215: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7198:. Bucharest: 7197: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7185:H. Dj. Siruni 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7149:9781107445024 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7104: 7101:. Bucharest: 7100: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7062: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7011: 7007: 7004: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6974: 6971:. Bucharest: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946:Nicolae Iorga 6944: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6913:. Bucharest: 6912: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6895:. Bucharest: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6873: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6863:973-28-0523-4 6860: 6856: 6853:. Bucharest: 6852: 6848: 6847:Neagu Djuvara 6845: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6787:. Bucharest: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6773: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6695: 6692:. Bucharest: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6664: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6580: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6557: 6550: 6549: 6542: 6533: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6514: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6488: 6479: 6470: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6441: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6425:James Caterly 6421: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6401:Dan Simonescu 6397: 6388: 6379: 6370: 6361: 6352: 6343: 6334: 6325: 6316: 6307: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6271: 6262: 6253: 6244: 6235: 6228: 6227: 6222: 6221:Paul Păltănea 6217: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6184: 6175: 6166: 6157: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6130: 6126: 6121: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6085: 6076: 6067: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6040: 6031: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5986: 5979: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5958: 5949: 5940: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5888: 5884: 5883:Nicolae Iorga 5879: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5849: 5840: 5831: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5769: 5768: 5761: 5752: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5702: 5693: 5684: 5675: 5666: 5657: 5650: 5644: 5635: 5626: 5617: 5610: 5604: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5573: 5564: 5558:Bucur, p. 203 5555: 5546: 5544: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5507: 5498: 5489: 5480: 5473: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5441: 5432: 5423: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5351: 5342: 5333: 5324: 5315: 5306: 5297: 5288: 5279: 5270: 5261: 5252: 5243: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5182: 5176: 5167: 5158: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5126: 5117: 5108: 5106: 5096: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4990: 4989: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4960: 4951: 4945:Bucur, p. 257 4942: 4935: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4907: 4898: 4889: 4880: 4871: 4862: 4853: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4826: 4817: 4808: 4799: 4790: 4781: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4748: 4747:973-8434-03-3 4744: 4740: 4736: 4731: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4698:Epure, p. 391 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4644: 4638:Bucur, p. 110 4635: 4626: 4620:Bucur, p. 176 4617: 4608: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4575: 4566: 4559: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4456: 4450: 4441: 4432: 4423: 4414: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4383:Epure, p. 378 4380: 4371: 4362: 4356:Epure, p. 378 4353: 4346: 4340: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4259: 4250: 4241: 4232: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4160: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4119: 4110: 4101: 4092: 4086:Siruni, p. 52 4083: 4074: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4011: 4002: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3969: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3933: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3881: 3872: 3866:Bucur, p. 160 3863: 3854: 3845: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3739: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3708: 3702: 3696:Cazacu, p. 28 3693: 3687:Bucur, p. 164 3684: 3678: 3677:973-7722-12-4 3674: 3670: 3664: 3658:Bucur, p. 210 3655: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3534: 3525: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3462: 3453: 3444: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3401: 3395: 3393: 3383: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3327:Marilyn Booth 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3284: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3177: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3124:Nucu Păunescu 3121: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3095: 3094:Oleg Danovski 3091: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067:Mircea Eliade 3064: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2982:Cezar Bolliac 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2876:Mihail Töpler 2873: 2869: 2868:Eastern crown 2865: 2864: 2859: 2855: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2795: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2766: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2594:Archimandrite 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493:Lord Cochrane 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:Masonic Lodge 2450: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2382: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361:Burdulu Pasha 2356: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2232: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2186:Filiki Eteria 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108:Andrei Oțetea 2102: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:Neagu Djuvara 2062: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2034: 2033:Demotic Greek 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024:Il vero amico 2020: 2019:Carlo Goldoni 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976:Dealul Spirii 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1911:silver francs 1908: 1905:(daughter of 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893:city and its 1892: 1888: 1884: 1883: 1872: 1870: 1867:have it that 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1828: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1578:Byzantine law 1575: 1571: 1570:individualism 1567: 1563: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:Muscel County 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:Hajduk Veljko 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1336: 1335:Orthodox icon 1332: 1328: 1323: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264:Hurshid Pasha 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1101: 1089: 1088:Eugène Cicéri 1085: 1084:Dealul Spirii 1081: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1048:French Empire 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033:Teodor Vârnav 1029: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975: 970: 969: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 932: 931: 926: 917: 903: 901: 897: 893: 892: 887: 883: 880: 879:French émigré 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 841: 833: 832: 828:Seal used by 826: 822: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 784: 779: 778: 773: 772: 767: 766:Enlightenment 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714:Mavrocordatos 711: 707: 706:Sublime Porte 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 671: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 622:Nicolae Iorga 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 530:Sublime Porte 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 453: 449: 445: 444:Carlo Goldoni 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 414: 410: 406: 401: 395: 390: 386: 381: 375: 370: 366: 362: 357: 352: 347: 341: 332: 328: 325: 321: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 293: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 267: 264: 262: 258: 247: 244: 240: 236: 229: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 212: 210: 208: 204: 201:Eleni Skanavi 200: 196: 192: 185: 181: 178: 174: 169: 165: 162: 158: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 101: 97: 94: 89: 86: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 50: 46: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 10175: 10170:Loukis Laras 10168: 10161: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10133: 10126: 10119: 10112: 9972:Edgar Quinet 9744:Yussuf Pasha 9454:Hadži-Prodan 9424: 9365:Emmanuel Han 9345:Adam Friedel 9295:Samuel Barff 9277:Philhellenes 8438: 8241: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8093:Thessaloniki 7839: 7766:Greek Legion 7659:Publications 7562:John Caradja 7561: 7523:Orlov Revolt 7402: 7342: 7315: 7288: 7269: 7253: 7239: 7229: 7220: 7213: 7195: 7188: 7178: 7175:Eugen Simion 7168: 7154: 7136: 7127:Transilvania 7126: 7119: 7109: 7098: 7088: 7081: 7060: 7042: 7033: 7030:Ioan Nădejde 7019: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6984: 6968: 6958: 6951: 6928: 6921: 6910: 6892: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6850: 6840: 6833: 6826: 6812: 6805: 6784: 6775: 6771: 6762: 6755: 6748: 6744: 6735: 6725: 6718: 6700: 6689: 6679: 6660: 6655: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6617: 6607: 6603: 6598: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6571: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6546: 6541: 6532: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6506:România Nouă 6505: 6501: 6496: 6487: 6478: 6469: 6461: 6450:Editura ALFA 6445: 6440: 6428: 6420: 6408: 6404: 6396: 6387: 6382:Ligor, p. 83 6378: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6342: 6333: 6324: 6315: 6306: 6297: 6288: 6279: 6270: 6261: 6252: 6243: 6234: 6224: 6216: 6197: 6196:Tudor Dinu, 6192: 6183: 6174: 6165: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6136: 6128: 6120: 6111: 6102: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6066: 6056: 6048: 6039: 6030: 6021: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5985: 5975: 5970: 5962: 5957: 5948: 5939: 5930: 5921: 5912: 5903: 5894: 5886: 5878: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5830: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5802: 5793: 5784: 5775: 5765: 5760: 5751: 5728: 5719: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5683: 5674: 5665: 5656: 5649:Un cugetător 5648: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5616: 5608: 5603: 5594: 5586: 5581: 5572: 5563: 5554: 5533: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5497: 5488: 5479: 5469: 5464: 5454: 5449: 5440: 5431: 5422: 5413: 5404: 5395: 5386: 5377: 5368: 5359: 5350: 5341: 5332: 5323: 5314: 5305: 5296: 5287: 5278: 5269: 5260: 5251: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5215: 5206: 5197: 5188: 5181:Un cugetător 5180: 5175: 5166: 5157: 5142: 5134: 5125: 5116: 5095: 5085: 5077: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5045:Buiu, p. 128 5041: 5032: 5027:Buiu, p. 128 5023: 5018:Bucur, p. 22 5014: 5005: 4996: 4986: 4981: 4973: 4968: 4959: 4950: 4941: 4933: 4928: 4920: 4915: 4910:Simion, p. 6 4906: 4897: 4888: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4852: 4842: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4780: 4771: 4762: 4753: 4738: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4703: 4694: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4657: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4607: 4595: 4587: 4580:Un cugetător 4579: 4574: 4565: 4557: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4455:Un cugetător 4454: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4413: 4405: 4393: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4344: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4276: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4132: 4127: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4046: 4037: 4028: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3989: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3924: 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3844: 3835: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3745: 3738:Un cugetător 3737: 3732: 3723: 3714: 3706: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3668: 3663: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3600: 3593:Un cugetător 3592: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3542: 3533: 3524: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3416: 3407: 3399: 3382: 3372: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3330: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3294: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3237: 3217: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3176: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3135: 3117: 3111: 3101: 3089: 3087: 3078: 3074: 3060: 3052: 3042: 3037: 3011: 3001: 2996: 2995:argued that 2989: 2985: 2970:Regulamentul 2969: 2957: 2956: 2917: 2887:Modern Greek 2884: 2879: 2861: 2851: 2840: 2810: 2800: 2779: 2726: 2718: 2700: 2689: 2685:O Polypathis 2684: 2663:praise from 2661: 2645:Ștefan Bellu 2616: 2570: 2559: 2544:, the first 2535: 2524: 2501: 2487: 2473: 2442: 2438:Morea Eyalet 2425: 2391: 2357: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2318: 2294: 2281: 2269: 2259: 2243:Radu Golescu 2239: 2237: 2201: 2194: 2189: 2154: 2127: 2111: 2105: 2078:Grand Temple 2063: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2037: 2028: 2022: 2000: 1990: 1988: 1967: 1925: 1918: 1898: 1880: 1878: 1868: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1817:Argeș County 1813:Ștefan Bellu 1809: 1790: 1776: 1750: 1745:Grande Armée 1743: 1724: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1674: 1640: 1624: 1615: 1614: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1573: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1536: 1513: 1507: 1464: 1452: 1424: 1417: 1411: 1392: 1381: 1362:Timok Valley 1358:Ottoman army 1343: 1301: 1280: 1261:Grand Vizier 1230: 1208: 1203: 1197: 1194:Transylvania 1191: 1182: 1164: 1162: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1130:(treasurer) 1125: 1120: 1110: 1061: 1051: 1041: 1017: 1015: 1002:Curtea Veche 995: 972: 967: 961: 943: 928: 922: 911:Inauguration 895: 889: 871:Halet Efendi 837: 829: 804: 781: 775: 769: 761: 753: 734: 675: 668: 595: 542: 517: 499: 467:Halet Efendi 456: 326: 319: 318: 126: 116: 25: 10258:1844 deaths 10253:1754 births 10187:Remembrance 10078:Victor Hugo 10068:Louis Dupré 9724:Kara Mehmet 9719:Omer Vrioni 9555:Sacred Band 9507: [ 8567:Adam Doukas 8025:Lerna Mills 7889:Acrocorinth 7395:(1821–1829) 7120:Ο Ερανιστής 6703:. Pitești: 6680:Ο Ερανιστής 6662:Cutezătorii 6604:Iancu Jianu 6519:Iancu Jianu 6462:Xenopoliana 6301:Popa, p. 32 6187:Popa, p. 32 6115:Liu, p. 144 6053:Radu Albala 5183:, pp. 24–25 4475:Liu, p. 142 3707:Țara Bârsei 3595:, pp. 6, 23 3386:Popa, p. 32 3136:Iancu Jianu 3098:Eugen Barbu 3090:Iancu Jianu 3071:Marin Iorda 3065:. In 1937, 3053:Iancu Jianu 3026:Matei Millo 3018:Iancu Jianu 2856:(1812) and 2636:Radu Albala 2602:Kolokynthou 2550:Ludwig Ross 2465:Peloponnese 2406:Philhellene 2298:Swiss banks 2290:Lady Morgan 2021:(including 2015:tragic Muse 1798:Alexander I 1647:grain trade 1635:Iancu Jianu 1626:emphyteusis 1583:private law 1331:Charalambos 1297:Manuc's Inn 1080:Curtea Nouă 1058:slave girls 987:Curtea Nouă 958:Russophilia 894:. 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